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Voyeurism As a Criminal Offence: a Consultation Paper
VVooyyeeuurriissmm aass aa CCrriimmiinnaall OOffffeennccee:: A Consultation Paper 2002 VVooyyeeuurriissmm aass aa CCrriimmiinnaall OOffffeennccee:: A Consultation Paper 2002 Published by authority of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada by the Communications Branch Department of Justice Ottawa, Canada © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2002, as represented by the Minister of Justice Printed in Canada This paper is also available on the Department of Justice Web site at the following address: http://www.canada.justice.gc.ca/en/cons/voy Table of Contents INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 PART ONE: CONTEXT............................................................................................... 3 History.................................................................................................................... 3 Defining Voyeurism............................................................................................... 3 Limitations of the Current Law.............................................................................. 5 Conceptualizing a Voyeurism Offence.................................................................. 6 (a) As a privacy offence......................................................................... 6 (b) As a sexual offence........................................................................... 8 (c) Common ground: Intersection of a privacy offence and a sexual offence............................................................................................. -
The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Author(S): Christopher P
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Author(s): Christopher P. Krebs, Ph.D. ; Christine H. Lindquist, Ph.D. ; Tara D. Warner, M.A. ; Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D. ; Sandra L. Martin, Ph.D. Document No.: 221153 Date Received: December 2007 Award Number: 2004-WG-BX-0010 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. October 2007 The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Final Report NIJ Grant No. 2004-WG-BX-0010 Performance Period: January 2005 through December 2007 Prepared for National Institute of Justice 810 Seventh Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 Prepared by Christopher P. Krebs, Ph.D. Christine H. Lindquist, Ph.D. Tara D. Warner, M.A. RTI International 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D. University of Cincinnati Sandra L. -
Incestuous Abuse: Its Long-Term Effects
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 390 010 CG 026 765 AUTHOR Russell, Diana E. H. TITLE Incestuous Abuse: Its Long-Term Effects. SPONS AGENCY Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (South Africa). REPORT NO ISBN-0-7969-1651-9 PUB DATE 95 NOTE 111p. PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Children; *Child Abuse; *Family Violence; Females; Foreign Countries; *Incidence; Interviews; Parent Child Relationship; Qualitative Research; *Sexual Abuse; *Victims of Crime; Violence IDENTIFIERS South Africa ABSTRACT Despite the growing recognition of the prevalence of incest which is challenging-traditional views about the family as a safe haven for children, there is a serious paucity of scientific research on incest in South Africa in the new field of family violence. Almost a century after Sigmund Freud dismissed most women's reports of incest victimization as wishful fantasy, the extent of the damage done by this form of abuse remains controversial in South Africa, with some researchers maintaining that incest victims often suffer no severe effects. This report presents the findings of a qualitative study designed to explore the short- and long-term effects of incestuous abuse experienced by 20 adult women ince:-.t survivors. Although all but one of the in-depth interviews were conducted with women who at the time were residing in Cape Town, the places in which the incestuous abuse had occurred are dispersed throughout South Africa. The purpose of this study is to inform policy discussions on incestuous abuse, violence in South Africa, and violence against women in general. Includes information on prevalence of incestuous abuse, study methodology, characteristics of incestuous abuse, initial effects abuse; and long-terms effects. -
Acquaintance Rape Is a Sexual Assault Crime Committed by Someone Who Knows the Victim
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. ~ ___________________________________ -L~~D WHEN THE RAPIST IS SOMEONE YOU KNOW 146610 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Natlonallnstilute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the copyright owner. • Published by the Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault Updated 1993 "I " , illinoiS Coalillon Agaiml Sexual Assault (J123 South Seventh Streel, Swto 500 Sprlngfiald. IL 62701-1302 (217) 753-41~7 TERMS Victim - The words "victim" and "survivor" are both commonly used to describe a person who is raped. In this booklet, the word "victim" is used, as it is more often associated with a person who • was recently assaulted. Attacker - In this booklet, the person who raped the victim is referred to as the "attacker." "She" - In this booklet, the sexual assault victim is referred to as "she" because women are most commonly the victims of sexual assault. Men are also sexual assault victims, and this booklet is for both male and female victims. Sexual Assault and Rape - The terms "sexual assault" and "rape" are used interchangeably in this booklet. Photos by Ginny Lee ILLINOIS CRlMINAL JUSTICE INFORMATION AUTHORITY Funding for the printing of this booklet was provided through the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 by the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. -
Acquaintance and Marital Rape Juror Decision Making in Acquaintance
Acquaintance and marital rape Juror decision making in acquaintance and marital rape: The influence of clothing, alcohol and pre-existing stereotypical attitudes Kirsty Osborn, 1 Josh P Davis, 1 Susan Button, 2 & John Foster 1 1 Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London UK 2 Adult Nursing and Paramedic Practice, University of Greenwich, London, UK Correspondence should be directed to: Dr Josh P Davis Reader in Applied Psychology Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling University of Greenwich London, UK, [email protected] The authors would like to thank Luiza-Diandra Bretfelean, Hava Sokoli, Donata Andriuskeviciute, and Monika Durova for help with data collection, as well as two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. This research was partly funded by an internal University of Greenwich Research Excellence Framework Grant (2015-2016) awarded to the second, third and fourth authors. Both experiments received University of Greenwich, Department of Psychology and Counselling Research Ethics Panel ethical approval. Keywords: Juries, marital rape; acquaintance rape; victim clothing; rape myths. 1 Acquaintance and marital rape Abstract Stereotypical biases about women’s roles in intimate relationships including their marital status and lifestyle choices such as clothing and alcohol use influence juror attributions of rape case defendant guilt, potentially reducing access to justice for victims. Across two mock-juror decision making experiments, participants read identical fictitious sexual assault vignettes varying in intoxicated defendant-complainant relationship (married vs. acquaintance), accompanied by photographs of complainant clothing at the crime (body revealing vs. plain) and in court (smart vs. -
The Evolution of Feminist and Institutional Activism Against Sexual Violence
Bethany Gen In the Shadow of the Carceral State: The Evolution of Feminist and Institutional Activism Against Sexual Violence Bethany Gen Honors Thesis in Politics Advisor: David Forrest Readers: Kristina Mani and Cortney Smith Oberlin College Spring 2021 Gen 2 “It is not possible to accurately assess the risks of engaging with the state on a specific issue like violence against women without fully appreciating the larger processes that created this particular state and the particular social movements swirling around it. In short, the state and social movements need to be institutionally and historically demystified. Failure to do so means that feminists and others will misjudge what the costs of engaging with the state are for women in particular, and for society more broadly, in the shadow of the carceral state.” Marie Gottschalk, The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America, p. 164 ~ Acknowledgements A huge thank you to my advisor, David Forrest, whose interest, support, and feedback was invaluable. Thank you to my readers, Kristina Mani and Cortney Smith, for their time and commitment. Thank you to Xander Kott for countless weekly meetings, as well as to the other members of the Politics Honors seminar, Hannah Scholl, Gideon Leek, Cameron Avery, Marah Ajilat, for your thoughtful feedback and camaraderie. Thank you to Michael Parkin for leading the seminar and providing helpful feedback and practical advice. Thank you to my roommates, Sarah Edwards, Zoe Guiney, and Lucy Fredell, for being the best people to be quarantined with amidst a global pandemic. Thank you to Leo Ross for providing the initial inspiration and encouragement for me to begin this journey, almost two years ago. -
2014 Rape Crisis Center Survey*
2014 Rape Crisis Center Survey* Sexual assault is widespread and devastating. Over forty percent of rape crisis centers were According to the National Intimate Partner and forced to reduce staffing because of funding Sexual Violence Survey/NISVS (CDC, 2011), nearly levels. Of those with staffing reductions, an 1 in 5 women have been the victim of an average of 3 positions were terminated or left attempted or completed rape and over 1.3 million vacant. women are raped in the U.S. in one year. Over 80% of women who were victimized experienced Advocates at rape crisis centers provide the significant impacts such as PTSD, injury (42%) and nation’s frontline response to sexual assault. missed time at work or school (28%). Rape Crisis Centers provide: 24 hour emergency room response; Recent national media attention on campus and 24 hour hotlines; military rape and public accusations of rape crisis intervention; against several celebrities have spotlighted the counseling & support groups; issue of sexual assault. Now, more than ever, our accompaniment to criminal justice nation needs a strong network of rape crisis agencies; centers to lead communities in prevention work awareness and prevention programs; and and to support survivors. a lifeline for survivors. Rape Crisis Center services are based in research Sadly, due to staffing reductions and lack of that works. A 2006 study found that when funding, almost 50% of centers had to decrease victims receive advocate-assisted services they services in at least one critical area. fare better in both short- and long-term recovery. Percentage of 2014 Survey Results centers that decreased service In the past year, rape crisis centers experienced due to lack of an overall loss in funding through a combination funding. -
Incest Statutes
Statutory Compilation Regarding Incest Statutes March 2013 Scope This document is a comprehensive compilation of incest statutes from U.S. state, territorial, and the federal jurisdictions. It is up-to-date as of March 2013. For further assistance, consult the National District Attorneys Association’s National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse at 703.549.9222, or via the free online prosecution assistance service http://www.ndaa.org/ta_form.php. *The statutes in this compilation are current as of March 2013. Please be advised that these statutes are subject to change in forthcoming legislation and Shepardizing is recommended. 1 National Center for Prosecution of Child Abuse National District Attorneys Association Table of Contents ALABAMA .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 ALA. CODE § 13A-13-3 (2013). INCEST .................................................................................................................... 8 ALA. CODE § 30-1-3 (2013). LEGITIMACY OF ISSUE OF INCESTUOUS MARRIAGES ...................................................... 8 ALASKA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 ALASKA STAT. § 11.41.450 (2013). INCEST .............................................................................................................. 8 ALASKA R. EVID. RULE 505 (2013) -
Statistics About Sexual Violence
National Sexual Violence Resource Center z Info & Stats For Journalists Statistics about sexual violence Sexual violence in the U.S. y 81% of women and 35% of men report significant short-term or long-term impacts such as Post- y One in five women and one in 71 men will be raped Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (a) at some point in their lives (a) y Health care is 16% higher for women who were y 46.4% lesbians, 74.9% bisexual women and 43.3% sexually abused as children (m) heterosexual women reported sexual violence other than rape during their lifetimes, while 40.2% gay Child sexual abuse men, 47.4% bisexual men and 20.8% heterosexual men reported sexual violence other than rape during y One in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually their lifetimes. (p) abused before they turn 18 years old (f) y Nearly one in 10 women has been raped by an y 34% of people who sexually abuse a child are family intimate partner in her lifetime, including completed members (n) forced penetration, attempted forced penetration y 12.3% of women were age 10 or younger at the time or alcohol/drug-facilitated completed penetration. of their first rape/victimization, and 30% of women Approximately one in 45 men has been made to were between the ages of 11 and 17 (a) penetrate an intimate partner during his lifetime. (b) y 27.8% of men were age 10 or younger at the time y 91% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are of their first rape/victimization (a) female, and 9% are male (o) y More than one-third of women who report being raped y In eight out of 10 cases of rape, the victim knew the before age 18 also experience rape as an adult (a) person who sexually assaulted them (l) y 96% of people who sexually abuse children are y 8% of rapes occur while the victim is at work (e) male, and 76.8% of people who sexually abuse children are adults (n) Cost and Impact y 325,000 children are at risk of becoming victims of y Each rape costs approximately $151,423 (d) commercial child sexual exploitation each year (m) y Annually, rape costs the U.S. -
Guide for Rape Crisis Centers
illiinois IMAGINES GUIDE FOR RAPE CRISIS CENTERS Illinois Imagines Project May 2010 illiinois IMAGINES OUR RIIGHTS, right now GUIDE FOR RAPE CRISIS CENTERS Section 1: Introduction ..................................... 2-3 Section 2: Creating the Environment................. 3-4 Section 3: Training Your Staff ........................... 5-10 Section 4: Serving Women with Disabilities .... 11-26 Section 5: Training Handouts ........................ 27-34 Section 6 Tools ............................................ 35-70 illiinois IMAGINES SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION illiinois IMAGINES OUR RIIGHTS, right now INTRODUCTION WHAT WILL YOU FIND IN THIS GUIDE? 1. Creating the Environment – Process and tools to enhance the “Disability Responsiveness” of the rape crisis center and conduct community outreach. 2. Training Your Staff – Guidance to create an environment where women with disabilities feel welcome and workers are ready to provide a victim-centered, empathic response. 3. Responding to Sexual Violence – Guidance regarding how to serve women with disabilities. 4. Training Handouts – Handouts to accompany training sessions. 5. Tools – Additional resources to support your response. Rape crisis centers have a long history of serving women who have experienced sexual violence. These services are designed for victim-centered focus from moment of first contact through trauma resolution. These vital services are accessible to all citizens in a community. Yet, women with disabilities are under-represented in the client population, particularly in light of the disproportionate incidence of abuse against them. This guide will help a disability service agency: engage in self-evaluation; enhance accessibility (physical, communication, attitudinal); tailor services to meet needs of women with disabilities; expand outreach and connection to disability service agencies; and prepare staff to serve women with disabilities. -
Types of Sexual Assault
TYPES OF SEXUAL ASSAULT What is Rape? Rape is non-consensual sexual contact. The law makes many distinctions among the types of sexual contact and the level of force used to obligate a victim to have sexual contact. There are many types of sexual abuse and assault. Acquaintance Rape (Links to place on the page below) Marital or Spousal Rape Stranger Rape Multiple Assailant / “Gang” Rape Drug-Facilitate Rape Child Sexual Abuse and Assault Incest Often, survivors of any type of sexual assault experience similar reactions to the trauma. This collection of reactions is called Rape Trauma Syndrome. Acquaintance Rape Acquaintance rape is a sexual assault crime committed by someone who knows the victim. Here are some facts about acquaintance rape: · It can happen any time and any place · The rapist may be a date, neighbor, boss, colleague, delivery person, repair worker, spouse or anyone else you know. Rapists are not usually strangers. Studies show: Over 80% of rape survivors were assaulted by someone they knew. 47% were raped by dates. · One in four college women were victims of rape or attempted rape while they were students. Eight-four percent of them knew the rapist. Fifty-seven percent of the rapes happened during a date. (Dr. Mary Koss, researcher at Kent State University) · Acquaintance rape is rarely reported to police. Less than 2% of acquaintance rape victims reported the assault; 21% of women raped by strangers report the crime to police. · Twelve percent of college men reported that they had physically restrained a woman to gain sexual advantage. REMEMBER: Date rape can occur despite all precautions. -
Video Voyeurism
2801 W. Beltline Highway, Suite 202, Madison, Wisconsin 53713 (608) 257-1516 • wcasa.org • [email protected] facebook.com/wcasa • twitter.com/wcasa WISCONSIN COALITION AGAINST SEXUAL ASSAULT INFORMATION SHEET SERIES Video Voyeurism Voyeurism is generally defined as the act of observing others without their knowledge and infringing upon their personal privacy. More commonly, it refers to a sexual interest in spying on people engaged in intimate behaviors and activities that are considered to be private. While video voyeruism isn’t new, it has gained increasing media attention. With technology quickly evolving, video voyeurism has become a serious concern. Combined with easy internet access and uploading capabilities, victims of video voyeurism may find themselves unknowingly broadcast on websites and sharing programs. This kind of privacy violation goes beyond “window peeping” or solitary, individual acts of voyeurism by potentially turning one offender’s video into online, non-consensual pornography. Wisconsin Chapter 942 criminalizes video voyeurism in several ways. Wis. Stat. 942.08 (Invasion of privacy) makes it a crime to: • Install a surveillance device in any private place with the intent to observe nude/partially nude person without their consent • To look into a private place or private place of public accommodation where a person may reasonably be expected to be nude for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification Wis. Stat. 942.09 (Representations depicting nudity) makes it a crime to: • Captures an intimate representation without the consent of the person depicted under circumstances in which he or she has a reasonable expectation of privacy, if the person knows or has reason to know that the person who is depicted does not consent to the capture of the intimate representation.