United States In cooperation with Department of U.S. Forest Service and the Agriculture Mississippi Agricultural and Soil Survey of Forestry Experiment Natural Station Perry County, Resources Conservation Service Mississippi

Interim Publication—January 1999

How To Use This Soil Survey

This document provides text and tables that describe the soils in the survey area. A symbol is assigned to each soil. The symbol relates the text and tables to soil maps. The soil maps are available online from the Web Soil Survey (http://websoilsurvey. nrcs.usda.gov/). Select the area for which you would like a soil map using the Area of Interest tab. After defining your area of interest, click on the Soil Map tab to view or print a soil map. Note the map unit symbols on the soil map. Turn to the Contents in this document. The Contents lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. It also shows which tables have data on specific land uses for each detailed soil map unit and lists other sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 4

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1992. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1997. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1992. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Perry County Soil and Water Conservation District. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Cover: An area of Trebloc silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, in the foreground. This area is used for wildlife habitat.

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources”).

Interim Publication—January 1999 5

Contents

Cover ...... 1 Ca—Cahaba-Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 How to Use This Soil Survey ...... 3 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...... 41 Contents ...... 5 CLB—Cahaba, Latonia, and Bassfield soils, Foreword ...... 9 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally General Nature of the County ...... 11 flooded ...... 43 Climate ...... 11 DO—Dorovan and Croatan soils, ponded ...... 45 History ...... 12 FeC—Freest fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent Relief and Drainage ...... 12 slopes ...... 46 Natural Resources ...... 12 HaA—Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Water Resources ...... 13 percent slopes ...... 48 How This Survey Was Made ...... 13 HeF—Heidel fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 Confidence Limits of Soil Survey percent slopes ...... 50 Information ...... 14 Ht—Harleston-Trebloc complex, 0 to 2 percent General Soil Map Units ...... 15 slopes, rarely flooded ...... 51 Soil Descriptions ...... 15 LaA—Latonia loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent 1. McLaurin-Benndale-Smithdale ...... 15 slopes, rarely flooded ...... 53 2. Benndale-Smithdale-Heidel ...... 16 LoF—Lorman silt loam, 15 to 40 percent 3. McLaurin-Wadley-Smithdale ...... 17 slopes ...... 54 4. Freest-Lorman-Benndale ...... 17 LsD—Lorman-Freest-Susquehanna complex, 5. Lorman-Freest ...... 18 5 to 15 percent slopes ...... 56 6. Susquehanna-Freest-Lorman ...... 19 LuA—Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 58 7. Freest-Irvington ...... 20 MA—Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent 8. Prentiss-Trebloc-Cahaba ...... 21 slopes ...... 60 9. Latonia-Bassfield-Cahaba ...... 22 MB—McLaurin and Benndale soils, 0 to 5 10. Trebloc-Harleston-Stough ...... 23 percent slopes ...... 62 11. Bigbee-Ouachita-Jena ...... 24 McA—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Detailed Soil Map Units ...... 27 percent slopes ...... 63 Soil Descriptions ...... 28 McB—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Al—Alaga loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 28 percent slopes ...... 65 AT—Atmore soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 29 McC—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 BaA—Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 66 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...... 30 Oa—Ouachita-Jena complex, 0 to 1 percent BdB—Benndale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 slopes, frequently flooded...... 67 percent slopes ...... 32 Ph—Pits-Udorthents complex...... 69 BdC—Benndale fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 PrA—Prentiss fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent percent slopes ...... 34 slopes ...... 70 BhD—Benndale-Smithdale complex, 8 to 15 PrB—Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent percent slopes ...... 35 slopes ...... 71 Bk—Bibb silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, SaB—Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 frequently flooded ...... 37 percent slopes ...... 73 BM—Bibb and Trebloc soils, 0 to 1 percent SmE—Smithdale fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 slopes, frequently flooded...... 38 percent slopes ...... 75 Bn—Bigbee loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent SoA—Stough fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ...... 40 slopes, rarely flooded ...... 76

Interim Publication—January 1999 6

SsB—Susquehanna fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Harleston Series ...... 119 percent slopes ...... 78 Heidel Series ...... 120 ST—Susquehanna and Freest soils, 2 to 5 Irvington Series ...... 120 percent slopes ...... 79 Jena Series ...... 122 Tr—Trebloc silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, Latonia Series ...... 122 frequently flooded ...... 81 Lorman Series ...... 123 Ts—Trebloc-Quitman complex, 0 to 2 percent Lucedale Series ...... 124 slopes, rarely flooded ...... 83 McLaurin Series ...... 125 WdC—Wadley fine sand, 0 to 5 percent Ouachita Series ...... 126 slopes ...... 84 Prentiss Series ...... 127 WdE—Wadley fine sand, 5 to 15 percent Quitman Series ...... 127 slopes ...... 86 Savannah Series ...... 128 Prime Farmland ...... 89 Smithdale Series ...... 129 Use and Management of the Soils ...... 91 Stough Series ...... 130 Crops and Pasture ...... 91 Susquehanna Series ...... 131 Land Capability Classification ...... 91 Trebloc Series ...... 132 Yields per Acre ...... 92 Wadley Series ...... 133 Woodland Management and Productivity ...... 93 Formation of the Soils ...... 135 Woodland Understory Vegetation ...... 94 Factors of Soil Formation ...... 135 Recreation ...... 94 Climate ...... 135 Wildlife Habitat...... 95 Living Organisms...... 135 Engineering ...... 97 Relief ...... 135 Building Site Development ...... 97 Time ...... 135 Sanitary Facilities ...... 98 Parent Material ...... 136 Construction Materials ...... 99 Processes of Horizon Development ...... 136 Water Management ...... 100 Geology ...... 137 Soil Properties ...... 103 Physiography ...... 137 Engineering Index Properties ...... 103 Topography ...... 137 Physical and Chemical Properties ...... 104 Surface Geologic Units ...... 137 Soil and Water Features ...... 105 References ...... 139 Physical and Chemical Analyses of Selected Glossary ...... 141 Soils ...... 106 Tables ...... 153 Classification of the Soils...... 109 Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation ...... 154 Soil Series and Their Morphology ...... 109 Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ...... 155 Alaga Series ...... 109 Table 3.--Growing Season ...... 155 Annemaine Series ...... 110 Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent Atmore Series ...... 111 of the Soils ...... 156 Bassfield Series ...... 112 Table 5.--Land Capability Classes and Yields Benndale Series ...... 113 per Acre of Crops and Pasture...... 157 Bibb Series ...... 114 Table 6.--Woodland Management and Bigbee Series ...... 115 Productivity ...... 160 Cahaba Series ...... 116 Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation ...... 165 Croatan Series ...... 117 Table 8.--Recreational Development ...... 169 Dorovan Series ...... 117 Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat ...... 173 Freest Series ...... 118 Table 10.--Building Site Development ...... 176

Interim Publication—January 1999 7

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities...... 180 Table 16.--Soil and Water Features...... 201 Table 12.--Construction Materials...... 184 Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Table 13.--Water Management...... 187 Soils...... 204 Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties...... 191 Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties Soils...... 205 of the Soils...... 197 Table 19.--Classification of the Soils...... 206

Issued 2000

Interim Publication—January 1999

9

Foreword

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the environment. This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations that affect various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Homer L. Wilkes State Conservationist Natural Resources Conservation Service

Interim Publication—January 1999

11

Soil Survey of Perry County, Mississippi

By W.D. Daniels, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by W.D. Daniels, Margaret M. Rice, Charlie D. Breland, Thomas T. Kilpatrick, and Rex E. Davis, Natural Resources Conservation Service

DeSoto National Forest surveyed by Len Weeks and Paul Johnson, U.S. Forest Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station

PERRY COUNTY is in the southeastern part of this county do not fully agree with those on soil maps Mississippi (fig. 1). It has a total area of 416,400 acres, for adjacent counties. Differences are the result of or about 650 square miles. It is bordered on the south better knowledge of soils, modifications in series by Stone and George Counties, on the west by Forrest concepts, and variations in the intensity of mapping or County, on the north by Jones and Wayne Counties, in the extent of soils within the survey area. and on the east by Greene and George Counties. New This soil survey updates the survey of Perry County, Augusta is the county seat. In 1990, the population of Mississippi, published in 1922 (6). It provides additional the county was 10,865. information and has larger maps, which show the soils Crops, mainly soybeans, and livestock are in greater detail. important agricultural sources of income in Perry County. In 1987, the average farm size was 165 acres General Nature of the County (9). Woodland covers about 84 percent of the county, and cropland and pastureland cover about 16 percent. This section provides general information about The DeSoto National Forest, which is managed by the Perry County. If briefly describes climate, history, relief U.S. Forest Service, covers 39 percent of the county. and drainage, natural resources, and water resources. More than 5,000 acres of the DeSoto National Forest is designated the Black Creek Wilderness Area and is Climate limited to recreational use. A 21-mile long segment of Black Creek is part of the Wild and Scenic River Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation System. About 80 percent of the operational area of for the survey area as recorded at Richton, Camp Shelby is in the DeSoto National Forest in Perry Mississippi, in the period 1958 to 1987. Table 2 shows County. Camp Shelby is a training and mobilization probable dates of the first freeze in fall and the last facility for National Guard units. Part of the Leaf River freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on length of the Game Management Area is in the southeastern part of growing season. the county. In winter, the average temperature is 48 degrees F Soil scientists have determined that about 30 and the average daily minimum temperature is 34 different soils are in the county. The soils range widely degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which in texture, natural drainage, slope, and other occurred on January 21, 1985, is 3 degrees. In characteristics. summer, the average temperature is 79 degrees and Descriptions, names, and delineations of soils in the average daily maximum temperature is 91 degrees. 12 Soil Survey

period of record was 15 inches. On the average, no days have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the average at dawn is about 85 percent. The sun shines 65 percent of the time possible in summer and 50 percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the south. Average windspeed is highest, 9 miles per hour, in spring. Severe local storms, including tornadoes, strike occasionally in or near the area. They are short in duration and cause variable and spotty damage. Every few years in summer or autumn, a tropical depression or remnant of a hurricane that has moved inland causes extremely heavy rains for 1 to 3 days. ✪ JACKSON History

Perry County was established on February 3, 1820, from the western part of Greene County. It was named in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812 (10). It originally had a county seat at both Hattiesburg and Augusta. The county seat was moved to New Augusta after the courthouse burned in 1877. The first pioneers in the county settled along the Leaf River and its tributaries (7). Perry County remains mostly rural. Most of the nonrural population is in the small villages of Beaumont, New Augusta, and Richton. Figure 1.—Location of Perry County, Mississippi. Relief and Drainage

The highest recorded temperature, which occurred on Perry County is gently rolling to hilly, except for the June 15, 1963, is 105 degrees. nearly level stream terraces along the Leaf River and Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are the smaller tributaries. Relief between valley and equivalent to “heat units.” During the month, growing summit ranges from 60 to 120 feet. degree days accumulate by the amount that the Perry County is in the drainage basin of the average temperature each day exceeds a base Pascagoula River. The major tributary is the Leaf River, temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly which flows west to east across the center of the accumulation is used to schedule single or successive county. From north to south, the main tributaries of the plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring Leaf River system are Tallahala Creek, Bogue Homo and the first freeze in fall. Creek, and Gaines Creek. The southwestern part of the The total annual precipitation is about 60 inches. Of county is drained by Black Creek. The main tributaries this, 30 inches, or 50 percent, usually falls in April of Black Creek are Beaverdam, Cypress, and Hickory through September. The growing season for most Creeks. All of the streams have relatively wide flood crops falls within this period. In 2 years out of 10, the plains, except in their upper courses. The streams form rainfall in April through September is less than 24 a dendritic pattern. inches. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was 9.6 inches on April 7, 1983. Thunderstorms Natural Resources occur on about 67 days each year, and most occur in summer. About 84 percent of Perry County is woodland. The average seasonal snowfall is about 0 inches. Climax vegetation was predominantly beech, magnolia, The greatest snow depth at any one time during the oak, sweetgum, hickory, and pine (8). Pine and

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 13

hardwoods are on the uplands, and oak, hickory, survey area and relating their position to specific sweetgum, sugarberry, elm, tupelo gum, and segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a baldcypress are on the flood plains. The wood from concept or model of how they were formed. Thus, these forests is used mostly for paper, lumber, and during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to plywood products. predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind Almost 21 percent of Perry County is prime of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on farmland, most of which is used for crop production. the landscape. Several large sand and gravel mines are in the Commonly, individual soils on the landscape county, mainly in the central part. The gravel is used merge into one another as their characteristics locally for roads, and much of it is hauled to gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, surrounding areas. There have been a few oil wells however, soil scientists must determine the in the county. boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, Water Resources these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape The quantity and quality of water for household use relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of and for livestock generally is adequate in the county. the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the Although most of the water for household use is from boundaries. wells, several communities in the county have a water Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the system. The water used by livestock is mainly from soil profiles that they studied. They noted color, perennial streams, artificial ponds, and springs. In texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and winter, most of the intermittent streams have sufficient amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, flow to water livestock. reaction, and other features that enable them to Many small, privately owned lakes are in the county. identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey They are used to control erosion and sediment, for area and determining their properties, the soil fishing and other recreation, and as sources of water scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes for livestock. (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics How This Survey Was Made with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils This survey was made to provide information systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of about the soils and miscellaneous areas in the taxonomic classification used in the United States, survey area. The information includes a description is based mainly on the kind and character of soil of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their properties and the arrangement of horizons within location and a discussion of their suitability, the profile. After the soil scientists classified and limitations, and management for specified uses. Soil named the soils in the survey area, they compared scientists observed the steepness, length, and the individual soils with similar soils in the same shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; taxonomic class in other areas so that they could the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds confirm data and assemble additional data based on of unconsolidated material. They dug many holes to experience and research. study the soil profile, which is the sequence of While a soil survey is in progress, samples of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile some of the soils in the area generally are collected extends from the surface down into the for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. Soil scientists interpret the data from these The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and analyses and tests as well as the field-observed other living organisms and has not been changed by characteristics and the soil properties to determine other biological activity. the expected behavior of the soils under different The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the tested through observation of the soils in different geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural uses and under different levels of management. vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and Some interpretations are modified to fit local miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind conditions, and some new interpretations are of landform or with a segment of the landform. By developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the from other sources, such as research information,

Interim Publication—January 1999 14

production records, and field experience of mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey specialists. For example, data on crop yields under areas. defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the Confidence Limits of Soil Survey same kinds of soil. Information Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate The statements regarding soil behavior in this and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable survey can be thought of in terms of probability. They over long periods of time, but they are not predictable are predictions. Confidence limits are statistical from year to year. For example, soil scientists can expressions of the probability that the composition of a predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a map unit or a property of a soil will vary within given soil will have a high water table within certain prescribed limits. They can be assigned numerical depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a values based on random sampling. high water table will always be at a specific level in the If specific data are not available for use in soil on a specific date. determining confidence limits, the natural variability of After soil scientists located and identified the soils and the details of the soil survey procedures are significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, considered. The composition of map units and other they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial information is derived largely by extrapolating from a photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. small sample. The map units contain contrasting Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, inclusions and are not described below a depth of 80 and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries inches. accurately. The information in this soil survey is not intended as This survey area was mapped at two levels of a substitute for onsite investigation. Soil survey detail. At the more detailed level, map units are information can be used to select from alternative narrowly defined. Map unit boundaries were plotted practices or general designs that may be needed to and verified at closely spaced intervals. At the less minimize the possibility of soil-related failures. It detailed level, map units are broadly defined. cannot be used to interpret specific points on the Boundaries were plotted and verified at wider landscape. intervals. In the legend for the detailed soil maps, Specific confidence limits for the composition of soil narrowly defined units are indicated by symbols in complexes in Perry County were determined by taking which the first letter is a capital and the second is samples from random transects made across mapped lowercase. For broadly defined units, the first and areas. Soil scientists made enough transects and took second letters are capitals. enough samples to characterize each map unit at an The descriptions, names, and delineations of the 80 percent confidence level. soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those of The composition of the other kinds of map units in the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are the this survey is based on the judgment of the soil result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications in scientist and was not determined by a statistical series concepts, or variations in the intensity of procedure. 15

General Soil Map Units

The general soil map at the back of this publication Minor soils: 13 percent, including Wadley, Heidel, shows broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of Lorman, and Bibb soils soils, relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general soil map is a unique natural landscape. Soil Characteristics Typically, it consists of one or more major soils or McLaurin miscellaneous areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It is named for the major soils or Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam miscellaneous areas. The components of one map unit Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam can occur in another but in a different pattern. Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red sandy loam that The general soil map can be used to compare the has red mottles; lower part—red sandy loam suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas of Depth class: Very deep suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise, Drainage class: Well drained areas where the soils are not suitable can be identified. Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable Slope range: 0 to 8 percent for planning the management of a farm or field or for Parent material: Loamy sediments selecting a site for a road or building or other structure. Benndale The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics that Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam affect management. Subsurface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam; lower part—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Soil Descriptions brownish yellow and light gray mottles Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained 1. McLaurin-Benndale-Smithdale Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Slope range: 0 to 12 percent Dominantly nearly level to strongly sloping, well Parent material: Loamy sediments drained loamy soils weathered from unconsolidated Smithdale loamy sediments; on uplands Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown sandy loam Setting Subsoil: Upper part—red sandy clay loam; lower part— Location in the survey area: Mostly in the northern part red sandy loam Landscape: Coastal Plain Depth class: Very deep Landform: Uplands Drainage class: Well drained Landform position: Primarily ridges, summits, and Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet shoulders with Smithdale soils on hillslopes Slope range: 8 to 15 percent Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 15 percent; minor soils Parent material: Loamy sediments may exceed 15 percent Minor soils Composition • The somewhat excessively drained Wadley soils on Percent of the survey area: 12 ridges and hillslopes McLaurin soils: 65 percent • The well drained Heidel and Lorman soils on Benndale soils: 12 percent hillslopes Smithdale soils: 10 percent • The poorly drained Bibb soils in narrow drainageways 16 Soil Survey

Use and Management lower part—yellowish brown sandy loam that has brownish yellow and light gray mottles Major uses: Pasture and cropland in the less sloping Depth class: Very deep areas and woodland Drainage class: Well drained Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Cropland Slope range: 0 to 12 percent Management concerns: Erosion and slope Parent material: Loamy sediments Pasture and hayland Smithdale Management concerns: Erosion and slope Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown sandy loam Woodland Subsoil: Upper part—red sandy clay loam; lower part— • No significant limitations affect management. red sandy loam Depth class: Very deep Urban development Drainage class: Well drained Management concerns: McLaurin—cutbanks cave; Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Benndale and Smithdale—slope in the steeper Slope range: 8 to 15 percent areas Parent material: Loamy sediments Recreational development Heidel Management concerns: Slope Surface layer: Dark brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Brown sandy loam Subsoil: Yellowish red sandy loam 2. Benndale-Smithdale-Heidel Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Dominantly gently sloping to moderately steep, well Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet drained loamy soils weathered from unconsolidated Slope range: 15 to 25 percent loamy sediments; on uplands Parent material: Loamy sediments Setting Minor soils Location in the survey area: Throughout • The poorly drained Bibb and Trebloc soils in broad Landscape: Coastal Plain concave areas of stream terraces and in narrow Landform: Uplands disected by numerous, deeply drainageways incised streams having narrow flood plains • The moderately well drained Freest soils on ridges, Landform position: Benndale—ridges, summits, and summits, and shoulders shoulders; Smithdale and Heidel—hillslopes Use and Management Slope range: Dominantly 2 to 25 percent; small areas may exceed 25 percent Major uses: Woodland and pasture Composition Cropland Percent of the survey area: 30 Management concerns: Erosion and slope Benndale soils: 42 percent Smithdale soils: 34 percent Pasture and hayland Heidel soils: 10 percent Management concerns: Erosion and slope Minor soils: 14 percent, including Bibb, Trebloc, and Freest soils Woodland • No significant limitations affect management. Soil Characteristics Urban development Benndale Management concerns: Slope Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Recreational development Subsurface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam; Management concerns: Slope

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 17

3. McLaurin-Wadley-Smithdale Subsoil: Upper part—red sandy clay loam; lower part— red sandy loam Dominantly nearly level to strongly sloping, well Depth class: Very deep drained and somewhat excessively drained loamy and Drainage class: Well drained sandy soils weathered from unconsolidated loamy and Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet sandy sediments; on uplands Slope range: 8 to 15 percent Parent material: Loamy sediments Setting Minor soils Location in the survey area: Southern part • The moderately well drained Irvington soils on ridges Landscape: Coastal Plain and summits Landform: Uplands dissected by short drainageways • The poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains Landform position: McLaurin—ridges, summits, and shoulders; Wadley—ridges and hillslopes; Use and Management Smithdale—hillslopes Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 15 percent; small areas Major uses: Woodland, pasture, and cropland may exceed 15 percent Cropland Composition Management concerns: Slope and erosion Percent of the survey area: 7 McLaurin soils: 70 percent Pasture and hayland Wadley soils: 15 percent Management concerns: Slope and droughtiness Smithdale soils: 10 percent Minor soils: 5 percent, including Irvington and Bibb Woodland soils Management concerns: Wadley—restricted use of equipment and seedling mortality Soil Characteristics • No significant limitations affect management in areas McLaurin of the McLaurin and Smithdale soils. Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Urban development Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Management concerns: McLaurin and Wadley— Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red sandy loam that droughtiness and slope; Smithdale—slope has red mottles; lower part—red sandy loam Depth class: Very deep Recreational development Drainage class: Well drained Management concerns: McLaurin—slope and Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet droughtiness; Smithdale—slope; Wadley—slope, Slope range: 0 to 8 percent sandy textures, and droughtiness Parent material: Loamy sediments Wadley 4. Freest-Lorman-Benndale Surface layer: Brown fine sand Subsurface layer: Very pale brown sand Dominantly gently sloping to steep, moderately well Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red sandy loam; next drained and well drained clayey and loamy soils part—reddish yellow sandy loam; lower part— weathered from unconsolidated clayey and loamy yellowish red sandy loam sediments; on uplands Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained and somewhat Setting excessively drained Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Location in the survey area: Northern part Slope range: 0 to 15 percent Landscape: Coastal Plain Parent material: Sandy and loamy sediments Landform: Uplands Landform position: Freest and Benndale—ridges, Smithdale summits, and shoulders; Lorman—hillslopes Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Slope range: Dominantly 2 to 40 percent; small areas Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown sandy loam may exceed 40 percent

Interim Publication—January 1999 18 Soil Survey

Composition Minor soils Percent of the survey area: 8 • The moderately well drained Savannah and Freest soils: 47 percent somewhat poorly drained Susquehanna soils on ridges Lorman soils: 21 percent and summits Benndale soils: 10 percent • The poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains Minor soils: 22 percent, including Savannah, • The poorly drained Trebloc soils in broad concave Susquehanna, Bibb, and Trebloc soils areas on stream terraces and in narrow drainageways

Soil Characteristics Use and Management Freest Major uses: Woodland, pasture, and cropland Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Cropland Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown loam that has yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles; next Management concerns: Slope and erosion part—brownish yellow loam that has red and light Pasture and hayland brownish gray mottles; lower part—light brownish gray clay loam and silty clay having red, brownish Management concerns: Slope and erosion yellow, and yellowish brown mottles Woodland Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management concerns: Freest—restricted use of Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 equipment and competition from undesirable to 2.5 feet from January through April plants; Lorman—competition from undesirable Slope range: 2 to 8 percent plants, erosion, and restricted use of equipment; Parent material: Loamy and clayey sediments Benndale—competition from undesirable plants Lorman Urban development Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Management concerns: Freest—wetness, shrink-swell Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam potential, percs slowly, and low strength; Lorman— Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay that has brown slope, shrink-swell potential, and low strength; and light brownish gray mottles; lower part— Benndale—slope grayish brown silty clay loam that has yellowish Recreational development red and light brownish gray mottles Substratum: Light brownish gray silty clay loam that Management concerns: Freest—slope, wetness, and has olive yellow mottles percs slowly; Lorman—slope, percs slowly, and Depth class: Very deep erosion; Benndale—slope Drainage class: Moderately well drained Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Slope range: 5 to 40 percent 5. Lorman-Freest Parent material: Clayey and loamy sediments Dominantly gently sloping to steep, moderately well Benndale drained clayey and loamy soils weathered from unconsolidated clayey and loamy sediments; on Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam uplands Subsurface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam that Setting has yellowish brown mottles; lower part—yellowish brown sandy loam that has brownish yellow and Location in the survey area: South of the flood plain light gray mottles along the Leaf River Depth class: Very deep Landscape: Coastal Plain Drainage class: Well drained Landform: Uplands Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Landform position: Lorman—hillslopes; Freest—ridges, Slope range: 0 to 12 percent summits, and shoulders Parent material: Loamy sediments Slope range: Dominantly 2 to 40 percent; small areas may exceed 40 percent

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 19

Composition Woodland Percent of the survey area: 5 Management concerns: Lorman—competition from Lorman soils: 42 percent undesirable plants, erosion, and restricted use of Freest soils: 32 percent equipment; Freest—restricted use of equipment Minor soils: 26 percent, including McLaurin and and competition from undesirable plants Smithdale soils Urban development Soil Characteristics Management concerns: Lorman—slope, shrink-swell potential, percs slowly, and low strength; Freest— Lorman wetness, shrink-swell potential, and low strength Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Recreational development Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay that has brown Management concerns: Lorman—slope, percs slowly, and light brownish gray mottles; lower part— and erosion; Freest—slope, wetness, and percs grayish brown silty clay loam that has yellowish slowly red and light brownish gray mottles Substratum: Light brownish gray silty clay loam that has olive yellow mottles 6. Susquehanna-Freest-Lorman Depth class: Very deep Dominantly gently sloping to steep, somewhat poorly Drainage class: Moderately well drained drained and moderately well drained clayey and loamy Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet soils weathered from unconsolidated clayey and loamy Slope range: 5 to 40 percent sediments; on uplands Parent material: Clayey and loamy sediments Freest Setting Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Location in the survey area: Southeastern part Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Landscape: Coastal Plain Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown loam that has Landform: Uplands that have strongly dissected yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles; next hillslopes and narrow drainageways part—brownish yellow loam that has red and light Landform position: Susquehanna—ridges and summits; brownish gray mottles; lower part—light brownish Freest—ridges, summits, and shoulders; Lorman— gray clay loam and silty clay having red, brownish hillslopes yellow, and yellowish brown mottles Slope range: Dominantly 2 to 40 percent; small areas Depth class: Very deep may exceed 40 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Composition Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from January through April Percent of the survey area: 5 Slope range: 2 to 8 percent Susquehanna soils: 41 percent Parent material: Loamy and clayey sediments Freest soils: 23 percent Lorman soils: 21 percent Minor soils Minor soils: 15 percent, including Trebloc and • The well drained McLaurin soils on ridges Irvington soils • The well drained Smithdale soils on hillslopes Soil Characteristics Use and Management Susquehanna Major uses: Woodland Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Brown loam Cropland Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay; next part— Management concerns: Slope and erosion reddish brown clay that has yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles; lower part—light gray clay Pasture and hayland and silty clay having red and strong brown mottles Management concerns: Slope and erosion Depth class: Very deep

Interim Publication—January 1999 20 Soil Survey

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained and competition from undesirable plants; Lorman— Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet competition from undesirable plants, erosion, and Slope range: 2 to 15 percent restricted use of equipment Parent material: Clayey marine sediments Urban development Freest Management concerns: Susquehanna—shrink-swell Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam potential, low strength, percs slowly, and too Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam clayey; Freest—wetness, shrink-swell potential, Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown loam that has percs slowly, and low strength; Lorman—slope, yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles; next shrink-swell potential, and low strength part—brownish yellow loam that has red and light Recreational development brownish gray mottles; lower part—light brownish gray clay loam and silty clay having red, brownish Management concerns: Susquehanna—percs slowly yellow, and yellowish brown mottles and slope; Freest—slope, wetness, and percs Depth class: Very deep slowly; Lorman—slope, percs slowly, and erosion Drainage class: Moderately well drained Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 feet from January through April 7. Freest-Irvington Slope range: 2 to 8 percent Dominantly nearly level to moderately sloping, Parent material: Loamy and clayey sediments moderately well drained loamy soils weathered from Lorman unconsolidated loamy sediments; on uplands Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Setting Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay that has brown Location in the survey area: Southern part and light brownish gray mottles; lower part— Landscape: Coastal Plain grayish brown silty clay loam that has yellowish Landform: Uplands that have broad ridges, hillslopes, red and light brownish gray mottles and narrow drainageways Substratum: Light brownish gray silty clay loam that Landform position: Freest—ridges, summits, and has olive yellow mottles shoulders; Irvington—ridges and summits Depth class: Very deep Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 8 percent; minor soils Drainage class: Moderately well drained may exceed 8 percent Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Slope range: 5 to 40 percent Composition Parent material: Clayey and loamy marine sediments Percent of the survey area: 2 Minor soils Freest soils: 44 percent Irvington soils: 38 percent • The poorly drained Trebloc soils on concave stream Minor soils: 18 percent, including Lorman, terraces and in narrow drainageways Dorovan, Croatan, and McLaurin soils • The moderately well drained Irvington soils on ridges and summits Soil Characteristics Use and Management Freest Major uses: Woodland, pasture, and cropland Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Cropland Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown loam that has Management concerns: Slope and erosion yellowish red mottles; next part—brownish yellow loam that has red and light brownish gray mottles; Pasture and hayland lower part—light brownish gray clay loam and silty Management concerns: Slope and erosion clay having red, brownish yellow, and yellowish brown mottles Woodland Depth class: Very deep Management concerns: Susquehanna—restricted use Drainage class: Moderately well drained of equipment; Freest—restricted use of equipment Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 21

to 2.5 feet from January through April 8. Prentiss-Trebloc-Cahaba Slope range: 2 to 8 percent Parent material: Loamy and clayey sediments Dominantly nearly level to gently sloping, moderately well drained, poorly drained, and well drained soils Irvington formed in loamy alluvium; on stream terraces and flood Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam plains Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown fine sandy loam Setting Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown fine sandy loam; Location in the survey area: Northern part next part—yellowish brown sandy clay loam that Landscape: Coastal Plain has pale brown mottles; lower part—yellowish Landform: Stream terraces brown fine sandy loam that has strong brown, red, Landform position: Prentiss—convex stream terraces; and light gray mottles Trebloc—broad concave areas and narrow Substratum: Light gray clay loam that has strong brown drainageways; Cahaba—convex areas on stream and yellowish brown mottles terraces and terrace scarps Depth class: Very deep Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 5 percent; areas on short Drainage class: Moderately well drained side slopes may exceed 5 percent Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.5 to 3.0 feet from December through May Composition Slope range: 0 to 5 percent Percent of the survey area: 9 Parent material: Loamy sediments Prentiss soils: 67 percent Minor soils Trebloc soils: 16 percent Cahaba soils: 10 percent • The moderately well drained Lorman soils on Minor soils: 7 percent, including Dorovan, Croatan, hillslopes and Harleston soils • The very poorly drained Dorovan and Croatan soils in depressional areas on stream terraces and flood plains Soil Characteristics • The well drained McLaurin soils on ridges, summits, and shoulders Prentiss Use and Management Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam that Major uses: Pasture, cropland, and woodland has strong brown, brown, and light brownish gray mottles; lower part—yellowish brown sandy loam Cropland that has strong brown, brown, and light brownish Management concerns: Slope and erosion gray mottles Depth class: Very deep Pasture and hayland Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management concerns: Slope and erosion Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2.0 to 2.5 feet from January through March Woodland Slope range: 0 to 5 percent Management concerns: Freest—restricted use of Parent material: Loamy sediments equipment and competition from undesirable Trebloc plants; Irvington—restricted use of equipment and competition from undesirable plants Surface layer: Dark grayish brown silt loam Subsurface layer: Grayish brown silt loam Urban development Subsoil: Upper part—light brownish gray silty clay loam Management concerns: Freest—wetness, shrink-swell that has yellowish brown mottles; lower part— potential, percs slowly, and low strength; grayish brown silty clay loam and silty clay having Irvington—slope and wetness yellowish brown and brownish yellow mottles Depth class: Very deep Recreational development Drainage class: Poorly drained Management concerns: Slope, wetness, and percs Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 slowly to 1.0 foot from January through April

Interim Publication—January 1999 22 Soil Survey

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Recreational development Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial Management concerns: Prentiss—wetness, percs sediments slowly, and slope; Trebloc—flooding and wetness; Cahaba—flooding Cahaba Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown loam 9. Latonia-Bassfield-Cahaba Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay loam that has Dominantly nearly level, well drained soils that formed red and light yellowish brown mottles; lower part— in loamy and sandy alluvium; on stream terraces yellowish red clay loam that has strong brown, red, and pale brown mottles Setting Substratum: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam that has yellowish red mottles; lower part— Location in the survey area: Throughout brownish yellow sand that has light yellowish Landscape: Coastal Plain brown mottles Landform: Stream terraces Depth class: Very deep Landform position: Latonia and Bassfield—stream Drainage class: Well drained terraces; Cahaba—convex areas on stream Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet terraces and terrace scarps Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 2 percent; areas on short Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium side slopes may exceed 2 percent Composition Minor soils Percent of the survey area: 7 • The very poorly drained Dorovan and Croatan soils in Latonia soils: 26 percent depressions Bassfield soils: 25 percent • The moderately well drained Harleston soils in Cahaba soils: 24 percent convex areas on stream terraces Minor soils: 25 percent, including Trebloc and Alaga soils Use and Management Major uses: Pasture, cropland, and woodland Soil Characteristics Cropland Latonia Management concerns: Prentiss—wetness and root Surface layer: Dark brown loamy sand penetration; Trebloc—flooding and wetness; Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown fine sandy loam Cahaba—flooding Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam; lower part—strong brown sandy loam Pasture and hayland Substratum: Upper part—very pale brown loamy sand; Management concerns: Prentiss—wetness and root lower part—brownish yellow sand penetration; Trebloc—flooding and wetness; Depth class: Very deep Cahaba—flooding Drainage class: Well drained Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Woodland Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Management concerns: Prentiss—competition from Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium undesirable plants; Trebloc—seedling mortality, Bassfield competition from undesirable plants, and restricted use of equipment; Cahaba—competition from Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam undesirable plants Subsurface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red loam; lower part— Urban development yellowish red sandy loam Management concerns: Prentiss—percs slowly, Substratum: Brownish yellow loamy sand that has wetness, and droughtiness; Trebloc—flooding, strong brown mottles wetness, percs slowly, and low strength; Cahaba— Depth class: Very deep flooding and cutbanks cave Drainage class: Well drained

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 23

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet loamy and sandy sediments; on stream terraces and Slope range: 0 to 2 percent narrow flood plains Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium Setting Cahaba Location in the survey area: Along Thompson’s Creek, Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Bogue Homo Creek, Gaines Creek, and Black Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown loam Creek Subsoil: Upper part—yellowish red clay loam; lower Landscape: Coastal Plain part—yellowish red clay loam that has strong Landform: Narrow flood plains and stream terraces brown, red, and pale brown mottles Landform position: Trebloc—broad concave areas and Substratum: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam narrow drainageways; Harleston and Stough— that has yellowish red mottles; lower part— stream terraces brownish yellow sand that has light yellowish Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 2 percent; areas on short brown mottles side slopes may exceed 2 percent Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Composition Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Percent of the survey area: 10 Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Trebloc soils: 41 percent Minor soils Harleston soils: 22 percent Stough soils: 15 percent • The poorly drained Trebloc soils in narrow Minor soils: 22 percent, including Alaga, Bassfield, drainageways Prentiss, and Cahaba soils • The somewhat excessively drained Alaga soils on old natural levees Soil Characteristics Use and Management Trebloc Major uses: Woodland, pasture, and cropland Surface layer: Dark grayish brown silt loam Subsurface layer: Grayish brown silt loam Cropland Subsoil: Upper part—light brownish gray silty clay loam that has yellowish brown mottles; lower part— Management concerns: Latonia—flooding and grayish brown silty clay loam and silty clay having droughtiness; Bassfield and Cahaba—flooding yellowish brown and brownish yellow mottles Pasture and hayland Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Poorly drained Management concerns: Latonia—flooding and Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 droughtiness; Bassfield and Cahaba—flooding to 1.0 foot from January through April Woodland Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial • No significant limitations affect management. sediments Urban development Harleston Management concerns: Latonia—flooding and poor Surface layer: Very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam filter; Bassfield and Cahaba—flooding and Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown fine sandy cutbanks cave loam Recreational development Subsoil: Upper part—brownish yellow loam; lower part—light yellowish brown loam that has strong Management concerns: Latonia—flooding, small brown and light brownish gray mottles stones, and droughtiness; Bassfield—flooding and Substratum: Light brownish gray loam that has red small stones; Cahaba—flooding mottles Depth class: Very deep 10. Trebloc-Harleston-Stough Drainage class: Moderately well drained Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 2.0 Dominantly nearly level, poorly drained, well drained, to 3.0 feet from November through March and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Interim Publication—January 1999 24 Soil Survey

Parent material: Loamy and sandy sediments Harleston—flooding and wetness; Stough— flooding, wetness, percs slowly, and droughtiness Stough Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Pale brown fine sandy loam 11. Bigbee-Ouachita-Jena Subsoil: Upper part—light yellowish brown loam that Dominantly nearly level, excessively drained, has yellowish brown and light brownish gray moderately well drained, and well drained soils that mottles; next part—mottled yellowish brown, light formed in loamy and sandy alluvium; on stream brownish gray, and dark yellowish brown loam; terraces and flood plains lower part—light yellowish brown loam that has light brownish gray mottles Depth class: Very deep Setting Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Location in the survey area: Northern part Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.0 Landscape: Coastal Plain to 1.5 feet from January through April Landform: Flood plains that have many old channel Slope range: 0 to 2 percent scars, oxbows, and sloughs that are ponded more Parent material: Loamy sediments than 6 months each year Minor soils Landform position: Bigbee—natural levees; Ouachita— between natural levees and uplands and stream • The somewhat excessively drained Alaga soils on escarpments; Jena—slightly convex levees stream terraces Slope range: Dominantly 0 to 2 percent; areas on short • The well drained Bassfield soils on low stream side slopes may exceed 2 percent terraces • The moderately well drained Prentiss soils on the Composition higher stream terraces Percent of the survey area: 5 • The well drained Cahaba soils on terrace scarps Bigbee soils: 37 percent Ouachita soils: 29 percent Use and Management Jena soils: 19 percent Major uses: Woodland Minor soils: 15 percent, including Cahaba, Prentiss, Stough, and Trebloc soils Cropland Management concerns: Trebloc and Harleston— Soil Characteristics wetness; Stough—droughtiness, wetness, and root Bigbee penetration Surface layer: Dark yellowish brown loamy sand Pasture and hayland Substratum: Upper part—light yellowish brown loamy Management concerns: Trebloc and Harleston— sand; lower part—very pale brown fine sand that wetness; Stough—droughtiness, wetness, and root has light yellowish brown and very pale brown penetration mottles Depth class: Very deep Woodland Drainage class: Excessively drained Management concerns: Trebloc—seedling mortality, Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 3.5 competition from undesirable plants, and restricted to 6.0 feet from January through March use of equipment; Harleston—competition from Slope range: 0 to 2 percent undesirable plants; Stough—competiton from Parent material: Sandy alluvium undesirable plants and restricted use of equipment Ouachita Urban development Surface layer: Brown silt loam Management concerns: Trebloc—flooding, wetness, Subsurface layer: Dark yellowish brown silt loam and low strength; Harleston and Stough—flooding, Subsoil: Yellowish brown silt loam wetness, and percs slowly Substratum: Yellowish brown very fine sandy loam that has light gray mottles Recreational development Depth class: Very deep Management concerns: Trebloc—flooding and wetness; Drainage class: Well drained

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 25

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Cropland Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Management concerns: Bigbee—flooding, Parent material: Silty alluvium droughtiness, and wetness; Ouachita and Jena— Jena flooding Surface layer: Dark grayish brown silt loam Pasture and hayland Subsoil: Upper part—brown silt loam; lower part—dark yellowish brown silt loam Management concerns: Bigbee—flooding, Substratum: Upper part—yellowish brown sandy loam; droughtiness, and wetness; Ouachita and Jena— lower part—light yellowish brown sandy loam flooding Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Woodland Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Management concerns: Bigbee and Ouachita— Slope range: 0 to 1 percent seedling mortality; Jena—competition from Parent material: Loamy alluvium undesirable plants and seedling mortality Minor soils Urban development • The well drained Cahaba and moderately well drained Prentiss soils on the higher, isolated stream terrace Management concerns: Bigbee—flooding, cutbanks remnants scattered throughout the flood plain cave, wetness, and poor filter; Ouachita—flooding; • The somewhat poorly drained Stough soils on low Jena—cutbanks cave and flooding stream terraces Recreational development • The poorly drained Trebloc soils on flood plains Management concerns: Bigbee—flooding, too sandy, Use and Management and droughtiness; Ouachita—flooding and percs Major uses: Woodland slowly; Jena—flooding

Interim Publication—January 1999

27

Detailed Soil Map Units

The map units delineated on the detailed maps at descriptions, especially where the pattern was so the back of this survey represent the soils or complex that it was impractical to make enough miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous descriptions in this section, along with the maps, can areas on the landscape. be used to determine the suitability and potential of a The presence of included areas in a map unit in no unit for specific uses. They also can be used to plan way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. the management needed for those uses. More The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure information about each map unit is given under the taxonomic classes but rather to separate the heading “Use and Management of the Soils.” landscape into landforms or landform segments that A map unit delineation on a map represents an area have similar use and management requirements. The dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or delineation of such segments on the map provides miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and sufficient information for the development of resource named according to the taxonomic classification of the plans, but if intensive use of small areas is planned, dominant soils or miscellaneous areas. Within a onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for soils and miscellaneous areas. the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name the soils and miscellaneous areas are natural in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability general facts about the unit and gives the principal of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for observed properties may extend beyond the limits specific uses. defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the without including areas of other taxonomic classes. surface layer, all the soils of a series have major Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some arrangement. “included” areas that belong to other taxonomic Soils of one series can differ in texture of the classes. surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of Most included soils have properties similar to those erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus On the basis of such differences, a soil series is they do not affect use and management. These are divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on called noncontrasting, or similar, inclusions. They may the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The or may not be mentioned in the map unit description. name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature Other included soils and miscellaneous areas, that affects use or management. For example, Freest however, have properties and behavioral fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, is a phase of characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to the Freest series. require different management. These are called Some map units are made up of two or more major contrasting, or dissimilar, inclusions. They generally are soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are in small areas and could not be mapped separately complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. because of the scale used. Some small areas of A complex consists of two or more soils or strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in identified by a special symbol on the maps. The such small areas that they cannot be shown separately included areas of contrasting soils or miscellaneous on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or areas are mentioned in the map unit descriptions. A miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. few included areas may not have been observed, and Benndale-Smithdale complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, consequently they are not mentioned in the is an example. 28 Soil Survey

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more Available water capacity: Low soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet individually but are mapped as one unit because Shrink-swell potential: Low similar interpretations can be made for use and Flooding: None management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or Hazard of water erosion: None to slight miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. Tilth: Fair An area can be made up of only one of the major soils Parent material: Sandy alluvium or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. McLaurin and Benndale soils, 0 to 5 percent Minor Components slopes, is an undifferentiated group in this survey area. Dissimilar soils: This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such • Areas of the loamy Bassfield and Harleston soils in areas have little or no soil material and support little or positions similar to those of the Alaga soil no vegetation. Pits-Udorthents, complex, is an example. Land Use Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the Dominant uses: Woodland and pasture soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for Other uses: Cultivated crops many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms Cropland used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas. Suitability: Suited Commonly grown crops: Corn Soil Descriptions Management concerns: Droughtiness • Using supplemental irrigation and planting crop varieties that are adapted to droughty conditions help Al—Alaga loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent to increase crop production. slopes • Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue management, and a crop rotation that includes grasses Setting and legumes help to increase available water capacity, decrease crusting, and improve soil fertility. Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Stream terraces Pasture and hayland Landform position: Convex slopes Suitability: Well suited Shape of areas: Oblong Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Size of areas: 10 to 75 acres bahiagrass Management concerns: Droughtiness Composition • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought- Alaga soils: 85 percent tolerant species help to increase productivity. Dissimilar soils: 15 percent • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Typical Profile maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Surface layer: 0 to 6 inches—dark brown loamy sand Woodland Substratum: Suitability: Suited 6 to 16 inches—yellowish brown loamy sand Management concerns: Equipment limitations and 16 to 22 inches—yellowish brown sand seedling mortality 22 to 42 inches—brownish yellow sand • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a 42 to 53 inches—yellow sand forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure 53 to 80 inches—very pale brown sand seedling survival. • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment Soil Properties and Qualities during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches compaction, which damages roots. Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Permeability: Rapid can help to minimize plant competition.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 29

Wildlife habitat Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 40 to 300 acres Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—poor; Wetland wildlife—very Composition poor Management concerns: Too sandy Atmore soils: 85 percent • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Dissimilar soils: 15 percent vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Typical Profile and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Surface layer: • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Subsurface layer: existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning 5 to 15 inches—light grayish brown fine sandy loam every three years, rotated among several small tracts that has yellowish brown mottles of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Subsoil: for deer and the number of seed producing plants for 15 to 35 inches—70 percent light brownish gray and 30 quail and turkey. percent grayish brown fine sandy loam having • Wetland wildlife.—A better site can be selected. black and strong brown mottles Dwellings 35 to 50 inches—55 percent light brownish gray and 45 percent yellowish brown fine sandy loam Suitability: Suited 50 to 64 inches—55 percent light brownish gray and 45 Management concerns: Cutbanks cave and percent strong brown loam droughtiness 64 to 72 inches—35 percent light gray, 35 percent pink, • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. and 30 percent yellowish brown clay loam Support beams should be used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. Substratum: • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain 72 to 83 inches—yellowish brown loam that has light lawns during periods of low rainfall. brownish gray mottles Septic tank absorption fields Soil Properties and Qualities Suitability: Poorly suited Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Management concerns: Poor filter Drainage class: Poorly drained • Measures that improve filtering capacity should be Permeability: Moderately slow considered. The soil readily absorbs, but does not Available water capacity: High adequately filter, effluent. Seasonal high water table: Perched, at the surface to a Local roads and streets depth of 1.0 foot from October through March Shrink-swell potential: Low Suitability: Well suited Flooding: None Management concerns: None Hazard of water erosion: None to slight • No significant limitations affect local roads and Tilth: Fair streets. Parent material: Loamy sediments Interpretive Groups Other distinctive properties: More than 5 percent Land capability classification: IIIs plinthite within a depth of 24 to 50 inches Woodland ordination symbol: 8S Minor Components Dissimilar soils: AT—Atmore soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest and Irvington soils in the slightly higher, more convex Setting positions Landscape: Coastal Plain Land Use Landform: Uplands Landform position: Slight depressions and gently Dominant uses: Woodland sloping interstream divides Other uses: Wildlife habitat

Interim Publication—January 1999 30 Soil Survey

Cropland Dwellings Suitability: Poorly suited Suitability: Poorly suited Commonly grown crops: Corn and soybeans Management concerns: Wetness Management concerns: Wetness • Constructing dwellings on raised, well compacted fill • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize material helps to reduce the risk of damage from wetness and increases productivity. wetness. • Installing a subsurface drainage system helps to Pasture and hayland lower the seasonal high water table. Suitability: Suited Septic tank absorption fields Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Poorly suited bahiagrass Management concerns: Wetness and percs slowly Management concerns: Wetness • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic • Overgrazing and grazing when the soils are too wet tank absorption fields because of the wetness. cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and • The local Health Department can be contacted for poor tilth. additional guidance. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table maintain the condition of the pasture and increase improves septic system performance. productivity. Local roads and streets Woodland Suitability: Poorly suited Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Wetness Management concerns: Equipment limitations, plant • Constructing roads on raised, well compacted fill competition, and seedling mortality material helps to compensate for the wetness. • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Interpretive Groups forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Land capability classification: IVw • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked Woodland ordination symbol: 9W equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting and soil compaction that occur when the soils are saturated. BaA—Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants percent slopes, rarely flooded can help to minimize plant competition. Setting Wildlife habitat Landscape: Coastal Plain Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Landform: Low stream terraces Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland wildlife—good Landform position: Planar and slightly convex slopes Management concerns: Wetness Shape of areas: Oblong • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Composition wildlife. Bassfield and similar soils: 90 percent • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Dissimilar soils: 10 percent planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Typical Profile establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Surface layer: every three years, rotated among several small tracts 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Subsurface layer: quail and turkey. 4 to 9 inches—brown fine sandy loam • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Subsoil: areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 9 to 21 inches—yellowish red loam

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21 to 37 inches—yellowish red sandy loam • Using supplemental irrigation and planting grasses that are adapted to droughty conditions help to Substratum: increase forage production. 37 to 46 inches—brownish yellow loamy sand • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 46 to 80 inches—brownish yellow loamy sand that has planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to strong brown mottles maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Soil Properties and Qualities productivity. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Woodland Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately rapid Suitability: Well suited Available water capacity: Moderate Management concerns: None Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet • No significant limitations affect woodland Shrink-swell potential: Low management. Flooding: Rare • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Hazard of water erosion: None to slight forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Tilth: Good seedling survival. Parent material: Loamy and sandy fluvial sediments Wildlife habitat Minor Components Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Dissimilar soils: Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very • Areas of the clayey Annemaine soils in the lower poor positions Management concerns: Droughtiness • Areas of the sandy Alaga soils in the slightly higher • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of positions vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food • Areas of the moderately well drained Harleston soils and rest areas that improve habitat for openland in the slightly higher positions wildlife. • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes; • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by adjacent to sloughs and drainageways planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Similar soils: establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning • Scattered areas of Latonia soils that have brownish every three years, rotated among several small tracts colors in the subsoil of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse • Scattered areas of Cahaba soils that have more clay for deer and the number of seed producing plants for than the Bassfield soil in the upper part of the subsoil quail and turkey. Land Use • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Dominant uses: Woodland and pasture areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Other uses: Cropland and hayland Cropland Dwellings Suitability: Well suited Suitability: Poorly suited Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and Management concerns: Cutbanks cave and flooding specialty crops (fig. 2) • Constructing dwellings on elevated, well compacted Management concerns: Droughtiness fill material helps to minimize damage from floodwater. • Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue Septic tank absorption fields management, and a crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes help to increase available water capacity, Suitability: Suited decrease crusting, and improve fertility. Management concerns: Flooding • Septic tank absorption fields do not function properly Pasture and hayland during flooding and can be damaged by floodwater. Suitability: Well suited Local roads and streets Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and bahiagrass Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Droughtiness Management concerns: Flooding

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Figure 2.—Squash, which is a specialty crop, in an area of Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded.

• Constructing roads on raised, well compacted fill Dissimilar soils: 10 percent material helps to elevate the roads above flood stage. Typical Profile Interpretive Groups Surface layer: Land capability classification: IIs 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Woodland ordination symbol: 9A Subsurface layer: 4 to 8 inches—grayish brown fine sandy loam BdB—Benndale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Subsoil: percent slopes 8 to 25 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam 25 to 47 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has yellowish brown mottles Setting 47 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Landscape: Coastal Plain light gray and brownish yellow mottles Landform: Uplands Landform position: Ridges, shoulders, and summits Soil Properties and Qualities Shape of areas: Irregular Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Composition Available water capacity: Moderate Benndale and similar soils: 90 percent Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet

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Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland Flooding: None Suitability: Well suited Hazard of water erosion: Moderate Management concerns: Plant competition Tilth: Good • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Parent material: Loamy sediments forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Other distinctive properties: Less than 5 percent seedling survival. plinthite in the BC horizon (if it occurs) • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants can help to minimize plant competition. Minor Components Dissimilar soils: Wildlife habitat • Areas of the less sandy Freest soils in positions Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; similar to those of the Benndale soil Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very • Areas of the more clayey Susquehanna soils in the poor higher positions Management concerns: None • Areas of the poorly drained, more silty Atmore soils • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of in the lower positions vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes and rest areas that improve habitat for openland • Areas of soils in narrow drainageways wildlife. Similar soils: • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils that are in planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the positions similar to those of the Benndale soil and that existing plant cover, or promoting the natural have a redder subsoil establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on summits every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Areas of the well drained Smithdale soils in the of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse steeper areas for deer and the number of seed producing plants for quail and turkey. Land Use • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Dominant uses: Woodland areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Other uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland Dwellings Cropland Suitability: Well suited Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: None Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and • No significant limitations affect dwellings. truck crops Management concerns: None Septic tank absorption fields • No significant limitations affect cropland Suitability: Well suited management. Management concerns: None • A conservation tillage system increases the content • No significant limitations affect septic tank of organic matter and soil moisture and helps maintain absorption fields. tilth, retain plant nutrients, and control erosion. • The local Health Department can be contacted for Pasture and hayland guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Suitability: Well suited Local roads and streets Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Well suited bahiagrass Management concerns: None Management concerns: None • No significant limitations affect local roads and • No significant limitations affect the management of streets. pasture and hayland. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Interpretive Groups planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Land capability classification: IIe productivity. Woodland ordination symbol: 10A

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BdC—Benndale fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on summits percent slopes • Areas of the well drained Smithdale soils in the higher areas • Areas of the well drained Heidel soils in the higher Setting areas Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Uplands Land Use Landform position: Ridges, shoulders, and summits Dominant uses: Woodland Shape of areas: Irregular Other uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Cropland Composition Suitability: Well suited Benndale and similar soils: 90 percent Commonly grown crops: Corn and soybeans Dissimilar soils: 10 percent Management concerns: Erosion Typical Profile • Using a resource management system that includes terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, Surface layer: stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam management, and a crop rotation that includes soil Subsurface layer: conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface 4 to 8 inches—grayish brown fine sandy loam runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. Subsoil: Pasture and hayland 8 to 25 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam Suitability: Well suited 25 to 47 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and yellowish brown mottles bahiagrass 47 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Management concerns: Erosion light gray and brownish yellow mottles • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the Soil Properties and Qualities contour or across the slope help to control erosion and increase germination. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Drainage class: Well drained planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Permeability: Moderate maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Available water capacity: Moderate productivity. Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland Flooding: None Suitability: Well suited Hazard of water erosion: Severe Management concerns: Plant competition Tilth: Good • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Parent material: Loamy sediments forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Other distinctive properties: Less than 5 percent seedling survival. plinthite in the BC horizon (if it occurs) • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Minor Components can help to minimize plant competition. Dissimilar soils: Wildlife habitat • Areas of the less sandy Freest soils in positions Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; similar to those of the Benndale soil Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very • Areas of the more clayey Susquehanna soils in the poor higher positions Management concerns: Erosion • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of • Areas of soils in narrow drainageways vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Similar soils: and rest areas that improve habitat for openland • Areas of the McLaurin soils that have a redder wildlife. subsoil than the Benndale soil, in positions similar to • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by those of the Benndale soil planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 35

existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Smithdale—nose slopes, shoulders, and establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning footslopes every three years, rotated among several small tracts Shape of areas: Irregular of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Size of areas: 60 to 600 acres for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Composition quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Benndale and similar soils: 60 percent constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Smithdale and similar soils: 30 percent areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Dissimilar soils: 10 percent Dwellings Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Benndale Management concerns: Erosion • Grading or land shaping prior to construction helps to Surface layer: reduce the damage caused by surface water and helps 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam to control erosion. Subsurface layer: • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope 4 to 8 inches—grayish brown fine sandy loam helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. • Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as Subsoil: possible and installing silt fences help to maintain soil 8 to 25 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam stability and prevent sediments from leaving the site. 25 to 47 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam 47 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Septic tank absorption fields light gray and brownish yellow mottles Suitability: Well suited Smithdale Management concerns: None • No significant limitations affect septic tank Surface layer: absorption fields. 0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam • Installing distribution lines on the contour improves Subsurface layer: performance of septic tank absorption fields. 6 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown sandy loam • The local Health Department can be contacted for additional guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Subsoil: 13 to 33 inches—red sandy clay loam Local roads and streets 33 to 65 inches—red sandy loam Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: None Soil Properties and Qualities • No significant limitations affect local roads and Benndale streets. • Designing roads on the contour and providing Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches adequate water-control structures, such as culverts, Drainage class: Well drained help to maintain road stability. Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Interpretive Groups Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Land capability classification: IIIe Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland ordination symbol: 10A Flooding: None Hazard of water erosion: Severe Tilth: Good BhD—Benndale-Smithdale complex, 8 to Parent material: Loamy sediments 15 percent slopes Other distinctive properties: Less than 5 percent plinthite in the BC horizon (if it occurs) Setting Smithdale Landscape: Coastal Plain Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Landform: Uplands Drainage class: Well drained Landform position: Benndale—shoulders and summits; Permeability: Moderate

Interim Publication—January 1999 36 Soil Survey

Available water capacity: Moderate • If hay is harvested, the slope may limit equipment Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet use in the steeper areas. Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland Flooding: None Hazard of water erosion: Severe or very severe Suitability: Well suited Tilth: Good Management concerns: Benndale—plant competition; Parent material: Loamy sediments Smithdale—none • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Minor Components forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Dissimilar soils: • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb and Trebloc soils on can help to minimize plant competition. narrow flood plains Wildlife habitat Similar soils: • Areas of McLaurin soils that have less clay in the Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; subsoil than the Smithdale soil and have reddish colors Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very in the subsoil, on ridgetops poor • Scattered areas of Heidel soils that are in positions Management concerns: Benndale—droughtiness and similar to those of Smithdale soil and that have less erosion; Smithdale—erosion clay in the subsoil • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Land Use and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Dominant uses: Woodland wildlife. Other uses: Pasture and hayland • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Cropland existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Suitability: Poorly suited establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Commonly grown crops: Corn and soybeans every three years, rotated among several small tracts Management concerns: Benndale—erosion and of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse droughtiness; Smithdale—erosion for deer and the number of seed producing plants for • Using a resource management system that includes quail and turkey. terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue constructing shallow ponds that provide open water management, and a crop rotation that includes soil areas for waterfowl and furbearers. conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface Dwellings runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. • Applying lime and fertilizer on the basis of soil Suitability: Suited testing helps to increase the availability of plant Management concerns: Slope nutrients and to maximize crop productivity. • Grading or land shaping prior to construction helps to reduce the damage caused by surface water and helps Pasture and hayland to control erosion. Suitability: Well suited to pasture, suited to hayland • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. bahiagrass • Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as Management concerns: Benndale—droughtiness, possible and installing silt fences help to maintain soil erosion, and equipment use; Smithdale—erosion stability and prevent sediments from leaving the site. and equipment use Septic tank absorption fields • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Suitability: Suited increase germination. Management concerns: Slope • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well • Installing distribution lines on the contour improves planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to performance of septic tank absorption fields. maintain the condition of the pasture and increase • The local Health Department can be contacted for productivity. additional guidance regarding sanitary facilities.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 37

Local roads and streets Minor Components Suitability: Suited Dissimilar soils: Management concerns: Slope • Areas of Croatan and Dorovan soils in the lower • Designing roads on the contour and providing areas adequate water-control structures, such as culverts, • Areas of Trebloc soils in the higher depressions help to maintain road stability. • Areas of Stough soils in the higher areas Land Use Interpretive Groups Dominant uses: Woodland Land capability classification: VIe Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland Woodland ordination symbol: 9A Cropland Suitability: Unsuited Bk—Bibb silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, Management concerns: Flooding and wetness frequently flooded • This map unit is severely limited as a site for cropland because of the hazard of flooding during the growing season. Setting • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Landscape: Coastal Plain Pasture and hayland Landform: Flood plains Landform position: Planar and slightly convex areas Suitability: Suited to pasture, poorly suited to hayland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Management concerns: Flooding and wetness • Harvesting as soon as possible reduces the risk of Composition damage from flooding. • Although most flooding occurs during the winter, Bibb soils: 80 percent livestock and hay may be damaged any time of the Dissimilar soils: 20 percent year. • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize Typical Profile productivity. Surface layer: • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet 0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and 6 to 18 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam poor tilth. Substratum: Woodland 18 to 25 inches—gray silt loam that has strong brown Suitability: Suited mottles Management concerns: Seedling mortality, equipment 25 to 30 inches—gray sandy loam limitations, and plant competition 30 to 60 inches—light gray sand • Planting species that are appropriate for a poorly drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to Soil Properties and Qualities maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked Drainage class: Poorly drained equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting Permeability: Moderate and soil compaction that occur when the soil is Available water capacity: Moderate saturated. Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants to 1.0 foot from December through April can help to minimize plant competition. Shrink-swell potential: Low Wildlife habitat Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods from December through May Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland wildlife—good Tilth: Good Management concerns: Wetness Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of

Interim Publication—January 1999 38 Soil Survey

vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Shape of areas: Long and narrow and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Size of areas: 100 to 300 acres wildlife. Composition • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Bibb soils: 45 percent existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Trebloc soils: 35 percent establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Dissimilar soils: 20 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Typical Profile for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Bibb quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Surface layer: constructing shallow ponds that provide open water 0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown silt loam areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 6 to 18 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Dwellings Substratum: 18 to 25 inches—gray silt loam that has strong brown Suitability: Unsuited mottles Management concerns: Flooding and wetness 25 to 30 inches—gray sandy loam • This map unit is severely limited as a site for 30 to 60 inches—light gray sand dwellings because of the high water table and the frequent flooding. Trebloc • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Surface layer: Septic tank absorption fields 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Suitability: Unsuited Subsurface layer: Management concerns: Flooding and wetness 5 to 8 inches—grayish brown silt loam • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic Subsoil: tank absorption fields because of the high water table 8 to 20 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam that and the frequent flooding. has yellowish brown mottles • The local Health Department can be contacted for 20 to 33 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that additional guidance. has yellowish brown mottles Local roads and streets 33 to 48 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has yellowish brown mottles Suitability: Unsuited 48 to 60 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has Management concerns: Flooding and wetness brownish yellow mottles • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local roads and streets because of the high water table and Soil Properties and Qualities the frequent flooding. • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Bibb Interpretive Groups Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Drainage class: Poorly drained Land capability classification: Vw Permeability: Moderate Woodland ordination symbol: 11W Available water capacity: Moderate Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 BM—Bibb and Trebloc soils, 0 to 1 percent to 1.0 foot from December through April slopes, frequently flooded Shrink-swell potential: Low Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods from December through May Setting Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Landscape: Coastal Plain Tilth: Good Landform: Bibb—flood plains; Trebloc—low stream Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium terraces Trebloc Landform position: Bibb—nearly planar areas; Trebloc— broad concave areas and narrow drainageways Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 39

Drainage class: Poorly drained drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to Permeability: Moderately slow maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Available water capacity: High • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting to 1.0 foot from January through April and soil compaction that occur when the soils are Shrink-swell potential: Moderate saturated. Flooding: Frequent, for very brief periods from January • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants through April can help to minimize plant competition. Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Wildlife habitat Tilth: Good Parent material: Moderately fine textured deposits Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Other distinctive properties: None to common black Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland wildlife—good manganese concretions in the subsoil Management concerns: Wetness • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Minor Components vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Dissimilar soils: wildlife. • Areas of Croatan and Dorovan soils in the lower • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by positions planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • Areas of Stough soils in the higher positions existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Land Use every three years, rotated among several small tracts Dominant uses: Woodland of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Other uses: Wildlife habitat for deer and the number of seed producing plants for quail and turkey. Cropland • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Suitability: Unsuited areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Management concerns: Flooding and wetness • This map unit is severely limited as a site for Dwellings cropland because of the hazard of flooding during the Suitability: Unsuited growing season. Management concerns: Flooding and wetness • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. • This map unit is severely limited as a site for dwellings because of the high water table and the Pasture and hayland frequent flooding. Suitability: Suited to pasture, poorly suited to hayland • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass Septic tank absorption fields Management concerns: Flooding and wetness • Harvesting as soon as possible reduces the risk of Suitability: Unsuited damage from flooding. Management concerns: Flooding and wetness • Although most flooding occurs during the winter, • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic livestock and hay crops may be damaged any time of tank absorption fields because of the high water table the year. and the frequent flooding. • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize • The local Health Department can be contacted for productivity. additional guidance. • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet Local roads and streets cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and poor tilth. Suitability: Unsuited Management concerns: Bibb—flooding and wetness; Woodland Trebloc—low strength, flooding, and wetness Suitability: Suited • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local Management concerns: Seedling mortality, equipment roads and streets because of the high water table and limitations, and plant competition the frequent flooding. • Planting species that are appropriate for a poorly • A site that has better suited soils can be selected.

Interim Publication—January 1999 40 Soil Survey

Interpretive Groups Land Use Land capability classification: Vw Dominant uses: Woodland and pasture Woodland ordination symbol: Bibb—11W; Trebloc— Other uses: Cultivated crops 10W Cropland Suitability: Suited Bn—Bigbee loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent Commonly grown crops: Corn slopes, occasionally flooded Management concerns: Flooding and droughtiness • This map unit is difficult to manage for cropland because of the hazard of flooding during the growing Setting season. Although most flooding occurs during the Landscape: Coastal Plain winter and spring, crop loss is a risk during the growing Landform: Flood plains season. Landform position: Natural levees • Using a system of conservation tillage that provides Shape of areas: Long and narrow maximum ground cover helps increase the rate of Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres water infiltration and reduces moisture loss caused by evaporation. Composition • Using supplemental irrigation and planting crop Bigbee soils: 85 percent varieties that are adapted to droughty conditions help Dissimilar soils: 15 percent to increase crop production. Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited to pasture, suited to hayland Surface layer: Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass 0 to 10 inches—dark yellowish brown loamy sand Management concerns: Flooding and droughtiness Substratum: • Although most flooding occurs during the winter and 10 to 16 inches—light yellowish brown loamy sand spring, livestock and hay crops may be damaged any 16 to 32 inches—light yellowish brown fine sand time of the year. 32 to 42 inches—very pale brown fine sand • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 42 to 60 inches—very pale brown fine sand that has planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to light yellowish brown mottles maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Soil Properties and Qualities • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought- Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches tolerant species help to increase productivity. Drainage class: Excessively drained • Using equipment that has low pressure tires helps to Permeability: Rapid reduce slippage and rutting caused by the high content Available water capacity: Very low of sand. Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 3.5 Woodland to 6.0 feet from January through March Shrink-swell potential: Low Suitability: Well suited Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods from January Management concerns: Seedling mortality and through March equipment limitations Hazard of water erosion: None to slight • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Tilth: Fair forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Parent material: Sandy alluvium seedling survival. • Using wide tires or crawler-type equipment and Minor Components harvesting trees when the soil is moist improve Dissimilar soils: trafficability. • Areas of the loamy Jena soils in positions similar to Wildlife habitat those of the Bigbee soil • Areas of the loamy Ouachita soils in the slightly Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; lower areas Woodland wildlife—poor; Wetland wildlife—very • Areas of Bibb soils in the lower positions poor

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 41

Management concerns: Droughtiness Shape of areas: Oblong • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Composition and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Cahaba soils: 50 percent • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Annemaine soils: 30 percent planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Dissimilar soils: 20 percent existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Typical Profile every three years, rotated among several small tracts Cahaba of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Surface layer: quail and turkey. 0 to 6 inches—brown fine sandy loam • Wetland wildlife.—A better site can be selected. Subsurface layer: Dwellings 6 to 14 inches—yellowish brown loam Suitability: Unsuited Subsoil: Management concerns: Cutbanks cave and flooding 14 to 25 inches—yellowish red clay loam • This map unit is severely limited as a site for 25 to 36 inches—yellowish red clay loam that has red dwellings because of the occasional, brief flooding. and light yellowish brown mottles • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. 36 to 44 inches—yellowish red clay loam that has strong brown, red, and pale brown mottles Septic tank absorption fields Substratum: Suitability: Unsuited 44 to 48 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Management concerns: Flooding and poor filter yellowish red mottles • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic 48 to 80 inches—brownish yellow sand that has light tank absorption fields because of the occasional yellowish brown mottles flooding, a seasonal high water table, and the poor filtering capacity. Annemaine • The local Health Department can be contacted for Surface layer: additional guidance. 0 to 3 inches—brown fine sandy loam Local roads and streets Subsurface layer: Suitability: Poorly suited 3 to 7 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam Management concerns: Flooding Subsoil: • This unit is severely limited as a site for local roads 7 to 21 inches—yellowish red clay loam and streets. 21 to 32 inches—yellowish red clay loam that has • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. strong brown and light brownish gray mottles Interpretive Groups 32 to 41 inches—yellowish red sandy clay loam that has yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles Land capability classification: IIIs Woodland ordination symbol: 9S Substratum: 41 to 53 inches—strong brown sandy loam that has brownish yellow and light brownish gray mottles Ca—Cahaba-Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 53 to 62 inches—very pale brown sand that has percent slopes, rarely flooded brownish yellow mottles Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Cahaba Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Low stream terraces Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Landform position: Cahaba—slightly higher, more Drainage class: Well drained convex positions; Annemaine—lower, slightly less Permeability: Moderate convex positions Available water capacity: Moderate

Interim Publication—January 1999 42 Soil Survey

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet • Overgrazing and grazing when the soils are too wet Shrink-swell potential: Low cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from November poor tilth. through February Woodland Hazard of water erosion: None Tilth: Good Suitability: Well suited Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium Management concerns: Plant competition • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Annemaine can help to minimize plant competition. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Wildlife habitat Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Slow Potential of the Cahaba soil as habitat for: Openland Available water capacity: High wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 wildlife—very poor to 2.5 feet from January through March Potential of the Annemaine soil as habitat for: Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Openland wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Flooding: Rare, for very brief and brief periods from Wetland wildlife—poor January through March Management concerns: None Hazard of water erosion: None • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Tilth: Fair vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy sediments and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Minor Components • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Dissimilar soils: planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains existing plant cover, or promoting the natural along streams establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning • Areas of the somewhat excessively drained Alaga every three years, rotated among several small tracts soils on old natural levees of stream terraces of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse • Areas of the well drained Jena soils on slightly for deer and the number of seed producing plants for convex levees quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Land Use constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Dominant uses: Woodland areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland Dwellings Cropland Suitability: Poorly suited Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Cahaba—cutbanks cave and Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, and a flooding; Annemaine—flooding and restricted few specialty crops permeability Management concerns: Cahaba—none; Annemaine— • This map unit is severely limited as a site for wetness dwellings because of the flooding. • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize • Constructing dwellings on elevated, well compacted wetness and improves productivity in areas of the fill material helps to minimize damage from floodwater. Annemaine soil. Septic tank absorption fields Pasture and hayland Suitability: Cahaba—suited; Annemaine—poorly suited Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Cahaba—flooding; Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass Annemaine—wetness and restricted permeability Management concerns: Cahaba—none; Annemaine— • Septic tank absorption fields perform better in areas wetness of the Cahaba soil than in areas of the Annemaine soil. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Local roads and streets planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Suitability: Cahaba—well suited; Annemaine—suited productivity. Management concerns: Cahaba—flooding;

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 43

Annemaine—low strength and flooding Latonia • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material Surface layer: and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. 0 to 6 inches—dark brown loamy sand • Constructing roads on raised, well compacted fill material helps to compensate for the wetness and Subsurface layer: helps to elevate the roads above flood stage. 6 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: Interpretive Groups 10 to 18 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam Land capability classification: Cahaba—I; Annemaine— 18 to 30 inches—strong brown sandy loam IIw 30 to 37 inches—strong brown sandy loam Woodland ordination symbol: Cahaba—9A; Substratum: Annemaine—9W 37 to 58 inches—very pale brown loamy sand 58 to 65 inches—brownish yellow sand CLB—Cahaba, Latonia, and Bassfield Bassfield soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Surface layer: occasionally flooded 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Setting 4 to 9 inches—brown fine sandy loam Landscape: Coastal Plain Subsoil: Landform: Cahaba and Bassfield—stream terraces; 9 to 21 inches—yellowish red loam Latonia—flood plains 21 to 37 inches—yellowish red sandy loam Landform position: Planar to convex areas Shape of areas: Oblong Substratum: Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres 37 to 46 inches—brownish yellow loamy sand 46 to 80 inches—brownish yellow loamy sand that has Composition strong brown mottles Cahaba soils: 35 percent Soil Properties and Qualities Latonia soils: 30 percent Bassfield and similar soils: 20 percent Cahaba Dissimilar soils: 15 percent Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Drainage class: Well drained Typical Profile Permeability: Moderate Cahaba Available water capacity: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Surface layer: Shrink-swell potential: Low 0 to 6 inches—brown fine sandy loam Flooding: Occasional, for brief periods from November Subsurface layer: through February 6 to 14 inches—yellowish brown loam Hazard of water erosion: None Tilth: Good Subsoil: Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium 14 to 25 inches—yellowish red clay loam 25 to 36 inches—yellowish red clay loam that has red Latonia and light yellowish brown mottles Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches 36 to 44 inches—yellowish red clay loam that has Drainage class: Well drained strong brown, red, and pale brown mottles Permeability: Moderately rapid Substratum: Available water capacity: Low 44 to 48 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet yellowish red mottles Shrink-swell potential: Low 48 to 80 inches—brownish yellow sand that has light Flooding: Occasional, for very brief periods from yellowish brown mottles November through April

Interim Publication—January 1999 44 Soil Survey

Hazard of water erosion: None maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Tilth: Fair productivity. Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium • Harvesting as soon as possible reduces the risk of damage from flooding. Bassfield • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought- Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches tolerant species help to increase productivity. Drainage class: Well drained Woodland Permeability: Moderately rapid Available water capacity: Moderate Suitability: Well suited Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Management concerns: Cahaba—plant competition; Shrink-swell potential: Low Latonia—equipment limitations; Bassfield—none Flooding: Occasional, for very brief periods from • Planting species that are appropriate for a poorly November through April drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to Hazard of water erosion: None to slight maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Tilth: Good • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium can help to minimize plant competition. • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment Minor Components during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Dissimilar soils: compaction, which damages roots. • Areas of Alaga soils in the slightly higher areas Wildlife habitat • Areas of Jena soils in positions similar to those of the major soils Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; • Areas of Annemaine and Harleston soils in the higher Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very positions poor • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes; Management concerns: Flooding adjacent to sloughs and drainageways • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Land Use and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Dominant uses: Woodland wildlife. Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Cropland existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Suitability: Suited establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, every three years, rotated among several small tracts wheat, and a few specialty crops of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Management concerns: Cahaba and Bassfield— for deer and the number of seed producing plants for flooding; Latonia—flooding and droughtiness quail and turkey. • This map unit is difficult to manage for cropland • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by because of the hazard of flooding during the growing constructing shallow ponds that provide open water season. areas for waterfowl and furbearers. • Using supplemental irrigation, planting crop varieties Dwellings that are adapted to droughty conditions, and leaving crop residue on the surface help to conserve soil Suitability: Unsuited moisture and increase productivity. Management concerns: Cutbanks cave and flooding • This map unit is severely limited as a site for Pasture and hayland dwellings because of the occasional flooding. Suitability: Well suited to pasture, suited to hayland • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Septic tank absorption fields bahiagrass Management concerns: Cahaba and Bassfield— Suitability: Unsuited flooding; Latonia—flooding and droughtiness Management concerns: Cahaba and Bassfield— • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well flooding; Latonia—flooding and poor filter planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 45

tank absorption fields because of the occasional Drainage class: Very poorly drained flooding and the poor filtering capacity. Permeability: Moderate • The local Health Department can be contacted for Available water capacity: Very high additional guidance. Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1.0 above the surface to a depth of 0.5 foot from January Local roads and streets through December Suitability: Unsuited Shrink-swell potential: Low Management concerns: Flooding Flooding: Ponded, for very long periods from January • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local through December roads and streets because of the occasional flooding. Hazard of water erosion: None • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Parent material: Thick, highly decomposed organic matter Interpretive Groups Croatan Land capability classification: Cahaba—I; Latonia—IIs; Bassfield—IIs Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Woodland ordination symbol: 9A Drainage class: Very poorly drained Permeability: Slow Available water capacity: Very high DO—Dorovan and Croatan soils, ponded Seasonal high water table: Apparent, from 1.0 above the surface to a depth of 1.0 foot from January Setting through December Shrink-swell potential: Low Landscape: Coastal Plain Flooding: Ponded, for very long periods from January Landform: Flood plains through December Landform position: Depressional areas Hazard of water erosion: None Shape of areas: Oblong Parent material: Highly decomposed organic matter Size of areas: 20 to 200 acres over loamy sediments Composition Minor Components Dorovan soils: 50 percent Dissimilar soils: Croatan soils: 40 percent • Areas of the loamy Bibb soils in the higher areas Dissimilar soils: 10 percent • Areas of soils that have thinner organic layers than those of the major soils Typical Profile Dorovan Land Use Surface layer: Dominant uses: Woodland 0 to 30 inches—very dark gray muck Cropland Subsurface layer: Suitability: Unsuited 30 to 60 inches—very dark grayish brown muck Commonly grown crops: None Croatan Management concerns: Ponding and wetness • This map unit is severely limited as a site for crop Surface layer: production because of the ponding and wetness. 0 to 15 inches—black muck • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Subsurface layer: Pasture and hayland 15 to 29 inches—black muck Suitability: Poorly suited to pasture, unsuited to Substratum: hayland 29 to 41 inches—light gray sandy loam Commonly grown crops: None 41 to 60 inches—light gray loam Management concerns: Ponding and wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • This map unit is severely limited as a site for pasture and the production of hay because of the ponding and Dorovan wetness. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • A site that has better suited soils can be selected.

Interim Publication—January 1999 46 Soil Survey

Woodland Interpretive Groups Suitability: Suited Land capability classification: VIIw Management concerns: Equipment limitations, seedling Woodland ordination symbol: Dorovan—7W; Croatan— mortality, and plant competition 6W • Planting species and seedlings that are appropriate for a very poorly drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure FeC—Freest fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 seedling survival. The seedlings should be planted high percent slopes enough on the landscape to survive ponding. • Using low pressure ground equipment during dryer Setting periods helps to prevent rutting. • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Landscape: Coastal Plain can help to minimize plant competition. Landform: Uplands Landform position: Ridges and shoulders Wildlife habitat Shape of areas: Irregular Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—very poor; Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Woodland wildlife—very poor; Wetland wildlife— good Composition Management concerns: Ponding and wetness Freest soils: 85 percent • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas Dissimilar soils: 15 percent provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Typical Profile • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Surface layer: existing plant cover, or promoting the natural 0 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam establishment of desirable plants. Subsurface layer: • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 7 to 13 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam constructing shallow ponds that provide open water areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Subsoil: 13 to 20 inches—yellowish brown loam Dwellings 20 to 25 inches—yellowish brown loam that has Suitability: Unsuited yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles Management concerns: Ponding, flooding, subsides, 25 to 35 inches—brownish yellow loam that has red and excess humus and light brownish gray mottles • This map unit is severely limited as a site for 35 to 43 inches—light brownish gray clay loam that dwellings. has red and brownish yellow mottles • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. 43 to 51 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has red mottles Septic tank absorption fields 51 to 60 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has Suitability: Unsuited yellowish brown mottles Management concerns: Subsides, ponding, and Soil Properties and Qualities flooding • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches tank absorption fields. Drainage class: Moderately well drained • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Permeability: Moderately slow Available water capacity: High Local roads and streets Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 Suitability: Unsuited to 2.5 feet from January through April Management concerns: Subsides, ponding, and Shrink-swell potential: High flooding Flooding: None • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local Hazard of water erosion: Moderate roads and streets. Tilth: Good • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Parent material: Loamy over clayey sediments

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 47

Minor Components • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants can help to minimize plant competition. Dissimilar soils: • Areas of the sandier, well drained Benndale soils in Wildlife habitat positions similar to those of the Freest soil Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; • Areas of the moderately well drained Savannah soils Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor that have a fragipan at a depth of 18 to 38 inches, in Management concerns: Erosion positions similar to those of the Freest soil • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of • Areas of the clayey Susquehanna soils in positions vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food similar to those of the Freest soil and rest areas that improve habitat for openland • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes in wildlife. narrow drainageways • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Land Use existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Dominant uses: Woodland establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Other uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland every three years, rotated among several small tracts of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Cropland for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Suitability: Suited quail and turkey. Commonly grown crops: Cotton and soybeans • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Management concerns: Erosion and wetness constructing shallow ponds that provide open water • Using a resource management system that includes areas for waterfowl and furbearers. terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, Dwellings stripcropping, contour tillage, no-till planting, and crop residue management helps to control erosion and Suitability: Poorly suited surface runoff and maximizes the rate of water Management concerns: Wetness and shrink-swell infiltration. potential • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize • Constructing structures on the highest part of the wetness and increases productivity. landscape and installing a drainage system help to reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Pasture and hayland • Reinforcing foundations and footings or backfilling Suitability: Well suited with coarse textured material helps to strengthen Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass buildings and prevents the damage caused by Management concerns: Erosion and wetness shrinking and swelling. • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the Septic tank absorption fields contour or across the slope help to control erosion and increase germination. Suitability: Poorly suited • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Management concerns: Wetness and percs slowly planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic maintain the condition of the pasture and increase tank absorption fields because of the wetness. productivity. • The local Health Department can be contacted for • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet additional guidance. cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a poor tilth. sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table improves septic system performance. Woodland Local roads and streets Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Equipment limitations and Suitability: Poorly suited plant competition Management concerns: Shrink-swell potential and low • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a strength forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure • Removing as much of the clay that has a high seedling survival. shrink-swell potential as possible and increasing the • Logging when the soil is saturated causes rutting and thickness of the base aggregate help to reduce the compaction, which damages tree roots. hazard of erosion.

Interim Publication—January 1999 48 Soil Survey

• Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material Minor Components and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. Dissimilar soils: Interpretive Groups • Areas of the sandier Bassfield soils in the lower positions Land capability classification: IIe • Areas of the sandier Alaga soils on natural levees on Woodland ordination symbol: 9W stream terraces • Areas of the less sandy Quitman soils in the lower positions HaA—Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland Setting Other uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland Landscape: Coastal Plain Cropland Landform: Terraces and uplands Suitability: Well suited Landform position: Convex ridges Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and Shape of areas: Oblong specialty crops (fig. 3) Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Management concerns: Wetness Composition • No significant limitations affect cropland management. Harleston soils: 85 percent • This soil can develop a plow pan, which can be Dissimilar soils: 15 percent broken up by deep plowing. Typical Profile • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize wetness and improves productivity. Surface layer: 0 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown fine sandy Pasture and hayland loam Suitability: Well suited Subsurface layer: Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and 7 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam bahiagrass Management concerns: Wetness Subsoil: • No significant limitations affect the management of 13 to 20 inches—brownish yellow loam pasture and hayland. 20 to 54 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well light brownish gray mottles planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to 54 to 72 inches—light brownish gray loam that has maintain the condition of the pasture and increase strong brown mottles productivity. Substratum: • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet 72 to 82 inches—light brownish gray loam that has red cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and mottles poor tilth. Soil Properties and Qualities Woodland Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Suitability: Well suited Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management concerns: Plant competition Permeability: Moderate • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Available water capacity: Moderate forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 2.0 seedling survival. to 3.0 feet from November through March • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Shrink-swell potential: Low can help to minimize plant competition. Flooding: None Wildlife habitat Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Tilth: Good Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor Other distinctive properties: Few to common brittle Management concerns: None peds in the subsoil • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 49

Figure 3.—Peanuts planted on the contour in an area of Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Septic tank absorption fields and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Suitability: Poorly suited wildlife. Management concerns: Wetness • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the tank absorption fields because of the high water table. existing plant cover, or promoting the natural • The local Health Department can be contacted for establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning additional guidance. every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table for deer and the number of seed producing plants for improves septic system performance. quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Local roads and streets constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Suitability: Suited areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Management concerns: Wetness Dwellings • Using road designs that safely remove surface runoff helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Wetness Interpretive Groups • Constructing structures on the highest part of the landscape and installing a drainage system help to Land capability classification: IIw reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Woodland ordination symbol: 9W

Interim Publication—January 1999 50 Soil Survey

HeF—Heidel fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 Management concerns: Erosion and equipment use percent slopes • This map unit is severely limited as a site for crop production. • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Setting Pasture and hayland Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Terraces and uplands Suitability: Suited to pasture, poorly suited to hayland Landform position: Hillslopes Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass Shape of areas: Irregular Management concerns: Erosion and equipment use Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Composition increase germination. Heidel and similar soils: 90 percent • The slope limits equipment use in the steep areas. Dissimilar soils: 10 percent • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Typical Profile maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Surface layer: productivity. 0 to 3 inches—dark brown fine sandy loam Woodland Subsurface layer: Suitability: Well 3 to 8 inches—brown sandy loam Management concerns: None Subsoil: • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a 8 to 64 inches—yellowish red sandy loam forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Soil Properties and Qualities • Installing broad base dips, water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches landings. Drainage class: Well drained • Reseeding disturbed areas with adapted grasses and Permeability: Moderate legumes helps to prevent erosion and siltation of Available water capacity: Moderate streams. Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Shrink-swell potential: Low Wildlife habitat Flooding: None Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—poor; Hazard of water erosion: Very severe Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland wildlife—very poor Tilth: Good Management concerns: Slope Parent material: Loamy marine sediments • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Minor Components vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Dissimilar soils: wildlife. • Areas of the well drained Benndale soils in the higher • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by positions planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • Areas of the less sandy Smithdale soils in positions existing plant cover, or promoting the natural similar to those of the Heidel soil establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Similar soils: every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils on broad, of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse adjacent ridgetops for deer and the number of seed producing plants for quail and turkey. Land Use • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Dominant uses: Woodland constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Other uses: Wildlife habitat, pasture, and hayland areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Cropland Dwellings Suitability: Unsuited Suitability: Poorly suited Commonly grown crops: None Management concerns: Slope

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 51

• Grading or land shaping prior to construction helps to Subsurface layer: reduce the damage caused by surface water and helps 7 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam to control erosion. Subsoil: • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope 13 to 20 inches—brownish yellow loam helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. 20 to 41 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has • Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as light brownish gray mottles possible and installing silt fences help to maintain soil 41 to 54 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has stability and prevent sediments from leaving the site. light brownish gray mottles Septic tank absorption fields 54 to 72 inches—light brownish gray loam that has strong brown mottles Suitability: Poorly suited Management concerns: Slope Substratum: • Installing distribution lines on the contour improves 72 to 82 inches—light brownish gray loam that has red performance of septic tank absorption fields. mottles • The local Health Department can be contacted for Trebloc additional guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Surface layer: Local roads and streets 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Suitability: Poorly suited Subsurface layer: Management concerns: Slope 5 to 8 inches—grayish brown silt loam • Designing roads on the contour and providing adequate water-control structures, such as culverts, Subsoil: help to maintain road stability. 8 to 20 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam that has yellowish brown mottles Interpretive Groups 20 to 33 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that Land capability classification: VIIe has yellowish brown mottles Woodland ordination symbol: 9A 33 to 48 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has yellowish brown mottles 48 to 60 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has Ht—Harleston-Trebloc complex, 0 to 2 brownish yellow mottles percent slopes, rarely flooded Soil Properties and Qualities

Setting Harleston Landscape: Coastal Plain Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Landform: Harleston—terraces and uplands; Trebloc— Drainage class: Moderately well drained low stream terraces Permeability: Moderate Landform position: Harleston—slightly convex areas; Available water capacity: Moderate Trebloc—broad concave areas and narrow Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 2.0 drainageways to 3.0 feet from November through March Shape of areas: Long and narrow Shrink-swell potential: Low Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from January through April Composition Hazard of water erosion: None Harleston soils: 55 percent Tilth: Good Trebloc soils: 30 percent Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits Dissimilar soils: 15 percent Other distinctive properties: Few to common brittle peds in the subsoil Typical Profile Trebloc Harleston Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Surface layer: Drainage class: Poorly drained 0 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown fine sandy Permeability: Moderately slow loam Available water capacity: High

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Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 Woodland to 1.0 foot from January through April Suitability: Harleston—well suited; Trebloc—suited Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Management concerns: Harleston—plant competition; Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from January Trebloc—seedling mortality, plant competition, and through April equipment limitations Hazard of water erosion: None to slight • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Tilth: Good forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial seedling survival. deposits • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Other distinctive properties: None to many black can help to minimize plant competition. manganese concretions in the subsoil • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting Minor Components and soil compaction that occur when the soils are Dissimilar soils: saturated. • Areas of the sandier Bassfield soils in positions Wildlife habitat similar to those of the major soils • Areas of the moderately well drained Prentiss soils in Potential of the Harleston soil as habitat for: Openland the higher areas wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Stough soils wildlife—poor in the slightly higher areas Potential of the Trebloc soil as habitat for: Openland • Areas of the excessively drained Bigbee soils on wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland natural levees on flood plains wildlife—good • Areas of the well drained Jena soils on slightly Management concerns: Harleston—none; Trebloc— convex levees wetness • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Land Use vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Dominant uses: Woodland and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland wildlife. • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Cropland planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Suitability: Well suited existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and a establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning few specialty crops every three years, rotated among several small tracts Management concerns: Wetness of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse • No significant limitations affect cropland for deer and the number of seed producing plants for management. quail and turkey. • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by wetness and increases productivity. constructing shallow ponds that provide open water areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Pasture and hayland Dwellings Suitability: Well suited Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Poorly suited bahiagrass Management concerns: Wetness and flooding Management concerns: Wetness • Constructing structures on the highest part of the • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well landscape and installing a drainage system help to planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to reduce the damage from wetness. maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Septic tank absorption fields productivity. • Overgrazing and grazing when the soils are too wet Suitability: Poorly suited cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and Management concerns: Harleston—wetness; Trebloc— poor tilth. flooding, wetness, and percs slowly • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic productivity. tank absorption fields.

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• The local Health Department can be contacted for Soil Properties and Qualities additional guidance. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a Drainage class: Well drained sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table Permeability: Moderately rapid improves the septic system performance. Available water capacity: Low Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Local roads and streets Shrink-swell potential: Low Suitability: Poorly suited Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from November Management concerns: Harleston—wetness and through April flooding; Trebloc—low strength, wetness, and Hazard of water erosion: None to slight flooding Tilth: Fair • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. • Constructing roads on raised, well compacted fill Minor Components material helps to compensate for the wetness and Dissimilar soils: flooding. • Areas of the moderately well drained Prentiss soils that have a fragipan, on high knolls Interpretive Groups • Areas of the poorly drained Trebloc soils in Land capability classification: Harleston—IIw; Trebloc— drainageways IIIw • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes along Woodland ordination symbol: Harleston—9W; Trebloc— drainageways 10W Similar soils: • Areas of Cahaba soils that are in positions similar to those of the major soils and that have more clay in the LaA—Latonia loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent subsoil slopes, rarely flooded Land Use Setting Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland Other uses: Cropland Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Low stream terraces Cropland Landform position: Planar to convex slopes Suitability: Well suited Shape of areas: Oblong Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, and wheat Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Management concerns: Droughtiness • Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue Composition management, and a crop rotation that includes grasses Latonia and similar soils: 85 percent and legumes help to increase available water capacity Dissimilar soils: 15 percent and improve fertility. • Using supplemental irrigation and planting crop Typical Profile varieties that are adapted to droughty conditions help to increase crop production. Surface layer: 0 to 6 inches—dark brown loamy sand Pasture and hayland Subsurface layer: Suitability: Well suited 6 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and bahiagrass Subsoil: Management concerns: Droughtiness 10 to 18 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 18 to 37 inches—strong brown sandy loam planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Substratum: maintain the condition of the pasture and increase 37 to 58 inches—very pale brown loamy sand productivity. 58 to 65 inches—brownish yellow sand • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought-

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tolerant species help to increase productivity. LoF—Lorman silt loam, 15 to 40 percent Woodland slopes Suitability: Well suited Setting Management concerns: No significant limitations affect woodland management. Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Upland Wildlife habitat Landform position: Hillslopes Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Shape of areas: Irregular Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres poor Composition Management concerns: None • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Latonia and similar soils: 85 percent vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Dissimilar soils: 15 percent and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Typical Profile wildlife. • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Surface layer: planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Subsurface layer: establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning 3 to 8 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam every three years, rotated among several small tracts of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Subsoil: for deer and the number of seed producing plants for 8 to 14 inches—yellowish red clay that has brown quail and turkey. mottles 14 to 25 inches—yellowish red clay that has brown and Dwellings brownish gray mottles Suitability: Poorly suited 25 to 44 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that Management concerns: Cutbanks cave, droughtiness, has yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles and flooding Substratum: • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. 44 to 65 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam Support beams should be used to maintain the stability that has olive yellow mottles of the cutbanks. • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain Soil Properties and Qualities lawns during periods of low rainfall. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Constructing dwellings on elevated, well compacted Drainage class: Moderately well drained fill material helps to minimize damage from floodwater. Permeability: Very slow Septic tank absorption fields Available water capacity: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Suitability: Suited Shrink-swell potential: Very high Management concerns: Poor filter Flooding: None • Measures that improve filtering capacity should be Hazard of water erosion: Very severe considered. The soil readily absorbs, but does not Tilth: Good adequately filter, effluent. Parent material: Clayey and loamy marine sediments Local roads and streets Minor Components Suitability: Suited Dissimilar soils: Management concerns: Flooding • Areas of the less clayey, well drained McLaurin soils • Using well compacted fill material as a road base on ridges can elevate roads above flood stage. • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Susquehanna soils that have a thicker subsoil than that of the Interpretive Groups Lorman soil, on ridges and shoulders Land capability classification: IIs • Areas of soils that have a thick surface layer of sand Woodland ordination symbol: 9A over clay, on hillslopes

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• Areas of soils in narrow drainageways that are Wildlife habitat frequently flooded Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Land Use poor Dominant uses: Woodland Management concerns: Slope and erosion • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Cropland vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Suitability: Unsuited and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Commonly grown crops: None wildlife. Management concerns: Erosion • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • This map unit is severely limited as a site for crop planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the production because of the slope. existing plant cover, or promoting the natural • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning every three years, rotated among several small tracts Pasture and hayland of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Suitability: Poorly suited to pasture, unsuited to quail and turkey. hayland Commonly grown crops: None Dwellings Management concerns: Erosion Suitability: Poorly suited • This map unit is severely limited as a site for pasture Management concerns: Slope and shrink-swell and hayland because of the slope. potential • A site that has better suited soils can be • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope selected. or building in less sloping areas helps to reduce the • Application of lime, fertilizer, seed, and herbicide by hazard of erosion. hand helps to increase productivity in the steeper • Grading or land shaping prior to construction helps to areas. reduce the damage caused by surface water and helps • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the to control erosion. contour or across the slope help to control erosion and • Reinforcing foundations and footings or backfilling increase germination. with coarse textured material helps to strengthen • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well buildings and prevents the damage caused by planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to shrinking and swelling. maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Septic tank absorption fields Suitability: Poorly suited Woodland Management concerns: Percs slowly and slope Suitability: Suited • Increasing the size of the absorption field and Management concerns: Plant competition, erosion, and installing distribution lines on the contour improve equipment limitations performance of septic tank absorption fields. • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a • The local Health Department can be contacted for forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure additional guidance regarding sanitary facilities. seedling survival. Local roads and streets • Installing broad base dips, water bars, and culverts helps to stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and Suitability: Unsuited landings. Management concerns: Low strength, slope, and • Reseeding disturbed areas with adapted grasses and shrink-swell potential legumes helps to prevent erosion and siltation of • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local streams. roads and streets. • Constructing roads, fire lanes, and skid trails on the • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. contour helps to overcome limitations caused by the Interpretive Groups slope. • Cable logging helps to minimize road and trail Land capability classification: VIIe construction. Woodland ordination symbol: 8R

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LsD—Lorman-Freest-Susquehanna 51 to 60 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes yellowish brown mottles Susquehanna Setting Surface layer: Landscape: Coastal Plain 0 to 4 inches—brown fine sandy loam Landform: Uplands Subsurface layer: Landform position: Lorman—hillslopes; Freest—ridges, 4 to 7 inches—brown loam summits, and shoulders; Susquehanna—summits and ridges Subsoil: Shape of areas: Irregular 7 to 16 inches—yellowish red clay Size of areas: 50 to 600 acres 16 to 23 inches—reddish brown clay that has yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles Composition 23 to 64 inches—light gray clay that has red and Lorman and similar soils: 40 percent strong brown mottles Freest and similar soils: 40 percent 64 to 79 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong Susquehanna and similar soils: 10 percent brown mottles Dissimilar soils: 10 percent 79 to 86 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong brown and black mottles Typical Profile Soil Properties and Qualities Lorman Surface layer: Lorman 0 to 3 inches—brown silt loam Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Subsurface layer: Drainage class: Moderately well drained 3 to 8 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Subsoil: Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet 8 to 14 inches—yellowish red clay that has brown Shrink-swell potential: Very high mottles Flooding: None 14 to 25 inches—yellowish red clay that has brown and Hazard of water erosion: Severe or very severe brownish gray mottles Tilth: Good 25 to 44 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that Parent material: Clayey and loamy marine sediments has yellowish red and light brownish gray mottles Freest Substratum: 44 to 65 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches that has olive yellow mottles Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Slow Freest Available water capacity: High Surface layer: Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 0 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam to 2.5 feet from January through April Shrink-swell potential: High Subsurface layer: Flooding: None 7 to 13 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Hazard of water erosion: Moderate to severe Subsoil: Tilth: Good 13 to 20 inches—yellowish brown loam Parent material: Loamy over clayey sediments 20 to 25 inches—yellowish brown loam that has Susquehanna yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles 25 to 35 inches—brownish yellow loam that has red Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches and light brownish gray mottles Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained 35 to 43 inches—light brownish gray clay loam that Permeability: Very slow has red and brownish yellow mottles Available water capacity: High 43 to 51 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet red mottles Shrink-swell potential: High

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Flooding: None • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Hazard of water erosion: Severe forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Tilth: Good seedling survival. Parent material: Clayey marine deposits • Installing broad base dips, water bars, and culverts Other distinctive properties: Few to many fine to helps to stabilize logging roads, skid trails, and coarse, striated, grooved, and tongued landings. slickensides in the subsoil • Reseeding disturbed areas with adapted grasses and legumes helps to prevent erosion and siltation of Minor Components streams. Dissimilar soils: • Constructing roads, fire lanes, and skid trails on the • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils on ridges contour helps to overcome limitations caused by the • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils in slope. drainageways • Logging during wet periods causes rutting and • Areas of soils that have slopes of more than 15 compaction, which damages roots. percent, near the head of drains • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants can help to minimize plant competition. Land Use Wildlife habitat Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pasture and hayland Potential of the Lorman and Susquehanna soils as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Woodland Cropland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very poor Suitability: Lorman—poorly suited; Freest—suited; Potential of the Freest soil as habitat for: Openland Susquehanna—poorly suited wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland Commonly grown crops: None wildlife—poor Management concerns: Lorman and Susquehanna— Management concerns: None erosion; Freest—erosion and wetness • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of • Using a resource management system that includes vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, and rest areas that improve habitat for openland stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue wildlife. management, and a crop rotation that includes soil • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. existing plant cover, or promoting the natural • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning wetness and improves productivity in areas of the every three years, rotated among several small tracts Freest soils. of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Pasture and hayland quail and turkey. Suitability: Well suited • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Commonly grown crops: None constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Management concerns: Lorman and Susquehanna— areas for waterfowl and furbearers. erosion; Freest—erosion and wetness Dwellings • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Suitability: Poorly suited increase germination. Management concerns: Lorman—too clayey, shrink- • The slope can limit equipment use in the steeper swell potential, and slope; Freest—wetness and areas during harvesting. shrink-well potential; Susquehanna—too clayey • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet and shrink-swell potential cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and • Reinforcing foundations and footings or backfilling poor tilth. with coarse textured material helps to strengthen buildings and prevents the damage caused by Woodland shrinking and swelling. Suitability: Well • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope Management concerns: Lorman and Freest—plant or building in less sloping areas helps to reduce the competition and equipment limitations hazard of erosion.

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• Constructing structures on the highest part of the Composition landscape and installing a drainage system help to Lucedale soils: 85 percent reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Dissimilar soils: 15 percent Septic tank absorption fields Typical Profile Suitability: Poorly suited Surface layer: Management concerns: Lorman—percs slowly; 0 to 7 inches—dark brown loam Freest—wetness and percs slowly; Subsurface layer: Susquehanna—percs slowly 7 to 11 inches—dark reddish brown loam • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic tank absorption fields because of seasonal wetness Subsoil: and slow percolation. 11 to 25 inches—dark red clay loam • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter a 25 to 65 inches—dark red sandy clay loam sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table Soil Properties and Qualities improves septic system performance. • Increasing the size of the absorption field improves Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches performance. Drainage class: Well drained • Installing the distribution lines during dry periods Permeability: Moderate reduces smearing and sealing of trench walls. Available water capacity: High • Installing the distribution lines on the contour Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet improves performance of septic tank absorption fields. Shrink-swell potential: Low • The local Health Department can be contacted for Flooding: None additional guidance. Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Tilth: Good Local roads and streets Parent material: Loamy sediments Suitability: Poorly suited Minor Components Management concerns: Low-strength and shrink-swell Dissimilar soils: potential • Areas of the poorly drained Atmore soils in • Removing as much of the clay that has a high depressions on upland summits shrink-swell potential as possible and increasing the • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils on summits thickness of the base aggregate help to reduce the and ridges hazard of erosion. • Areas of the well drained Benndale soils on ridges, • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material, shoulders, and summits compacting roadbeds, and designing roads to conform to the natural slope improve soil strength. Land Use Dominant uses: Cropland Interpretive Groups Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and woodland Land capability classification: Lorman—VIe; Freest— Cropland IIIe; Susquehanna—VIe Woodland ordination symbol: Lorman—8C; Freest—9W; Suitability: Well suited Susquehanna—8C Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, wheat, and specialty crops (fig. 4) Management concerns: None LuA—Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent • No significant limitations affect cropland slopes management. Pasture and hayland Setting Suitability: Well suited Landscape: Coastal Plain Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Landform: Uplands bahiagrass Landform position: Summits Management concerns: None Shape of areas: Oblong • No significant limitations affect the management of Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres pasture and hayland.

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Figure 4.—Blueberries in an area of Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, which is well suited to specialty crops.

Woodland of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Suitability: Well suited quail and turkey. Management concerns: None • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • No significant limitations affect woodland constructing shallow ponds that provide open water management. areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Wildlife habitat Dwellings Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Suitability: Well suited Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Management concerns: None poor • No significant limitations affect dwellings. Management concerns: Droughtiness Septic tank absorption fields • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Suitability: Well suited and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Management concerns: None wildlife. • No significant limitations affect septic tank • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by absorption fields. planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Local roads and streets existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Suitability: Well suited every three years, rotated among several small tracts Management concerns: None

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• No significant limitations affect local roads and Minor Components streets. Dissimilar soils: Interpretive Groups • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils on upland ridges and shoulders Land capability classification: I • Areas of Lorman soils on hillslopes Woodland ordination symbol: 9A Land Use Dominant uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland MA—Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 Other uses: Woodland percent slopes Cropland Setting Suitability: Well suited Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and Landscape: Coastal Plain specialty crops (fig. 5) Landform: Uplands and interstream divides Management concerns: Droughtiness, wetness, and Landform position: Ridges slow permeability Shape of areas: Irregular • Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres management, and a crop rotation that includes grasses and legumes help to increase available water capacity Composition and improve fertility. Irvington soils: 85 percent • Installing a subsurface drainage system improves Dissimilar soils: 15 percent the productivity of moisture sensitive crops. • A well maintained drainage system helps to lower the Typical Profile seasonal high water table and increases the productivity of the soil. Surface layer: • Chisel plowing and subsoiling help to break through 0 to 5 inches—brown fine sandy loam hardpans, improving root penetration and increasing Subsurface layer: the rate of water infiltration. 5 to 12 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam Pasture and hayland Subsoil: Suitability: Well suited 12 to 23 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and 23 to 34 inches—yellowish brown sandy clay loam that bahiagrass has pale brown mottles Management concerns: Droughtiness, wetness, and 34 to 52 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam that slow permeability has strong brown mottles • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 52 to 82 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam that planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to has strong brown, red, and light brownish gray maintain the condition of the pasture and increase mottles productivity. • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet Soil Properties and Qualities cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and Potential rooting depth: 20 to 34 inches poor tilth. Drainage class: Moderately well drained • When seedbeds are prepared, chisel plowing and Permeability: Slow subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving Available water capacity: Low root penetration and increasing the rate of water Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.5 infiltration. to 3.0 feet from December through May Woodland Shrink-swell potential: Low Flooding: None Suitability: Suited Hazard of water erosion: None to moderate Management concerns: Equipment limitations and Tilth: Good plant competition Parent material: Loamy marine sediments • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Other distinctive properties: Fragipan at a depth of 20 forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure to 34 inches; 5 to 30 percent plinthite in the subsoil seedling survival.

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Figure 5.—An area of Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes, which is well suited to soybeans.

• Logging when the soil is saturated causes rutting and • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by compaction, which damages tree roots. constructing shallow ponds that provide open water • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants areas for waterfowl and furbearers. can help to minimize plant competition. • Grazing livestock in areas managed for woodland Dwellings reduces the value of the areas for wildlife. Suitability: Suited Wildlife habitat Management concerns: Wetness • Constructing structures on the highest part of the Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; landscape or on raised, well compacted fill material Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor and installing a drainage system help to reduce the risk Management concerns: Slow permeability of damage due to the seasonal high water table. • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Septic tank absorption fields and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Suitability: Poorly suited • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Management concerns: Wetness and percs slowly planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a existing plant cover, or promoting the natural sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning improves system performance. every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Increasing the size of the absorption field improves of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse performance. for deer and the number of seed producing plants for • Installing distribution lines during dry periods reduces quail and turkey. smearing and sealing of trench walls.

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Local roads and streets Soil Properties and Qualities Suitability: Suited McLaurin Management concerns: Wetness • Using road designs that safely remove the surface Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches runoff helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Land capability classification: IIe Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Woodland ordination symbol: 11W Shrink-swell potential: Low Flooding: None Hazard of water erosion: None to moderate MB—McLaurin and Benndale soils, 0 to 5 Tilth: Good percent slopes Parent material: Loamy sediments Benndale Setting Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Landscape: Coastal Plain Drainage class: Well drained Landform: Uplands Permeability: Moderate Landform position: Ridges, shoulders, and summits Available water capacity: Moderate Shape of areas: Irregular Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Size of areas: 50 to 600 acres Shrink-swell potential: Low Composition Flooding: None Hazard of water erosion: None to moderate McLaurin and similar soils: 45 percent Tilth: Good Benndale and similar soils: 40 percent Parent material: Loamy sediments Dissimilar soils: 15 percent Other distinctive properties: Less than 5 percent Typical Profile plinthite in the lower subsoil Minor Components McLaurin Dissimilar soils: Surface layer: • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam • Areas of the very poorly drained Dorovan soils in Subsurface layer: depressions on stream terraces and flood plains 5 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils in positions similar to those of the major soils Subsoil: • Areas of the moderately well drained Lorman soils on 10 to 14 inches—yellowish red sandy loam hillslopes 14 to 34 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on stream red mottles summits 34 to 43 inches—strong brown loamy sand • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Susquehanna 43 to 64 inches—yellowish red sandy loam soils in positions similar to those of the major soils Benndale • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes Surface layer: Similar soils: 0 to 4 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam • Areas of the well drained Smithdale soils in positions similar to those of the major soils Subsurface layer: 4 to 8 inches—grayish brown fine sandy loam Land Use Subsoil: Dominant uses: Woodland, mostly in the DeSoto 8 to 25 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam National Forest 25 to 47 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Other uses: Wildlife habitat yellowish brown mottles Cropland 47 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has light gray and brownish yellow mottles Suitability: Well suited

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Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, wheat, and Dwellings specialty crops Suitability: McLaurin—suited; Benndale—well suited Management concerns: Erosion in areas that have a Management concerns: McLaurin—cutbanks cave, slope of 3 percent or more slope, and droughtiness; Benndale—slope • A conservation tillage system increases the content • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. of organic matter and soil moisture and helps maintain Support beams should be used to maintain the stability tilth, retain plant nutrients, and control erosion. of the cutbanks. • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope Pasture and hayland helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. Suitability: Well suited • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and lawns during periods of low rainfall. bahiagrass Septic tank absorption fields Management concerns: Erosion in areas that have a slope of 3 percent or more Suitability: Well suited • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Management concerns: None planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to • No significant limitations affect septic tank maintain the condition of the pasture and increase absorption fields. productivity. • The local Health Department can be contacted for guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Woodland Local roads and streets Suitability: Well suited Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: McLaurin—equipment Management concerns: Well suited limitations; Benndale—plant competition • No significant limitations affect local roads and • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a streets. forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Interpretive Groups • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Land capability classification: IIe can help to minimize plant competition. Woodland ordination symbol: McLaurin—9A; • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment Benndale—10A during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and compaction, which damages roots.

Wildlife habitat McA—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Setting poor Management concerns: Droughtiness Landscape: Coastal Plain • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Landform: Uplands vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Shape of areas: Irregular wildlife. Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Composition existing plant cover, or promoting the natural McLaurin and similar soils: 85 percent establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Dissimilar soils: 15 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Typical Profile for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Surface layer: quail and turkey. 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Subsurface layer: areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 5 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam

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Subsoil: Management concerns: None 10 to 14 inches—yellowish red sandy loam • No significant limitations affect the management of 14 to 28 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has pasture and hayland. red mottles • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 28 to 40 inches—yellowish red sandy loam planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to 40 to 46 inches—90 percent yellowish red sandy loam maintain the condition of the pasture and increase and 10 percent brownish yellow loamy sand productivity. 46 to 60 inches—red sandy loam Woodland Soil Properties and Qualities Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Equipment limitations Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment Drainage class: Well drained during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Permeability: Moderate compaction, which damages roots. Available water capacity: Moderate Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Wildlife habitat Shrink-swell potential: Low Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Flooding: None Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Hazard of water erosion: None to moderate poor Tilth: Good Management concerns: Droughtiness Parent material: Loamy sediments • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Minor Components vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Dissimilar soils: wildlife. • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on upland • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by summits planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • Areas of the moderately well drained Savannah soils existing plant cover, or promoting the natural that have a fragipan, in positions similar to those of the establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning McLaurin soil every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse • Areas of soils in narrow drainageways for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Similar soils: quail and turkey. • Areas of the browner, well drained Benndale soils on • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by ridges and shoulders constructing shallow ponds that provide open water areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Land Use Dwellings Dominant uses: Cropland, pasture, and hayland Other uses: Woodland Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Cutbanks cave Cropland • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. Suitability: Well suited • Support beams should be used to maintain the Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, stability of the cutbanks. wheat, and specialty crops Septic tank absorption fields Management concerns: None • No significant limitations affect cropland Suitability: Well suited management. Management concerns: None • A conservation tillage system increases the content • No significant limitations affect septic tank of organic matter and soil moisture and helps maintain absorption fields. tilth, retain plant nutrients, and control erosion. • The local Health Department can be contacted for guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Pasture and hayland Local roads and streets Suitability: Well suited Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Well suited bahiagrass Management concerns: None

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• No significant limitations affect local roads and • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils in streets. positions similar to those of the McLaurin soil • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Susquehanna Interpretive Groups soils on summits and ridges Land capability classification: IIs • Areas of the moderately well drained Irvington soils Woodland ordination symbol: 9A on ridges • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes • Areas of soils in narrow drainageways McB—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Similar soils: percent slopes • Areas of the browner, well drained Benndale soils on ridges and shoulders Setting Land Use Landscape: Coastal Plain Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland Landform: Uplands Other uses: Cropland Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders Shape of areas: Irregular Cropland Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Suitability: Well suited Composition Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, wheat, and specialty crops McLaurin and similar soils: 85 percent Management concerns: Erosion Dissimilar soils: 15 percent • A conservation tillage system increases the content Typical Profile of organic matter and soil moisture and helps maintain tilth, retain plant nutrients, and control erosion. Surface layer: • This soil can develop a plow pan, which can be 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam broken up by deep plowing. Subsurface layer: • Using a resource management system that includes 5 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam terraces and diversions, stripcropping, contour tillage, no-till planting, and crop residue management helps to Subsoil: control erosion and surface runoff and maximizes the 10 to 14 inches—yellowish red sandy loam rate of water infiltration. 14 to 28 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has red mottles Pasture and hayland 28 to 40 inches—yellowish red sandy loam Suitability: Well suited 40 to 46 inches—90 percent yellowish red sandy loam Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and and 10 percent brownish yellow loamy sand bahiagrass 46 to 60 inches—red sandy loam Management concerns: Erosion • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Soil Properties and Qualities planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Drainage class: Well drained productivity. Permeability: Moderate • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the Available water capacity: Moderate contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet increase germination. Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland Flooding: None Hazard of water erosion: Moderate Suitability: Well suited Tilth: Good Management concerns: Equipment limitations Parent material: Loamy sediments • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Minor Components compaction, which damages roots. Dissimilar soils: Wildlife habitat • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on upland summits Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good;

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Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres poor Composition Management concerns: Droughtiness • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of McLaurin and similar soils: 85 percent vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Dissimilar soils: 15 percent and rest areas that improve habitat for openland wildlife. Typical Profile • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Surface layer: planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Subsurface layer: every three years, rotated among several small tracts 5 to 10 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Subsoil: for deer and the number of seed producing plants for 10 to 14 inches—yellowish red sandy loam quail and turkey. 14 to 28 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by red mottles constructing shallow ponds that provide open water 28 to 40 inches—yellowish red sandy loam areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 40 to 46 inches—90 percent yellowish red sandy loam Dwellings and 10 percent brownish yellow loamy sand 46 to 60 inches—red sandy loam Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Cutbanks cave Soil Properties and Qualities • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. Support beams should be used to maintain the stability Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches of the cutbanks. Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Septic tank absorption fields Available water capacity: Moderate Suitability: Well suited Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Management concerns: None Shrink-swell potential: Low • No significant limitations affect septic tank Flooding: None absorption fields. Hazard of water erosion: Severe • The local Health Department can be contacted for Tilth: Good guidance regarding sanitary facilities. Parent material: Loamy sediments Local roads and streets Minor Components Suitability: Well suited Dissimilar soils: Management concerns: None • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on upland • No significant limitations affect local roads and summits streets. • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils in Interpretive Groups positions similar to those of the McLaurin soil • Areas of the moderately well drained Lorman soils on Land capability classification: IIe hillslopes Woodland ordination symbol: 9A • Areas of soils that have short, steep slopes • Areas of soils in narrow drainageways McC—McLaurin fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 Similar soils: percent slopes • Areas of the browner, well drained Benndale soils on ridges and shoulders • Areas of the well drained Smithdale soils on Setting hillslopes Landscape: Coastal Plain Land Use Landform: Uplands Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland Shape of areas: Irregular Other uses: Cropland

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Cropland of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Suitability: Suited quail and turkey. Commonly grown crops: Corn, soybeans, and truck • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by crops constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Management concerns: Erosion areas for waterfowl and furbearers. • A conservation tillage system increases the content of organic matter and soil moisture and helps maintain Dwellings tilth, retain plant nutrients, and control erosion. • This soil can develop a plow pan, which can be Suitability: Suited broken up by deep plowing. Management concerns: Cutbanks cave and slope • Using a resource management system that includes • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. stripcropping, contour tillage, crop residue • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. management, and a crop rotation that includes soil Support beams should be used to maintain the stability conserving crops helps to control erosion and of the cutbanks. surface runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. Septic tank absorption fields Suitability: Well suited Pasture and hayland Management concerns: None Suitability: Well suited • No significant limitations affect septic tank Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and absorption fields. bahiagrass • The local Health Department can be contacted for Management concerns: Erosion guidance regarding sanitary facilities. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Local roads and streets maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Suitability: Well suited productivity. Management concerns: None • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the • No significant limitations affect local roads and contour or across the slope help to control erosion and streets. increase germination. Interpretive Groups Woodland Land capability classification: IIIe Suitability: Well suited Woodland ordination symbol: 9A Management concerns: Equipment limitations • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Oa—Ouachita-Jena complex, 0 to 1 compaction, which damages roots. percent slopes, frequently flooded Wildlife habitat Setting Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Landscape: Coastal Plain Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Landform: Flood plains poor Landform position: Ouachita—between natural levees Management concerns: Droughtiness and uplands or stream escarpments; Jena— • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of slightly convex natural levees vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Shape of areas: Long and narrow and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Size of areas: 50 to 600 acres wildlife. • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Composition planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Ouachita soils: 50 percent establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Jena soils: 35 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

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Typical Profile Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Tilth: Good Ouachita Parent material: Loamy alluvium Surface layer: Minor Components 0 to 6 inches—brown silt loam Dissimilar soils: Subsurface layer: • Areas of the excessively drained Bigbee soils on 6 to 12 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam natural levees • Areas of the well drained Cahaba soils on convex Subsoil: parts of stream terraces and terrace scarps 12 to 41 inches—yellowish brown silt loam • Areas of the very poorly drained Croatan and 41 to 57 inches—yellowish brown silt loam that has Dorovan soils in depressions on flood plains and light grayish brown mottles stream terraces Substratum: • Areas of soils that have thin deposits of sand on the 57 to 74 inches—yellowish brown very fine sandy loam surface 74 to 82 inches—yellowish brown very fine sandy loam Land Use that has light gray mottles Dominant uses: Woodland Jena Other uses: Pasture, hayland, and wildlife habitat Surface layer: Cropland 0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Suitability: Ouachita—poorly suited; Jena—unsuited Subsoil: Commonly grown crops: Soybeans, corn, grain 3 to 13 inches—brown silt loam sorghum, and wheat 13 to 38 inches—dark yellowish brown silt loam Management concerns: Flooding Substratum: • Areas of the Jena soil are severely limited as sites 38 to 48 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam for crop production because of the flooding. 48 to 62 inches—light yellowish brown sandy loam • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. • This map unit is difficult to manage for cropland Soil Properties and Qualities because of the hazard of flooding during the growing season. Ouachita Pasture and hayland Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Suitability: Suited to pasture, poorly suited to hayland Drainage class: Well drained Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass and common Permeability: Moderate bermudagrass Available water capacity: High Management concerns: Flooding Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet • Harvesting as soon as possible reduces the risk of Shrink-swell potential: Low damage from flooding. Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods from December • Although most flooding occurs during the winter, through May livestock and hay crops may be damaged any time of Hazard of water erosion: None to slight the year. Tilth: Good • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize Parent material: Loamy alluvium productivity. • Overgrazing and grazing when the soils are too wet Jena cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches poor tilth. Drainage class: Well drained Woodland Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Suitability: Well suited Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Management concerns: Ouachita—seedling mortality Shrink-swell potential: Low and plant competition; Jena—seedling mortality, Flooding: Frequent, for brief periods from December plant competition, and equipment limitations through May • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a

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forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Interpretive Groups seedling survival. Land capability classification: Ouachita—IVw; Jena— • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Vw can help to minimize plant competition. Woodland ordination symbol: 11W • Harvesting timber during the summer helps to reduce the risk of damage from flooding.

Wildlife habitat Ph—Pits-Udorthents complex Potential of the Ouachita soil as habitat for: Openland Setting wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—fair Landscape: Coastal Plain Potential of the Jena soil as habitat for: Openland Shape of areas: Irregular wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland Size of areas: 3 to 20 acres wildlife—poor Management concerns: Flooding This miscellaneous area consists of gravel pits, • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of sand pits, and piles of spoil material. These areas are vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food scattered throughout the county. Gravel pits, sand pits, and rest areas that improve habitat for openland and borrow pits are areas where Bigbee, Cahaba, wildlife. Latonia, McLaurin, Heidel, and Smithdale soils have • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by been removed to depths ranging to more than 25 feet. planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Pits make up 50 percent of the map unit. Some existing plant cover, or promoting the natural abandoned pits are reverting to natural vegetation, establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning such as briars, broomsedge, and stunted, scraggly every three years, rotated among several small tracts pine trees. These areas could be reclaimed with proper of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse preparation. A few areas contain a good stand of pine for deer and the number of seed producing plants for trees. Pits that have a clay floor are intermittently quail and turkey. ponded. The water is habitat for aquatic creatures. In • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by areas where the ponds are shallow, mosquitoes breed. constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Udorthents make up about 40 percent of the map areas for waterfowl and furbearers. unit. Typically, they consist of piles of spoil material of varying depth and composition. The areas are so Dwellings disturbed that soil horizons are destroyed beyond recognition. Suitability: Unsuited In some of the larger pits, the soil material supports Management concerns: Ouachita—flooding; Jena— low-value grass and trees. Most of this vegetation cutbanks cave and flooding helps control erosion and provides cover for wildlife, • This map unit is severely limited as a site for including nesting sites for songbirds. Many areas are dwellings because of the frequent flooding. bare of vegetation. Pits are not suited to crops, • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. pasture, grasses, legumes, or commercial trees. They have moderate to severe limitations for most urban Septic tank absorption fields uses, including landfills. Although many areas are used Suitability: Unsuited for waste disposal, rapid permeability in the gravely Management concerns: Flooding and sandy underlying material causes a hazard of • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic contamination to ground water and nearby streams. tank absorption fields because of the frequent flooding. Minor Components • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Dissimilar soils: Local roads and streets • Small areas of Benndale, Bigbee, Heidel, McLaurin, Suitability: Unsuited and Smithdale soils Management concerns: Flooding Interpretive Groups • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local roads and streets because of the frequent flooding. Land capability classification: VIIIs • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Woodland ordination symbol: None assigned

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PrA—Prentiss fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Land Use percent slopes Dominant uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland Other uses: Woodland Setting Cropland Landscape: Coastal Plain Suitability: Well suited Landform: Uplands Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, Landform position: Ridgetops wheat, and specialty crops Shape of areas: Irregular Management concerns: Root penetration and wetness Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize wetness and increases productivity. Composition • Chisel plowing and subsoiling help to break through Prentiss soils: 85 percent hardpans, improving root penetration and increasing Dissimilar soils: 15 percent the rate of water infiltration. Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Suitability: Well suited Surface layer: Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and 0 to 6 inches—brown fine sandy loam bahiagrass Subsoil: Management concerns: Root penetration and wetness 6 to 19 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well strong brown mottles planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to 19 to 27 inches—mottled yellowish brown sandy loam maintain the condition of the pasture and increase 27 to 33 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has productivity. pale brown and light brownish gray mottles • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet 33 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and strong brown and light brownish gray mottles poor tilth. • When seedbeds are prepared, chisel plowing and Soil Properties and Qualities subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving Potential rooting depth: 20 to 32 inches root penetration and increasing the rate of water Drainage class: Moderately well drained infiltration. Permeability: Moderately slow Woodland Available water capacity: Moderate Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2.0 Suitability: Well suited to 2.5 feet from January through March Management concerns: Plant competition Shrink-swell potential: Low • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Flooding: None forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Hazard of water erosion: None to slight seedling survival. Tilth: Good • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Parent material: Loamy sediments can help to minimize plant competition. Other distinctive properties: Fragipan at a depth of 20 Wildlife habitat to 32 inches Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Minor Components Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor Dissimilar soils: Management concerns: Wetness • Areas of the well drained Latonia soils that do not • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of have a fragipan, in positions similar to those of the vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Prentiss soil and rest areas that improve habitat for openland • Areas of the well drained Quitman soils in the lower wildlife. positions • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Stough soils planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the in positions similar to those of the Prentiss soil existing plant cover, or promoting the natural • Areas of the poorly drained Trebloc soils in establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning depressions on stream terraces every three years, rotated among several small tracts

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of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Subsoil: for deer and the number of seed producing plants for 6 to 19 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has quail and turkey. strong brown mottles • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 19 to 27 inches—mottled yellowish brown sandy loam constructing shallow ponds that provide open water 27 to 33 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has areas for waterfowl and furbearers. pale brown and light brownish gray mottles 33 to 68 inches—yellowish brown sandy loam that has Dwellings strong brown and light brownish gray mottles Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Wetness Soil Properties and Qualities • Constructing structures on the highest part of the Potential rooting depth: 20 to 32 inches landscape and installing a drainage system help to Drainage class: Moderately well drained reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Permeability: Moderately slow Septic tank absorption fields Available water capacity: Moderate Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 2.0 Suitability: Unsuited to 2.5 feet from January through March Management concerns: Wetness and percs slow Shrink-swell potential: Low • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic Flooding: None tank absorption fields because of the high water table Hazard of water erosion: Moderate from January through March and the moderately slow Tilth: Good permeability. Parent material: Loamy sediments • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Other distinctive properties: Fragipan at a depth of 20 • Accessing public sewage system outlets eliminates to 32 inches the need to use this soil as a site for septic tank systems. Minor Components Local roads and streets Dissimilar soils: Suitability: Suited • Areas of the well drained Latonia soils that do not Management concerns: Wetness have a fragipan, in positions similar to those of the • Using road designs that safely remove surface runoff Prentiss soil helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Stough soils in positions similar to those of the Prentiss soil Interpretive Groups • Areas of the poorly drained Trebloc soils in Land capability classification: IIw depressions on stream terraces Woodland ordination symbol: 9W Land Use PrB—Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Dominant uses: Pasture, hayland, and woodland percent slopes Other uses: Cropland Cropland Setting Suitability: Well suited Landscape: Coastal Plain Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, Landform: Uplands wheat, and specialty crops (fig. 6) Landform position: Ridgetops and hillsides Management concerns: Erosion, root penetration, and Shape of areas: Irregular wetness Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres • Using a resource management system that includes terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, Composition stripcropping, contour tillage, crop residue Prentiss soils: 85 percent management, and a crop rotation that includes soil Dissimilar soils: 15 percent conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. Typical Profile • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize Surface layer: wetness and increases productivity. 0 to 6 inches—brown fine sandy loam • Chisel plowing and subsoiling help to break through

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Figure 6.—Cotton in an area of Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. hardpans, improving root penetration and increasing Woodland the rate of water infiltration. Suitability: Well suited Management concerns: Plant competition Pasture and hayland • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Suitability: Well suited forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and seedling survival. bahiagrass • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Management concerns: Erosion, root penetration, and can help to minimize plant competition. wetness Wildlife habitat • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; increase germination. Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Management concerns: Erosion planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of maintain the condition of the pasture and increase vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food productivity. and rest areas that improve habitat for openland • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet wildlife. cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by poor tilth. planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the • When seedbeds are prepared, chisel plowing and existing plant cover, or promoting the natural subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning root penetration and increasing the rate of water every three years, rotated among several small tracts infiltration. of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse

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for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Typical Profile quail and turkey. Surface layer: • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam constructing shallow ponds that provide open water areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Subsurface layer: 5 to 10 inches—brown fine sandy loam Dwellings Subsoil: Suitability: Suited 10 to 17 inches—yellowish brown clay loam Management concerns: Wetness 17 to 28 inches—yellowish brown loam • Constructing structures on the highest part of the 28 to 41 inches—yellowish brown loam that has brown landscape and installing a drainage system help to and light brownish gray mottles reduce the risk of damage from wetness. 41 to 60 inches—yellowish brown clay loam that has • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain strong brown, red, and light brownish gray mottles lawns during periods of low rainfall. Soil Properties and Qualities Septic tank absorption fields Potential rooting depth: 20 to 38 inches Suitability: Unsuited Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management concerns: Wetness and moderately slow Permeability: Moderately slow permeability Available water capacity: Moderate • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.5 tank absorption fields because of the high water table to 3.0 feet from January through March from January through March and the moderately slow Shrink-swell potential: Low permeability. Flooding: None • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Hazard of water erosion: Moderate • Accessing public sewage system outlets eliminates Tilth: Good the need to use this soil as a site for septic tank Parent material: Loamy sediments systems. Other distinctive properties: Fragipan at a depth of 20 Local roads and streets to 38 inches Suitability: Suited Minor Components Management concerns: Wetness Dissimilar soils: • Using road designs that safely remove surface runoff • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils on helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. ridges and shoulders Interpretive Groups • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils on ridges and summits Land capability classification: IIe • Areas of the well drained Smithdale soils on Woodland ordination symbol: 9W hillslopes Land Use SaB—Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Dominant uses: Pasture, hayland, and cropland percent slopes Other uses: Woodland Cropland Setting Suitability: Well suited Landscape: Coastal Plain Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, Landform: Uplands wheat, and specialty crops Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders Management concerns: Root penetration, erosion, and Shape of areas: Irregular wetness Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres • Using a resource management system that includes terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, Composition stripcropping, contour tillage, crop residue Savannah soils: 85 percent management, and a crop rotation that includes soil Dissimilar soils: 15 percent conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface

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Figure 7.—An area of Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, which is well suited to pasture. runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. root penetration and increasing the rate of water • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize infiltration. wetness and increases productivity. • Chisel plowing and subsoiling help to break through Woodland hardpans, improving root penetration and increasing Suitability: Well suited the rate of water infiltration. Management concerns: Equipment limitations and Pasture and hayland plant competition • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Suitability: Well suited (fig. 7) forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and seedling survival. bahiagrass • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Management concerns: Root penetration, erosion, and can help to minimize plant competition. wetness • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting contour or across the slope help to control erosion and and soil compaction that occur when the soil is increase germination. saturated. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Wildlife habitat maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and poor poor tilth. Management concerns: Wetness • When seedbeds are prepared, chisel plowing and • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food

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and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Landform position: Hillslopes wildlife. Shape of areas: Irregular • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Size of areas: 10 to 500 acres planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Composition existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Smithdale and similar soils: 85 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts Dissimilar soils: 15 percent of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Typical Profile for deer and the number of seed producing plants for quail and turkey. Surface layer: • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Subsurface layer: areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 6 to 13 inches—light yellowish brown sandy loam Dwellings Subsoil: Suitability: Suited 13 to 33 inches—red sandy clay loam Management concerns: Wetness 33 to 65 inches—red sandy loam • Constructing structures on the highest part of the Soil Properties and Qualities landscape and installing a drainage system help to reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain Drainage class: Well drained lawns during periods of low rainfall. Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Septic tank absorption fields Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Suitability: Unsuited Shrink-swell potential: Low Management concerns: Wetness and moderately slow Flooding: None permeability Hazard of water erosion: Severe or very severe • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic Tilth: Good tank absorption fields because of the high water table Parent material: Loamy sediments from January through March and the moderately slow Minor Components permeability. • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. Dissimilar soils: • Accessing public sewage system outlets eliminates • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb on flood plains the need to use this soil as a site for septic tank along streams systems. • Areas of the poorly drained Trebloc soils in broad concave areas and narrow drainageways Local roads and streets • Areas of the moderately well drained Savannah soils Suitability: Suited on ridges and shoulders Management concerns: Low strength and wetness • Areas of the well drained Lucedale soils on summits • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material Similar soils: and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. • Areas of the well drained Benndale soils on ridges • Using road designs that safely remove surface runoff and shoulders helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. • Areas of the well drained McLaurin soils on ridges, Interpretive Groups summits, and shoulders • Areas of the well drained Heidel soils in positions Land capability classification: IIe similar to those of the Smithdale soil Woodland ordination symbol: 9W Land Use SmE—Smithdale fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 Dominant uses: Woodland percent slopes Other uses: Pasture Setting Cropland Landscape: Coastal Plain Suitability: Poorly suited Landform: Uplands Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, and soybeans

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Management concerns: Erosion • Grading or land shaping prior to construction helps to • Using a resource management system that includes reduce the damage caused by surface water and helps terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, to control erosion. stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope management, and a crop rotation that includes soil helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface • Vegetating cleared and graded areas as soon as runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. possible and installing silt fences help to maintain soil stability and prevent sediments from leaving the site. Pasture and hayland Septic tank absorption fields Suitability: Well suited to pasture, suited to hayland Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Suited bahiagrass Management concerns: Slope Management concerns: Erosion • Installing distribution lines on the contour improves • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the performance. contour or across the slope help to control erosion and • The local Health Department can be contacted for increase germination. additional guidance regarding sanitary facilities. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well Local roads and streets planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to maintain the condition of the pasture and increase Suitability: Suited productivity. Management concerns: Slope • The slope can limit equipment use in the steeper • Designing roads on the contour and providing areas during harvesting. adequate water-control structures, such as culverts, help to maintain road stability. Woodland Interpretive Groups Suitability: Well Management concerns: None Land capability classification: IVe • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Woodland ordination symbol: 9A forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. Wildlife habitat SoA—Stough fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very Setting poor Management concerns: Erosion Landscape: Coastal Plain • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Landform: Terraces vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Landform position: Nearly level areas and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Shape of areas: Long and narrow wildlife. Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Composition existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Stough soils: 85 percent establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Dissimilar soils: 15 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Typical Profile for deer and the number of seed producing plants for quail and turkey. Surface layer: • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by 0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Subsurface layer: areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 6 to 13 inches—pale brown fine sandy loam Dwellings Subsoil: Suitability: Suited 13 to 25 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has Management concerns: Slope yellowish brown and light brownish gray mottles

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25 to 37 inches—mottled yellowish brown, light Management concerns: Wetness and root penetration brownish gray, and dark yellowish brown loam • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 37 to 65 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to light brownish gray mottles maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Soil Properties and Qualities • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet Potential rooting depth: 9 to 26 inches cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained poor tilth. Permeability: Moderately slow • When seedbeds are prepared, chisel plowing and Available water capacity: Low subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.0 root penetration and increasing the rate of water to 1.5 feet from January through April infiltration. Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from January through April Suitability: Suited Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Management concerns: Plant competition and Tilth: Good equipment limitations Parent material: Loamy sediments • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Other distinctive properties: Fragipan at a depth of 9 to forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure 26 inches seedling survival. • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Minor Components can help to minimize plant competition. Dissimilar soils: • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting • Areas of the moderately well drained Prentiss soils in and soil compaction that occur when the soil is positions similar to those of the Stough soil saturated. • Areas of the poorly drained Trebloc soils in depressions on stream terraces Wildlife habitat Land Use Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—fair Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland Management concerns: Wetness Other uses: Cropland • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Cropland vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Suitability: Well suited wildlife. Commonly grown crops: Cotton, corn, soybeans, and • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by wheat planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Management concerns: Wetness and root penetration existing plant cover, or promoting the natural • Using a resource management system that includes establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, every three years, rotated among several small tracts stripcropping, contour tillage, crop residue of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse management, and a crop rotation that includes soil for deer and the number of seed producing plants for conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface quail and turkey. runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize constructing shallow ponds that provide open water wetness and increases productivity. areas for waterfowl and furbearers. • Chisel plowing and subsoiling help to break through hardpans, improving root penetration and increasing Dwellings the rate of water infiltration. Suitability: Poorly suited Pasture and hayland Management concerns: Wetness and flooding Suitability: Well suited • Constructing dwellings on raised, compacted fill Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and material helps to reduce the risk of damage from bahiagrass wetness.

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Septic tank absorption fields Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Permeability: Very slow Suitability: Unsuited Available water capacity: High Management concerns: Wetness and percs slow Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a Shrink-swell potential: High sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table Flooding: None improves septic system performance. Hazard of water erosion: Moderate Local roads and streets Tilth: Good Parent material: Clayey marine and stream deposits Suitability: Suited Other distinctive properties: Few to many fine to Management concerns: Wetness and flooding coarse, striated, grooved, and tongued • Using road designs that safely remove surface runoff slickensides in the subsoil helps to reduce the hazard of erosion. • Using well compacted fill material as a road base Minor Components can help elevate roads above flood stage. Dissimilar soils: Interpretive Groups • Areas of the well drained Benndale soils on ridges Land capability classification: IIw • Areas of the moderately well drained Freest soils in Woodland ordination symbol: 9W positions similar to those of the Susquehanna soil • Areas of the less developed, moderately well drained Lorman soils on hillslopes SsB—Susquehanna fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland Setting Other uses: Cropland Landscape: Coastal Plain Cropland Landform: Uplands Landform position: Summits and ridges Suitability: Suited Shape of areas: Irregular Commonly grown crops: Soybeans and wheat Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres Management concerns: Erosion • Using a resource management system that includes Composition terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, Susquehanna soils: 85 percent stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue Dissimilar soils: 15 percent management, and a crop rotation that includes soil conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface Typical Profile runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. Surface layer: • This soil can develop a plow pan, which can be 0 to 4 inches—brown fine sandy loam broken up by deep plowing. Subsurface layer: Pasture and hayland 4 to 7 inches—brown loam Suitability: Well suited Subsoil: Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass 7 to 16 inches—yellowish red clay Management concerns: Erosion 16 to 23 inches—reddish brown clay that has yellowish • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the red and light brownish gray mottles contour or across the slope help to control erosion and 23 to 64 inches—light gray clay that has red and increase germination. strong brown mottles • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet 64 to 79 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and brown mottles poor tilth. 79 to 86 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong Woodland brown and black mottles Suitability: Well suited Soil Properties and Qualities Management concerns: Equipment limitations Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a

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forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Interpretive Groups seedling survival. Land capability classification: IVe • Logging during wet periods causes rutting and Woodland ordination symbol: 8C compaction, which damages tree roots.

Wildlife habitat ST—Susquehanna and Freest soils, 2 to 5 Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—good; percent slopes Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—very poor Setting Management concerns: Erosion Landscape: Coastal Plain • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Landform: Uplands vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Shape of areas: Irregular wildlife. Size of areas: 10 to 400 acres • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Composition existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Susquehanna soils: 50 percent establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Freest soils: 35 percent every three years, rotated among several small tracts Dissimilar soils: 15 percent of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Typical Profile quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Susquehanna constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Surface layer: areas for waterfowl and furbearers. 0 to 4 inches—brown fine sandy loam Dwellings Subsurface layer: 4 to 7 inches—brown loam Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Too clayey and shrink-swell Subsoil: potential 7 to 16 inches—yellowish red clay • Reinforcing foundations and footings or backfilling 16 to 23 inches—reddish brown clay that has yellowish with coarse textured material helps to strengthen red and light brownish gray mottles buildings and prevents the damage caused by 23 to 64 inches—light gray clay that has red and shrinking and swelling. strong brown mottles 64 to 79 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong Septic tank absorption fields brown mottles Suitability: Poorly suited 79 to 86 inches—light gray silty clay that has strong Management concerns: Percs slowly brown and black mottles • Increasing the size of the absorption field improves Freest performance. • Installing distribution lines during dry periods reduces Surface layer: smearing and sealing of trench walls. 0 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Local roads and streets Subsurface layer: 7 to 13 inches—yellowish brown fine sandy loam Suitability: Poorly suited Management concerns: Low strength and shrink-swell Subsoil: potential 13 to 20 inches—yellowish brown loam • Removing as much of the clay that has a high 20 to 25 inches—yellowish brown loam that has shrink-swell potential as possible and increasing the yellowish red and yellowish brown mottles thickness of the base aggregate help to reduce the 25 to 35 inches—brownish yellow loam that has red hazard of erosion. and light brownish gray mottles • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material 35 to 43 inches—light brownish gray clay loam that and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. has red and brownish yellow mottles

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43 to 51 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has • Using a resource management system that includes red mottles terraces and diversions, conservation tillage, 51 to 60 inches—light brownish gray silty clay that has stripcropping, contour farming, crop residue yellowish brown mottles management, and a crop rotation that includes soil conserving crops helps to control erosion and surface Soil Properties and Qualities runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize Susquehanna wetness and improves productivity in areas of the Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Freest soil. Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Permeability: Very slow Pasture and hayland Available water capacity: High Suitability: Well suited Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Commonly grown crops: Bahiagrass Shrink-swell potential: High Management concerns: Susquehanna—erosion; Flooding: None Freest—wetness Hazard of water erosion: Moderate • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the Tilth: Good contour or across the slope help to control erosion and Parent material: Clayey marine and stream deposits increase germination. Other distinctive properties: Few to many fine to • Overgrazing and grazing when the soils are too wet coarse, striated, grooved, and tongued cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and slickensides in the subsoil poor tilth. Freest Woodland Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Drainage class: Moderately well drained Suitability: Well suited Permeability: Moderately slow Management concerns: Susquehanna—equipment Available water capacity: High limitations; Freest—equipment limitations and plant Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 1.5 competition to 2.5 feet from January through April • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Shrink-swell potential: High forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Flooding: None seedling survival. Hazard of water erosion: Moderate to severe • Logging during wet periods causes rutting and Tilth: Good compaction, which damages tree roots. Parent material: Loamy over clayey sediments • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants can help to minimize plant competition. Minor Components Wildlife habitat Dissimilar soils: • Areas of the very poorly drained Croatan and Potential of the Susquehanna soil as habitat for: Dorovan soils in depressions on flood plains and Openland wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; stream terraces Wetland wildlife—very poor • Areas of the moderately well drained Irvington soils Potential of the Freest soil as habitat for: Openland on ridges wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland wildlife—poor Land Use Management concerns: Susquehanna—erosion; Dominant uses: Woodland, mostly in the DeSoto Freest—wetness National Forest • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of Other uses: Wildlife habitat vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Cropland wildlife. Suitability: Susquehanna—poorly suited; Freest— • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by suited planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Commonly grown crops: None existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Management concerns: Susquehanna—erosion; establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Freest—wetness every three years, rotated among several small tracts

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of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Woodland ordination symbol: Susquehanna—8C; for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Freest—9W quail and turkey. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Tr—Trebloc silt loam, 0 to 1 percent areas for waterfowl and furbearers. slopes, frequently flooded

Dwellings Setting Suitability: Suited Landscape: Coastal Plain Management concerns: Susquehanna—too clayey and Landform: Low stream terraces shrink-swell potential; Freest—wetness and shrink- Landform position: Broad concave areas and narrow swell potential drainageways • Reinforcing foundations and footings or backfilling Shape of areas: Long and narrow with coarse textured material helps to strengthen Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres buildings and prevents the damage caused by Composition shrinking and swelling. • Constructing structures on the highest part of the Trebloc soils: 85 percent landscape and installing a drainage system help to Dissimilar soils: 15 percent reduce the risk of damage from wetness. Typical Profile Septic tank absorption fields Surface layer: 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Suitability: Poorly suited Management concerns: Susquehanna—percs slowly; Subsurface layer: Freest—wetness and percs slowly 5 to 8 inches—grayish brown silt loam • Increasing the size of the absorption field improves Subsoil: performance. 8 to 20 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam that • Installing the distribution lines during dry periods has yellowish brown mottles reduces smearing and sealing of trench walls. 20 to 33 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that • Installing the distribution lines on the contour has yellowish brown mottles improves performance of septic tank absorption 33 to 48 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has fields. yellowish brown mottles • Areas of the Freest soil are severely limited as a site 48 to 60 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has for septic tank absorption fields because of the brownish yellow mottles seasonal high water table. • The local Health Department can be contacted for Soil Properties and Qualities additional guidance. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Local roads and streets Drainage class: Poorly drained Permeability: Moderately slow Suitability: Poorly suited Available water capacity: High Management concerns: Susquehanna—low strength Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 and shrink-swell potential; Freest—shrink-swell to 1.0 foot from January through April potential and low strength Shrink-swell potential: Moderate • Removing as much of the clay that has a high Flooding: Frequent, for very brief periods from January shrink-swell potential as possible and increasing the through April thickness of the base aggregate help to reduce the Hazard of water erosion: None to slight hazard of erosion. Tilth: Good • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material, Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial compacting roadbeds, and designing roads to conform deposits to the natural slope improve soil strength. Minor Components Interpretive Groups Dissimilar soils: Land capability classification: Susquehanna—IVe; • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils on flood plains Freest—IIe along streams

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• Areas of the well drained Latonia soils Wildlife habitat • Areas of the moderately well drained Prentiss soils Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; that have a fragipan, in the higher positions Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland wildlife—good • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Stough soils Management concerns: Flooding, poorly drained soils, in the slightly higher positions and seasonal high water table • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Quitman soils • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of in positions similar to those of the Trebloc soil vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Land Use wildlife. Dominant uses: Woodland, pasture, and hayland • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Cropland existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Suitability: Unsuited establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Commonly grown crops: None every three years, rotated among several small tracts Management concerns: Wetness and flooding of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse • This map unit is severely limited as a site for crop for deer and the number of seed producing plants for production. quail and turkey. • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by constructing shallow ponds that provide open water Pasture and hayland areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Suitability: Suited to pasture, poorly suited to hayland Dwellings Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Suitability: Unsuited bahiagrass Management concerns: Wetness and flooding Management concerns: Wetness and flooding • This map unit is severely limited as a site for • Harvesting as soon as possible reduces the risk of dwellings because of the high water table and the damage from flooding. frequent flooding. • Although most flooding occurs during the winter, • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. livestock and hay may be damaged any time of the year. Septic tank absorption fields • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize productivity. Suitability: Unsuited • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet Management concerns: Flooding, wetness, and percs cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and slowly poor tilth. • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well tank absorption fields because of the seasonal high planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to water table, the frequent flooding, and the moderately maintain the condition of the pasture and increase slow permeability. productivity. • The local Health Department can be contacted for additional guidance. Woodland Local roads and streets Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Seedling mortality, plant Suitability: Unsuited competition, and equipment limitations Management concerns: Low strength, wetness, and • Planting species that are appropriate for a poorly flooding drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to • This map unit is severely limited as a site for local maximize productivity and to ensure seedling survival. roads and streets because of the high water table and • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked the frequent flooding. equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting • A site that has better suited soils can be selected. and soil compaction that occur when the soil is Interpretive Groups saturated. • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants Land capability classification: Vw can help to minimize plant competition. Woodland ordination symbol: 10W

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Ts—Trebloc-Quitman complex, 0 to 2 Soil Properties and Qualities percent slopes, rarely flooded Trebloc Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Setting Drainage class: Poorly drained Landscape: Coastal Plain Permeability: Moderately slow Landform: Low stream terraces Available water capacity: High Landform position: Broad concave areas and narrow Seasonal high water table: Apparent, at a depth of 0.5 drainageways to 1.0 foot from January through April Shape of areas: Long and narrow Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres Flooding: Rare, for very brief periods from January through April Composition Hazard of water erosion: None to slight Tilth: Good Trebloc soils: 55 percent Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial Quitman soils: 30 percent deposits Dissimilar soils: 15 percent Quitman Typical Profile Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches Trebloc Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Permeability: Moderately slow Surface layer: Available water capacity: Moderate 0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown silt loam Seasonal high water table: Perched, at a depth of 1.5 Subsurface layer: to 2.0 feet from January through March 5 to 8 inches—grayish brown silt loam Shrink-swell potential: Low Flooding: Rare, for very brief and brief periods from Subsoil: December through May 8 to 20 inches—light brownish gray silty clay loam that Hazard of water erosion: None to slight has yellowish brown mottles Tilth: Good 20 to 33 inches—grayish brown silty clay loam that Parent material: Loamy marine or fluvial sediments has yellowish brown mottles 33 to 48 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has Minor Components yellowish brown mottles 48 to 62 inches—grayish brown silty clay that has Dissimilar soils: brownish yellow mottles • Areas of the poorly drained Bibb soils in positions similar to those of the major soils Quitman • Areas of the somewhat poorly drained Stough soils on the slightly higher stream terraces Surface layer: • Areas of the moderately well drained Prentiss soils 0 to 5 inches—very dark gray fine sandy loam that have a fragipan, on the higher stream terraces Subsurface layer: 5 to 13 inches—brown fine sandy loam Land Use Subsoil: Dominant uses: Woodland 13 to 19 inches—yellowish brown loam that has Other uses: Pasture and hayland yellowish brown mottles Cropland 19 to 27 inches—light yellowish brown loam that has yellowish brown, yellowish red, and light brownish Suitability: Well suited gray mottles Commonly grown crops: None 27 to 38 inches—light brownish gray loam that Management concerns: Wetness has yellowish brown and yellowish red • A well maintained drainage system helps to minimize mottles wetness and increases productivity. 38 to 60 inches—light brownish gray clay loam Pasture and hayland that has yellowish brown and yellowish red mottles Suitability: Well suited

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Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Dwellings bahiagrass Suitability: Poorly suited Management concerns: Wetness Management concerns: Wetness and flooding • Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet • This map unit is severely limited as a site for cause soil compaction, decreased productivity, and dwellings because of the high water table and the poor tilth. flooding. • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well • Constructing dwellings on raised, well compacted fill planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to material helps to reduce the risk of damage from maintain the condition of the pasture and increase wetness and flooding. yields. • Installing a subsurface drainage system helps to • Artificial drainage may be needed to maximize lower the seasonal high water table. productivity. Septic tank absorption fields Woodland Suitability: Poorly suited Suitability: Trebloc—suited; Quitman—well suited Management concerns: Wetness and percs slowly Management concerns: Trebloc—seedling mortality, • This map unit is severely limited as a site for septic plant competition, and equipment limitations; tank absorption fields because of the high water table Quitman—equipment limitations and plant and the moderately slow permeability. competition • Using suitable fill material to raise the filter field a • Planting species that are appropriate for a poorly sufficient distance above the seasonal high water table drained soil as recommended by a forester helps to improves septic system performance. maximize productivity and to ensure seedling Local roads and streets survival. • Restricting the use of standard wheeled and tracked Suitability: Poorly suited equipment to dry periods helps to reduce the rutting Management concerns: Low strength, wetness, and and soil compaction that occur when the soils are flooding saturated. • The soils in this map unit are severely limited as a • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants site for local roads and streets because of the low can help to minimize plant competition. strength, the seasonal high water table, and the flooding. Wildlife habitat • Using well compacted fill material as a road base can help elevate roads above flood stage. Potential of the Trebloc soil as habitat for: Openland • Incorporating sand and gravel into the fill material wildlife—fair; Woodland wildlife—fair; Wetland and compacting roadbeds improve soil strength. wildlife—good Potential of the Quitman soil as habitat for: Openland Interpretive Groups wildlife—good; Woodland wildlife—good; Wetland Land capability classification: Trebloc—IIIw; Quitman— wildlife—very poor IIw Management concerns: Flooding and wetness Woodland ordination symbol: 10W • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland WdC—Wadley fine sand, 0 to 5 percent wildlife. slopes • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Setting existing plant cover, or promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Landscape: Coastal Plain every three years, rotated among several small tracts Landform: Uplands of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Landform position: Ridges and hillslopes for deer and the number of seed producing plants for Shape of areas: Irregular quail and turkey. Size of areas: 10 to 60 acres • Wetland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Composition constructing shallow ponds that provide open water areas for waterfowl and furbearers. Wadley and similar soils: 80 percent

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Dissimilar soils: 20 percent • Conservation tillage, winter cover crops, crop residue management, and a crop rotation that includes grasses Typical Profile and legumes help to increase available water capacity Surface layer: and improve fertility. 0 to 8 inches—brown fine sand Pasture and hayland Subsurface layer: 8 to 31 inches—very pale brown sand Suitability: Well suited 31 to 50 inches—very pale brown sand that has dark Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and yellowish brown mottles bahiagrass Management concerns: Droughtiness and erosion Subsoil: • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the 50 to 74 inches—yellowish red sandy loam contour or across the slope help to control erosion and 74 to 85 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has increase germination. pockets of reddish yellow loamy sand • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well 85 to 95 inches—yellowish red sandy loam planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to Soil Properties and Qualities maintain the condition of the pasture and increase productivity. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought- Drainage class: Well drained tolerant species help to increase productivity. Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Low Woodland Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet Suitability: Suited Shrink-swell potential: Low Management concerns: Equipment limitations, seedling Flooding: None mortality, and plant competition Hazard of water erosion: None to moderate • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a Tilth: Poor forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments seedling survival. Minor Components • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants can help to minimize plant competition. Dissimilar soils: • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment • Areas of the well drained Benndale, Smithdale, and during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and McLaurin soils in positions similar to those of the compaction, which damages roots. Wadley soil Wildlife habitat Similar soils: • Areas of soils that have a surface layer and Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; subsurface layer having a combined thickness of less Woodland wildlife—poor; Wetland wildlife—very than 40 inches poor • Areas of soils that have a surface layer and Management concerns: Droughtiness subsurface layer that are sand or loamy sand to a • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of depth of more than 80 inches vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food and rest areas that improve habitat for openland Land Use wildlife. Dominant uses: Woodland • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by Other uses: Wildlife habitat planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Cropland establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning Suitability: Suited every three years, rotated among several small tracts Commonly grown crops: Corn and soybeans of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse Management concerns: Droughtiness and erosion for deer and the number of seed producing plants for • Using a resource management system that includes quail and turkey. terraces and diversions, stripcropping, contour tillage, • Wetland wildlife.—A better site can be selected. no-till planting, and crop residue management helps to Dwellings control erosion and surface runoff and maximizes the rate of water infiltration. Suitability: Poorly suited

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Management concerns: Cutbanks cave, slope, and pockets of reddish yellow loamy sand droughtiness 85 to 95 inches—yellowish red sandy loam • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. Soil Properties and Qualities Support beams should be used to maintain the stability of the cutbanks. Potential rooting depth: More than 60 inches • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope Drainage class: Well drained or building in less sloping areas helps reduce the Permeability: Moderate hazard of erosion. Available water capacity: Low • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6.0 feet lawns during periods of low rainfall. Shrink-swell potential: Low Flooding: None Septic tank absorption fields Hazard of water erosion: Severe or very severe Suitability: Well suited Tilth: Poor Management concerns: None Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments • No significant limitations affect septic tank Minor Components absorption fields. Dissimilar soils: Local roads and streets • Areas of the well drained Heidel and Smithdale soils Suitability: Well suited in positions similar to those of the Wadley soil Management concerns: None • Areas of the moderately well drained Lorman soils in • No significant limitations affect local roads and the slightly lower positions streets. Similar soils: Interpretive Groups • Areas of soils that have a surface layer and subsurface layer having a combined thickness of less Land capability classification: IIIs than 40 inches Woodland ordination symbol: 11S • Areas of soils that have a surface layer and subsurface layer that are sand or loamy sand to a depth of more than 80 inches WdE—Wadley fine sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland Setting Other uses: Wildlife habitat Landscape: Coastal Plain Cropland Landform: Uplands Suitability: Poorly suited Landform position: Ridges and hillslopes Commonly grown crops: None Shape of areas: Irregular Management concerns: Droughtiness and erosion Size of areas: 10 to 60 acres • Using a resource management system that includes terraces and diversions, stripcropping, contour tillage, Composition conservation tillage, crop residue management, and a Wadley and similar soils: 85 percent crop rotation that includes soil conserving crops helps Dissimilar soils: 15 percent to control erosion and surface runoff, maximizes the rate of water infiltration, increases available water Typical Profile capacity, and improves soil fertility. Surface layer: • Using supplemental irrigation and planting crop 0 to 8 inches—brown fine sand varieties that are adapted to droughty conditions help to increase crop production. Subsurface layer: 8 to 31 inches—very pale brown sand Pasture and hayland 31 to 50 inches—very pale brown sand that has dark Suitability: Well suited yellowish brown mottles Commonly grown crops: Common bermudagrass and Subsoil: bahiagrass 50 to 74 inches—yellowish red sandy loam Management concerns: Droughtiness and erosion 74 to 85 inches—yellowish red sandy loam that has • Preparing seedbeds and using no-till planting on the

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contour or across the slope help to control erosion and establishment of desirable plants. Prescribed burning increase germination. every three years, rotated among several small tracts • Using rotational grazing and implementing a well of land, can increase the amount of palatable browse planned schedule of clipping and harvesting help to for deer and the number of seed producing plants for maintain the condition of the pasture and increase quail and turkey. productivity. • Wetland wildlife.—A better site can be selected. • Using supplemental irrigation and planting drought- Dwellings tolerant species help to increase productivity. • The slope can limit equipment use in the steeper Suitability: Poorly suited areas during harvesting. Management concerns: Cutbanks cave, slope, and droughtiness Woodland • Cutbanks are unstable and are subject to slumping. Suitability: Suited Support beams should be used to maintain the stability Management concerns: Equipment limitations, seedling of the cutbanks. mortality, and plant competition • Designing structures to conform to the natural slope • Planting appropriate species as recommended by a or building in less sloping areas helps reduce the forester helps to maximize productivity and to ensure hazard of erosion. seedling survival. • Properly installed irrigation systems can maintain • Selective thinning and removal of undesirable plants lawns during periods of low rainfall. can help to minimize plant competition. Septic tank absorption fields • Using tracked or low pressure ground equipment during harvesting helps to reduce rutting and Suitability: Suited compaction, which damages roots. Management concerns: Slope • Installing distribution lines on the contour improves Wildlife habitat performance. Potential as habitat for: Openland wildlife—fair; Local roads and streets Woodland wildlife—poor; Wetland wildlife—very poor Suitability: Suited Management concerns: Sandy surface layers Management concerns: Slope • Openland wildlife.—Leaving undisturbed areas of • Designing roads on the contour and providing vegetation around cropland and pasture provides food adequate water-control structures, such as culverts, and rest areas that improve habitat for openland help to maintain road stability. wildlife. Interpretive Groups • Woodland wildlife.—Habitat can be improved by planting appropriate vegetation, maintaining the Land capability classification: VIs existing plant cover, or promoting the natural Woodland ordination symbol: 11S

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89

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important land use. The extent of each listed map unit is shown farmland defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. in table 4. The location is shown on the detailed soil It is of major importance in meeting the Nation’s short- maps at the back of this publication. The soil qualities and long-range needs for food and fiber. Because the that affect use and management are described under supply of high-quality farmland is limited, the U.S. the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Only the soils Department of Agriculture recognizes that responsible considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up levels of government, as well as individuals, should areas of the soils listed are not considered prime encourage and facilitate the wise use of our Nation’s farmland. prime farmland. The map units that meet the requirements for prime Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department farmland are: of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing BaA Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is slopes, rarely flooded available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, BdB Benndale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes pastureland, forest land, or other land, but it is not BdC Benndale fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities, Ca Cahaba-Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 percent growing season, and moisture supply are those needed slopes, rarely flooded for the soil to economically produce sustained high CLB Cahaba, Latonia, and Bassfield soils, 0 to 2 yields of crops when proper management, including percent slopes, occasionally flooded water management, and acceptable farming methods FeC Freest fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes are applied. In general, prime farmland has an HaA Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent adequate and dependable supply of moisture from slopes precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and LaA Latonia loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an rarely flooded acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no LuA Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not MA Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes excessively erodible or saturated with water for long MB McLaurin and Benndale soils, 0 to 5 percent periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during slopes the growing season or is protected from flooding. The McA McLaurin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes slope ranges mainly from 0 to 8 percent. More detailed McB McLaurin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes information about the criteria for prime farmland is McC McLaurin fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes available at the local office of the Natural Resources PrA Prentiss fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes Conservation Service. PrB Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes The map units in the survey area that are SaB Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent considered prime farmland are listed below. This list slopes does not constitute a recommendation for a particular

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91

Use and Management of the Soils

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of all of the cropland and pasture is on uplands and the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust terraces along the larger streams. The smaller flood land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural plains generally are too wet to be used for cultivated resources and the environment. Also, it can help to crops. Bahiagrass and some species of common prevent soil-related failures in land uses. bermudagrass are deep rooted and perform well on the In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, somewhat droughty soils of the Coastal Plain. In 1987, conservationists, engineers, and others collect the major crops were soybeans, wheat, hay, and corn. extensive field data about the nature and behavioral Horticultural and truck crops were grown on a few farms. characteristics of the soils. They collect data on Erosion is a major problem on about 50 percent of erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that the cropland in the county. Soils that have a slope of affect soil uses and management. Field experience and more than 2 percent are subject to sheet and rill collected data on soil properties and performance are erosion. The productivity of soils is reduced as the used as a basis in predicting soil behavior. topsoil erodes. The topsoil contains valuable nutrients Information in this section can be used to plan the and organic matter. The loss of the surface layer is use and management of soils for crops and pasture; as especially damaging to soils having a fragipan that woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities, limits the rooting zone. Irvington, Prentiss, and highways and other transportation systems, and parks Savannah soils have a fragipan. Controlling erosion on and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat. farmland minimizes the pollution of streams and It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations improves the quality of water for recreational uses, of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent municipal uses, and fish and wildlife. construction failures caused by unfavorable soil General management needed for crops and pasture properties. is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of Planners and others using soil survey information the main crops and pasture plants are listed for each can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on soil, the system of land capability classification used productivity and on the environment in all or part of the by the Natural Resources Conservation Service is survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain explained, and prime farmland is described. or create a land use pattern in harmony with the natural Planners of management systems for individual soil. fields or farms should consider the detailed information Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of given in the description of each soil under the heading sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources layers can cause difficulty in excavation. Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and Service. others may also find this survey useful. The survey Land Capability Classification can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, Land capability classification shows, in a general playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs. way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops. Crops that require special management are excluded. The soils are grouped according to their Crops and Pasture limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they are Rex Davis, resource conservationist, Natural Resources used for crops, and the way they respond to Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. management. The criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major and generally expensive landforming In 1987, about 16,419 acres in Perry County was that would change slope, depth, or other used for crops and 15,567 was used for pasture. Nearly characteristics of the soils, nor do they include 92 Soil Survey

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects. Capability units are soil groups within a subclass. Capability classification is not a substitute for The soils in a capability unit are enough alike to be interpretations designed to show suitability and suited to the same crops and pasture plants, to require limitations of groups of soils for rangeland, for similar management, and to have similar productivity. woodland, and for engineering purposes. Capability units are generally designated by adding an In the capability system, soils are generally Arabic numeral to the subclass symbol, for example, grouped at three levels—capability class, subclass, IIe-4 and IIIe-6. and unit (12). Only class and subclass are used in this The capability classification of each map unit is survey. given in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in Capability classes, the broadest groups, are the yields table. designated by numerals I through VIII. The numerals Yields per Acre indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower choices for practical use. The classes are defined as The average yields per acre that can be expected of follows: the principal crops under a high level of management Class I soils have few limitations that restrict their are shown in table 5. In any given year, yields may be use. higher or lower than those indicated in the table Class II soils have moderate limitations that reduce because of variations in rainfall and other climatic the choice of plants or that require moderate factors. The land capability classification of each map conservation practices. unit also is shown in the table. Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce The yields are based mainly on the experience and the choice of plants or that require special records of farmers, conservationists, and extension conservation practices, or both. agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and Class IV soils have very severe limitations that results of field trials and demonstrations are also reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful considered. management, or both. The management needed to obtain the indicated Class V soils are not likely to erode but have other yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their and the crop. Management can include drainage, use. erosion control, and protection from flooding; the proper Class VI soils have severe limitations that make planting and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop them generally unsuitable for cultivation. varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of Class VII soils have very severe limitations that weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; favorable make them unsuitable for cultivation. soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen, Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each limitations that nearly preclude their use for crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure, commercial crop production. and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures Capability subclasses are soil groups within one the smallest possible loss. class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e, For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, IIe. The irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of crops grown, that good-quality irrigation water is erosion unless close-growing plant cover is maintained; uniformly applied as needed, and that tillage is kept to w shows that water in or on the soil interferes with a minimum. plant growth or cultivation (in some soils the wetness The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity can be partly corrected by artificial drainage); s shows of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are that the soil is limited mainly because it is shallow, likely to increase as new production technology is droughty, or stony; and c, used in only some parts of developed. The productivity of a given soil compared the United States, shows that the chief limitation is with that of other soils, however, is not likely to climate that is very cold or very dry. change. In class I there are no subclasses because the soils Crops other than those shown in the table are grown of this class have few limitations. Class V contains in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because because the acreage of such crops is small. The local the soils in class V are subject to little or no erosion. office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service They have other limitations that restrict their use to or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife habitat, or information about the management and productivity of recreation. the soils for those crops.

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Woodland Management and Productivity general management and have about the same potential productivity. Linda A. Stine, forester, Natural Resources Conservation The first part of the ordination symbol, a number, Service, helped prepare this section. indicates the potential productivity of the soils for an indicator tree species. The number indicates the About 351,500 acres in Perry County, or 84 percent volume, in cubic meters per hectare per year, that the of the total area of the county, is timberland. indicator species can produce in a pure stand under Timberland is woodland that is producing, or is capable natural conditions. The number 1 indicates low potential of producing, industrial wood crops of at least 20 cubic productivity; 2 or 3, moderate; 4 or 5, moderately high; feet per acre per year and is not withdrawn from timber 6 to 8, high; 9 to 11, very high; and 12 to 39, extremely utilization. About 33 percent of the timberland in the high. The second part of the symbol, a letter, indicates county is owned by farmers and other nonindustrial the major kind of soil limitation. The letter R indicates private owners, about 2 percent by corporations, and steep slopes; W, excess water in or on the soil; C, clay 22 percent by the forest industry. Fourty-three percent in the upper part of the soil; and S, sandy texture. The is in the DeSoto National Forest. letter A indicates that limitations or restrictions are Timberland can be subdivided into forest types or insignificant. If a soil has more than one limitation, the stands having similar characteristics. Forest types are priority is as follows: R, W, C, and S. based on species composition, site quality, or age and In the table, slight, moderate, and severe indicate are distinct communities that require separate the degree of the major soil limitations to be management and treatment. A forest type is named for considered in management. the kinds of trees that are present in the greatest Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will number within a stand. In Perry County, 78,800 acres is occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where the longleaf-slash pine forest type, 84,800 acres is the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, and fire loblolly-shortleaf pine, 78,800 acres is oak-pine, 72,700 lanes and in log-handling areas. Forests that have been acres is oak-hickory, and 36,400 acres is oak-gum- burned or overgrazed are also subject to erosion. cypress (11). Ratings of the erosion hazard are based on the percent Good forest management maintains or enhances of the slope. A rating of slight indicates that no soil productivity and water quality. The forest particular prevention measures are needed under management activities that have the greatest potential ordinary conditions. A rating of moderate indicates that for adversely affecting soil productivity and water erosion-control measures are needed in certain quality are timber harvesting and site preparation for silvicultural activities. A rating of severe indicates that future tree crops. Poor application of these practices special precautions are needed to control erosion in can cause erosion, nutrient depletion, and compaction. most silvicultural activities. Site-specific management that considers topography, Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and the hazard of erosion, season, and natural site conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment fertility helps to prevent damage to soil and water generally needed in woodland management or resources. harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions Grazing is a suitable secondary use for most of the considered in the ratings are slope, stones on the woodland in the county. Grasses, legumes, forbs, and surface, rock outcrops, soil wetness, and texture of the many of the woody plants in the understory can be surface layer. A rating of slight indicates that under utilized for forage. Stocking the proper number of normal conditions the kind of equipment and season of grazing animals for the amount of forage produced use are not significantly restricted by soil factors. Soil prevents damage to desirable trees. wetness can restrict equipment use, but the wet period Soils vary in their ability to produce trees. Depth, does not exceed 1 month. A rating of moderate fertility, texture, and available water capacity influence indicates that equipment use is moderately restricted tree growth. Elevation, aspect, and climate determine because of one or more soil factors. If the soil is wet, the kinds of trees that can grow on a site. Available the wetness restricts equipment use for a period of 1 to water capacity and depth of the root zone are major 3 months. A rating of severe indicates that equipment influences affecting tree growth. use is severely restricted either as to the kind of Table 6 can be used by woodland owners or forest equipment that can be used or the season of use. If managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops. the soil is wet, the wetness restricts equipment use for Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The more than 3 months. table lists the ordination symbol for each soil. Soils Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally assigned the same ordination symbol require the same occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

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the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic Woodland Understory Vegetation conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer, Understory vegetation consists of grasses, forbs, depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of shrubs, and other plants. If well managed, some the period when the water table is high, rock fragments woodland can produce enough understory vegetation to in the surface layer, effective rooting depth, and slope support grazing of livestock or wildlife, or both, without aspect. A rating of slight indicates that seedling damage to the trees. mortality is not likely to be a problem under normal The quantity and quality of understory vegetation conditions. Expected mortality is less than 25 percent. vary with the kind of soil, the age and kind of trees in A rating of moderate indicates that some problems the canopy, the density of the canopy, and the depth from seedling mortality can be expected. Extra and condition of the litter. The density of the canopy precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is 25 to determines the amount of light that understory plants 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that seedling receive. mortality is a serious problem. Extra precautions are Table 7 shows, for each soil suitable for woodland, important. Replanting may be necessary. Expected the potential for producing understory vegetation. The mortality is more than 50 percent. total production of understory vegetation includes the Plant competition ratings indicate the degree to herbaceous plants and the leaves, twigs, and fruit of which undesirable species are expected to invade and woody plants up to a height of 4.5 feet. It is expressed grow when openings are made in the tree canopy. The in pounds per acre of air-dry vegetation in favorable, main factors that affect plant competition are depth to normal, and unfavorable years. In a favorable year, soil the water table and the available water capacity. A moisture is above average during the optimum part of rating of slight indicates that competition from the growing season; in a normal year, soil moisture is undesirable plants is not likely to prevent natural average; and in an unfavorable year, it is below regeneration or suppress the more desirable species. average. Planted seedlings can become established without The table also lists the common names of the undue competition. A rating of moderate indicates that characteristic vegetation on each soil and the competition may delay the establishment of desirable composition, by percentage of air-dry weight, of each species. Competition may hamper stand development, kind of plant. The table shows the kind and percentage but it will not prevent the eventual development of fully of understory plants expected under a canopy density stocked stands. A rating of severe indicates that that is most nearly typical of woodland in which the competition can be expected to prevent regeneration production of wood crops is highest. unless precautionary measures are applied. The potential productivity of merchantable or Recreation common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index and as a volume number. The site index is the average Perry County contains an extensive acreage set height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees aside for recreational use. The Black Creek Wilderness of a given species attain in a specified number of Area in the DeSoto National Forest has more than years. The site index applies to fully stocked, even- 5,000 acres of mature hardwood and pine forests. aged, unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are About 21 miles of Black Creek is part of the Wild and those that woodland managers generally favor in Scenic Rivers System. Campgrounds and canoe intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are landings on Black Creek are at Moody’s Landing, selected on the basis of growth rate, quality, value, and Janice, Cypress Creek, and Fairley Bridge Landing. marketability. The soils of the survey area are rated in table 8 The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be according to limitations that affect their suitability for produced by the most important trees. This number, recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even- surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. aged, unmanaged stand. Not considered in the ratings, but important in The first species listed under common trees for a evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of soil is the indicator species for that soil. It generally is the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic the most common species on the soil and is the one quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water that determines the ordination class. impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines. Trees to plant are those that are suitable for The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent commercial wood production. and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

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important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not recreational uses by the duration and intensity of subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use. flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In They have moderate slopes. The suitability of the soil planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of for tees or greens is not considered in rating the soils. the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential. In the table, the degree of soil limitation is Wildlife Habitat expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means David R. Thomas, wildlife biologist, Natural Resources that soil properties are generally favorable and that Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. limitations are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that limitations can be overcome or alleviated Perry County is about 70 percent woodland and 30 by planning, design, or special maintenance. Severe percent pasture and cropland. It is primarily hilly means that soil properties are unfavorable and that uplands. The Leaf River and Black Creek flow through limitations can be offset only by costly soil the county. Diverse geographic features and land uses reclamation, special design, intensive maintenance, provide habitat for many wildlife species. Demand for limited use, or a combination of these measures. quality hunting areas is high, and many woodland The information in the table can be supplemented by tracts are leased by hunting clubs. Many farm ponds other information in this survey, for example, and streams provide good to excellent fishing interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table opportunities. 11 and interpretations for dwellings without basements Unmanaged pine forests provide poor habitat for and for local roads and streets in table 10. deer, squirrels, rabbits, bobwhite quail, and wild turkey. Camp areas require site preparation, such as Managed pine forests, however, provide good habitat shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas, for many game and nongame species. Prescribed stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and burning, thinning, clear-cutting small areas, and leaving installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp hardwood corridors along streams benefit wildlife. areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some Some landowners establish wildlife food plots in forest vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and openings. are not wet or subject to flooding during the period Hardwoods along major streams and in wetland of use. The surface absorbs rainfall readily but areas provide good to excellent wildlife habitat. Water remains firm and is not dusty when dry. Strong slopes oak, overcup oak, swamp chestnut oak, magnolia, red can greatly increase the cost of constructing maple, hickory, and water tupelo are in these areas. campsites. Wetlands in the county are mainly on flood plains Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most along major streams and in depressions on stream vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and terraces and uplands. They provide habitat for parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm migrating waterfowl, wood ducks, wading birds, when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to furbearers, reptiles, and amphibians. flooding during the period of use, and do not have Part of the Leaf River Game Management Area is in slopes that increase the cost of shaping sites or of Perry County. This area is managed for game and building access roads and parking areas. nongame wildlife. Playgrounds require soils that can withstand Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also and are not wet or subject to flooding during the affect the construction of water impoundments. The season of use. The surface is firm after rains and is not kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the dusty when dry. If grading is needed, the depth of the amount and distribution of food, cover, and water. soil over a hardpan should be considered. Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing should require little or no cutting and filling. The best plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty of desirable plants. when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than In table 9, the soils in the survey area are rated once a year during the period of use. They have according to their potential for providing habitat for moderate slopes. various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

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maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in these plants are oak, yellow-poplar, black cherry, determining the intensity of management needed for sweetgum, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, persimmon, each element of the habitat. sumac, holly, and blueberry. Examples of fruit- The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or producing shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element rated good are pyracantha, autumn-olive, and or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or crabapple. maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of properties and features that affect the growth of fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth established, improved, or maintained in most places. of the root zone, available water capacity, and Moderately intensive management is required for wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine, satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that cedar, and bald cypress. limitations are severe for the designated element or Shrubs are bushy woody plants that produce fruit, kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or buds, twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil properties and maintained in most places, but management is difficult features that affect the growth of shrubs are depth of and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates the root zone, available water capacity, salinity, and that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are soil moisture. Examples of shrubs are mountain laurel, very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be strawberry bush, yaupon, and wax-myrtle. expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat is Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild impractical or impossible. herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites. The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil following paragraphs. properties and features affecting wetland plants are Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seed- texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, salinity, producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties and slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland features that affect the growth of grain and seed crops plants are smartweed, wild millet, pondweed, rushes, are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, sedges, cattails, and watershield. available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface Shallow water areas have an average depth of less stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are moisture are also considerations. Examples of grain created by dams, levees, or other water-control and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, grain sorghum, structures. Soil properties and features affecting soybeans, rye, and millet. shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes areas, beaver ponds, and other ponds. are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness, in the following paragraphs. flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland, are also considerations. Examples of grasses and pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with legumes are fescue, bahiagrass, lespedeza, clover, grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas chufa, bermudagrass, and Johnsongrass. produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil areas include bobwhite quail, meadowlark, field properties and features that affect the growth of these sparrow, cottontail, red fox, coyote, armadillo, dove, plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface killdeer, and hawks. layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and moisture are also considerations. Examples of wild associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous herbaceous plants are ragweed, goldenrod, plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild beggarweed, Johnsongrass, and partridge pea. turkey, woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts gray fox, raccoon, deer, bears, bobcats, opossum, and or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage. skunk. Soil properties and features that affect the growth of Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone, or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

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muskrat, mink, otter, beaver, turtles, rails, and and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite kingfisher. investigations of soils and geology; locate potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil; plan Engineering drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and water conservation; This section provides information for planning land and predict performance of proposed small structures uses related to urban development and to water and pavements by comparing the performance of management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the existing similar structures on the same or similar soils. most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given The information in the tables, along with the soil for building site development, sanitary facilities, maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in construction materials, and water management. The this survey, can be used to make additional ratings are based on observed performance of the soils interpretations. and on the estimated data and test data in the “Soil Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a Properties” section. special meaning in soil science and are defined in the Information in this section is intended for land use Glossary. planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for Building Site Development planning site investigations prior to design and construction. The information, however, has limitations. Table 10 shows the degree and kind of soil For example, estimates and other data generally apply limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet. with and without basements, small commercial Because of the map scale, small areas of different buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and soils may be included within the mapped areas of a landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if soil specific soil. properties and site features are generally favorable for The information is not site specific and does not the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils overcome; moderate if soil properties or site features or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in are not favorable for the indicated use and special the design and construction of engineering works. planning, design, or maintenance is needed to Government ordinances and regulations that restrict overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil certain land uses or impose specific design criteria properties or site features are so unfavorable or so were not considered in preparing the information in this difficult to overcome that special design, significant section. Local ordinances and regulations should be increases in construction costs, and possibly considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. increased maintenance are required. Special feasibility Soil properties, site features, and observed studies may be required where the soil limitations are performance were considered in determining the ratings severe. in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey, Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a determinations were made about grain-size distribution, maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, depth to utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6 feet of the ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal high water observed performance of the soils. The ease of table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil structure digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected to a very firm dense layer; stone content; soil texture; about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the sand and slope. The time of the year that excavations can and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed cations. be made is affected by the depth to a seasonal high Estimates were made for erodibility, permeability, water table and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, available water The resistance of the excavation walls or banks to capacity, and other behavioral characteristics affecting sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and engineering uses. depth to the water table. This information can be used to evaluate the Dwellings and small commercial buildings are potential of areas for residential, commercial, structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family estimates of construction conditions; evaluate dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are alternative routes for roads, streets, highways, made for small commercial buildings without pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate alternative basements, for dwellings with basements, and for sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank absorption fields, dwellings without basements. The ratings are based on

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soil properties, site features, and observed properties or site features are unfavorable for the use performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding, and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration. the movement of footings. A high water table, slope, Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which and flooding affect the ease of excavation and effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil construction. Landscaping and grading that require cuts through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered. part of the soil between depths of 24 and 80 inches is Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties, and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. site features, and observed performance of the soils. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base Permeability, a high water table, and flooding affect of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and absorption of the effluent. a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on absorption fields, including excessively slow soil properties, site features, and observed absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding, seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can be and slope affect the ease of excavating and grading. polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel are less Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering than 4 feet below the base of the absorption field, if classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the action potential, and depth to a high water table affect surface. There must be unsaturated soil material the traffic-supporting capacity. beneath the absorption field to filter the effluent Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf effectively. Many local ordinances require that this and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established material be of a certain thickness. and maintained. The ratings are based on soil Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to properties, site features, and observed performance of hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, and the solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly available water capacity in the upper 40 inches affect level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, and the amount of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface layer hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly affect trafficability after vegetation is established. impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize seepage and contamination of Sanitary Facilities ground water. Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil The table gives ratings for the natural soil that limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface are considered slight if soil properties and site features layer are excavated to provide material for the are generally favorable for the indicated use and embankments. The ratings are based on soil limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if properties, site features, and observed performance of soil properties or site features are not favorable for the the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope, indicated use and special planning, design, or permeability, a high water table, flooding, and content maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the of organic matter. limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features Excessive seepage resulting from rapid permeability are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that in the soil or a water table that is high enough to raise special design, significant increases in construction the level of sewage in the lagoon causes a lagoon to costs, and possibly increased maintenance are function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is required. excessive or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. A high The table also shows the suitability of the soils for content of organic matter is detrimental to proper use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits aerobic indicates that soil properties and site features are activity. Slope can cause construction problems and favorable for the use and good performance and low hinder compaction of the lagoon floor. maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is properties and site features are moderately favorable disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of for the use and one or more soil properties or site landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste features make the soil less desirable than the soils is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

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site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin suitability within their profile. The table showing layer of soil from a source away from the site. engineering index properties provides detailed Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy information about each soil layer. This information can vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of ground- help to determine the suitability of each layer for use water pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized should be considered. with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings. The ratings in the table are based on soil properties, The ratings are based on soil properties, site site features, and observed performance of the soils. features, and observed performance of the soils. The Permeability, a high water table, slope, and flooding thickness of suitable material is a major consideration. affect both types of landfill. Texture, highly organic The ease of excavation is affected by a high water layers, and soil reaction affect trench landfills. Unless table and slope. How well the soil performs in place otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that part of after it has been compacted and drained is determined the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For deeper by its strength (as inferred from the engineering trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate may not classification of the soil) and shrink-swell potential. be valid. Onsite investigation is needed. Soils rated good contain significant amounts of sand Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of suitable used to cover compacted solid waste in an area material, a low shrink-swell potential, and slopes of 15 sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, percent or less. Depth to the water table is more than 3 transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste. feet. Soils rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope clay-sized particles and have a plasticity index of less affect the ease of removing and spreading the material than 10. They have a moderate shrink-swell potential or during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are slopes of 15 to 25 percent. Depth to the water table is free of excess gravel are the best cover for a landfill. 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity index of Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy and are difficult to more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential, or slopes of spread; sandy soils are subject to wind erosion. more than 25 percent. They are wet and have a water After soil material has been removed, the soil table at a depth of less than 1 foot. They may have material remaining in the borrow area must be thick layers of suitable material, but the material is less than enough over the water table to permit revegetation. The 3 feet thick. soil material used as the final cover for a landfill should Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for be suitable for plants. The surface layer generally has commercial use with a minimum of processing. They the best workability, more organic matter, and the best are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications potential for plants. Material from the surface layer for each use vary widely. In the table, only the should be stockpiled for use as the final cover. probability of finding material in suitable quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific Construction Materials purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect Table 12 gives information about the soils as a excavation of the material. source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable indicated by the engineering classification of the soil), source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on the thickness of suitable material, and the content of soil properties and site features that affect the removal rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of compaction, minor processing, and other standard grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index construction practices are assumed. Each soil is properties. evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is place and used in road embankments in another place. up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at In this table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight, for low embankments, generally less than 6 feet high large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable and less exacting in design than higher embankments. source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as The ratings are for the soil material below the shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed gravel.

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Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or can be established and maintained. The upper 40 embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow potential is determined by the permeability of the soil area. and the depth to the permeable material. Excessive Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by slope can affect the storage capacity of the reservoir such properties as soil reaction, available water area. capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading, Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised and spreading is affected by slope, a water table, soil structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet texture, and thickness of suitable material. high, constructed to impound water or to protect land Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by slope, a against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a water table, and rock fragments. source of material for embankment fill. The ratings Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of gravel and depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will have slopes of less than 8 percent. They are naturally be uniformly mixed and compacted during fertile or respond well to fertilizer and are not so wet construction. that excavation is difficult. The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have depth even greater than the height of the embankment only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that can affect performance and safety of the embankment. have an appreciable amount of gravel, or soils that Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to have slopes of 8 to 15 percent. The soils are not so determine these properties. wet that excavation is difficult. Soil material in embankments must be resistant to Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features amount of gravel, have slopes of more than 15 include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high percent, or have a seasonal high water table at or near content of organic matter. A high water table affects the surface. the amount of usable material. It also affects The surface layer of most soils is generally trafficability. preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts content. Organic matter greatly increases the that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds plant growth. that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the Water Management original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by Table 13 gives information on the soil properties and depth to a permanent water table and permeability of site features that affect water management. The degree the aquifer. and kind of soil limitations are given for pond reservoir Drainage is the removal of excess surface and areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and aquifer- subsurface water from the soil. How easily and fed excavated ponds. The limitations are considered effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to slight if soil properties and site features are generally layers that affect the rate of water movement; favorable for the indicated use and limitations are permeability; depth to a high water table or depth of minor and are easily overcome; moderate if soil standing water if the soil is subject to ponding; slope; properties or site features are not favorable for the and susceptibility to flooding. Excavating and grading indicated use and special planning, design, or and the stability of ditchbanks are affected by slope maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features the soil after drainage is adversely affected by extreme are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that acidity. Availability of drainage outlets is not considered special design, significant increase in construction in the ratings. costs, and possibly increased maintenance are Irrigation is the controlled application of water to required. supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The This table also gives for each soil the restrictive design and management of an irrigation system are features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and affected by depth to the water table, the need for diversions, and grassed waterways. drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

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rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The rooting depth, a severe hazard of water erosion, an construction of a system is affected by large stones excessively coarse texture, and restricted permeability and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan. The adversely affect maintenance. performance of a system is affected by the depth of Grassed waterways are natural or constructed the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct reaction. surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Terraces and diversions are embankments or a Wetness and slope affect the construction of grassed combination of channels and ridges constructed across waterways. A hazard of erosion, low available water a slope to control erosion and conserve moisture by capacity, restricted rooting depth, and restricted intercepting runoff. Slope and wetness affect the permeability adversely affect the growth and construction of terraces and diversions. A restricted maintenance of the grass after construction.

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103

Soil Properties

Data relating to soil properties are collected during than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles the course of the soil survey. The data and the coarser than sand is as much as about 15 percent, an estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables, appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.” are explained on the following pages. Textural terms are defined in the Glossary. Soil properties are determined by field examination Classification of the soils is determined according to of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some the Unified soil classification system (2) and the benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are system adopted by the American Association of State followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are Highway and Transportation Officials (1). made and examined to identify and classify the soils The Unified system classifies soils according to and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are properties that affect their use as construction taken from some typical profiles and tested in the material. Soils are classified according to grain-size laboratory to determine grain-size distribution. These distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in results are reported in table 17. diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit, Estimates of soil properties are based on field and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting observations, verify properties that cannot be engineering properties of two groups can have a dual estimated accurately by field observation, and help to classification, for example, CL-ML. characterize key soils. The AASHTO system classifies soils according to The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables those properties that affect roadway construction and include the range of grain-size distribution and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and the soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified physical and chemical properties of the major layers of in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the each soil. Pertinent soil and water features also are basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and given. plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other Engineering Index Properties extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of Table 14 gives estimates of the engineering visual inspection. classification and of the range of index properties for If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A- soils have layers of contrasting properties within the 2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an upper 5 or 6 feet. additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each subgrade material can be indicated by a group index layer is indicated. The range in depth and information number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the on other properties of each layer are given for each soil best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the series under the heading “Soil Series and Their poorest. Morphology.” Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated Texture is given in the standard terms used by the sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074 millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil that millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area 104 Soil Survey

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the saturated. They are based on soil characteristics field. observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption estimates are based on test data from the survey area fields. or from nearby areas and on field examination. Available water capacity refers to the quantity of The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, water that the soil is capable of storing for use by and plasticity index are generally rounded to the plants. The capacity for water storage is given in nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and inches of water per inch of soil for each major soil Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties percentage points) across classification boundaries, that affect the retention of water and the depth of the the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in the root zone. The most important properties are the table. content of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an Physical and Chemical Properties important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design and management of irrigation Table 15 shows estimates of some characteristics systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate of and features that affect soil behavior. These estimates the quantity of water actually available to plants at any are given for the major layers of each soil in the survey given time. area. The estimates are based on field observations Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and and on test data for these and similar soils. is expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil of each major horizon is based on many field tests. For particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in many soils, values have been verified by laboratory diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops each major soil layer is given as a percentage, by and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of millimeters in diameter. corrosion. The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume fertility and physical condition of the soil. They change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and change occurs mainly because of the interaction of to retain moisture. They influence shrink-swell clay minerals with water and varies with the amount potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in soil kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and earthmoving moisture content influence the amount of swelling of operations. soils in place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per undisturbed clods were made for many soils. For unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at others, swelling was estimated on the basis of the kind field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at and amount of clay minerals in the soil and on 1 /3-bar moisture tension. Weight is determined after measurements of similar soils. drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In this table, the If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to very estimated moist bulk density of each major soil horizon high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. is often needed. Bulk density data are used to compute shrink-swell Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the potential, available water capacity, total pore space, change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture and other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The soil indicates the pore space available for water and classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent; roots. A bulk density of more than 1.6 can restrict moderate, 3 to 6 percent; high, more than 6 percent; water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density and very high, greater than 9 percent. is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil organic matter, and soil structure. to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of (USLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss downward movement of water when the soil is by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

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estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. structure and permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 These soils have a very slow rate of water to 0.64. Other factors being equal, the higher the value, transmission. the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is by water. caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered that can occur without affecting crop productivity over flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per is considered ponding rather than flooding. year. The table gives the frequency and duration of Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the flooding and the time of year when flooding is most soil at various stages of decomposition. In the table, likely. the estimated content of organic matter is expressed Frequency, duration, and probable dates of as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is occurrence are estimated. Frequency is expressed as less than 2 millimeters in diameter. none, rare, occasional, and frequent. None means that The content of organic matter in a soil can be flooding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but maintained or increased by returning crop residue to possible under unusual weather conditions (the chance the soil. Organic matter affects the available water of flooding is nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of occasional that it occurs, on the average, once or less nitrogen and other nutrients for crops. in 2 years (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year); and frequent that it occurs, on the average, Soil and Water Features more than once in 2 years (the chance of flooding is more than 50 percent in any year). Common is used Table 16 gives estimates of various soil and water when the occasional and frequent classes are grouped features. The estimates are used in land use planning for certain purposes. Duration is expressed as very that involves engineering considerations. brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long if 7 Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of days to 1 month, and very long if more than 1 month. runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four Probable dates are expressed in months. About two- groups according to the rate of water infiltration when thirds to three-fourths of all flooding occurs during the the soils are not protected by vegetation, are stated period. thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long- The information is based on evidence in the soil duration storms. profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay The four hydrologic soil groups are: deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low matter content with increasing depth; and little or no runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist horizon development. mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained Also considered are local information about the sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each of water transmission. soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate the extent of flooding based on soil data is less when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of specific than that provided by detailed engineering moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to flood frequency levels. moderately coarse texture. These soils have a High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a moderate rate of water transmission. saturated zone in the soil in most years. The estimates Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when are based mainly on observations of the water table at thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a selected sites and on the evidence of a saturated layer that impedes the downward movement of water or zone, namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These features) in the soil. Indicated in the table are the depth soils have a slow rate of water transmission. to the seasonal high water table; the kind of water Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate table—that is, perched, apparent, or artesian; and the (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These months of the year that the water table commonly is consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell high. A water table that is seasonally high for less than potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that 1 month is not indicated in the table.

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An apparent water table is a thick zone of free water samples were analyzed by the Soil Genesis and in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water Morphology Laboratory of the Mississippi Agricultural stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is and Forestry Experiment Station. allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A Many of the sites in Perry County are acid and have perched water table is water standing above an a relatively low capacity to retain plant nutrients unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched, (cations) because of the influence of siliceous parent water table is separated from a lower one by a dry material. Very deep, well drained, siliceous soils that zone. are in the higher positions on the landscape are Two numbers in the column showing depth to the strongly acid or very strongly acid and have a relatively water table indicate the normal range in depth to a low capacity to retain nutrients. Examples are Wadley saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half foot. and Smithdale soils. Crops grown on these soils, The first numeral in the range indicates the highest however, respond to fertilizer. In contrast, water level. A plus sign preceding the range in depth Susquehanna soils are very strongly acid but have a indicates that the water table is above the surface of high capacity to retain plant nutrients due to a high the soil. “More than 6.0” indicates that the water table content of smectitic clay. is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is within a depth of The physical properties of soils, such as infiltration 6 feet for less than a month. rate, conduction, shrink-swell potential, tendency for Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced crusting, consistence, and available water capacity, electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or are closely related to the soil texture, which is weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of determined by the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors the soil. as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and The very deep, loamy Smithdale soils on ridgetops electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion and side slopes and the very deep, sandy Wadley soils of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium in the sandy uplands have a relatively high content of content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the sand. The coarse texture of the surface layer of these soil. Special site examination and design may be soils enhances rapid water infiltration. needed if the combination of factors results in a severe Within a depth of 4 feet, Susquehanna soils contain hazard of corrosion. The steel in installations that layers that have a high content of expansive smectitic intersect soil boundaries or soil layers is more clay. The volume of these layers changes as moisture susceptible to corrosion than steel in installations that is lost or gained. These changes can cause damage to are entirely within one kind of soil or within one soil buildings, roads, and other structures. layer. The chemical properties of a soil, in combination For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed with other features, such as permeability, structure, as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage and texture, influence the limitations and potentials of class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field the soil. Chemical properties are not evident by visual capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation observations of a soil; laboratory analyses are extract. necessary to determine the properties. The amount and For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed type of clay minerals present and the content of as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture, organic matter largely regulate the chemical nature of a acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation soil. These substances have the capacity to attract extract. and hold cations. Exchangeable cations are positively charged elements that are bonded to negatively charged clay minerals and organic matter. Physical and Chemical Analyses of The exchangeable cations can be removed or Selected Soils exchanged by leaching or plant uptake. Through the Dr. D.E. Pettry, professor of soil science, Mississippi State mechanism of cation exchange, soil acidity is University, prepared this section. corrected by liming. Note that 1,000 pounds of calcium carbonate (lime) per acre is required to neutralize 1 The results of physical and chemical analyses of milliequivalent per 100 grams of extractable acidity typical pedons in the survey area are given in table 17 (hydrogen + aluminum). and table 18, respectively. The data in the tables are Chemical data regarding soils are expressed as for soils sampled at carefully selected sites. The milliequivalents per 100 grams of dry soil. These data pedons are typical of the series and are described in can be converted for the various cations to the more the section “Soil Series and their Morphology.” Soil common units of pounds per acre for the surface plow

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layer. To a depth of 6.67 inches, the plow layer, or sieve. Measurements reported as percent or quantity topsoil, of an average soil weighs about 2 million of unit weight were calculated on an oven-dry basis. pounds per acre. To convert the cations listed in table The particle-size analyses shown in table 18 were 18 to pounds per acre, multiply the milliequivalents per obtained using Day’s hydrometer method (3). The 100 grams by 400 for calcium, 240 for magnesium, 780 methods used in obtaining the other data are indicated for potassium, and 460 for sodium. in the list that follows. The codes in parenthesis refer to The soil taxonomy classification system used by published methods (14). the National Cooperative Soil Survey uses chemical Sand—(0.05-2.0 mm fraction) weight percentage of properties as differentiating criteria in some categories. materials less than 2 mm (3A1). The Alfisols and Ultisols, which are classes in the Silt—(0.002 mm-0.05 mm fraction) hydrometer highest category of the system, are separated on the method, weight, percentages of all materials less than basis of percentage of base saturation deep in the 2 mm (3A1). subsoil. Base saturation is related to weathering and Clay—(fraction less than 0.002mm) hydrometer reflects the replacement of bases by hydrogen. Ultisols method, weight, percentages of material less than 2 have base saturation of less than 35 percent in the mm (3A1). lower part of the soil; in Alfisols, such values are Extractable cations—ammonium acetate pH 7.0, greater than 35 percent. For example, Susquehanna uncorrected; calcium (6N2), magnesium (602), sodium soils have base saturation levels of more than 35 (6P2), potassium (6Q2). percent below a depth of 5 feet; they are Alfisols. Extractable acidity—barium chloride-triethanolamine I Most of the soils in Perry County are highly weathered (6H1). and have base saturation levels of less than 35 Cation exchange capacity—sum of cations (5A3). percent. Base saturation—sum of cations, TEA, pH 8.2 Determinations were made on soil material smaller (5C3). than 2 millimeters in diameter. The samples were Reaction (pH) —1:1 water dilution (8C1). prepared for the analyses by air-drying, carefully Organic carbon—dichromate, ferric sulfate titration crushing, and screening through a standard 20-mesh (6A1a).

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Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the on the basis of physical and chemical properties and National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories other characteristics that affect management. (13, 15). Beginning with the broadest, these categories Generally, the properties are those of horizons below are the order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, plow depth where there is much biological activity. and series. Classification is based on soil properties Among the properties and characteristics considered observed in the field or inferred from those are particle size, mineral content, and soil temperature observations or from laboratory measurements. Table regime. A family name consists of the name of a 19 shows the classification of the soils in the survey subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil area. The categories are defined in the following properties. An example is coarse-loamy, siliceous, paragraphs. active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents. ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure, forming processes and the degree of soil formation. reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An composition, and arrangement in the profile. An example is Entisol. example is the Bibb series, which consists of coarse- SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil Fluvaquents. genesis and are important to plant growth or properties that reflect the most important variables within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder Soil Series and Their Morphology indicates the order. An example is Aquent (Aqu, In this section, each soil series recognized in the meaning water, plus ent, from Entisol). survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great and the material in which it formed are identified for groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; type described. The detailed description of each soil horizon of saturation; and base status. Each great group is follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (16). identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix Many of the technical terms used in the descriptions that indicates a property of the soil. An example is are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (13) and in “Keys to Soil Fluvaquents (Fluv, meaning flood plain, plus aquent, Taxonomy” (15). Unless otherwise indicated, colors in the suborder of the Entisols that has an aquic moisture the descriptions are for moist soil. Following the pedon regime). description is the range of important characteristics of SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic the soils in the series. subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or The map units of each soil series are described in extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.” of the great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some Alaga Series properties that are not representative of the great group but do not indicate transitions to any other taxonomic Depth class: Very deep class. Each subgroup is identified by one or more Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained adjectives preceding the name of the great group. The Permeability: Rapid adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the Parent material: Sandy sediments great group. An example is Typic Fluvaquents. Landscape: Coastal Plain FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup Landform: High stream terraces 110 Soil Survey

Landform position: Planar and convex slopes on high C horizon: parts of the terrace Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and Slope range: 0 to 2 percent chroma of 4 to 6 Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic Texture—sand or loamy sand Quartzipsamments Mottles (if they occur)—shades of brown

Alaga soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Bassfield, Harleston, and Prentiss Annemaine Series soils. The well drained Bassfield soils are in positions similar to those of the Alaga soils and have a coarse- Depth class: Very deep loamy control section. The moderately well drained Drainage class: Moderately well drained Harleston soils are in the slightly lower positions and Permeability: Slow have a coarse-loamy control section. The moderately Parent material: Stratified clayey and loamy sediments well drained Prentiss soils are in positions similar to Landscape: Coastal Plain those of the Alaga soils at the higher elevations and Landform: Low stream terraces have a coarse-loamy control section with a fragipan. Landform position: Planar and slightly concave slopes Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Typical Pedon Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults Alaga loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; 1.8 miles east of Forrest County line on Old River Road, 100 feet 1 1 1 Annemaine soils are commonly associated on the north of Old River Road; SW /4NW /4SE /4 sec. 8, T. 3 landscape with Bassfield, Cahaba, and Latonia soils. N., R. 11 W.; USGS New Augusta quadrangle; lat. 31 The well drained Bassfield, Cahaba, and Latonia soils degrees 14 minutes 36 seconds N. and long. 89 are in the slightly higher positions and have a loamy degrees 07 minutes 11 seconds W. control section. Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand; Typical Pedon weak fine granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Annemaine fine sandy loam, in an area of Cahaba- C1—6 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; strongly flooded; 3.5 miles east of Beaumont on Mississippi acid; gradual smooth boundary. Highway 98, north 0.4 mile on logging road, 50 feet 1 1 1 C2—16 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; northeast of logging road; SE /4NW /4SE /4 sec. 11, T. 2 single grained; loose; few fine roots; strongly acid; N., R. 9 W.; USGS Neely topographic quadrangle; lat. gradual smooth boundary. 31 degrees 08 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 88 C3—22 to 42 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; degrees 51 minutes 49 seconds W. single grained; loose; few fine roots; strongly acid; Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; gradual smooth boundary. weak fine granular structure; friable; many very fine C4—42 to 53 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) sand; single and fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth grained; loose; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. boundary. E—3 to 7 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine C5—53 to 80 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky single grained; loose; strongly acid. structure; friable; strongly acid; clear wavy Range in Characteristics boundary. Bt1—7 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam; Thickness of underlying soil material: More than 80 moderate medium subangular blocky structure; inches firm; common medium roots; common faint clay Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy throughout, except where the surface layer has boundary. been limed Bt2—21 to 32 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay A or Ap horizon: loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay of 2 or 3 films on faces of peds; common medium distinct Texture—loamy sand strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

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accumulation; common medium prominent light loamy sand or sand below a depth of about 50 brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly inches acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—few to many iron Bt3—32 to 41 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay depletions in shades of gray and few to many loam; moderate medium subangular blocky masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films brown on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent light Atmore Series brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep C1—41 to 53 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy Drainage class: Poorly drained loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; Permeability: Moderately slow friable; common medium distinct brownish yellow Parent material: Loamy sediments (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine Landscape: Coastal Plain distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Landform: Uplands depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy Landform position: Slight depressions and gently boundary. sloping interstream divides C2—53 to 62 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent single grained; loose; few fine distinct brownish Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; thermic Plinthic Paleaquults very strongly acid. Atmore soils are commonly associated on the Range in Characteristics landscape with Irvington soils. The moderately well drained Irvington soils have a Bt horizon that Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches dominantly has chroma of 3 or more. Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid in the A and E horizons, except where surface layer has Typical Pedon been limed, and very strongly acid or strongly acid Atmore soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2.2 miles in the B and C horizons south of New Augusta on Mississippi Highway 29, east A or Ap horizon: 300 feet on a unpaved road, south 300 feet into woods; 1 1 Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and NE /4NE /4 sec. 6, T. 2 N., R. 10 W.; USGS New chroma of 2 to 4 Augusta topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 10 Texture—fine sandy loam minutes 06 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 01 minute 38 seconds W. E horizon (if it occurs): Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine chroma of 2 to 4 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam friable; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt horizon: Eg—5 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky chroma of 6 to 8 structure; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or common fine and few medium and coarse roots; clay few fine tubular pores; common fine distinct Redoximorphic features—few to many iron yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron depletions in shades of gray and few to many accumulation; strongly acid; clear smooth masses of iron accumulation in shades of red or boundary. brown Bg/Eg—15 to 35 inches; 70 percent light brownish gray C horizon: (10YR 6/2) and 30 percent grayish brown (10YR Color—hue of 2.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular chroma of 1 to 8 blocky structure; very friable, nonsticky and Texture—loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine loam, or sandy clay loam; some pedons have tubular pores; about 20 percent, by volume,

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coarser textured E horizon material coating peds; 4 Eg horizon: percent rounded irregular plinthite segregations; few Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese accumulations of 1 or 2 in root channels; many medium distinct yellowish Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. of gray and masses of iron accumulation in Btvg1—35 to 50 inches; 55 percent light brownish gray shades of red or brown (10YR 6/2) and 45 percent strong brown (7.5YR Bg/Eg horizon: 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak medium prismatic Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma structure parting to moderate medium subangular of 1 or 2 blocky; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam few medium roots; few very fine tubular pores; few Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades faint clay films on faces of peds; 15 percent of gray and masses of iron-manganese and iron rounded irregular plinthite segregations; common accumulation in shades of red, brown, or black fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese accumulation; areas of strong brown Btvg horizon: are masses of iron accumulation; extremely acid; Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and clear smooth boundary. chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant color and Btvg2—50 to 64 inches; 55 percent light gray (10YR shades of gray, brown, red, and yellow 7/2) and 45 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or weak medium prismatic structure parting to silt loam in the upper part; loam, silt loam, silty moderate medium subangular blocky; friable, clay loam, or clay loam in the lower part; and slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few faint clay clay or sandy clay, if the horizon occurs below a films on faces of peds; 5 percent rounded irregular depth of 50 inches plinthite segregations; areas of strong brown are Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; of gray and masses of iron accumulation and clear smooth boundary. manganese concretions in shades of red, BC—64 to 72 inches; 35 percent light gray (10YR 7/2), brown, or black 35 percent pink (7.5YR 7/4), and 30 percent BC horizon: yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay loam; weak Color—multicolored in shades of brown, yellow, medium subangular blocky structure; firm, pink, and gray moderately sticky and moderately plastic; areas of Texture—clay loam or loam yellowish brown and pink are masses of iron Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth of gray and masses of iron accumulation in boundary. shades of red or brown C—72 to 83 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam; massive; friable, slightly sticky and C horizon: slightly plastic; common medium distinct light Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very of 2 to 8 strongly acid. Texture—loam Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades Range in Characteristics of gray

Solum thickness: 60 to more than 70 inches Content of plinthite: More than 5 percent at a depth of Bassfield Series 24 to 50 inches Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout, Depth class: Very deep except the surface layer in areas that have been Drainage class: Well drained limed Permeability: Moderately rapid Parent material: Loamy and sandy fluvial sediments A or Ap horizon: Landscape: Coastal Plain Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma Landform: Low stream terraces of 1 or 2 Landform position: Planar and slightly convex slopes Texture—fine sandy loam Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

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Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, A or Ap horizon: thermic Typic Hapludults Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3 Bassfield soils are commonly associated on the Texture—fine sandy loam landscape with Annemaine, Alaga, Cahaba, Latonia, and Bt horizon: Harleston soils. The moderately well drained Annemaine Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and soils are in the lower positions and have a clayey control chroma of 4 to 8 section. The excessively drained Alaga soils are in the Texture—loam or sandy loam slightly higher positions and are sandy throughout. Cahaba soils are in positions similar to those of the C horizon: Bassfield soils and have a fine-loamy control section. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 Latonia soils are in positions similar to those of the to 6; or hue of 5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 6 Bassfield soils and have a coarse-loamy control section. to 8 The moderately well drained Harleston soils are in Texture—sand or loamy sand positions similar to those of the Bassfield soils. Typical Pedon Benndale Series Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded; 3 miles west of Janice on Brooklyn Road, 200 Depth class: Very deep feet south on woodland trail, 50 feet off trail into Drainage class: Well drained 1 1 1 planted pines; NW /4NW /4NW /4 sec. 22, T. 1 N., R. 11 Permeability: Moderate W.; USGS Janice topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 Parent material: Loamy sediments degrees 02 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 89 Landscape: Coastal Plain degrees 05 minutes 16 seconds W. Landform: Uplands Landform position: Ridges, shoulders, and summits Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Slope range: 2 to 12 percent sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, friable; common medium and many fine roots; very thermic Typic Paleudults strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. A—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; Benndale soils are commonly associated on the weak fine granular structure; very friable; common landscape with Atmore, Freest, McLaurin, and medium and many fine roots; very strongly acid; Smithdale soils. The poorly drained Atmore soils are in clear smooth boundary. the lower positions and are coarse-silty. The Bt1—9 to 21 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) loam; moderately well drained Freest soils are in positions moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; similar to those of the Benndale soils and have a fine- few medium and many fine roots; sand grains loamy control section. McLaurin soils are in positions coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; similar to those of the Benndale soils and have a gradual wavy boundary. redder Bt horizon. Smithdale soils are on steep Bt2—21 to 37 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy hillslopes and have a fine-loamy control section. loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; sand grains coated and Typical Pedon bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Benndale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 3.5 C1—37 to 46 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) miles east of Runnelstown on Mississippi Highway 42, 1 1 loamy sand; massive; loose; few fine roots; very south 300 feet on a woodland road; SW /4SW /4 sec. strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 25, T. 5 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Ovett SE topographic C2—46 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 22 minutes 02 seconds N. loamy sand; massive; friable; common medium and long. 89 degrees 04 minutes 02 seconds W. distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; very strongly acid. Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; Range in Characteristics many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; Solum thickness: 36 to 60 inches clear smooth boundary. Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid, except E—4 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy where the surface layer has been limed loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many

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fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear BC horizon (if it occurs): smooth boundary. Color—mottled in shades of red, brown, or gray Bt1—8 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy Texture—sandy loam or loamy sand loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; clear smooth Bibb Series boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bt2—14 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Drainage class: Poorly drained sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky Permeability: Moderate structure; friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated Parent material: Stratified loamy and sandy alluvium and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual Landscape: Coastal Plain smooth boundary. Landform: Flood plains Bt3—25 to 47 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Landform position: Planar and slightly convex areas sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown Slope range: 0 to 1 percent (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bibb soils are commonly associated on the Bt4—47 to 68 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) landscape with Croatan, Dorovan, Stough, and Trebloc sandy loam; many coarse distinct brownish yellow soils. The very poorly drained Croatan and Dorovan (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak medium subangular soils are organic soils in depressional areas on flood blocky structure; friable, slightly brittle; some areas plains. The somewhat poorly drained Stough soils are of light gray (10YR 6/1) uncoated sand grains on on the higher stream terraces and have a coarse-loamy faces of peds; very strongly acid. control section. Trebloc soils are in depressional areas on low stream terraces and have a fine-silty control Range in Characteristics section. Solum thickness: More that 60 inches Content of plinthite (if it occurs): Less than 5 percent in Typical Pedon the BC horizon (if it occurs) Bibb silt loam in an area of Bibb and Trebloc soils, 0 to Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; 2 miles southeast the surface layer in areas that have been limed of Brooklyn on Ashe Nursery road, east 2 miles on Ap horizon: U.S. Forest Service Road 319, north 1.2 miles on U.S. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma Forest Service Road 319E, east 50 feet into woods; 1 1 1 of 2 or 3 SW /4NW /4SE /4 sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Texture—fine sandy loam Janice topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 02 minutes 38 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 07 E horizon: minutes 08 seconds W. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4 A—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; sand many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt horizon (upper part): Ag—6 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common chroma of 4 to 8 roots; few fine dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) Texture—sandy loam or loam stains around root channels; strongly acid; gradual Bt horizon (lower part): wavy boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and Cg1—18 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; chroma of 4 to 8 massive; friable; few fine roots; few fine distinct Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron loam, or loam accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Mottles (if they occur)—few to many in shades of boundary. gray, brown, or red Cg2—25 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;

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massive; friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Typical Pedon boundary. Bigbee loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, Cg3—30 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) sand; occasionally flooded; 3 miles northeast of Leaf River loose; single grained; friable; strongly acid. pulp plant on Old Augusta Road in a field, south side of Bogue Homo Creek, 200 feet east on woodland road; Range in Characteristics 1 1 SE /4SW /4 sec. 33, T. 4 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Ovett SE Thickness of underlying soil material: More than 60 topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 15 minutes 38 inches seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 00 minutes 22 Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except seconds W. the surface layer in areas that have been limed Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) A horizon: loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly of 1 or 2 acid; clear smooth boundary. Texture—silt loam C1—10 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy sand; single grained; loose; many fine and Ag horizon: medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual smooth Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma boundary. of 1 or 2 C2—16 to 32 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Texture—silt loam fine sand; single grained; loose; many fine and Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual smooth of gray and masses of iron accumulation in boundary. shades of red or brown C3—32 to 42 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine Cg horizon: sand; common medium faint very pale brown Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and (10YR 7/3) mottles; single grained; loose; very chroma of 1 or 2 strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, sand, silt C4—42 to 60 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine loam, or loam sand; common medium distinct light yellowish Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; single grained; loose; of gray and masses of iron accumulation in very strongly acid. shades of red or brown Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: 0 to 10 inches Bigbee Series Thickness of underlying soil material: More than 80 inches Depth class: Very deep Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Drainage class: Excessively drained the surface layer in areas that have been limed Permeability: Rapid A or Ap horizon: Parent material: Sandy alluvial sediments Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma Landscape: Coastal Plain of 2 to 4 Landform: Flood plains Texture—loamy sand Landform position: Natural levees Slope range: 0 to 2 percent C horizon (upper part): Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic Color—hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 to 7, and Quartzipsamments chroma of 4 to 8 Texture—sand, fine sand, or loamy sand Bigbee soils are commonly associated on the C horizon (lower part): landscape with Jena and Ouachita soils. The well Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6 to 8, and chroma drained Jena soils are in positions similar to those of of 1 to 6 the Bigbee soils and have a coarse-loamy control Texture—fine sand or sand having pockets of section. The well drained Ouachita soils are in the uncoated sand grains higher areas on the flood plains and have a fine-silty Mottles (if they occur)—shades of brown and control section. yellow

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Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron Bt3—36 to 44 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron loam; common medium distinct strong brown accumulation in shades of red or brown (7.5YR 4/6) and red (2.5YR 4/8) and common medium prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Cahaba Series firm; common faint clay films; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep C1—44 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Drainage class: Well drained loamy sand; common medium prominent yellowish Permeability: Moderate red (5YR 5/6) mottles; massive; friable; very Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Landscape: Coastal Plain C2—48 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; Landform: Stream terraces massive; common medium distinct light yellowish Landform position: Convex areas brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; single grained; loose; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent very strongly acid. Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Range in Characteristics Cahaba soils are commonly associated on the Solum thickness: 36 to 60 inches landscape with Annemaine, Bassfield, and Latonia Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except soils. The moderately well drained Annemaine soils are the surface layer in areas that have been limed in positions similar to those of the Cahaba soils and are clayey in the upper part of the subsoil. Bassfield A or Ap horizon: and Latonia soils are in the slightly higher positions Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma and are coarse-loamy in the upper part of the subsoil. of 2 to 4 Typical Pedon Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam Cahaba fine sandy loam in an area of Cahaba- E horizon: Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma flooded; 0.6 mile east on U.S. Highway 98 from of 2 to 4 intersection with Mississippi Highway 15 in Beaumont, Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam 800 feet north on paved road, 200 feet east on paved 1 1 1 Bt horizon: road, 75 feet north; NW /4SE /4NE /4 sec. 5, T. 2 N., R. Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and 9 W.; USGS Beaumont topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 chroma of 6 to 8 degrees 10 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 88 Texture—sandy clay loam, loam, or clay loam degrees 54 minutes 46 seconds W. having 18 to 35 percent clay content and 20 to Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; 50 percent silt in the upper 20 inches weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; Mottles (if they occur)—shades of red or brown strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. BC horizon (if it occurs): E—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; Color—hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4 to 8, and weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; chroma of 6 to 8 few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy Texture—sandy loam boundary. Mottles (if they occur)—shades of yellow, red, Bt1—14 to 25 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay brown, or gray loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of C horizon: peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 5YR, value of 5 or 6, and Bt2—25 to 36 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay chroma of 4 to 8 loam; common fine distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) Texture—stratified sand or loamy sand mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky Mottles (if they occur)—shades of yellow, brown, structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of or gray peds; common medium distinct light yellowish Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron brown (10YR 6/4) iron depletions; very strongly depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron acid; gradual smooth boundary. accumulation in shades of red or brown

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Croatan Series Oa horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2, and chroma of 1 Texture—10 to 30 percent fiber unrubbed and less Depth class: Very deep than 10 percent rubbed Drainage class: Very poorly drained Permeability: Moderate 2Cg horizon: Parent material: Highly decomposed organic material Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 2 to 7, and overlying loamy marine and fluvial sediments chroma of 1 to 3 Landscape: Coastal Plain Texture—variable, from sand to silt loam Landform: Flood plains Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron Landform position: Depressional areas depletions in shades of gray or masses of iron Slope range: 0 to 1 percent accumulation in shade of red, brown, or yellow Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic Terric Medisaprists Dorovan Series

Croatan soils are commonly associated on the Depth class: Very deep landscape with Bibb, Dorovan, and Ouachita soils. Bibb Drainage class: Very poorly drained and Ouachita soils are mineral soils on flood plains. Permeability: Moderate Dorovan soils are in positions similar to those of the Parent material: Highly decomposed organic material Croatan soils and have organic layers that are 51 Landscape: Coastal Plain inches thick or more. Landform: Flood plain Landform position: Depressional areas Typical Pedon Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Taxonomic class: Dysic, thermic Typic Medisaprists Croatan muck in an area of Dorovan and Croatan soils, ponded; 5.0 miles east of Runnelstown on Mississippi Dorovan soils are commonly associated on the Highway 42, north 3.2 miles on unpaved county road, landscape with Bibb, Ouachita, and Croatan soils. Bibb east 1.0 mile on paved county road, north 0.4 mile on and Ouachita soils are mineral soils on flood plains. oil field road, west 1,800 feet into hardwood forest; 1 1 Croatan soils are in positions similar to those of the NE /4SE /4 sec. 8, T. 5 N., R. 10 E.; USGS Ovett Dorovan soils and have mineral soil material within a topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 24 minutes 35 depth of 50 inches. seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 00 minutes 41 seconds W. Typical Pedon Oa1—0 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; about 25 Dorovan muck in an area of Dorovan and Croatan percent fiber unrubbed and less than 5 percent soils, ponded; 1 mile south of Oak Grove on rubbed; fibers remaining after rubbing are woody; Mississippi Highway 29, southeast and east 5.5 miles massive; nonsticky; common fine and medium on U.S. Forest Service Road 309, south 800 feet into 1 1 1 1 roots; extremely acid; gradual smooth boundary. woods; NW /4SE /4NW /4SW /4 sec. 10, T. 1 S., R. 9 W.; Oa2—15 to 29 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck; USGS Avent topographic quadrangle; lat. 30 degrees massive; nonsticky; common fine roots; extremely 58 minutes 24 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 52 acid; clear smooth boundary. minutes 57 seconds W. 2Cg1—29 to 41 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy Oa1—0 to 30 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) muck; loam; massive; nonsticky; strongly acid; gradual about 25 percent fiber unrubbed and less than 5 smooth boundary. percent rubbed; fibers remaining after rubbing are 2Cg2—41 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) loam; woody; massive; nonsticky; common fine and massive; nonsticky; strongly acid. medium roots; few partially decomposed leaves, roots, and twigs; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Range in Characteristics boundary. Solum thickness: 16 to 51 inches of organic material Oa2—30 to 60 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Thickness of underlying soil material: 64 to more than 3/2) muck; about 25 percent fiber unrubbed and 80 inches less than 4 percent rubbed; fibers remaining after Depth to contrasting soil material: 16 to 51 inches rubbing are woody; massive; nonsticky; few fine Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid roots; few woody fragments; very strongly acid.

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Range in Characteristics many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Solum thickness: 51 to more than 80 inches of organic E—7 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine material sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Reaction: Extremely acid or very strongly acid friable; few fine and medium roots; very strongly Oa horizon: acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—10 to 40 percent fiber unrubbed and less Bt1—13 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) than 1/6 of the volume rubbed; remaining fibers loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; are woody friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron Bt2—20 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red Freest Series (5YR 5/6) and few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly Depth class: Very deep acid; gradual smooth boundary. Drainage class: Moderately well drained Bt3—25 to 35 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Permeability: Moderately slow loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Parent material: Loamy sediments overlying clayey structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of sediments peds; many coarse prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) Landscape: Coastal Plain masses of iron accumulation; many coarse distinct Landform: Uplands light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Slope range: 2 to 8 percent Bt4—35 to 43 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Aquic Paleudalfs structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent red (10R 4/6) Freest soils are commonly associated on the and few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) landscape with Benndale, Irvington, Lorman, masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; Savannah, and Susquehanna soils. The well drained gradual smooth boundary. Benndale soils commonly are in positions similar to Bt5—43 to 51 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) those of the Freest soils and have a coarse-loamy silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky control section. Irvington soils are in positions similar structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately to those of the Freest soils and contain more than 5 plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; percent plinthite. Lorman soils are on hillslopes and common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of have a clayey control section. Savannah soils are in iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual the lower positions and have a fragipan. The somewhat boundary. poorly drained Susquehanna soils are in positions Bt6—51 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) similar to those of the Freest soils and have a clayey silty clay; strong medium subangular blocky control section that has vertic properties. structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine clay films on faces of peds; few Typical Pedon fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of Freest fine sandy loam in an area of Lorman-Freest- iron accumulation; very strongly acid. Susquehanna complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes; 4.5 miles west of Richton on Mississippi Highway 42, Range in Characteristics north 3 miles on paved road, northwest 400 feet on 1 Solum thickness: More than 60 inches woodland road, 50 feet west of gas pipeline; SW /4SE 1 1 Reaction: Very strongly acid, except the surface layer /4NE /4 sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Ovett in areas that have been limed topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 23 minutes 54 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 00 minutes 48 A horizon (if it occurs): seconds W. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine of 2 or 3 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; Texture—fine sandy loam

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Ap horizon (if it occurs): Typical Pedon Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 2 Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; 1.5 or 3; or hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of miles west of Janice on Brooklyn Road, 0.5 mile south 3 of highway on trail, 100 feet off of trail into woods; Texture—fine sandy loam 1 1 1 NW /4NE /4SW /4 sec. 23, T. 1 N., R. 11 W.; USGS E horizon (if it occurs): Janice topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 01 Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma minute 54 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 04 minutes of 2 to 4 24 seconds W. Texture—fine sandy loam A—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Bt horizon (upper part): fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma friable; few fine and medium roots; strongly acid; of 4 to 6 clear smooth boundary. Texture—loam or sandy clay loam E—7 to 13 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow clear smooth boundary. Bt1—13 to 20 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Bt horizon (lower part): loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 6 or 7, and structure; friable; few fine roots; few brittle peds chroma of 1 or 2; or no dominant color and having strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) interiors, 1 to 3 shades of gray, brown, and red centimeters wide; few faint clay films on faces of Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades Bt2—20 to 41 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) of gray and masses of iron accumulation in loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; shades of red, brown, or yellow friable; few fine roots; common brittle peds having strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) interiors, 1 to 3 centimeters wide; few faint clay films on faces of Harleston Series peds; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; Depth class: Very deep gradual smooth boundary. Drainage class: Moderately well drained Bt3—41 to 54 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Permeability: Moderate loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Parent material: Loamy and sandy, fluvial marine or friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; stream deposits common medium distinct light brownish gray Landscape: Coastal Plain (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual Landform: Terraces and uplands smooth boundary. Landform position: Planar and slightly convex areas Bt4—54 to 72 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Slope range: 0 to 2 percent loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common thermic Aquic Paleudults medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual Harleston soils are commonly associated on the smooth boundary. landscape with Alaga, Bassfield, Prentiss, Quitman, C—72 to 82 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and Trebloc soils. The excessively drained Alaga soils loam; massive; firm; common fine prominent red are on natural levees of stream terraces and have a (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; very sandy control section. The well drained Bassfield soils strongly acid. are in positions similar to those of the Harleston soils Range in Characteristics and have hue of 5YR or redder. Prentiss soils are in the higher positions and have a fragipan. The somewhat Solum thickness: More than 60 inches poorly drained Quitman soils are in the lower positions Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except and have a fine-loamy control section. The poorly the surface layer in areas that have been limed drained Trebloc soils are in the lower positions and Distinctive features: Few to common brittle peds in the have a fine-silty control section. Bt horizon

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A or Ap horizon: miles south of New Augusta on Mississippi Highway Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma 29, right 0.25 mile on U.S. Forest Service Road 360, 1 1 1 of 1 to 3 about 50 feet into woods; SE /4NW /4SW /4 sec. 21, T. 1 Texture—loam or fine sandy loam N., R. 10 W.; USGS Taylor Hill topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 01 minute 48 seconds N. and long. 89 E horizon (if it occurs): degrees 00 minutes 25 seconds W. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4 A—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; Bt horizon (upper part) clear smooth boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and E—3 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak chroma of 4 to 8 fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and Texture—sandy loam or loam medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron boundary. depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron Bt1—8 to 20 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Bt horizon (lower part): friable; many fine and common medium roots; sand Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and grains coated and bridged with clay; very strongly chroma of 2 to 8 acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam Bt2—20 to 64 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; of gray and masses of iron accumulation in friable; few fine and medium roots; sand grains shades of red, brown, or yellow coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid. C horizon (if it occurs): Range in Characteristics Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and Solum thickness: More than 60 inches chroma of 2 to 8 Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam where the surface layer has been limed Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron accumulation in A horizon: shades of red, brown, or yellow Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3 Texture—fine sandy loam Heidel Series E horizon (if it occurs): Depth class: Very deep Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma Drainage class: Well drained of 3 or 4 Permeability: Moderate Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy Parent material: Loamy marine sediments sand Landscape: Coastal Plain Bt horizon: Landform: Terraces and uplands Color—hue of 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of Landform position: Hillslopes 5 to 8 Slope range: 15 to 25 percent Texture—sandy loam or loam having few or Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, common pockets of uncoated sand grains in thermic Typic Paleudults lower part Heidel soils are commonly associated on the landscape with McLaurin and Smithdale soils. Irvington Series McLaurin soils are in the higher positions and have a bisequum. Smithdale soils are in positions similar to Depth class: Very deep those of the Heidel soils and have a fine-loamy control Drainage class: Moderately well drained section. Permeability: Slow Parent material: Loamy marine sediments Typical Pedon Landscape: Coastal Plain Heidel fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes; 12.5 Landform: Uplands

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Landform position: Summits and shoulders between prisms, some seams bordered by red Slope range: 0 to 5 percent (10R 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; very Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. thermic Plinthic Fragiudults Btx—52 to 82 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure Irvington soils are commonly associated on the parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; landscape with Freest, Lorman, McLaurin, and firm and brittle in 85 percent of the volume; light Smithdale soils. The associated soils do not have a brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam iron fragipan. Freest soils are in positions similar to those of depletions in seams 1 to 1.5 inches wide between the Irvington soils. The well drained McLaurin soils are prisms, some seams bordered by red (10R 4/8) in positions similar to those of the Irvington soils. The masses of iron accumulation; many fine and few moderately well drained Lorman and well drained medium roots in seams; common prominent strong Smithdale soils are in the lower positions. brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films; few coarse distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation and Typical Pedon common medium distinct light brownish gray Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes; 6 (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid. miles southwest of Janice on Mississippi Highway 29, Range in Characteristics west-northwest 1.1 miles on U.S. Forest Service Road 319, about 25 feet northeast of road at junction with Solum thickness: More than 60 inches 1 1 1 U.S. Forest Road 319K; NW /4NE /4SE /4 sec. 3, T. 1 S., Content of plinthite: 5 to 20 percent in the Btv and Btvx R. 11 W.; USGS Bond Pond topographic quadrangle; horizons lat. 30 degrees 59 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 89 Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid, except the degrees 04 minutes 30 seconds W. surface layer in areas that have been limed Distinctive features: Fragipan at a depth of 20 to 34 A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; inches weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. A or Ap horizon: E—5 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky of 2 or 3 structure; friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; Texture—fine sandy loam clear smooth boundary. E horizon: Bt—12 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky of 3 to 6 structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint clay Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam films on faces of peds; few rounded iron concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy Bt horizon: boundary. Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and Btv—23 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) chroma of 4 to 8 sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy blocky structure; friable; 15 percent very hard loam, or loam plinthite segregations having strong brown (7.5YR Btv horizon: 5/6) exteriors and red (10R 4/8) interiors; common Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and distinct clay films on faces of peds; few pale brown chroma of 4 to 8 (10YR 6/3) iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy wavy boundary. loam, or loam Btvx—34 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure of gray or brown and masses of iron parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; accumulation in shades of brown or red firm and brittle in 75 percent of the volume; common prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay Btvx and Btx horizons: films on faces of peds; many fine and few medium Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and roots in seams; 16 percent plinthite segregations chroma of 4 to 8 having strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) exteriors and red Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay (10R 4/8) interiors; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam, or loam iron depletions in seams 1 to 1.5 inches wide Redoximorphic features—few to many iron

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depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron Range in Characteristics accumulation in shades of red or brown Solum thickness: 30 to 50 inches Depth to contrasting soil material: 30 to 50 inches Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Jena Series the surface layer in areas that have been limed Depth class: Very deep A horizon: Drainage class: Well drained Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma Permeability: Moderate of 2 to 4 Parent material: Loamy alluvium Texture—silt loam Landscape: Coastal Plains Bw horizon: Landform: Flood plains Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma Landform position: Slightly convex natural levees of 3 to 6 Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silt loam, Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, or loam thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts C horizon: Jena soils are commonly associated on the Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma landscape with Bigbee and Ouachita soils. The of 3 to 6 excessively drained Bigbee soils are in positions Texture—sandy loam or loamy fine sand similar to those of the Jena soils on the flood plains and have a sandy control section. The well drained Ouachita soils are in the lower positions and have a Latonia Series fine-silty control section. Depth class: Very deep Typical Pedon Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately rapid Jena silt loam in an area of Ouachita-Jena complex, 0 Parent material: Loamy and sandy alluvium to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; 1.5 miles west Landscape: Coastal Plains of New Augusta on U.S. Highway 98, about 0.4 mile Landform: Low stream terraces northwest of railroad bridge, 25 feet east of woodland 1 1 Landform position: Planar and convex areas road, 600 feet west of Leaf River; SW /4SE /4 sec. 14, Slope range: 0 to 2 percent T. 3 N., R. 11 W.; USGS New Augusta topographic Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 12 minutes 53 seconds N. thermic Typic Hapludults and long. 89 degrees 04 minutes 18 seconds W. A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Latonia soils are commonly associated on the loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many landscape with Annemaine, Bassfield, Cahaba, and fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth Prentiss soils. The moderately well drained Annemaine boundary. soils are in positions similar to those of the Latonia Bw1—3 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak soils and have a clayey control section. The well fine granular structure; friable; few fine roots; drained Bassfield soils are in positions similar to those strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. of the Latonia soils. The well drained Cahaba soils are Bw2—13 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) in positions similar to those of the Latonia soils, have silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky hue that is redder than 7.5YR, and have a fine-loamy structure; friable; few fine pores; strongly acid; control section. The moderately well drained Prentiss gradual smooth boundary. soils are in the higher areas and have a fragipan. Bw3—26 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Typical Pedon silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few uncoated sand grains; Latonia loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. flooded; 3.5 miles west of Janice on Brooklyn-Janice C1—38 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Road, 0.1 mile south on trail, 50 west into woods; SW 1 1 1 sandy loam; very friable; massive; strongly acid; /4SW /4SE /4 sec. 16, T. 1 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Janice gradual smooth boundary. topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 02 minutes 28 C2—48 to 62 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 02 minutes 30 sandy loam; very friable; massive; strongly acid. seconds W.

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A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand; Lorman Series weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep E—6 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine Drainage class: Moderately well drained sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky Permeability: Very slow structure; very friable; many fine roots; very Parent material: Clayey and loamy marine sediments strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Landscape: Coastal Plain Bt1—10 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Landform: Uplands sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Landform position: Hillslopes friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films Slope range: 5 to 40 percent on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic boundary. Hapludalfs Bt2—18 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Lorman soils are commonly associated on the friable; few fine roots; common faint clay films on landscape with Freest, Irvington, McLaurin, and faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Susquehanna soils. These associated soils are in the boundary. higher positions. The moderately well drained Freest Bt3—30 to 37 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy soils have a fine-loamy control section. The moderately loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; well drained Irvington soils have a fine-loamy control friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; section and more than 5 percent plinthite. The well very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. drained McLaurin soils have a coarse-loamy control 2C1—37 to 58 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) section. The somewhat poorly drained Susquehanna loamy sand; single grained; loose; few sand soils have a thicker solum than that of the Lorman pockets; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. soils. 2C2—58 to 65 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Typical Pedon sand; single grained; loose; extremely acid. Lorman silt loam in an area of Lorman-Freest- Range in Characteristics Susquehanna complex, 5 to 15 percent slopes; 2 miles north of Runnelstown on Pump Station road, 0.25 mile Solum thickness: 20 to 45 inches south on driveway, 250 feet south of house into Depth to contrasting soil material: 20 to 45 inches 1 1 cutover; NW /4SE /4 sec. 17, T. 5 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Ovett topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 23 the surface layer in areas that have been limed minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 07 minutes 01 second W. A horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma A—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine of 1 to 3 granular structure; friable; strongly acid; clear Texture—loamy sand smooth boundary. E—3 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine E horizon: sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma structure; friable; strongly acid; clear smooth of 2 to 6 boundary. Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam Bt1—8 to 14 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; Bt horizon: common faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma prominent brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions; very of 4 to 8; or hue of 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. chroma of 4 to 6 Bt2—14 to 25 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; 2C horizon: common medium prominent brown (10YR 5/3) and Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma common fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR of 3 to 6 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; gradual Texture—sand or loamy sand wavy boundary.

Interim Publication—January 1999 124 Soil Survey

Btgss—25 to 44 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty C horizon: clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and structure; firm; very few faint clay films on faces of chroma of 1 or 2 peds; few slickensides that do not intersect; Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium of gray and masses of iron accumulation in faint light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; shades of red, brown, or yellow very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. C—44 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam having lenses of fine sandy loam and Lucedale Series clay loam 2 to 12 inches in thickness; massive; friable; common fine distinct olive yellow (5Y 6/6) Depth class: Very deep masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid. Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Range in Characteristics Parent material: Loamy sediments Landscape: Coastal Plain Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Landform: Uplands Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid, except Landform position: Summits the surface layer in areas that have been limed; Slope range: 0 to 2 percent strongly acid or moderately acid in the Bt horizon; Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, and moderately acid to moderately alkaline in the thermic Rhodic Paleudults C horizon Lucedale soils are commonly associated on the A horizon: landscape with Atmore, McLaurin, and Smithdale soils. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma The poorly drained Atmore soils are in depressional of 2 or 3 areas on upland summits and have a coarse-loamy Texture—fine sandy loam or silt loam control section. The well drained McLaurin soils have E horizon: 10 to 18 percent clay in the upper part of the Bt Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma horizon, have a bisequum, and are on summits and of 3 or 4 ridges. The well drained Smithdale soils are on Texture—fine sandy loam or loam hillslopes and have higher values than the Lucedale soils in the surface layer and subsoil. Bt horizon (upper part): Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and Typical Pedon chroma of 4 to 6 Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; 0.6 mile north of Texture—silty clay loam or clay George County line on paved road, 1,500 feet east of Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron Mars Hill Baptist Church Road, 500 feet north into depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron 1 1 pasture; SW /4NE /4 sec. 32, T. 1 S., R. 9 W.; USGS accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow Barbara topographic quadrangle; lat. 30 degrees 55 Bt horizon (lower part): minutes 08 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 54 Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and minutes 33 seconds W. chroma of 3 to 8 Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) loam; Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. of gray and masses of iron accumulation in BA—7 to 11 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) shades of red, brown, or yellow loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Btgss horizon: friable and firm; common fine roots; very strongly Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and acid; clear smooth boundary. chroma of 2 to 8 Bt1—11 to 25 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades friable; common fine roots; common faint clay films of gray and masses of iron accumulation in on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual shades of red, brown, or yellow smooth boundary.

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Bt2—25 to 65 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy clay shoulders, and side slopes and have a thick, sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; epipedon. friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; very Typical Pedon strongly acid. McLaurin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 2.5 Range in Characteristics miles southwest of Richton on Old Augusta-Richton Road, 0.2 mile south and 0.3 mile east into McSwain Solum thickness: 60 to more than 80 inches Community on paved road to unpaved road, 75 feet Reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid, except 1 1 north into open field; SE /4SW /4 sec. 11, T. 4 N., R. 10 the surface layer in areas that have been limed W.; USGS Richton topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 Ap horizon: degrees 19 minutes 02 seconds N. and long. 88 Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3, and degrees 58 minutes 44 seconds W. chroma of 2 to 4 A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Texture—fine sandy loam or loam sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very BA horizon: friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear Color—hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3, and smooth boundary. chroma of 2 to 4 E—5 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine Texture—sandy loam or loam sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth Bt horizon: boundary. Color—hue of 2.5YR, value of 3, and chroma of 4 Bt1—10 to 14 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy to 6 loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam friable; few fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. McLaurin Series Bt2—14 to 28 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy loam; few fine distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; Depth class: Very deep moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Drainage class: Well drained friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; Permeability: Moderate very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Parent material: Loamy sediments Bt3—28 to 40 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Landscape: Coastal Plain loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Landform: Uplands structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged Landform position: Summits, ridges, and shoulders with clay; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Slope range: 0 to 8 percent boundary. Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, B/E—40 to 46 inches; 90 percent yellowish red (5YR thermic Typic Paleudults 5/8) sandy loam (B), 10 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand (E); weak medium McLaurin soils are commonly associated on the subangular blocky structure; very friable; very landscape with Benndale, Heidel, Lorman, Lucedale, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Savannah, Smithdale, and Wadley soils. The well B´t—46 to 60 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy loam; drained Benndale soils are in positions similar to those weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; of the McLaurin soils and have hue of 7.5YR or sand grains coated and bridged with clay; very browner. The well drained Heidel and Smithdale soils strongly acid. are on hillslopes and do not have a bisequum. The moderately well drained Lorman soils are on hillslopes Range in Characteristics and have a clayey control section. The well drained Solum thickness: More than 60 inches Lucedale soils are on upland summits, have a fine- Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except loamy control section, and are in a Rhodic subgroup. the surface layer in areas that have been limed The moderately well drained Savannah soils are in the lower positions, have hue that is browner than 5YR, A or Ap horizon: and have a fine-loamy control section. The somewhat Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma excessively drained Wadley soils are on ridges, of 2 to 4

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Texture—fine sandy loam A1—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; E horizon: few coarse and many medium and fine roots; very Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. of 2 to 6 A2—6 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Texture—sandy loam or fine sandy loam silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky Bt horizon: structure; friable; common medium and many fine Color—hue of 5YR to 10R, value of 4 or 5, and roots; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. chroma of 4 to 8 Bw1—12 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt Texture—sandy loam or loam loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Mottles (if they occur)—shades of red structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. B/E horizon: Bw2—23 to 41 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt Color—hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and loam; moderate medium subangular blocky chroma of 4 to 8 (B) and hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, structure; friable; few medium and fine roots; value of 4 to 8, and chroma of 3 to 6 (E) strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Texture—loamy sand or sandy loam Bw3—41 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt B´t horizon: loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Color—hue of 5YR to 10R, value of 4 or 5, and structure; friable; few medium distinct light chroma of 4 to 8 brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or loam strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. C1—57 to 74 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; few areas Ouachita Series of clean sand grains; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Depth class: Very deep C2—74 to 82 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very Drainage class: Well drained fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common Permeability: Moderate medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron Parent material: Loamy sediments depletions; very strongly acid. Landscape: Coastal Plain Landform: Flood plains Range in Characteristics Landform position: Planar and slightly convex areas Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Solum thickness: 40 to more than 80 inches Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Depth to contrasting soil material: More than 40 inches Fluventic Dystrochrepts Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except the surface layer in areas that have been limed Ouachita soils are commonly associated on the landscape with Bigbee, Croatan, Dorovan, Jena, and A or Ap horizon: Trebloc soils. The excessively drained Bigbee soils are Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma on natural levees. The very poorly drained Croatan and of 3 or 4 Dorovan soils are in the lower sloughs on flood plains. Texture—silt loam The well drained Jena soils are on the slightly higher Bw horizon: natural levees and have a coarse-loamy control Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma section. The poorly drained Trebloc soils are in the of 3 to 8 lower areas on the flood plains. Texture—silt loam or loam Typical Pedon Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron depletions in shades of gray Ouachita silt loam in an area of Ouachita-Jena complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded; 700 C horizon: feet north of Black Creek on Fairley Bridge Road, 250 Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma 1 1 1 feet east into woods; NE /4NE /4NE /4 sec. 34, T. 1 N., of 3 to 8 R. 10 W.; USGS Barbara topographic quadrangle; lat. Texture—silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam 30 degrees 55 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 88 Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron degrees 58 minutes 14 seconds W. depletions in shades of gray

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Prentiss Series brittle; common fine voids; common faint clay films of faces of peds; common coarse faint pale brown Depth class: Very deep (10YR 6/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Drainage class: Moderately well drained depletions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth Permeability: Moderately slow boundary. Parent material: Loamy sediments Btx2—33 to 68 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Landscape: Coastal Plain sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure Landform: Uplands parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; Landform position: Ridgetops and shoulders firm; more than 70 percent compact and brittle; few Slope range: 0 to 5 percent fine voids; common faint clay films on faces of Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, peds; many fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) thermic Glossic Fragiudults masses of iron accumulation; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Prentiss soils are commonly associated on the depletions; very strongly acid. landscape with Alaga, Harleston, Latonia, Stough, and Range in Characteristics Trebloc soils. The excessively drained Alaga soils are in the lower areas and have a sandy control section. Solum thickness: More than 60 inches The moderately well drained Harleston soils are in the Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except lower areas and do not have a well developed fragipan the surface layer in areas that have been limed within a depth of 50 inches. The well drained Latonia Distinctive features: Fragipan at a depth of 20 to 32 soils are in the lower areas and do not have a fragipan. inches The somewhat poorly drained Stough soils are also in Ap horizon (if it occurs): the lower areas. The poorly drained Trebloc soils are in Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma the lower depressional areas and have a fine-silty of 2 to 6 control section. Texture—fine sandy loam Typical Pedon A horizon (if it occurs): Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 2.3 of 1 to 3 miles north of Old Augusta on Buck Creek Road, 600 Texture—fine sandy loam feet east on woodland road into cutover area; SW 1 1 /4SW /4 sec. 31, T. 4 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Ovett Bt horizon: topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 15 minutes 34 Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 02 minutes 39 chroma of 4 to 6 seconds W. Texture—loam, silt loam, or sandy loam Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron Ap—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt1—6 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy Btx horizon: loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and friable; many fine roots; sand grains coated and chroma of 4 to 6 bridged with clay; few medium faint strong brown Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. of gray and masses of iron accumulation in Bt2—19 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) shades of red, brown, or yellow sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few coarse faint yellowish brown (10YR Quitman Series 5/4) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Btx1—27 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained sandy loam; moderate very coarse prismatic Permeability: Moderately slow structure parting to moderate medium subangular Parent material: Loamy marine or fluvial sediments blocky; firm; more than 70 percent compact and Landscape: Coastal Plain

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Landform: Flood plains structure; firm; about 20 percent, by volume, Landform position: Broad concave areas and narrow compact and brittle; common distinct clay films on drainageways faces of peds; few fine roots; many medium and Slope range: 0 to 2 percent coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron thermic Aquic Paleudults accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Quitman soils are commonly associated on the Btx2—38 to 62 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) landscape with Harleston, Prentiss, Savannah, Stough, clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky and Trebloc soils. The moderately well drained structure; firm, about 20 percent, by volume, Harleston soils are on stream terraces. The moderately compact and brittle; common distinct clay films on well drained Prentiss and Savannah soils are faces of peds; many medium and coarse distinct commonly in the higher positions and have a fragipan. yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and prominent The somewhat poorly drained Stough soils are in yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron positions similar to those of the Quitman soils and are accumulation; very strongly acid. coarse-loamy. The poorly drained Trebloc soils are in Range in Characteristics depressional areas on stream terraces and have a fine- silty control section. Solum thickness: More than 60 inches Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Typical Pedon the surfaces layer in areas that have been limed Quitman fine sandy loam in an area of Trebloc-Quitman A horizon: complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded; 0.4 mile Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma west of Bogue Homo Creek on Mississippi Highway of 1 or 2 42, north 1.25 miles on paved county road, west 250 1 1 Texture—fine sandy loam feet into woods; NE /4SW /4 sec. 19, T. 5 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Ovett topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees E horizon: 22 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 02 Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and minutes 12 seconds W. chroma of 2 to 4 Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine A—0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy sand loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and common medium roots; very Bt horizon: strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and E—5 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; chroma of 4 to 8 moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay common fine and few medium roots; many loam wormcasts; very strongly acid; gradual smooth Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades boundary. of gray and masses of iron accumulation in Bt1—13 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) shades of red, brown, or yellow loam; moderate medium subangular structure; Btx horizon: friable; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and films on faces of peds; many medium distinct chroma of 2 to 4 yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam; or accumulation; very strongly acid; gradual smooth silty clay in the lower part (if it occurs) boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades Bt2—19 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) of gray and masses of iron accumulation in loam; moderate medium subangular blocky shades of red, brown, or yellow structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red Savannah Series (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Depth class: Very deep depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Drainage class: Moderately well drained Btx1—27 to 38 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Permeability: Moderately slow loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Parent material: Loamy sediments

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Landscape: Coastal Plain many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and Landform: Uplands common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) Landform position: Ridges, summits, and shoulders masses of iron accumulation; common medium Slope range: 2 to 5 percent distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, depletions; very strongly acid. thermic Typic Fragiudults Range in Characteristics Savannah soils are commonly associated on the Solum thickness: 50 to more than 80 inches landscape with Freest, McLaurin, and Smithdale soils. Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except Freest soils are on ridges and shoulders and do not the surface layer in areas that have been limed have a fragipan. The well drained McLaurin soils are on Distinctive features: Fragipan at a depth of 20 to 38 summits and ridges, do not have a fragipan, and have inches a coarse-loamy control section. Smithdale soils are on Ap horizon: hillslopes, are well drained, and do not have a fragipan. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma Typical Pedon of 1 to 3 Texture—fine sandy loam Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; 0.25 mile north of Runnelstown on Mississippi Highway 29, E horizon: 1 1 about 500 feet west into pasture; SW /4SW /4 sec. 21, Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma T. 5 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Ovett topographic quadrangle; of 2 or 3 lat. 31 degrees 22 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 89 Texture—loam or fine sandy loam degrees 06 minutes 39 seconds W. Bt horizon: Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5, and sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very chroma of 4 to 8 friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; gradual Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features (if they occur)—iron E—5 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; depletions in shades of gray and masses of iron weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Btx horizon: Bt1—10 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 loam; moderate fine and medium subangular to 8 blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. of gray and masses of iron accumulation in Bt2—17 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) shades of red, brown, or yellow loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds; Smithdale Series very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Btx1—28 to 41 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Depth class: Very deep loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting Drainage class: Well drained to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; Permeability: Moderate firm, compact and brittle in about 6 percent of Parent material: Loamy sediments volume; few fine voids; common faint clay films on Landscape: Coastal Plain faces of peds; common medium distinct brown Landform: Uplands (7.5YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; few fine Landform position: Hillslopes faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Slope range: 8 to 15 percent very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, Btx2—41 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) thermic Typic Hapludults clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; Smithdale soils are commonly associated on the firm, compact and brittle in about 65 percent of landscape with Benndale, Heidel, Lucedale, McLaurin, volume; common faint clay films in pores and on Savannah, and Wadley soils. Benndale soils are on faces of peds; many fine pores; few fine voids; ridges and shoulders, have hue of 7.5YR or browner,

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and have a coarse-loamy control section. Heidel soils E horizon: are in positions similar to those of the Smithdale soils Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma and have a coarse-loamy control section. Lucedale of 3 or 4 soils are in the higher areas and are in a Rhodic Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loamy subgroup. McLaurin soils are on ridges, summits, and sand shoulders; have a bisequum; and have a coarse-loamy Bt horizon (upper part): control section. The moderately well drained Savannah Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and soils are in the lower areas, have hue that is browner chroma of 6 to 8 than 5YR, and have a fragipan. The somewhat Texture—clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam excessively drained Wadley soils are on ridges, Mottles (if they occur)—shades of red and brown shoulders, and side slopes and have a thick, sandy epipedon. Bt horizon (lower part): Color—hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and Typical Pedon chroma of 6 to 8 Texture—loam or sandy loam that has pockets of Smithdale fine sandy loam in an area of Benndale- pale brown sand grains Smithdale complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes; 3 miles Mottles (if they occur)—shades of red and brown south from Runnelstown on Mississippi Highway 29, east 1.5 miles on paved road, south 1 mile on paved road, east 0.75 mile on unpaved road, south 100 feet; 1 1 Stough Series SW /4SW /4 sec. 1, T. 4 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Ovett SE topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 20 minutes 10 Depth class: Very deep seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 03 minutes 39 Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained seconds W. Permeability: Moderately slow A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Parent material: Loamy sediments sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very Landscape: Coastal Plain friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear Landform: Terraces smooth boundary. Landform position: Nearly level areas E—6 to 13 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Slope range: 0 to 2 percent sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual thermic Fragiaquic Paleudults smooth boundary. Bt1—13 to 33 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; Stough soils are commonly associated on the weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; landscape with Bibb, Prentiss, and Trebloc soils. The common fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged poorly drained Bibb soils are in the lower areas. The with clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. moderately well drained Prentiss soils have a fragipan Bt2—33 to 39 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; and are in the higher areas. The poorly drained Trebloc weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; soils have a fine-silty control section and are in the few fine roots; sand grains coated and bridged with lower depressional areas. clay; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bt3—39 to 65 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy loam; Typical Pedon weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; Stough fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few flooded; 6 miles south of Richton on Mississippi pockets of uncoated sand grains; strongly acid. Highway 15 to Hintonville, 2.8 miles east on paved road, 0.5 mile north on woodland road, 20 feet west of Range in Characteristics 1 1 road in forest; NE /4SE /4 sec. 34, T. 4 N., R. 9 W.; Solum thickness: More than 60 inches USGS Brewer topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except 15 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 52 the surface layer in areas that have been limed minutes 33 seconds W. A horizon: A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 2 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; or 3 common medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth Texture—fine sandy loam boundary.

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E—6 to 13 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Btx horizon (upper part): loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common Color—hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 4 to medium roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy 6, or no dominant color and shades of brown, boundary. gray, or red Bt—13 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Texture—loam loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay of gray and masses of iron accumulation in films on faces of peds; common medium distinct shades of red, brown, or yellow yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron Btx horizon (lower part): accumulation; common medium faint light brownish Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; of 4 to 6 gradual wavy boundary. Texture—loam Btx1—25 to 37 inches; multicolored yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades (10YR 5/6), light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and of gray and masses of iron accumulation in dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) loam; moderate shades of red, brown, or yellow medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, slightly compact, brittle in about 50 percent of the volume; few faint Susquehanna Series clay films on faces of peds; areas of yellowish brown and dark yellowish brown are masses of iron Depth class: Very deep accumulation and areas of light brownish gray are Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained iron depletions; strongly acid; gradual wavy Permeability: Very slow boundary. Parent material: Marine and stream deposits of silty Btx2—37 to 65 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR clay and clay 6/4) loam; weak medium prismatic structure Landscape: Coastal Plain parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; Landform: Uplands firm, slightly compact, brittle in about 40 percent of Landform position: Summits and ridges the volume; few faint clay films on faces of peds; Slope range: 2 to 15 percent common faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic depletions; very strongly acid. Paleudalfs Range in Characteristics Susquehanna soils are commonly associated on the Solum thickness: More than 60 inches landscape with Freest, Benndale, and Lorman soils. Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except The moderately well drained Freest soils are on the surface layer in areas that have been limed summits and ridges and have a fine-loamy control Distinctive features: Fragipan at a depth of 9 to 26 section. The well drained Benndale soils are on ridges inches and have a coarse-loamy control section. The moderately well drained Lorman soils are on hillslopes A horizon: and have a solum that is less than 60 inches thick. Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2 Typical Pedon Texture—fine sandy loam Susquehanna fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; E horizon: 11 miles south of New Augusta on Mississippi Color—hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 2 Highway 29, east 5.5 miles on U.S. Forest Service to 4 Road 385, south 2 miles on U.S. Forest Service Road Texture—fine sandy loam 315, west 0.5 mile on logging road to section line; SW 1 1 /4SW /4 sec. 16, T. 1 N., R. 9 W.; USGS Taylor Hill Bt horizon: topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 degrees 02 minutes 34 Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 52 minutes 31 chroma of 4 to 6; or no dominant color and seconds W. shades of gray and brown Texture—loam or sandy loam A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades weak fine granular structure; very friable; common of gray and masses of iron accumulation in fine and few medium and coarse roots; strongly shades of red, brown, or yellow acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

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E—4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak fine surface layer in areas that have been limed subangular blocky structure; very friable; common Distinctive features: Few to common fine to coarse, fine and few medium and coarse roots; strongly striated, grooved and tongued slickensides in the acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Btss horizon Bt1—7 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; A horizon: moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma firm; common fine and few medium roots; common of 1 to 3 distinct clay films on vertical and horizontal faces Texture—fine sandy loam of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt2—16 to 23 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) clay; E horizon: moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on chroma of 1 to 4 vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses Bt horizon: of iron accumulation; common medium prominent Color—hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; very chroma of 4 to 8 strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay Btss1—23 to 37 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very of gray and masses of iron accumulation in firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on shades of red, brown, or yellow faces of peds; common nonintersecting striated slickensides; few rounded soft masses of iron- Btss horizon: manganese; common medium prominent red Color—hue of 5Y or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and (2.5YR 4/6) and few medium prominent strong chroma of 1 to 8 brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades Btss2—37 to 64 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay; of gray and masses of manganese and iron moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very accumulation in shades of red, brown, or yellow firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common nonintersecting grooved and tongued slickensides, 4 to 8 inches across, at 35 to Trebloc Series 55 degree inclinations; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and few medium prominent strong Depth class: Very deep brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; Drainage class: Poorly drained very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Permeability: Moderately slow Btss3—64 to 79 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silty clay; Parent material: Moderately fine textured fluvial weak medium subangular blocky structure; very sediments firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; Landscape: Coastal Plain few distinct nonintersecting slickensides; few Landform: Low stream terraces medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Landform position: Broad concave areas and narrow masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; drainageways gradual smooth boundary. Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Btss4—79 to 86 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silty clay; Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; Typic Paleaquults common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few nonintersecting slickensides; few prominent black Trebloc soils are commonly associated on the (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese or iron- landscape with Bibb, Harleston, Prentiss, Quitman, and manganese accumulation; few coarse prominent Stough soils. The poorly drained Bibb soils are in strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron positions similar to those of the Trebloc soils and have accumulation; very strongly acid. a coarse-loamy control section. The moderately well drained Harleston soils are in the higher positions and Range in Characteristics have a coarse-loamy control section. The moderately Solum thickness: More than 60 inches well drained Prentiss soils are in the higher positions Reaction: Very strongly acid throughout, except the and have a coarse-loamy control section with a

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fragipan. The somewhat poorly drained Quitman soils Distinctive features: None to many black manganese are in positions similar to those of the Trebloc soils and concretions in the Btg horizon have a fine-loamy control section. The somewhat A or Ap horizon: poorly drained Stough soils are in the slightly higher Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma positions and have a coarse-loamy control section that of 1 or 2 has fragic properties. Texture—silt loam Typical Pedon E horizon: Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma Trebloc silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently of 1 or 2 flooded; 6.5 miles north of Old Augusta on Buck Creek Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam Road, 1.5 miles east-southeast on paved road, 50 feet 1 1 east of the road; SW /4NE /4 sec. 17, T. 4 N., R. 10 W.; Btg horizon: USGS New Augusta topographic quadrangle; lat. 31 Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and degrees 18 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 89 chroma of 1 or 2 degrees 01 minute 08 seconds W. Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt of gray; masses of iron accumulation in shades loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; of red, brown, or yellow; and black manganese common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; concretions gradual smooth boundary. E—5 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Wadley Series Btg1—8 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Depth class: Very deep silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular Drainage class: Well drained blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint Permeability: Moderate clay films on faces of peds; common medium Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron Landscape: Coastal Plain accumulation; strongly acid; gradual smooth Landform: Uplands boundary. Landform position: Ridges and hillslopes Btg2—20 to 33 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty Slope range: 0 to 15 percent clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of Grossarenic Paleudults peds; few distinct silt coatings on peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of Wadley soils are commonly associated on the iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual smooth landscape with McLaurin and Smithdale soils. The well boundary. drained McLaurin soils are on ridges, shoulders, and Btg3—33 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty summits; have a bisequum; and do not have a thick, clay; moderate medium subangular blocky sandy epipedon. The well drained Smithdale soils are structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of on hillslopes and do not have a thick, sandy epipedon. peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly Typical Pedon acid; gradual smooth boundary. Btg4—48 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty Wadley fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes; about 2.5 clay; moderate coarse angular blocky structure; miles north of the Stone County line on Mississippi firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common Highway 29, east 0.75 mile on paved county road, 500 fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of feet east then 50 feet north of gas pipeline right-of-way; 1 1 iron accumulation; strongly acid. SW /4SW /4 sec. 19, T. 1 S., R. 10 W.; USGS Bond Pond topographic quadrangle; lat. 30 degrees 57 Range in Characteristics minutes 02 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 02 minutes 11 seconds W. Solum thickness: More than 60 inches Reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid, except A—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; weak the surface layer in areas that have been limed fine granular structure; very friable; common fine

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and medium and few coarse roots; very strongly Bt4—85 to 95 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy acid; gradual smooth boundary. loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; E1—8 to 19 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; very friable; few medium and coarse roots; few single grained; loose; common medium roots; very faint clay bridges between sand grains; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. strongly acid. E2—19 to 31 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/4) sand; single grained; loose; few fine and medium roots; Range in Characteristics very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Solum thickness: More than 80 inches E3—31 to 50 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid, except lamella about 0.5 to 1 centimeter thick; weak the surface layer in areas that have been limed medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; Distinctive features: The combined thickness of the A few fine and medium roots; few pockets of very and E horizons ranges from 40 to 79 inches; pale brown (10YR 8/3) uncoated sand having lamella or zones of clay enrichment or depletion charcoal fragments; few dark yellowish brown can occur in the lower part of the E horizon, in the (10YR 4/4) stains along root channels; strongly E/Bt horizon (if it occurs), and in the Bt horizon. acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Bt1—50 to 65 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy A or Ap horizon: loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma very friable; common fine and medium roots; few of 2 to 4 faint clay bridges between sand grains; very Texture—fine sand or sand strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. E horizon: Bt2—65 to 74 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 8, and chroma loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; of 3 to 5 very friable; common fine roots; few faint clay Texture—sand or loamy sand; none to few lamella bridges between sand grains; very strongly acid; in lower part gradual wavy boundary. Bt3—74 to 85 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/8) sandy Bt horizon: loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Color—hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and very friable; common fine and few medium roots; chroma of 4 to 8 pockets of reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/8) loamy sand Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy 0.5 to 8 centimeters in diameter; few faint clay clay loam bridges between sand grains; very strongly acid; Mottles (if they occur)—shades of red, yellow, and gradual wavy boundary. brown 135

Formation of the Soils

In this section the factors of soil formation are nitrogen in the soils, for gains or losses in plant described and related to the soils in Perry County. The nutrients, and for changes in soil structure and processes of horizon development and the geology of porosity. the county are also described. Vegetation, mainly hardwoods and pine trees in Perry County, have an effect on soil formation. Trees Factors of Soil Formation recycle plant nutrients by sending roots deep into the soils. As leaves and woody parts decay on the Soil is formed through the interaction of five major surface, the nutrients are slowly released to other factors—climate, living organisms, relief, time, and plants. parent material. The kind of soil that develops in a Earthworms, crayfish, insects, and burrowing given area is determined by these factors, although the animals, such as the gopher tortoise, mix soil layers effect of any one factor is difficult to isolate. and increase the rate of downward movement of air, water, and plant roots into the soil. Climate Bacteria, molds, and fungi break down organic matter, improving the structure, fertility, and tilth of the Rainfall and temperature have been important in soil soil. formation in Perry County. Summers are hot, and People have a profound influence on the soils in winters are mild. Annual rainfall averages 63 inches Perry County. The removal of plant cover during over most of the county. farming or logging increases runoff and the rate of The warm temperatures have limited the erosion. Also, human manipulation of the land surface accumulation of organic matter and allowed for the may change the frequency and duration of flooding. development of microorganisms and the deep penetration of plant roots. High rainfall over time has Relief resulted in chemical weathering of soils in stable, upland landscape positions. Most of these soils have Relief, or topography, affects soil formation through its had most of the bases leached out of the solum, influence on drainage, erosion, and plant cover. Slope resulting in predominantly siliceous mineralogy and influences how rapidly water runs off or soaks into the strongly or very strongly acid soils that have low soil. The development of the soil profile and the amount natural fertility. of leaching in the profile depend on the amount of water Patterns of rainfall distribution cause soils to be that enters the soil. Soils that are nearly level or gently alternately wet and dry. Clay particles in the surface sloping, such as Lucedale and McLaurin soils, have a layer detach as water moves through a soil. This very deep profile because most of the rainfall percolates creates a layer of excessive leaching that consists through the soil. Steep soils, such as Smithdale and almost entirely of quartz sand and silt grains. The clay Lorman soils, have more runoff and less percolation, particles are deposited in lower layers as the water resulting in a relatively shallow profile. The hazard of slows. As the clay accumulates the water moves even erosion is greater in steeper areas because of the slower, the deposition of the clay accelerates, and the increased runoff. In some parts of the county, the lower layers become more clayey. landscape is flat to concave. In these areas, water is ponded or runs off very slowly and the soils can have a Living Organisms thick surface layer of humified organic matter. Plants, animals, earthworms, insects, and Time microorganisms have an important effect on the formation of soils. Living organisms are largely Soil characteristics and properties are determined responsible for the amount of organic matter and by the length of time that soil forming factors have 136 Soil Survey

been active. Thousands of years may be required for interaction of the five soil forming factors are recorded the formation of well defined genetic horizons. in the soil profile. Generally, a soil profile shows a Genetically, the soils of Perry County range from succession of layers, or horizons, from the surface young to very old. Differences in age can be noted in down to the parent material. The horizons differ from the profile development of the soils. The youngest soils one another in one or more properties, such as are those on flood plains where sediments have been thickness, color, texture, structure, consistency, deposited in recent times. Soils on stream terraces are porosity, and reaction. older and more developed than those on flood plains. Most profiles consist of three major horizons, which The oldest soils are those in the stable upland are designated A, B, and C. The A horizon is the positions. Over time, profound differences in soil surface layer, the B horizon is the subsoil layer, and characteristics are determined by subtle differences in the C horizon is the parent material or the substratum the upland landscape. Seemingly small differences in layer. Some young soils do not have a B horizon. topography create increasingly magnified differences Several processes are involved in the formation of within the soil profile as time passes. these horizons. In Perry County, the most significant processes are leaching of bases, accumulation of Parent Material organic matter, and formation, alteration, and translocation of silicate clay minerals. Parent material is the unconsolidated organic and Most of the organic matter in a soil accumulates in mineral matter in which a soil forms. It determines the the A horizon. Soils in Perry County range from low to chemical and mineral composition of the soil. Soils in high in content of organic matter. Alaga soils have a Perry County formed in Miocene-aged sediments of sandy A horizon that is low in organic matter. Dorovan the Hattiesburg Formation, Pliocene-aged sediments and Croatan soils have a surface layer that is of the Citronelle Formation, and reworked sediments of composed mainly of organic matter and that contains recent age. very little mineral matter. Susquehanna and Lorman soils formed in sediments Between the A and B horizons, most of the soils in of the Hattiesburg Formation. These sediments are the county have a subsurface layer that has been stratified clays and silts of marine or nonmarine origin. leached of most silicate clay and sesquioxide minerals. McLaurin, Heidel, Smithdale, Benndale, Lucedale, and This layer consists primarily of quartz and is Savannah soils formed in loamy sediments of the designated an E horizon. Wadley soils have a relatively Citronelle Formation. Wadley soils formed in dominantly thick E horizon. sandy sediments of the Citronelle Formation. Freest soils The B horizon lies below the A or E horizon. The B formed in loamy sediments overlying clayey sediments. horizon is either a layer of accumulation of silicate clay Other soils formed in material deposited during the or sesquioxide minerals translocated from overlying Quaternary geologic period. The Quaternary period is horizons or a layer that shows evidence of alteration divided into the Pleistocene and Recent ages. Alluvial and structural development but no translocation or sediments deposited during the Pleistocene age are on accumulation. A B horizon that has an accumulation of ancient stream terraces above present-day flood silicate clay is designated a Bt horizon. It commonly is plains. Annemaine, Cahaba, Quitman, and Trebloc soils firmer and has blocky structure. The McLaurin and formed in clayey and loamy alluvial sediments on Smithdale soils have a distinct Bt horizon. A stream terraces. Bassfield, Harleston, Latonia, subsurface layer that shows structural development Prentiss, and Stough soils formed in loamy and sandy but does not have an accumulation of clay is alluvial sediments on stream terraces. designated a Bw horizon. Bibb, Bigbee, Ouachita, and Jena soils formed in Some soils have a B horizon that has an sandy and loamy alluvial sediments on flood plains and accumulation of silicate clay and is very dense and have little horizon development. Croatan and Dorovan brittle. This layer is designated a Btx horizon or a soils formed in thick deposits of organic matter on fragipan. The layer is so dense and compact that plant stream terraces and narrow drainageways. roots cannot penetrate the greater part of the soil volume in the layer. The formation of this layer is not fully understood. In Perry County, fragipans apparently Processes of Horizon form at the contact between different types of parent Development material. The Savannah soil has a distinct Btx horizon. Another significantly different type of B horizon has This section briefly describes horizon nomenclature nodular concentrations of iron oxides. When exposed to and the processes of horizon development. The several cycles of wetting and drying, these brittle

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nodules irreversibly harden into ironstone fragments. include closed, undrained depressions. The largest of This feature is called plinthite, and a horizon that has these depressions, which is more than 30 acres in plinthite is designated by the symbol Btv. In Perry size, is about 5 miles south-southwest of Richton. The County, plinthite is intermittent and apparently forms origin of these shallow, saucerlike features is much where water percolating throughout the profile is disputed. The depressions occur in more places and in arrested by a less permeable layer. Malbis soils have a larger sizes in counties south and east of Perry distinct Btv horizon. County. The C horizon has been influenced relatively little by Locally flat, steplike, stream-cut terrace remnants soil forming processes, but it can consist of material occur along the valley walls of Bogue Homo Creek and modified by weathering. Bibb and Bigbee soils have a Thompson’s Creek. Such features are present, but less C horizon directly below the A horizon. well preserved, on the valley walls along the Leaf River. Valley floors vary in width from less than one-half mile in the upper reaches of Thompson’s Creek to more Geology than one mile along Bogue Homo Creek. They are as Richard L. Bowen, Ph.D., professor, Department of Geology, much as three miles wide along the Leaf River, which University of Southern Mississippi, prepared this section. is the major stream into which all others ultimately drain. Low terraces occur on the valley floors along all Perry County is not covered in a specific manner by major streams. They typically mark the limits of a published geological report. About 130 of the 648 prolonged flooding. The terraces on valley floors are square miles in the county were geologically mapped in characteristically erosional features, commonly with detail by R.L. Bowen in 1979. This mapping was done less than 10 inches of “terrace deposits” on top of in association with studies concerning the potential substrate. For unknown reasons, stream drainage utility for nuclear waste isolation of the Richton Salt networks in Perry County are about twice as well Dome, which is beneath and to the northwest of the developed north of the Leaf River as they are south of town of Richton, and the Cypress Creek Salt Dome, the river. which is in the southern part of the county. This mapping, however, is not readily accessible. Published Surface Geologic Units geologic maps for contiguous counties appear in the reports for Forrest County, George County, and Wayne Hattiesburg Formation (Miocene). Across much of County (4, 7, 17). Jones County and Greene County Perry County, this geologic unit constitutes the have not yet been mapped geologically. substrate under the hills and beneath large portions of the valley floors. It consists mostly of light bluish gray Physiography to medium olive silty to clayey deposits, which are commonly best described as lutites. A few lenses and All of Perry County lies within the extensive Piney beds of fine sand and a few sections of plastic or Woods Physiographic Province, which extends from swelling clays are scattered through the unit in Perry Louisiana to Alabama. This province features low relief County. The total thickness of the unit is more than 200 (up to 300 feet) and rolling hills underlain by dominantly feet. Lenses of sand that have up to 15 percent gravel clayey to sandy, weakly indurated, late Cenozoic are in scattered areas in this formation. They are sediments. Well developed, broad stream valleys that perhaps best developed in the east valley wall along have extensive bottom lands and flood plains Bogue Homo Creek. Except where the sandy beds are constitute a little less than one-third of the total area of present, this deposit is essentially impermeable and is Perry County. subject to sheet wash during storms. The Hattiesburg Formation is a nonmarine deposit. In some places it Topography contains a small amount of charcoal debris and petrified wood, which is rarely preserved in such Elevation in Perry County varies from slightly below condition as to permit identification of the type of tree. 60 feet where the Leaf River crosses the eastern Citronelle Formation (?Late Miocene to Mid- border of the county to 384 feet at the western border Pliocene). This formation consists of poorly indurated of the county in Camp Shelby. Hilltop flatlands are sands and gravels that lie upon an irregular, hilly scattered in all divide areas. Locally these flats, which surface developed on the Hattiesburg Formation. Areas are remnants of a formerly continuous, nearly in Perry County vary in thickness from less than 1 foot horizontal surface, are up to 4 square miles in size and to more than 150 feet. Some locally developed lenses are undistorted. In some areas, these upland flats of silty to clayey deposits occur within the Citronelle

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Formation. Much more commonly, however, lenses of and states to the east. These sandy deposits gravel (up to 3 inches in diameter) constitute an commonly are stained in shades of red, orange, and important variant. The lenses are up to 60 feet in yellow. The stains were produced by deposition of iron thickness. Concretionary units (up to 6 inches thick) of oxides as water migrated down through the highly secondarily deposited iron oxides, sometimes called permeable sediments. “hardpan or ironstone,” occur commonly at the Alluvium (Late Quaternary). The stream systems Citronelle-Hattiesburg contact and occasionally at now present in Perry County became established as a horizons at which either particle size or unit consequence of erosion following Quaternary uplift and permeability change sharply within the dominantly warping. Thus, the modern drainage net is completely sandy Citronelle. unrelated to the stream systems of the former alluvial The Citronelle Formation lacks diagnostic fossils. plain complex of the Citronelle Formation. Valley wall However, a petrified tree trunk was found in the terraces formed as a consequence of alternating formation at a site three miles south-southeast of accelerated and slowed erosion resulting from Ovett. The tree trunk was more than 15 meters in alternating glacial and interglacial periods during the length and more than 1 meter in diameter at the base. recent Pleistocene Ice Ages. Only in the parts of the The geologic unit accumulated as a complex of sand valley of Bogue Homo Creek and Thompson’s Creek and gravel and over bank deposits made by a near their confluence with the Leaf River and along the collection of frequently migrating streams. When the valley of the Leaf River itself are thick deposits of accumulation ceased, the formation’s upper surface modern, active alluvium present. This alluvium is (now preserved as the flat erosional remnants largely constituted of sand and gravel. Thin veneers of described above) was part of an enormous alluvial active alluvium also occur along the lower courses of plain, which then extended over much of Mississippi the larger tributaries of these principal streams. 139

References

(1) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 1982. Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing. Ed. 13, 2 vols.

(2) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1993. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487.

(3) Day, Paul R., and others. 1956. Report of the Committee on Physical Analysis, 1954-1955. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20:167-169.

(4) Foster, Vellora Meek. 1941. Forrest County mineral resources. MS Geol. Surv. Bull. 44.

(5) Hawley, J.W., and Parsens, R.B. 1980. Glossary of selected geomorphic and geologic terms. Mimeo. U.S. Dep. Agric., Soil Conserv. Ser.

(6) Jones, E. Malcolm, et al. 1922. Soil Survey of Perry County, Mississippi. U.S. Dep. Agric., Bureau of Soils.

(7) May, James E., and others. 1974. Wayne County geology and mineral resources. MS Geol., Econo., and Topo. Surv. Bull. 117.

(8) Mills, Robert, and Sam B. Jones, Jr. 1969. The composition of a Mesic southern mixed hardwood forest in south Mississippi. Castanea. 34:62-66.

(9) Mississippi Department of Agriculture. 1989. Mississippi agricultural statistics, supplement no. 23.

(10) Strickland, Ben, and Jean Strickland. 1979. Records of Perry County, Mississippi. vol. 1.

(11) United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1987. Forest statistics for Mississippi counties. Southern Forest Experiment Station. Resource Bull. 129

(12) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 210.

(13) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436.

(14) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1984. Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods of analysis for soil survey. Soil Surv. Invest. Rep. 1.

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(15) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1992. Keys to soil taxonomy. 5th ed. Soil Surv. Staff, Soil Manage. Support Serv. Tech. Monogr. 19.

(16) United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Surv. Staff, U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18.

(17) Williams, Charles H., Jr.; Theo H. Dinkins, Jr.; and Thomas E. McCutcheon, 1966. George County geology and mineral resources. MS Geol., Econo., and Topo. Surv. Bull. 108.

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Glossary

ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon. available for use by most plants. It is commonly Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or defined as the difference between the amount of on steep, rocky slopes. soil water at field moisture capacity and the Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon expressed as: dioxide and lower in oxygen. Very low ...... 0 to 3 Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single Low ...... 3 to 6 mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as Moderate ...... 6 to 9 granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods High ...... 9 to 12 are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Very high ...... more than 12 Alluvial cone. The material washed down the sides of mountains and hills by ephemeral streams and Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms the deposited at the mouth of gorges in the form of a steepest inclined surface and principal element of moderately steep, conical mass descending many hillsides. Back slopes in profile are equally in all directions from the point of issue. commonly steep, are linear, and may or may not Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it include cliff segments. issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree, stream near or at its junction with its main stream. generally referring to the section at breast height Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of deposited on land by streams. stand density, commonly expressed in square feet. Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in Base saturation. The degree to which material having 1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the cation-exchange properties is saturated with presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic expressed as a percentage of the total cation- feature. exchange capacity. Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000 thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine, pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month. or marine sediment. Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized Bedding system. A drainage system made by by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface features. of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows. an accumulation of illuvial clay. Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and Arroyo. The flat-floored channel of an ephemeral other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at stream, commonly with very steep to vertical the surface. banks cut in alluvium. Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces. the configuration and relief of the landforms are Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous determined or strongly influenced by the underlying areas geographically associated in a characteristic bedrock. repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a Bisequum. Two sequences of soil horizons, each of single map unit. which consists of an illuvial horizon and the Available water capacity (available moisture overlying eluvial horizons. 142 Soil Survey

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream, has steep faces primarily resulting from glacial ice subject to flooding. and snow abrasion. Breaks. The steep and very steep broken land at the Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less border of an upland summit that is dissected by than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural ravines. class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above the less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 ground surface; the point on a tree where diameter percent silt. measurements are ordinarily taken. Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or content of iron, manganese, and clay because of biological methods to make conditions favorable the chemical reduction of iron and manganese and for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A type from woody vegetation and thus allow understory of redoximorphic depletion. grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the increases forage production and thus reduces the surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. some species of wildlife. Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand. Butte. An isolated small mountain or hill with steep or Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning or precipitous sides and a top variously flat, rounded, establishing terraces, diversions, and other water- or pointed that may be a residual mass isolated by control structures on a complex slope is difficult. erosion or an exposed volcanic neck. Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil Cable yarding. A method of moving felled trees to a or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern nearby central area for transport to a processing or so small in area that it is not practical to map facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of them separately at the selected scale of mapping. a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement The pattern and proportion of the soils or similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees areas. generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or the Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal entire log is suspended. symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See plane. They typically take the form of concentric Crown.) layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate, Canyon. A long, deep, narrow, very steep sided valley iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local compounds making up concretions. If formed in relief. place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil oxide are generally considered a type of particles and in tiny spaces between particles. redoximorphic concentration. Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds Conglomerate. A coarse grained, clastic rock capillary water in the soil. composed of rounded or subangular rock Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It The common soil cations are calcium, potassium, commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. material. Conglomerate is the consolidated Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of equivalent of gravel. exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 combination with needed cultural and management grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other practices. In a good conservation cropping system, stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is the soil-improving crops and practices more than synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is offset the effects of the soil-depleting crops and more precise in meaning. practices. Cropping systems are needed on all Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation tilled soils. Soil-improving practices in a through the use of chemicals. conservation cropping system include the use of Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or rotations that contain grasses and legumes and more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen the return of crop residue to the soil. Other hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal practices include the use of green manure crops of plow depth. grasses and legumes, proper tillage, adequate Cirque. A semicircular, concave, bowllike area that fertilization, and weed and pest control.

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Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not is called the culmination of the mean annual invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount increment. of crop residue on the surface throughout the year. Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion tend to cave in or slough. and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes grazing land for a prescribed period. resistance of soil material to rupture and to Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near the of puddled soil material; and the manner in which mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body the soil material behaves when subject to of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or lake. compression. Terms describing consistence are Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. or summer fallow. Desert pavement. On a desert surface, a layer of Control section. The part of the soil on which gravel or larger fragments that was emplaced by classification is based. The thickness varies upward movement of the underlying sediments or among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that that remains after finer particles have been part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches removed by running water or the wind. and 40 or 80 inches. Dip slope. A slope of the land surface, roughly Coppice dune. A small dune of fine grained soil determined by and approximately conforming to material stabilized around shrubs or small trees. the dip of the underlying bedrock. Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, action that dissolves or weakens concrete or generally a terrace, built to protect downslope uncoated steel. areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to Divided-slope farming. A form of field stripcropping in improve and protect the soil between periods of which crops are grown in a systematic regular crop production, or a crop grown between arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One Cropping system. Growing crops according to a strip is in a close-growing crop that provides planned system of rotation and management protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a practices. crop that provides less protection from erosion. Crop residue management. Returning crop residue to This practice is used where slopes are not long the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be organic matter content, and fertility and helps to used. control erosion. Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting farming duration of wet periods under conditions similar to operations on sloping farmland in such a way that those under which the soil formed. Alterations of tillage is across the general slope. the water regime by human activities, either Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the through drainage or irrigation, are not a living branches and their foliage. consideration unless they have significantly Cuesta. A hill or ridge that has a gentle slope on one changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes side and a steep slope on the other; specifically, of natural soil drainage are recognized— an asymmetric, homoclinal ridge capped by excessively drained, somewhat excessively resistant rock layers of slight or moderate dip. drained, well drained, moderately well drained, Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI). somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very The average annual increase per acre in the poorly drained. These classes are defined in the volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total “Soil Survey Manual.” volume of the stand by its age. As the stand Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water, increases in age, the mean annual increment from an area. continues to increase until mortality begins to Draw. A small stream valley that generally is more reduce the rate of increase. The point where the open and has broader bottom land than a ravine or stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth gulch.

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Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of days after a soaking rain; also called normal field mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary that is in the process of decomposition and capacity. includes everything from the litter on the surface to Fill slope. A sloping surface consisting of excavated underlying pure humus. soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution downhill side of the road. or colloidal suspension from one place to another Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material Firebreak. Area cleared of flammable material to stop through eluviation are eluvial; those that have or help control creeping or running fires. It also received material are illuvial. serves as a line from which to work and to Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in facilitate the movement of firefighters and which all horizons between the upper boundary of equipment. Designated roads also serve as saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. firebreaks. Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream, that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It subject to frequent or occasional flooding. receives no long-continued supply from melting Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a snow or other source, and its channel is above the stream and is subject to flooding unless protected water table at all times. artificially. Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river perched water table in a soil in which saturated action, as a fluvial plain. layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated Foothill. A steeply sloping upland that has relief of as layers within 2 meters of the surface. much as 1,000 feet (300 meters) and fringes a Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by mountain range or high-plateau escarpment. water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by Footslope. The inclined surface at the base of a hill. such processes as gravitational creep. Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic (underbrush) covering the ground in a forest. processes acting over long geologic periods and Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the and development because of given physical and building up of such landscape features as flood biological factors by which it may be differentiated plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural from other stands. erosion. Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid porosity and content of organic matter and low or than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. such as a fire, that exposes the surface. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. or cliff breaking the general continuity of more When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from pressure rather than to deform slowly. erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp. Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the especially to the processes or soil-forming factors soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel or responsible for the formation of the solum, or true sand for construction purposes. soil, from the unconsolidated parent material. Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage, active deposition, incised by younger and lower resulting in the reduction of iron and other alluvial surfaces. elements in the profile and in gray colors. Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide Graded stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper grade toward a protected waterway. balance, for the growth of specified plants when Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed waterway, light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass as factors are favorable. protection against erosion. Conducts surface water Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a away from cropland. soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 diameter. An individual piece is a pebble.

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Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving crop surface in which an accumulation of humified grown to be plowed under in an early stage of organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. maturity or soon after maturity. Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of originally part of a B horizon. the material below the water table. E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or running water and through which water ordinarily some combination of these. runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to transition from the overlying A to the underlying C be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, tillage. sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or except by blasting or by the use of special browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a equipment that is not commonly used in combination of these. construction. C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, excluding Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil- layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey forming processes and does not have the and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium properties typical of the overlying soil material. The carbonate, or other substance. material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil that in which the solum formed. If the material is material intermediate in degree of decomposition known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic between the less decomposed fibric material and numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C. the more decomposed sapric material. Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and the soil. corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. from these crops can be used to control erosion The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but until the next crop in the rotation is established. it can be directly below an A or a B horizon. These crops return large amounts of organic Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable matter to the soil. part of the organic matter in mineral soils. Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands, according to their runoff potential. The soil commonly of limited summit area and having a properties that influence this potential are those well defined outline; hillsides generally have slopes that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on of more than 15 percent. The distinction between a a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is dependent on when the soil is not frozen. These properties are local usage. depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration Hillslope. A generic term for the steeper part of the hill rate and permeability after prolonged wetting, and between its summit and the drainage line, valley depth to a very slowly permeable layer. The slope flat, or depression floor at the base of the hill (5). and the kind of plant cover are not considered but Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to are separate factors in predicting runoff. the surface, having distinct characteristics Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a produced by soil-forming processes. In the molten or partially molten state. Major varieties identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are represents the major horizons. Numbers or andesite, basalt, and granite. lowercase letters that follow represent subdivisions Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one of the major horizons. An explanation of the horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally, subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey material is removed from an upper horizon and Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are deposited in a lower horizon. as follows: Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and decaying roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is plant residue. absolutely impervious to air and water all the time. A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that

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increase in amount as the more desirable plants crops or in orchards so that it flows in only one are reduced by close grazing. Increasers direction. commonly are the shorter plants and the less Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and under palatable to livestock. low pressure to the surface of the soil or into the Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the soil through such applicators as emitters, porous immediate surface of soil or other material, as tubing, or perforated pipe. contrasted with percolation, which is movement of Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made by water through soil layers or material. cultivation implements. Furrows are used for tree Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which water and row crops. can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface conditions. through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system. Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates the Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or surface of the soil at any given instant, usually tile lines until the water table is raised enough to expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be wet the soil. limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is rate at which water is applied at the surface. allowed to flow onto an area without controlled Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the soil distribution. under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial rate; Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent the rate decreases with application time. Therefore, landforms. intake rate for design purposes is not a constant Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or but is a variable depending on the net irrigation other material by percolating water. application. The rate of water intake, in inches per Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil hour, is expressed as follows: passes from a plastic to a liquid state. Less than 0.2 ...... very low Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay 0.2 to 0.4 ...... low particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less 0.4 to 0.75 ...... moderately low than 52 percent sand particles. 0.75 to 1.25 ...... moderate Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for 1.25 to 1.75 ...... moderately high silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from 1.75 to 2.5 ...... high these crops is not adequate to control erosion until More than 2.5 ...... very high the next crop in the rotation is established. These crops return little organic matter to the soil. Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream, Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to support that flows for prolonged periods only when it loads. receives ground-water discharge or long, continued Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting contributions from melting snow or other surface chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in and shallow subsurface sources. approximately equal amounts. Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil content of iron and manganese oxide because of matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay with the surrounding soil material and cannot be content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds type of redoximorphic depletion. making up masses are calcium carbonate, gypsum Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and manganese production of crops. Methods of irrigation are: oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide or Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level manganese oxide generally are considered a type plains surrounded by levees or dikes. of redoximorphic concentration. Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled for seeding, brush management, and other by small earth ridges called border dikes, or management practices. borders. Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt Controlled flooding.—Water is released at intervals loam, or silt. from closely spaced field ditches and distributed Mesa. A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly uniformly over the field. isolated upland mass characterized by summit Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely widths that are more than the heights of bounding spaced furrows or ditches in fields of close-growing erosional scarps.

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Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of iron low in organic material. Its bulk density is more oxide or manganese oxide are considered types of than that of organic soil. redoximorphic concentrations. Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant production and prevention of soil damage. essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy loam, boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay water. loam, or silty clay loam. Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface various stages of decomposition. The content of horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation organic matter in the surface layer is described as and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the follows: upper part of the subsoil. Very low ...... less than 0.5 percent Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, Low ...... 0.5 to 1.0 percent including the texture, structure, porosity, Moderately low ...... 1.0 to 2.0 percent consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, Moderate ...... 2.0 to 4.0 percent and biological properties of the various horizons, High ...... 4.0 to 8.0 percent and the thickness and arrangement of those Very high ...... more than 8.0 percent horizons in the soil profile. Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as movement of water and the growth of roots. For follows: abundance—few, common, and many; example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast— traffic pan. faint, distinct, and prominent. The size Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and measurements are of the diameter along the mineral material in which soil forms. greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 granule, a prism, or a block. millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, Pedisediment. A thin layer of alluvial material that more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). mantles an erosion surface and has been Mountain. A natural elevation of the land surface, transported to its present position from higher lying rising more than 1,000 feet above surrounding areas of the erosion surface. lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.” (relative to a plateau) and generally having steep A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to sides. A mountain can occur as a single, isolated permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from mass or in a group forming a chain or range. about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10 Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic square meters), depending on the variability of the soil material. (See Sapric soil material.) soil. Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of Percolation. The downward movement of water silt and clay in approximately equal amounts. through the soil. Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees of Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma. through the soil adversely affects the specified For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with use. hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4. Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that or air to move downward through the profile. The contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is adverse effect on the physical condition of the accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil subsoil. physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil (See Reaction, soil.) Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal the engineering profession and with traditional structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow manganese oxide are common compounds making continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

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describing permeability, measured in inches per same size. Because there is little difference in size hour, are as follows: of the particles, density can be increased only Extremely slow ...... 0.0 to 0.01 inch slightly by compaction. Very slow ...... 0.01 to 0.06 inch Poor outlets (in tables). Refers to areas where surface Slow ...... 0.06 to 0.2 inch or subsurface drainage outlets are difficult or Moderately slow ...... 0.2 to 0.6 inch expensive to install. Moderate ...... 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches Potential native plant community. See Climax plant Moderately rapid ...... 2.0 to 6.0 inches community. Rapid ...... 6.0 to 20 inches Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth). Very rapid ...... more than 20 inches Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on no properties restricting the penetration of roots to features that affect its use and management, such this depth. as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and specific management purposes, under the alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.) appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or and at the proper time of day. pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil. Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for producing Plasticity index. The numerical difference between the a specified plant or sequence of plants under liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of specific management. moisture content within which the soil remains Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending plastic. through all its horizons and into the parent material. Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that changes from semisolid to plastic. maintains enough cover to protect the soil and Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the summit area that is considerably elevated (more desirable vegetation. This practice increases the than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants separated from them on one or more sides by and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch escarpments. necessary to conserve soil and water. Playa. The generally dry and nearly level lake plain that Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a occupies the lowest parts of closed depressional soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to areas, such as those on intermontane basin floors. pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees precipitation and runoff. of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values, Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly are: weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other Ultra acid ...... less than 3.5 diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, Extremely acid ...... 3.5 to 4.4 usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Very strongly acid ...... 4.5 to 5.0 Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone Strongly acid ...... 5.1 to 5.5 hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated Moderately acid ...... 5.6 to 6.0 wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also Slightly acid ...... 6.1 to 6.5 to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can Neutral ...... 6.6 to 7.3 be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite. Slightly alkaline...... 7.4 to 7.8 Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil directly Moderately alkaline ...... 7.9 to 8.4 below the plowed layer. Strongly alkaline ...... 8.5 to 9.0 Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed Very strongly alkaline ...... 9.1 and higher depressions. Unless the soils are artificially drained, the water can be removed only by Red beds. Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and percolation or evapotranspiration. are made up largely of sandstone and shale. Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules, permeability, the soil may not adequately filter concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other effluent from a waste disposal system. features resulting from the accumulation of iron or Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil manganese oxide. An indication of chemical material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

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Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of which iron and manganese oxide or a combination saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been into an unlined auger hole. removed. These zones are indications of the Scarification. The act of abrading, scratching, chemical reduction of iron resulting from loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to saturation. increase water absorption or to provide a more Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic tillable soil. concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alpha- flood plain (or first bottom) of a river. dipyridyl, and other features indicating the Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified manganese compounds resulting from saturation. use. Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II). and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.) The chemical reduction results from nearly Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a almost alike, except for differences in texture of change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after the surface layer. All the soils of a series have exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, type of redoximorphic feature. and arrangement. Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface, Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of considered collectively. soil material from the land surface by the action of Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated rainfall and surface runoff. erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when dry not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling machinery. can damage roads, dams, building foundations, Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical and other structures. It can also damage plant means during road construction. It is commonly on roots. the uphill side of the road. Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots. percent clay. Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic by plant roots. criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream and have similar conservation needs or channels from an area. The water that flows off the management requirements for the major land uses surface of the land without sinking into the soil is in the survey area. called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site before reaching surface streams is called ground- based on the height of the dominant stand at an water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral height attained by dominant and codominant trees fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a 75 feet, the site index is 75. soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces sand and not more than 10 percent clay. produced by one mass sliding past another. In Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip sand-sized particles. surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly blocks, prisms, and columns; and in swelling decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has clayey soils, where there is marked change in the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk moisture content. density, and the lowest water content at saturation Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the of all organic soil material. horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive distance divided by horizontal distance, then

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multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. the solum below plow depth. Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, practices are required to ensure satisfactory ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan. performance of the soil for a specific use. Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum. Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds, Subsurface layer. Technically, the E horizon. Generally resulting from restricted permeability in the soil. refers to a leached horizon lighter in color and Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with lower in content of organic matter than the trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, overlying surface layer. and other equipment commonly used in Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, construction. or EB) below the surface layer. Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth properties resulting from the integrated effect of from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). climate and living matter acting on earthy parent Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the material, as conditioned by relief over periods of “Ap horizon.” time. Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging of these horizons. between specified size limits. The names and Talus. Fragments of rock and other soil material sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in accumulated by gravity at the foot of cliffs or steep the United States are as follows: slopes. Very coarse sand ...... 2.0 to 1.0 Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a series Coarse sand ...... 1.0 to 0.5 recognized in the classification system. Such soils Medium sand ...... 0.5 to 0.25 are named for a series they strongly resemble and Fine sand ...... 0.25 to 0.10 are designated as taxadjuncts to that series Very fine sand ...... 0.10 to 0.05 because they differ in ways too small to be of Silt ...... 0.05 to 0.002 consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Clay ...... less than 0.002 Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only when one or more of their characteristics are slightly outside Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C the range defined for the family of the series for horizon, in which the processes of soil formation which the soils are named. are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed across and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of sloping soils on the contour or at a slight angle to the material in these horizons are unlike those of the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff the material below the solum. The living roots and so that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to plant and animal activities are largely confined to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a field generally is the solum. built so that the field can be farmed. A terrace Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil intended mainly for drainage has a deep channel particles into compound particles or aggregates. that is maintained in permanent sod. The principal forms of soil structure are—platy Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat (laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea. longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular), and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic textural granular. Structureless soils are either single classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, massive (the particles adhering without any regular loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, cleavage, as in many hardpans). silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam classes the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects may be further divided by specifying “coarse,” the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after “fine,” or “very fine.” harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related next crop, and during the early growing period of to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling the new crop. emergence, and root penetration.

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Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base areas that are excavated at an angle across a of a hill; part of a footslope. sloping road. They are used to reduce the Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the downward velocity of water and divert it off and most favorable material for plant growth. It is away from the road surface. Water bars can easily ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to be driven over if constructed properly. topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by Weathering. All physical and chemical changes mining. produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example, earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils changes result in disintegration and decomposition in extremely small amounts. They are essential to of the material. plant growth. Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The Unstable fill (in tables). Risk of caving or sloughing on moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at banks of fill material. which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than the much that it does not recover when placed in a alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the humid, dark chamber. lowlands along streams. Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional the wind.

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153

Tables 154 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1958-87 at Richton, Mississippi.)

______| | | Temperature | Precipitation |______| | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| | | | | |______10 will have-- | Average | |______will have-- | Average | Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snowfall |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch| | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more | ______| | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | | o F_ | o_F | o_F | o_F | o F_ | Units_____ | In__ | In__ | In__ | | In__ | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 57.6 | 32.3 | 45.0 | 77 | 9 | 59 | 5.52 | 3.24| 7.54| 8 | 0.2 | | | | | | | | | | | February----| 62.2 | 35.4 | 48.8 | 81 | 15 | 95 | 5.71 | 3.00| 8.08| 7 | 0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | March------| 70.1 | 42.9 | 56.5 | 85 | 22 | 239 | 6.27 | 3.68| 8.57| 7 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | April------| 78.2 | 50.9 | 64.6 | 90 | 31 | 438 | 5.07 | 1.81| 7.77| 6 | 0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | May------| 84.1 | 58.1 | 71.1 | 93 | 38 | 654 | 4.56 | 2.20| 6.60| 6 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | June------| 90.1 | 64.6 | 77.4 | 98 | 49 | 822 | 4.10 | 1.96| 5.94| 7 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July------| 92.2 | 68.0 | 80.1 | 99 | 59 | 933 | 6.34 | 3.57| 8.80| 10 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | August------| 91.3 | 67.5 | 79.4 | 98 | 58 | 911 | 5.14 | 3.11| 6.96| 8 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | September---| 87.6 | 62.6 | 75.1 | 96 | 43 | 753 | 4.54 | 2.00| 6.70| 6 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | October-----| 79.4 | 49.8 | 64.6 | 92 | 28 | 453 | 3.29 | .69| 5.35| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | November----| 69.8 | 41.3 | 55.6 | 85 | 20 | 209 | 4.43 | 1.91| 6.57| 6 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | December----| 61.7 | 35.5 | 48.6 | 80 | 13 | 109 | 5.62 | 3.07| 7.87| 7 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average---| 77.0 | 50.7 | 63.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Extreme---| --- | --- | --- | 100 | 9 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5,675 | 60.59 | 49.78| 71.33| 82 | 0.4 ______| | | | | | | | | | |

* A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).

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Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1958-87 at Richton, Mississippi.)

______| | Temperature |______Probability | | | | 24oF | 28oF | 32oF ______| or lower | or lower | or lower | | | | | | Last freezing | | | temperature | | | in spring: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | later than-- | Mar. 17 | Apr. 3 | Apr. 9 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | later than-- | Mar. 11 | Mar. 28 | Apr. 5 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | later than-- | Feb. 26 | Mar. 16 | Mar. 27 | | | First freezing | | | temperature | | | in fall: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Nov. 11 | Oct. 24 | Oct. 17 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Nov. 18 | Oct. 30 | Oct. 22 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Dec. 2 | Nov. 11 | Oct. 31 ______| | |

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1958-87 at Richton, Mississippi.)

______| | Daily minimum temperature | during growing season |______Probability | | | | Higher | Higher | Higher | than | than | than | 24oF | 28oF | 32oF ______| | | | ____Days | ____Days | ____Days | | | 9 years in 10 | 249 | 214 | 199 | | | 8 years in 10 | 259 | 223 | 205 | | | 5 years in 10 | 278 | 240 | 217 | | | 2 years in 10 | 297 | 257 | 229 | | | 1 year in 10 | 309 | 267 | 236 ______| | |

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Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils ______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent ______symbol| | | | | | | | | Al |Alaga loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,066 | 0.3 AT |Atmore soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 2,148 | 0.5 BaA |Bassfield fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded------| 5,674 | 1.4 BdB |Benndale fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 11,451 | 2.8 BdC |Benndale fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 5,286 | 1.3 BhD |Benndale-Smithdale complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes------| 52,489 | 12.6 Bk |Bibb silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 5,004 | 1.2 BM |Bibb and Trebloc soils, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 11,667 | 2.8 Bn |Bigbee loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------| 7,783 | 1.9 Ca |Cahaba-Annemaine complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded------| 15,089 | 3.6 CLB |Cahaba, Latonia, and Bassfield soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded--| 8,041 | 1.9 DO |Dorovan and Croatan soils, ponded------| 4,136 | 1.0 FeC |Freest fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 12,067 | 2.9 HaA |Harleston fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 4,554 | 1.1 HeF |Heidel fine sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes ------| 8,217 | 2.0 Ht |Harleston-Trebloc complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, flooded------| 8,965 | 2.2 LaA |Latonia loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded------| 5,382 | 1.3 LoF |Lorman silt loam, 15 to 40 percent slopes------| 4,641 | 1.1 LsD |Lorman-Freest-Susquehanna complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes------| 40,025 | 9.6 LuA |Lucedale loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 930 | 0.2 MA |Irvington fine sandy loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes------| 3,747 | 0.9 MB |McLaurin and Benndale soils, 0 to 5 percent slopes------| 34,670 | 8.3 McA |McLaurin fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 3,763 | 0.9 McB |McLaurin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 22,669 | 5.4 McC |McLaurin fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 10,002 | 2.4 Oa |Ouachita-Jena complex, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 12,388 | 3.0 Ph |Pits-Udorthents complex------| 168 | * PrA |Prentiss fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 19,299 | 4.6 PrB |Prentiss fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 6,749 | 1.6 SaB |Savannah fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 4,910 | 1.2 SmE |Smithdale fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes------| 32,658 | 7.8 SoA |Stough fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded------| 6,572 | 1.6 SsB |Susquehanna fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 5,013 | 1.2 ST |Susquehanna and Freest soils, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 7,838 | 1.9 Tr |Trebloc silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------| 14,072 | 3.4 Ts |Trebloc-Quitman complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded------| 8,586 | 2.1 WdC |Wadley fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes------| 2,456 | 0.6 WdE |Wadley fine sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 1,980 | 0.5 | Water------| 4,245 | 1.0 | |------|------| Total------| 416,400 | 100.0 ______| | |

* Less than 0.1 percent.

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Table 5.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

______| | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | | | | | Common | map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn | Soybeans | Wheat | bermuda- |Bahiagrass ______| | | | | | grass | | | ___Lbs | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | Al------| IIIs | 450 | 60 | 20 | 30 | 6.5 | 7.0 Alaga | | | | | | | | | | | | | | At------| IVw | 400 | 40 | 20 | 30 | 6.5 | 6.0 Atmore | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------| IIs | 600 | 75 | 30 | 35 | 9.0 | 8.5 Bassfield | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BdB------| IIe | 600 | 75 | 30 | 40 | 9.5 | 8.5 Benndale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BdC------| IIIe | 550 | 70 | 25 | 30 | 8.0 | 8.0 Benndale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | Benndale------| VIe | 450 | 58 | 22 | 30 | 7.5 | 7.7 | | | | | | | Smithdale------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.5 | 7.7 | | | | | | | Bk------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 Bibb | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BM------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.5 Bibb and | | | | | | | Trebloc | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bn------| IIIs | 450 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 7.0 | 7.5 Bigbee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | Cahaba------| I | 800 | 100 | 36 | 40 | 9.0 | 9.0 | | | | | | | Annemaine------| IIw | 750 | 85 | 30 | 40 | 8.0 | 9.0 | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | Cahaba------| IIw | 700 | 76 | 31 | 40 | 9.0 | 8.5 | | | | | | | Latonia------| IIs | 650 | 60 | 25 | 35 | 8.5 | 8.5 | | | | | | | Bassfield------| IIs | 600 | 75 | 30 | 35 | 9.0 | 8.5 | | | | | | | DO------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Dorovan and | | | | | | | Croatan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FeC------| IIe | 400 | 40 | 25 | 35 | 6.0 | 6.0 Freest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| IIw | 750 | 90 | 35 | 35 | 10.0 | 9.0 Harleston | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 Heidel | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 158 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | | | | | Common | map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn | Soybeans | Wheat | bermuda- |Bahiagrass ______| | | | | | grass | | | ___Lbs | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | Harleston------| IIw | 700 | 80 | 32 | 34 | 9.0 | 8.8 | | | | | | | Trebloc------| IIIw | 550 | 60 | 25 | 32 | 8.0 | 7.2 | | | | | | | LaA------| IIs | 650 | 60 | 25 | 35 | 8.5 | 8.5 Latonia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoF------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.5 Lorman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | Lorman------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 6.5 | | | | | | | Freest------| IIIe | 400 | 35 | 22 | 30 | 6.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | Susquehanna----| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | LuA------| I | 750 | 80 | 40 | 50 | 9.0 | 10.0 Lucedale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MA------| IIe | 650 | 80 | 35 | 45 | 8.0 | 8.0 Irvington | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | McLaurin------| IIe | 600 | 75 | 27 | 38 | 9.0 | 8.2 | | | | | | | Benndale------| IIe | 600 | 75 | 30 | 40 | 9.5 | 8.5 | | | | | | | McA------| IIs | 650 | 80 | 30 | 35 | 10.0 | 9.0 McLaurin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | McB------| IIe | 600 | 75 | 25 | 35 | 9.0 | 8.0 McLaurin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | McC------| IIIe | 550 | 70 | 25 | 35 | 7.5 | 7.0 McLaurin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | Ouachita------| IVw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | Jena------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 7.5 | | | | | | | Ph------| VIIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Pits-Udorthents| | | | | | | | | | | | | | PrA------| IIw | 750 | 85 | 30 | 40 | 8.0 | 9.0 Prentiss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PrB------| IIe | 750 | 80 | 30 | 40 | 8.0 | 9.0 Prentiss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| IIe | 650 | 80 | 35 | 40 | 7.5 | 9.0 Savannah | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SmE------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | 8.0 Smithdale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------| IIw | 725 | 80 | 25 | 35 | 7.0 | 8.0 Stough | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end of table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 159

Table 5.--Land Capability Classes and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | | | | | Common | map symbol |capability|Cotton lint| Corn | Soybeans | Wheat | bermuda- |Bahiagrass ______| | | | | | grass | | | ___Lbs | __Bu | __Bu | __Bu | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | SsB------| IVe | 400 | 40 | 20 | 30 | 6.5 | 6.5 Susquehanna | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | Susquehanna----| IVe | 400 | 40 | 22 | 32 | 6.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | Freest------| IIe | 400 | 40 | 25 | 35 | 6.0 | 6.0 | | | | | | | Tr------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 7.0 Trebloc | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | Trebloc------| IIIw | 550 | 60 | 25 | 32 | 8.0 | 7.2 | | | | | | | Quitman------| IIw | 650 | 65 | 30 | 35 | 8.5 | 8.0 | | | | | | | WdC------| IIIs | 450 | 55 | 24 | 30 | 6.5 | 6.0 Wadley | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WdE------| VIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.5 | 6.0 Wadley | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | |

* Animal-unit-month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

Interim Publication—January 1999 160 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity

(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that information was not available.)

______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index| | plant ______| | | tion | ity | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------| 8S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 8 |Loblolly pine, Alaga | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 70 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 80 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | AT------| 9W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Atmore | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | slash pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 72 | 6 | sweetgum. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | -- | | | | | | | | | | BaA------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Bassfield | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 90 | 8 | cherrybark | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | oak, sweetgum. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | BdB, BdC------| 10A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 94 | 10 |Loblolly pine, Benndale | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 79 | 7 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 94 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 94 | 10 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 79 | 7 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 94 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 86 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 69 | 5 | longleaf pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 85 | 11 | slash pine. | | | | | | | | | Bk------| 11W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 100 | 11 |Loblolly pine, Bibb | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Water oak------| 90 | 6 | yellow-poplar, | | | | | |Blackgum------| --- | -- | eastern | | | | | |Yellow-poplar------| --- | -- | cottonwood. | | | | | |Atlantic white cedar| --- | -- | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | Bibb------| 11W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 100 | 11 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Water oak------| 90 | 6 | yellow-poplar, | | | | | |Blackgum------| --- | -- | eastern | | | | | |Yellow-poplar------| --- | -- | cottonwood. | | | | | |Atlantic white cedar| --- | -- | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 95 | 10 |Green ash, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Water oak------| 85 | 6 | Nuttall oak, | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | 5 | Shumard oak, | | | | | | | | | sweetgum. | | | | | | | | | Bn------| 9S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Loblolly pine------| 88 | 9 |Loblolly pine. Bigbee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 161

Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index| | plant ______| | | tion | ity | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 87 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 91 | 12 | slash pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 8 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Yellow-poplar------| --- | --- | water oak. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------| 9W |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 80 | 8 |Yellow-poplar, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 8 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 80 | 10 | slash pine, | | | | | |Yellow-poplar------| 90 | 6 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 80 | 6 | American | | | | | |American sycamore---| 90 | 7 | sycamore. | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 87 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 91 | 12 | slash pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 8 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Yellow-poplar------| --- | --- | water oak. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Latonia------| 9A |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 70 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 90 | 8 | cherrybark | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | oak, sweetgum. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | Dorovan------| 7W |Slight |Severe |Severe |------|Blackgum------| 70 | 7 |Baldcypress. | | | | | |Sweetbay------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Baldcypress------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Swamp tupelo------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Green ash------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Red maple------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Water tupelo------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Croatan------| 6W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Water tupelo------| 60 | 6 |Water tupelo, | | | | | |Baldcypress------| --- | --- | baldcypress. | | | | | |Swamp tupelo------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Atlantic white cedar| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | FeC------| 9W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Freest | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 85 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 9W |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Harleston | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 75 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | HeF------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Heidel | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 72 | 8 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 162 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index| | plant ______| | | tion | ity | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | | | Harleston------| 9W |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 75 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Loblolly pine------| 95 | 10 |Green ash, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Water oak------| 85 | 6 | Nuttall oak, | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | 5 | Shumard oak, | | | | | | | | | sweetgum. | | | | | | | | | LaA------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Latonia | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 70 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | LoF------| 8R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 8 |Loblolly pine, Lorman | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 8 | shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | | | Lorman------| 8C |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 8 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 8 | shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 9W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 85 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna----| 8C |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 78 | 8 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 68 | 7 | shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | LuA------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Lucedale | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 75 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | MA------| 11W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Slash pine------| 90 | 11 |Slash pine, Irvington | | | | | |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 70 | 6 | longleaf pine. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | |Water oak------| 85 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | | | McLaurin------| 9A |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 72 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 10A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 94 | 10 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 79 | 7 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 94 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | McA, McB, McC---| 9A |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, McLaurin | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 72 | 6 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 163

Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index| | plant ______| | | tion | ity | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | | | Ouachita------| 11W |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Loblolly pine------| 100 | 11 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 100 | 10 | eastern | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| 100 | 9 | cottonwood, | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 100 | 10 | cherrybark | | | | | | | | | oak, Nuttall | | | | | | | | | oak, shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | Jena------| 11W |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 100 | 11 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | slash pine, | | | | | |Water oak------| 80 | 5 | American | | | | | |Slash pine------| --- | --- | sycamore, | | | | | | | | | eastern | | | | | | | | | cottonwood, | | | | | | | | | green ash. | | | | | | | | | PrA, PrB------| 9W |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 88 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Prentiss | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 79 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 90 | 8 | | | | | | |White oak------| 80 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 9W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 88 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Savannah | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 78 | 7 | slash pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 88 | 11 | sweetgum, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 85 | 6 | American | | | | | | | | | sycamore, | | | | | | | | | yellow-poplar. | | | | | | | | | SmE------| 9A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 86 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Smithdale | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 69 | 5 | longleaf pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 85 | 11 | slash pine. | | | | | | | | | SoA------| 9W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, Stough | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 85 | 7 | slash pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 86 | 11 | sweetgum. | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 85 | 6 | | | | | | |Water oak------| 80 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | SsB------| 8C |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 78 | 8 |Loblolly pine, Susquehanna | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 68 | 7 | shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna----| 8C |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 78 | 8 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 68 | 7 | shortleaf | | | | | | | | | pine. | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 9W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 90 | 9 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 9 | slash pine. | | | | | |Slash pine------| 85 | 11 | | | | | | | | | | Tr------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 95 | 10 |Green ash, Trebloc | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Water oak------| 85 | 6 | Nuttall oak, | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | 5 | Shumard oak, | | | | | | | | | sweetgum. | | | | | | | | |

See footnote at end table.

Interim Publication—January 1999 164 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | map symbol |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to |symbol|hazard | limita-|mortal- |competi-| |index| | plant ______| | | tion | ity | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Loblolly pine------| 95 | 10 |Green ash, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 7 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Water oak------| 85 | 6 | Nuttall oak, | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | 5 | Shumard oak, | | | | | | | | | sweetgum. | | | | | | | | | Quitman------| 10W |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 92 | 10 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | |Slash pine------| 90 | 11 | slash pine, | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 93 | 8 | sweetgum, | | | | | | | | | American | | | | | | | | | sycamore, | | | | | | | | | yellow-poplar. | | | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------| 11S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slash pine------| 85 | 11 |Slash pine, Wadley | | | | | |Longleaf pine------| 79 | 7 | longleaf pine, | | | | | |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 8 | loblolly pine, | | | | | |Sand pine------| 75 | 4 | sand pine. | | | | | |Live oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Turkey oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | |Bluejack oak------| --- | --- | ______| | | | | | | | |

* Volume is the yield in cubic feet per acre per year calculated at the age of culmination of mean annual increment for fully stocked natural stands.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 165

Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation

(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed.)

______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Al------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Alaga |Normal | 800 |Threeawn------| 13 |Unfavorable | --- |Panicum------| 12 | | |Running oak------| 6 | | | | AT------|Favorable | --- | | Atmore |Normal | 1,000 |Slender bluestem------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 | | | | BaA------|Favorable | --- |Slender bluestem------| 20 Bassfield |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 | | |Little bluestem------| 15 | | | | BdB, BdC------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Benndale |Normal | 1,000 |Little bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | BhD: | | | | Benndale------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Little bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | Smithdale------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 30 |Normal | 1,200 |Pinehill bluestem------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 12 | | |Panicum------| 12 | | | | Bk------|Favorable | 1,500 |Cutover muhly------| 25 Bibb |Normal | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 17 |Unfavorable | 900 |Grassleaf goldaster------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 7 | | | | BM: | | | | Bibb------|Favorable | 1,500 |Cutover muhly------| 25 |Normal | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 17 |Unfavorable | 900 |Grassleaf goldaster------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 7 | | | | Trebloc------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 25 |Normal | 1,200 |Cutover muhly------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 9 | | | | Bn------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 38 Bigbee |Normal | 800 |Panicum------| 13 |Unfavorable | --- |Threeawn------| 13 | | |Grassleaf goldaster------| 12 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 12 | | | | Ca: | | | | Cahaba------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 166 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Ca: | | | | Annemaine------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 |Normal | 1,000 |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Little bluestem------| 15 | | |Beaked panicum------| 15 CLB: | | | | Cahaba------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | Latonia------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Little bluestem------| 20 | | | | Bassfield------|Favorable | --- |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 | | |Little bluestem------| 15 | | | | DO: | | | | Dorovan------|Favorable | --- |Sweetbay------| 20 |Normal | 1,000 |Lizards tail------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Greenbrier------| 15 | | |Redbay------| 15 | | | | Croatan------|Favorable | --- |Sweetbay------| 20 |Normal | 1,000 |Lizards tail------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Greenbrier------| 15 | | |Redbay------| 15 | | | | FeC: | | | | Freest------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | HaA------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 33 Harleston |Normal | 1,800 |Common carpetgrass------| 28 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 22 | | | | HeF------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 Heidel |Normal | 1,000 |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | |Little bluestem------| 15 | | | | Ht: | | | | Harleston------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 33 |Normal | 1,800 |Common carpetgrass------| 28 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 22 | | | | Trebloc------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 25 |Normal | 1,200 |Cutover muhly------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 9 | | | | LaA------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Latonia |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Little bluestem------| 20 | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 167

Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | LoF------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 32 Lorman |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 32 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | | | LsD: | | | | Lorman------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 32 |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 32 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | | | Freest------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | Susquehanna------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | LuA------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Lucedale |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Little bluestem------| 20 | | | | MA------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 30 Irvington |Normal | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | |Panicum------| 10 MB: | | | | McLaurin------|Favorable | --- |Slender bluestem------| 20 |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 | | |Little bluestem------| 15 | | | | Benndale------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Little bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | McA, McB, McC------|Favorable | --- |Slender bluestem------| 20 McLaurin |Normal | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 | | |Little bluestem------| 15 | | | | Oa: | | | | Ouachita------|Favorable | 3,000 |Switchgrass------| 20 |Normal | 2,500 |Plumegrass------| 20 |Unfavorable | 1,800 |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | |Velvet panicum------| 10 | | |Eastern gamagrass------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | | | Jena------|Favorable | --- |Switchgrass------| 20 |Normal | 2,000 |Beaked Panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Panicum------| 15 | | |Sedge------| 15 | | | | PrA, PrB------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 30 Prentiss |Normal | 1,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | |Panicum------| 15 | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 168 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | SaB------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 30 Savannah |Normal | 1,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | | | SmE------|Favorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 30 Smithdale |Normal | 1,200 |Pinehill bluestem------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 12 | | |Panicum------| 12 | | | | SoA------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Stough |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | | | SsB------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Susquehanna |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | ST: | | | | Susquehanna------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | Freest------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 20 | | | | Tr------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 25 Trebloc |Normal | 1,200 |Cutover muhly------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 9 | | | | Ts: | | | | Trebloc------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 25 |Normal | 1,200 |Cutover muhly------| 17 |Unfavorable | --- |Longleaf uniola------| 17 | | |Beaked panicum------| 9 | | | | Quitman------|Favorable | --- |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 30 |Unfavorable | --- |Beaked panicum------| 15 | | | | WdC, WdE------|Favorable | --- |Running oak------| 30 Wadley |Normal | 900 |Panicum------| 20 |Unfavorable | --- |Sand blackberry------| 20 ______| | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 169

Table 8.--Recreational Development

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated.)

______| | | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways map symbol | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Alaga | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty. | | | | | AT------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Atmore | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | BaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Bassfield | flooding. | | small stones. | | | | | | | BdB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Benndale | | | slope. | | | | | | | BdC------|Slight------|Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight. Benndale | | | slope. | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | Benndale------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope. | | | | | Smithdale------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope. | | | | | Bk------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Bibb | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | BM: | | | | | Bibb------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Bn------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Bigbee | flooding. | too sandy. | too sandy, | too sandy. | droughty, | | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Ca: | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | flooding. | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | flooding. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: | flooding. | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Latonia------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: | flooding. | | small stones, | | droughty, | | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Bassfield------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: | flooding. | | small stones, | | flooding. | | | flooding. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 170 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways map symbol | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | Dorovan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | flooding, | excess humus. | | flooding. | | excess humus. | | | | | Croatan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | too acid, | ponding, | excess humus, | ponding, | excess humus. | ponding, | excess humus. | too acid. | too acid. | | excess humus. | | | | | FeC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Freest | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | HaA------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Harleston | wetness. | wetness. | small stones, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | HeF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: Heidel | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | Ht: | | | | | Harleston------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. | flooding. | wetness. | small stones, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | | | LaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Latonia | flooding. | | small stones. | | droughty. | | | | | LoF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Lorman | slope, | slope, | slope, | slope, | slope. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | erodes easily. | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | Lorman------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | slope. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | Freest------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: | wetness, | wetness, | slope. | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Slight. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | LuA------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Lucedale | | | | | | | | | | MA------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Irvington | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | small stones, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 171

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways map symbol | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | McLaurin------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: | | | slope. | | droughty. | | | | | Benndale------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. | | | slope. | | | | | | | McA------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. McLaurin | | | | | | | | | | McB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. McLaurin | | | slope. | | | | | | | McC------|Slight------|Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight. McLaurin | | | slope. | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | Ouachita------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | Jena------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | Ph: | | | | | Pits------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | Udorthents------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | PrA------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Prentiss | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | | droughty. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | PrB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Prentiss | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | | droughty. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | SaB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Savannah | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | | droughty. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | SmE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: Smithdale | slope. | slope. | slope. | | slope. | | | | | SoA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Stough | flooding, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | droughty. | | | | | SsB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Slight. Susquehanna | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | Susquehanna------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Slight. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | Freest------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 172 Soil Survey

Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds |Paths and trails| Golf fairways map symbol | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tr------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Trebloc | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | | flooding. | | flooding. | | | | | Ts: | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | | | Quitman------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | flooding. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | WdC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Wadley | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | droughty. | | | | | WdE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Wadley | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | droughty. | | | too sandy. | | ______| | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 173

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated.)

______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Soil name and | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | map symbol | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very Alaga | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | AT------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. Atmore | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Bassfield | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | BdB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Benndale | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | BdC------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Benndale | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Bk------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. Bibb | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | | | Bibb------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | | Bn------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very Bigbee | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Latonia------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | | | Dorovan------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | Croatan------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 174 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Soil name and | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | map symbol | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FeC------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor. Freest | | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Harleston | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------|Very |Very |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very Heidel | poor. | poor. | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | | | | | Harleston------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Latonia | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | LoF------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very Lorman | poor. | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | | | | | Lorman------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Freest------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | LuA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Lucedale | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | MA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Irvington | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | | | | | McLaurin------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | McA, McB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very McLaurin | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | McC------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very McLaurin | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | | | | | Ouachita------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair. | | | | | | | | | | | Jena------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | | | Pits------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 175

Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- Soil name and | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- | map symbol | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land |Wetland | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wild- ______| crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life | life | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents------|Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | PrA, PrB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Prentiss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Savannah | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | SmE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Smithdale | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Stough | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SsB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Susquehanna | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | Freest------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tr------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. Trebloc | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | | Quitman------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very Wadley | | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. ______| | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 176 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: Alaga | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty. | | | | | | AT------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Atmore | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | BaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight. Bassfield | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | | BdB------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Benndale | | | | | | | | | | | | BdC------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Benndale | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | Benndale------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | | Smithdale------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | | Bk------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Bibb | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | Bibb------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | flooding. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | Bn------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Bigbee | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty, | | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight. | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | | Annemaine------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | low strength. | wetness. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | Latonia------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty, | | | | | | flooding. | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 177

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | Bassfield------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | Dorovan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | ponding, | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding, | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | flooding. | excess humus. | | | | | | Croatan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | excess humus, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | subsides, | too acid, | ponding. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding. | ponding, | | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | excess humus. | | | | | | FeC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Freest | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | wetness. | | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Harleston | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | HeF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Heidel | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | Harleston------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | | | | wetness. | | flooding. | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness. | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | LaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Latonia | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | droughty. | | | | | | LoF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Lorman | slope. | shrink-swell, | slope, | shrink-swell, | low strength, | slope. | | slope. | shrink-swell. | slope. | slope, | | | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | Lorman------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | low strength, | slope. | slope. | | | slope. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | Freest------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | wetness. | | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | LuA------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Lucedale | | | | | | | | | | | | MA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Irvington | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 178 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | McLaurin------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty. | | | | | | Benndale------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | | | McA, McB------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. McLaurin | cutbanks cave.| | | | | | | | | | | McC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. McLaurin | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | Ouachita------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | Jena------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cutbanks cave.| flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | Pits------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | | Udorthents------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | | PrA, PrB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Prentiss | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | droughty. | | | | | | SaB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Savannah | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness, | | | | | wetness. | droughty. | | | | | | SmE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Smithdale | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | | SoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Stough | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | droughty. | | | | | | SsB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Susquehanna | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | Freest------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | wetness. | | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | Tr------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Trebloc | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | flooding. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness. | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 179

Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | Quitman------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | low strength, | wetness. | | | wetness. | | wetness, | | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | WdC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Severe: Wadley | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty. | | | | | | WdE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: Wadley | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty. ______| | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 180 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "good," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Alaga | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage, | | | too sandy. | | too sandy. | | | | | AT------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Atmore | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | BaA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Bassfield | flooding. | seepage. | seepage. | seepage. | thin layer. | | | | | BdB, BdC------|Slight------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Good. Benndale | | seepage, | seepage. | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | Benndale------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: | slope. | slope. | seepage. | slope. | slope. | | | | | Smithdale------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | slope. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage. | too clayey, | | slope. | | | slope. | | | | | Bk------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Bibb | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | small stones, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | BM: | | | | | Bibb------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | small stones, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | Bn------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Bigbee | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage, | wetness, | flooding. | seepage, | seepage. | too sandy. | poor filter. | | wetness. | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | Cahaba------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: | flooding. | seepage. | seepage. | flooding. | thin layer. | | | | | Annemaine------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | CLB: | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | flooding. | seepage, | flooding, | flooding. | thin layer. | | flooding. | seepage. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 181

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | Latonia------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage, | poor filter. | flooding. | seepage, | seepage. | too sandy. | | | too sandy. | | | | | | | Bassfield------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | flooding. | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | thin layer. | | flooding. | seepage. | seepage. | | | | | | DO: | | | | | Dorovan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | subsides, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | ponding, | flooding, | excess humus, | seepage, | ponding. | excess humus. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | | | | Croatan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | ponding, | seepage, | ponding, | seepage, | ponding. | percs slowly. | excess humus, | too acid. | ponding. | | | ponding. | | | | | | | | FeC------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Freest | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Harleston | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | HeF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Heidel | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | Ht: | | | | | Harleston------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly, | | too clayey. | | wetness. | flooding. | | | | | | | | | LaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Latonia | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage, | | | too sandy. | | too sandy. | | | | | LoF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Lorman | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey, | slope. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | slope. | | | | | LsD: | | | | | Lorman------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Freest------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | Susquehanna------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 182 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | LuA------|Slight------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: Lucedale | | seepage. | too clayey. | | too clayey. | | | | | MA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: Irvington | wetness, | slope, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | seepage. | | | too clayey. | | | | | MB: | | | | | McLaurin------|Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Good. | | seepage. | | seepage. | | | | | | Benndale------|Slight------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Good. | | seepage, | seepage. | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | McA, McB, McC------|Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Good. McLaurin | | seepage. | | seepage. | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | Ouachita------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | too clayey. | percs slowly. | | seepage. | | | | | | | Jena------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. | flooding. | seepage, | flooding, | flooding. | | | flooding. | seepage. | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | Pits------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | Udorthents------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | PrA, PrB------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair: Prentiss | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | SaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: Savannah | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | wetness. | | | | | SmE------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Smithdale | slope. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage. | too clayey, | | slope. | | | slope. | | | | | SoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Stough | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | SsB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Susquehanna | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | ST: | | | | | Susquehanna------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Freest------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 183

Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | Tr------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Trebloc | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | Trebloc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | wetness. | | | | | Quitman------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | flooding, | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | WdC------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Wadley | | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage, | | | | | too sandy. | | | | | WdE------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Wadley | slope. | seepage, | too sandy. | seepage. | seepage, | | slope. | | | too sandy. ______| | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 184 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Alaga | | | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | AT------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Atmore | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | | | | BaA------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: Bassfield | | | too sandy. | small stones. | | | | BdB, BdC------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Benndale | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | BhD: | | | | Benndale------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope. | | | | Smithdale------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | small stones, | | | | slope. | | | | Bk------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Bibb | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones, | | | | area reclaim, | | | | wetness. | | | | BM: | | | | Bibb------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones, | | | | area reclaim, | | | | wetness. | | | | Trebloc------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Bn------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Bigbee | | | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | Ca: | | | | Cahaba------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: | | | too sandy. | too clayey. | | | | Annemaine------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer. | | | | CLB: | | | | Cahaba------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: | | | too sandy. | too clayey. | | | | Latonia------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: | | | too sandy. | small stones, | | | | thin layer. | | | | Bassfield------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: | | | too sandy. | small stones. | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 185

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | Dorovan------|Poor: |Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: | wetness. | | too sandy. | excess humus, | | | | wetness. | | | | Croatan------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | excess humus, | | | | wetness, | | | | too acid. | | | | FeC------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Freest | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | HaA------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Harleston | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones. | | | | HeF------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Heidel | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | slope. | | | | Ht: | | | | Harleston------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones. | | | | Trebloc------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | LaA------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Fair: Latonia | | | too sandy. | small stones, | | | | thin layer. | | | | LoF------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Lorman | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | slope, | | | slope. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | Lorman------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | Freest------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | LuA------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Lucedale | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | MA------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Irvington | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones, | | | | too clayey. | | | | MB: | | | | McLaurin------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones. | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 186 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | Benndale------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | McA, McB, McC------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: McLaurin | | excess fines. | excess fines. | small stones. | | | | Oa: | | | | Ouachita------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | Jena------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | Ph: | | | | Pits------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | Udorthents------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | PrA, PrB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Prentiss | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | SaB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Savannah | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | small stones. | | | | SmE------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Smithdale | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | small stones, | | | | slope. | | | | SoA------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Stough | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | SsB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Susquehanna | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | ST: | | | | Susquehanna------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | Freest------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | Tr------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Trebloc | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | Trebloc------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Quitman------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | wetness. | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Wadley | | | too sandy. | too sandy. ______| | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 187

Table 13.--Water Management

(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)

______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ____ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | ponds | | | diversions | waterways____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty, Alaga | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | rooting depth. | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | AT------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness------|Erodes easily, |Wetness, Atmore | seepage. | piping, | no water. | | | wetness. | erodes easily. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Bassfield | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | BdB, BdC------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Favorable------|Favorable. Benndale | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | Benndale------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Slope------|Slope. | slope. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Slope------|Slope. | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bk------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding------|Wetness------|Erodes easily, |Wetness, Bibb | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | | wetness. | erodes easily. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | Bibb------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding------|Wetness------|Erodes easily, |Wetness, | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | | | wetness. | erodes easily. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Flooding------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | | wetness. | slow refill. | | erodes easily,| wetness. | erodes easily. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | | | Bn------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy------|Droughty. Bigbee | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| | fast intake. | | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. | seepage. | thin layer, | no water. | | | | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. | seepage. | hard to pack, | slow refill. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | Cahaba------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. | seepage. | thin layer, | no water. | | | | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | Latonia------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty------|Too sandy------|Droughty. | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | | | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 188 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ____ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | ponds | | | diversions | waterway s____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | Bassfield------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | Dorovan------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness. | seepage. | excess humus, | cutbanks cave.| flooding, | soil blowing, | soil blowing. | | | ponding. | | subsides. | flooding. | | | | | | | | | Croatan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness, | seepage. | piping, | slow refill. | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | soil blowing. | percs slowly. | | ponding. | | subsides. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | FeC------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. Freest | slope. | wetness. | slow refill. | slope. | wetness, | percs slowly. | | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | HaA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Favorable------|Wetness------|Wetness------|Favorable. Harleston | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | | | | | | slow refill. | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Slope------|Slope. Heidel | slope. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | Harleston------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Favorable------|Wetness------|Wetness------|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | deep to water,| | | | | | | slow refill. | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | | wetness. | slow refill. | | erodes easily.| wetness. | erodes easily. | | | | | | | LaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy------|Droughty. Latonia | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | LoF------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Lorman | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | percs slowly, | erodes easily,| erodes easily, | | | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | Lorman------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | Freest------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. | slope. | wetness. | slow refill. | slope. | wetness, | percs slowly. | | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | slope. | | | | | | | | | LuA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Lucedale | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | MA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Wetness, |Rooting depth, Irvington | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | percs slowly. | rooting depth,| percs slowly. | | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | McLaurin------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty------|Favorable------|Droughty. | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 189

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ____ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | ponds | | | diversions | waterway s____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | Benndale------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | McA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. McLaurin | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | McB, McC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Favorable------|Favorable. McLaurin | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | Ouachita------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily |Erodes easily. | | piping. | no water. | | flooding. | | | | | | | | | Jena------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Flooding------|Erodes easily |Erodes easily. | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | Pits------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | | | Udorthents------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable------|Variable. | | | | | | | PrA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Wetness, |Droughty, Prentiss | seepage. | piping. | no water. | | droughty. | rooting depth.| rooting depth. | | | | | | | PrB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope------|Slope, |Wetness, |Droughty, Prentiss | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | wetness, | rooting depth.| rooting depth. | slope. | | | | droughty. | | | | | | | | | SaB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope------|Slope, |Wetness------|Rooting depth. Savannah | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | wetness, | | | slope. | | | | droughty. | | | | | | | | | SmE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Slope------|Slope. Smithdale | seepage, | piping. | no water. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------|Slight------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Stough | | piping, | no water. | | droughty. | wetness. | erodes easily, | | wetness. | | | | | droughty. | | | | | | | SsB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. Susquehanna | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | slope. | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | Susquehanna------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. | slope. | hard to pack. | no water. | | slope. | | | | | | | | | Freest------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. | slope. | wetness. | slow refill. | slope. | wetness, | percs slowly. | | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | Tr------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Flooding------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Trebloc | | wetness. | slow refill. | | erodes easily,| wetness. | erodes easily. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | Trebloc------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | | wetness. | slow refill. | | erodes easily.| wetness. | erodes easily. | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 190 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- ____ Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | ponds | | | diversions | waterway s____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | Quitman------|Slight------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness------|Wetness, |Favorable. | | piping, | no water. | | | soil blowing. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | | | WdC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty. Wadley | seepage. | seepage, | no water. | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | | | piping. | | | | | | | | | | | | WdE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Wadley | seepage, | seepage, | no water. | | droughty, | too sandy, | droughty. | slope. | piping. | | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | ______| | | | | | | ____

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 191

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties

(The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Al------| 0-6 |Loamy sand------|SM, SW-SM,|A-2, | 100 | 100 |40-80 |10-35 | <25 | NP-4 Alaga | | | SP-SM | A-1-b | | | | | | | 6-80|Loamy sand, loamy|SM, SW-SM,|A-2 | 100 | 100 |50-85 |10-35 | <25 | NP-4 | | fine sand, fine | SP-SM | | | | | | | | | sand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AT------| 0-15|Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|75-90 |40-70 | <25 | NP-7 Atmore | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |15-72|Loam, clay loam, |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |80-100|80-100|80-96 |55-80 | <25 | NP-7 | | fine sandy loam.| CL | | | | | | | |72-83|Silt loam, loam, |ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 |78-100|75-100|70-96 |40-70 | 20-40 | 2-18 | | silty clay loam.| SM, SC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|55-96 |25-58 | <20 | NP-3 Bassfield | 9-37|Sandy loam, loam |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-92 |30-50 | <20 | NP-10 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |37-80|Loamy sand, sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 |90-100|80-100|65-85 | 5-20 | <20 | NP-3 | | | | | | | | | | BdB, BdC------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |ML, SM, |A-4, | 100 | 100 |60-96 |30-55 | <25 | NP-7 Benndale | | | CL-ML, | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 8-68|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, SM, |A-4 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-75 | 15-22 | 3-7 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |ML, SM, |A-4, | 100 | 100 |60-96 |30-55 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 8-68|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, SM, |A-4 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-75 | 15-22 | 3-7 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 100 |85-100|60-95 |28-49 | <20 | NP-5 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |13-33|Clay loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC,|A-6, A-4 | 100 |85-100|80-96 |45-75 | 23-38 | 7-16 | | clay loam, loam.| CL, CL-ML| | | | | | | |33-60|Loam, sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |85-100|65-95 |36-70 | <30 | NP-10 | | | CL, SC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bk------| 0-18|Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 |95-100|90-100|80-90 |50-80 | <25 | NP-7 Bibb |18-60|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 |60-100|50-100|40-100|30-90 | <30 | NP-7 | | sand. | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | | Bibb------| 0-18|Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 |95-100|90-100|80-90 |50-80 | <25 | NP-7 |18-60|Sandy loam, loam,|SM, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 |60-100|50-100|40-100|30-90 | <30 | NP-7 | | sand. | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 192 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-90 | <30 | NP-7 | 8-33|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-40 | 8-16 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | |33-60|Silty clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6,| 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-48 | 8-21 | | silty clay, clay| | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bn------| 0-10|Loamy sand------|SM |A-2-4 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |15-30 | <20 | NP Bigbee |10-60|Sand, fine sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2-4, |85-100|85-100|50-75 | 5-20 | <20 | NP | | | | A-3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 0-14|Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-4, |95-100|95-100|65-90 |30-45 | <20 | NP | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | | |14-44|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |90-100|80-100|75-90 |40-75 | 22-35 | 8-15 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | |44-80|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |10-35 | <20 | NP | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|70-95 |40-75 | <20 | NP-5 | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 7-32|Clay, clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|95-100|85-100|70-98 | 30-50 | 10-25 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | |32-53|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, SM|A-4, A-6 |95-100|95-100|80-100|36-80 | 20-35 | 8-15 | | sandy loam, clay| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |53-62|Sandy clay loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-2, A-4 |95-100|95-100|60-90 |30-50 | <20 | NP-10 | | fine sandy loam,| SC | | | | | | | | | sand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 0-14|Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-4, |95-100|95-100|65-90 |30-45 | <20 | NP | | loam. | | A-2-4 | | | | | | |14-44|Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |90-100|80-100|75-90 |40-75 | 22-35 | 8-15 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | |44-62|Sand, loamy sand,|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |10-35 | <20 | NP | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Latonia------| 0-10|Loamy sand------|SM |A-2-4, |90-100|85-100|60-75 |30-50 | <20 | NP | | | | A-4 | | | | | | |10-37|Sandy loam, loam,|SM |A-2-4, |90-100|85-100|60-85 |30-50 | <20 | NP | | fine sandy loam.| | A-4 | | | | | | |37-65|Sand, loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |90-100|85-100|50-75 |10-30 | <20 | NP | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|55-96 |25-58 | <20 | NP-3 | 9-37|Sandy loam, loam |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-92 |30-50 | <20 | NP-10 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |37-80|Loamy sand, sand |SP-SM, SM |A-2, A-3 |90-100|80-100|65-85 | 5-20 | <20 | NP-3 | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | | Dorovan------| 0-60|Muck------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 193

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | | Croatan------| 0-29|Muck------|PT | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |29-41|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 100 | 100 |60-85 |30-49 | 25-35 | NP-10 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | mucky sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |41-60|Loam, clay loam, |CL, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |75-100|36-95 | 18-45 | 4-15 | | sandy clay loam.| SC, SC-SM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FeC------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |SM, CL, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |40-70 | <30 | NP-8 Freest | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | |13-35|Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |55-75 | 25-40 | 7-20 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |35-60|Clay loam, clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 100 |95-100|90-100|80-95 | 41-55 | 20-30 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 0-13|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-85 |30-55 | <25 | NP-7 Harleston | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |13-82|Sandy loam, loam |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-95 |30-70 | 20-30 | 5-10 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam, |SM |A-4 |90-100|85-100|70-85 |36-45 | <30 | NP-4 Heidel | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 8-64|Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, |A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-85 |36-55 | 15-22 | 3-7 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | | | | Harleston------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-85 |30-55 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |13-82|Sandy loam, loam |SC, CL, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|85-100|60-95 |30-70 | 20-30 | 5-10 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-90 | <30 | NP-7 | 8-33|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-40 | 8-16 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | |33-60|Silty clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6,| 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-48 | 8-21 | | silty clay, clay| | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------| 0-10|Loamy sand, fine |SM |A-2-4 |90-100|85-100|50-80 |15-35 | <20 | NP Latonia | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |10-37|Sandy loam, loam,|SM |A-2-4, |90-100|85-100|60-85 |30-50 | <20 | NP | | fine sandy loam.| | A-4 | | | | | | |37-65|Sand, loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 |90-100|85-100|50-75 |10-30 | <20 | NP | | | | | | | | | | LoF------| 0-8 |Silt loam, fine |SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 20-35 | 5-15 Lorman | | sandy loam. | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 8-44|Clay, silty clay,|CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|95-100|90-95 | 44-85 | 20-50 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | |44-65|Variable------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 194 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | | | | Lorman------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-90 |40-55 | <20 | NP-7 | | silt loam. |ML, CL-ML | | | | | | | | 8-44|Clay, silty clay,|CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|95-100|90-95 | 44-85 | 20-50 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | |44-65|Variable------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |SM, CL, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |40-70 | <30 | NP-8 | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | |13-35|Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |55-75 | 25-40 | 7-20 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |35-60|Clay loam, clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 100 |95-100|90-100|80-95 | 41-55 | 20-30 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna-----| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam |ML, SM |A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-90 |40-55 | <25 | NP | 7-86|Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |88-100|80-98 | 50-90 | 28-56 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LuA------| 0-11|Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |25-65 | <30 | NP-3 Lucedale | | loam. | | | | | | | | |11-65|Sandy clay loam, |CL-ML, SC,|A-4, A-6,|95-100|95-100|80-100|30-75 | 25-40 | 4-15 | | clay loam, loam.| CL, SC-SM| A-2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MA------| 0-12|Fine sandy loam |ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 |90-100|75-100|70-100|30-60 | <25 | NP-6 Irvington | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | |12-34|Loam, sandy clay |ML, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 |80-100|75-99 |65-98 |40-70 | 20-34 | 3-12 | | loam, fine sandy| CL-ML, SC| | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |34-82|Loam, sandy clay |CL, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 |70-95 |70-95 |70-92 |35-65 | 25-35 | 4-12 | | loam, fine sandy| SC, SC-SM| | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | | | | McLaurin------| 0-10|Loamy sand, fine |SM |A-2 |90-100|90-100|50-75 |15-30 | <20 | NP-4 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |10-34|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-45 | <30 | NP-10 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |34-43|Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2, A-4 |90-100|90-100|50-85 |15-45 | <20 | NP-4 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |43-60|Sandy loam, sandy|SC, ML, |A-4, A-6 |90-100|90-100|70-80 |36-55 | 30-40 | 6-15 | | clay loam, loam.| CL, SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |ML, SM, |A-4, | 100 | 100 |60-96 |30-55 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 8-68|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, SM, |A-4 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |40-75 | 15-22 | 3-7 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 195

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | McA, McB, McC----| 0-10|Fine sandy loam |SM |A-4 |90-100|90-100|70-85 |36-45 | <30 | NP-4 McLaurin |10-40|Sandy loam, fine |SM, SC, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-45 | <30 | NP-10 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |40-46|Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2, A-4 |90-100|90-100|50-85 |15-45 | <20 | NP-4 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |46-60|Sandy loam, sandy|SC, ML, |A-4, A-6 |90-100|90-100|70-80 |36-55 | 30-40 | 6-15 | | clay loam, loam.| CL, SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | | | | Ouachita------| 0-12|Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |55-85 | <30 | 2-10 | | | CL | | | | | | | |12-57|Silt loam, loam, |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |55-85 | <30 | 2-10 | | very fine sandy | CL | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |57-82|Silt loam, loam, |CL, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |55-90 | 25-40 | 5-15 | | very fine sandy | ML, SM | | | | | | | | | loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jena------| 0-3 |Silt loam------|CL-ML, CL |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-95 |60-75 | 15-30 | 5-10 | 3-38|Silt loam, very |CL, CL-ML,|A-4, | 100 | 100 |55-90 |25-70 | 15-30 | 5-10 | | fine sandy loam,| SC-SM | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |38-62|Fine sandy loam, |SM |A-2-4, | 100 | 100 |50-80 |20-50 | <20 | NP | | sandy loam, | | A-4 | | | | | | | | loamy fine sand.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ph: | | | | | | | | | | Pits------|0-60 |Variable------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents------|0-60 |Variable------| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | PrA, PrB------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |SC, SC-SM,|A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-85 |36-50 | <30 | NP-10 Prentiss | | | SM | | | | | | | | 6-68|Loam, sandy loam,|ML, SC-SM,|A-4, A-2 | 100 | 100 |75-100|50-90 | <30 | NP-10 | | fine sandy loam.| CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 0-10|Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-2-4, |98-100|90-100|60-100|30-65 | <25 | NP-4 Savannah | | | | A-4 | | | | | | |10-28|Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 |98-100|90-100|80-100|40-80 | 23-40 | 7-19 | | clay loam, loam.| CL-ML | | | | | | | |28-60|Loam, clay loam, |CL, SC, |A-4, A-6,|94-100|90-100|60-100|30-80 | 23-43 | 7-19 | | sandy clay loam.| CL-ML | A-7, A-2| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SmE------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 | 100 |85-100|60-95 |28-49 | <20 | NP-5 Smithdale | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | |13-33|Clay loam, sandy |SC-SM, SC,|A-6, A-4 | 100 |85-100|80-96 |45-75 | 23-38 | 7-16 | | clay loam, loam.| CL, CL-ML| | | | | | | |33-60|Loam, sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |85-100|65-95 |36-70 | <30 | NP-10 | | | CL, SC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |SC-SM, SM,|A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-85 |35-65 | <25 | NP-7 Stough | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | |13-25|Loam, fine sandy |ML, CL, |A-4 | 100 | 100 |75-95 |50-75 | <25 | 8-15 | | loam, sandy | CL-ML | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | |25-65|Sandy loam, sandy|SC, SL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |65-90 |40-65 | 25-40 | NP-7 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 196 Soil Survey

Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and |Depth| USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | SsB------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-90 |40-55 | <25 | NP Susquehanna | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 7-86|Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |88-100|80-98 | 50-90 | 28-56 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna-----| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-4 | 100 | 100 |65-90 |40-55 | <25 | NP | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 7-86|Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |88-100|80-98 | 50-90 | 28-56 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |SM, CL, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |40-70 | <30 | NP-8 | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | |13-35|Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|80-95 |55-75 | 25-40 | 7-20 | | loam. | | | | | | | | |35-60|Clay loam, clay, |CL, CH |A-7 | 100 |95-100|90-100|80-95 | 41-55 | 20-30 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tr------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-90 | <30 | NP-7 Trebloc | 8-33|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-40 | 8-16 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | |33-60|Silty clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6,| 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-48 | 8-21 | | silty clay, clay| | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 |Silt loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-90 | <30 | NP-7 | 8-33|Silt loam, silty |CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-40 | 8-16 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | |33-60|Silty clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6,| 100 | 100 |85-100|85-100| 25-48 | 8-21 | | silty clay, clay| | A-7 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Quitman------| 0-13|Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-4, A-2 | 100 | 100 |85-100|30-55 | <20 | NP-3 |13-27|Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|40-70 | 20-35 | 4-15 | | loam, sandy clay| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | |27-62|Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |90-100|40-65 | 25-45 | 11-20 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------| 0-50|Fine sand, sand |SM, SP-SM |A-3, | 100 |95-100|75-100| 8-25 | <20 | NP Wadley | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | | |50-95|Sandy loam, fine |SC, SM, |A-2, A-4,| 100 |95-100|70-100|20-50 | <40 | NP-17 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM | A-6 | | | | | | | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 197

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils

(The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available or were not estimated.)

______| | | | | | | | Erosion | Soil name and |Depth| Clay | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil |Shrink-swell |______factors | Organic map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | | matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | | K | T | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | Al------| 0-6 | 2-12 |1.60-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.09|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.10| 5 | .5-1 Alaga | 6-80| 2-12 |1.60-1.75| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.09|4.5-6.5 |Low------|0.10| | | | | | | | | | | | AT------| 0-15| 2-12 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|3.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| 5 | .5-3 Atmore |15-72| 6-35 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.24|3.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | |72-83| 15-40 |1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22|3.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------| 0-9 | 4-10 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 4 | 1-3 Bassfield | 9-37| 8-18 |1.45-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |37-80| 1-7 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | | BdB, BdC------| 0-8 | 6-14 |1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 1-3 Benndale | 8-68| 10-18 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 0-8 | 6-14 |1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 1-3 | 8-68| 10-18 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------| 0-13| 2-15 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.14-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 |13-33| 18-33 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.17|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | |33-60| 12-27 |1.40-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.14-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | Bk------| 0-18| 2-18 |1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20|3.6-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 1-3 Bibb |18-60| 2-18 |1.45-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|3.6-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | | Bibb------| 0-18| 2-18 |1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 1-3 |18-60| 2-18 |1.45-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 | 5-20 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 1-3 | 8-33| 20-32 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |33-60| 20-45 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | Bn------| 0-10| 4-10 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.10| 5 | .5-1 Bigbee |10-60| 1-10 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 0-14| 7-17 |1.35-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.14|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 1-3 |14-44| 18-35 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-6.0 |Low------|0.28| | |44-80| 4-20 |1.40-1.70| 2.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------| 0-7 | 10-20 |1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-6.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 | 7-32| 35-50 |1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |32-53| 20-35 |1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | |53-62| 5-25 |1.40-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| 0-14| 7-17 |1.35-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.14|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 1-3 |14-44| 18-35 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | |44-62| 4-20 |1.40-1.70| 2.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | Latonia------| 0-10| 10-18 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 4 | 1-3 |10-37| 10-16 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |37-65| 3-10 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 198 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Erosion | Soil name and |Depth| Clay | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil |Shrink-swell |______factors | Organic map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | | matter | | | density | |capacity | | | K | T | ______| __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield------| 0-9 | 4-10 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 4 | 1-3 | 9-37| 8-18 |1.45-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |37-80| 1-7 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.08|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | | Dorovan------| 0-60| --- |0.35-0.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.25|3.5-4.4 |------|----| 2 | 20-80 | | | | | | | | | | Croatan------| 0-29| --- |0.40-0.65| 0.06-6.0 |0.35-0.45| <4.5 |Low------|----| 2 | 25-60 |29-41| 8-20 |1.40-1.60| 0.2-6.0 |0.10-0.15|3.5-5.0 |Low------|0.17| | |41-60| 10-35 |1.40-1.60| 0.2-2.0 |0.12-0.20|3.5-5.0 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | FeC------| 0-13| 3-10 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 Freest |13-35| 10-25 |1.40-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |35-60| 27-50 |1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |High------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 0-13| 2-8 |1.25-1.35| 0.6-6.0 |0.08-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 1-3 Harleston |13-82| 8-18 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------| 0-8 | 1-10 |1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | .5-2 Heidel | 8-64| 10-18 |1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | | | | Harleston------| 0-13| 2-8 |1.25-1.35| 0.6-6.0 |0.08-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 1-3 |13-82| 8-18 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 | 5-20 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 1-3 | 8-33| 20-32 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |33-60| 20-45 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------| 0-10| 3-12 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| 4 | 1-3 Latonia |10-37| 10-16 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |37-65| 3-10 |1.40-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | | LoF------| 0-8 | 10-27 |1.30-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.43| 4 | .5-1 Lorman | 8-44| 35-55 |1.20-1.50| <0.06 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Very high----|0.32| | |44-65| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | | | | Lorman------| 0-8 | 5-20 |1.30-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 4 | .5-1 | 8-44| 35-55 |1.20-1.50| <0.06 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Very high----|0.32| | |44-65| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 0-13| 3-10 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 |13-35| 10-25 |1.40-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |35-60| 27-50 |1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |High------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna-----| 0-7 | 2-12 |1.50-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.0 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 | 7-86| 35-60 |1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.0 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | LuA------| 0-11| 7-20 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| 5 | .5-2 Lucedale |11-65| 20-30 |1.55-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | MA------| 0-12| 7-20 |1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|3.5-6.5 |Low------|0.28| 4 | .5-2 Irvington |12-34| 18-35 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|3.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | |34-82| 18-40 |1.50-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 199

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Erosion | Soil name and |Depth| Clay | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil |Shrink-swell |______factors | Organic map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | | matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | | K | T | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | | | | McLaurin------| 0-10| 1-5 |1.30-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.17| 5 | .5-2 |10-34| 10-18 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |34-43| 5-15 |1.30-1.70| 2.0-6.0 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |43-60| 5-27 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| 0-8 | 6-14 |1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 1-3 | 8-68| 10-18 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | McA, McB, McC----| 0-10| 5-10 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| 5 | .5-2 McLaurin |10-40| 10-18 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |40-46| 5-15 |1.30-1.70| 2.0-6.0 |0.05-0.10|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | |46-60| 5-27 |1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | | | | Ouachita------| 0-12| 8-25 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.22|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 1-2 |12-57| 8-25 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.22|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | |57-82| 7-27 |1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.22|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | Jena------| 0-3 | 14-27 |1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| 5 | .5-2 | 3-38| 10-18 |1.30-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | |38-62| 5-20 |1.35-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.14|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | Ph*. | | | | | | | | | | Pits- | | | | | | | | | | Udorthents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PrA, PrB------| 0-6 | 5-18 |1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 4 | 1-3 Prentiss | 6-68| 5-18 |0.80-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 0-10| 3-16 |1.50-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.16|3.6-5.5 |Low------|0.24| 4 | .5-3 Savannah |10-28| 18-32 |1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.17|3.6-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | |28-60| 18-32 |1.60-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10|3.6-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | SmE------| 0-13| 2-15 |1.40-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.14-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 Smithdale |13-33| 18-33 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.17|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.24| | |33-60| 12-27 |1.40-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.14-0.16|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------| 0-13| 5-15 |1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 1-3 Stough |13-25| 8-18 |1.45-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.07-0.11|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | |25-65| 5-27 |1.55-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.07-0.11|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | SsB------| 0-7 | 2-12 |1.50-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.0 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 Susquehanna | 7-86| 35-60 |1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.0 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna-----| 0-7 | 2-12 |1.50-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.0 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 | 7-86| 35-60 |1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.0 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | Freest------| 0-13| 3-10 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | .5-2 |13-35| 10-25 |1.40-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.32| | |35-60| 27-50 |1.40-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18|5.1-5.5 |High------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | Tr------| 0-8 | 5-20 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 1-3 Trebloc | 8-33| 20-32 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |33-60| 20-45 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 200 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Erosion | Soil name and |Depth| Clay | Moist |Permeability |Available| Soil |Shrink-swell |______factors | Organic map symbol | | | bulk | | water |reaction| potential | | | matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | | K | T | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| 0-8 | 5-20 |1.40-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 1-3 | 8-33| 20-32 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | |33-60| 20-45 |1.45-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|4.5-5.5 |Moderate-----|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | Quitman------| 0-13| 5-15 |1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.24|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 1-3 |13-27| 18-35 |1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | |27-62| 18-35 |1.45-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.17|4.5-5.5 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------| 0-50| 1-5 |1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.02-0.06|4.5-6.0 |Low------|0.10| 5 | <1 Wadley |50-95| 13-35 |1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.13|4.5-6.0 |Low------|0.20| | ______| | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 201

Table 16.--Soil and Water Features

("Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in the text. The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______| |______Flooding | High water table | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. Alaga | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AT------| D |None------| --- | --- | 0-1.0|Perched |Oct-Mar|High-----|High. Atmore | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaA------| B |Rare------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. Bassfield | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BdB, BdC------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. Benndale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BhD: | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Smithdale------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Bk------| D |Frequent----|Brief-----|Dec-May|0.5-1.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr|High-----|Moderate. Bibb | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BM: | | | | | | | | | Bibb------| D |Frequent----|Brief-----|Dec-May|0.5-1.0|Apparent|Dec-Apr|High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| D |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-Apr|0.5-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | Bn------| A |Occasional |Brief-----|Jan-Mar|3.5-6.0|Apparent|Jan-Mar|Low------|Moderate. Bigbee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ca: | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| B |Rare------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Annemaine------| C |Rare------| --- | --- |1.5-2.5|Apparent|Jan-Mar|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | CLB: | | | | | | | | | Cahaba------| B |Occasional |Very brief|Nov-Feb| >6.0 | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Latonia------| B |Occasional |Very brief|Nov-Apr| >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Bassfield------| B |Occasional |Very brief|Nov-Apr| >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | DO: | | | | | | | | | Dorovan------| D |Frequent----|Very long |Jan-Dec| +1-0.5|Apparent|Jan-Dec|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | Croatan------| D |Frequent----|Very long |Jan-Dec| +1-1.0|Apparent|Nov-Jul|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | FeC------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-2.5|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. Freest | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-3.0|Apparent|Nov-Mar|Moderate |High. Harleston | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeF------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|High. Heidel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 202 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______| |______Flooding | High water table | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ht: | | | | | | | | | Harleston------| C |Rare------| --- | --- |2.0-3.0|Apparent|Nov-Mar|Moderate |High. | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| D |Rare------| --- | --- |0.5-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | LaA------| B |Rare------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. Latonia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LoF------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |High-----|Moderate. Lorman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LsD: | | | | | | | | | Lorman------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Freest------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-2.5|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | LuA------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Lucedale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MA------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Perched |Dec-Apr|Moderate |High. Irvington | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MB: | | | | | | | | | McLaurin------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Benndale------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | McA, McB, McC-----| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. McLaurin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oa: | | | | | | | | | Ouachita------| C |Frequent----|Brief-----|Dec-May| >6.0 | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate. | | | | | | | | | Jena------| B |Frequent----|Brief-----|Dec-Apr| >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|High. | | | | | | | | | Ph*. | | | | | | | | | Pits- | | | | | | | | | Udorthents | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PrA, PrB------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-2.5|Perched |Jan-Mar|Moderate |High. Prentiss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Perched |Jan-Mar|Moderate |High. Savannah | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SmE------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|Moderate. Smithdale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SoA------| C |Rare------| --- | --- |1.0-1.5|Perched |Jan-Apr|Moderate |High. Stough | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SsB------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |High-----|High. Susquehanna | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 203

Table 16.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______| |______Flooding | High water table | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | | | | | | | | | | | ST: | | | | | | | | | Freest------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-2.5|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | Tr------| D |Frequent----|Very brief|Jan-Apr|0.5-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. Trebloc | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ts: | | | | | | | | | Trebloc------| D |Rare------| --- | --- |0.5-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Apr|High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | Quitman------| C |Rare------| --- | --- |1.5-2.0|Perched |Jan-Mar|High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | WdC, WdE------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |Low------|High. Wadley | | | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | |

Interim Publication—January 1999 204 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils

(Analyses by the Soil Genesis and Morphology Laboratory of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University.)

______| | |______Particle-size distribution | | |______Sand | | Soil name and | Depth |Horizon| Very |Coarse |Medium| Fine |Very |Total| Silt | Clay sample number | | |coarse|(1-0.5 |(0.5- |(0.25-| fine |(2- |(0.05- |(<0.002 | | | (2-1 | mm) | 0.25 | 0.1 |(0.1- |0.05 | 0.002 | mm) | | | mm) | | mm)| mm) | 0.05 | mm) | mm) | ______| | | | | | | mm) | | | | __In | | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield: | | | | | | | | | | MS-8905-1-6 | 0-4 | A1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 14.8 | 41.3 | 14.9 | 71.8| 23.6 | 4.5 | 4-7 | A2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 14.8 | 42.8 | 14.5 | 72.5| 22.6 | 4.8 | 7-14 | A3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 15.1 | 42.2 | 12.8 | 70.5| 22.4 | 7.0 | 14-27 | Bt1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 9.6 | 35.2 | 12.3 | 57.3| 27.7 | 14.9 | 27-46 | Bt2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 10.9 | 46.6 | 16.2 | 73.9| 18.3 | 7.8 | 46-60 | C | 0.0 | 0.1 | 8.9 | 55.5 | 18.2 | 82.8| 12.7 | 4.5 | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale 1: | | | | | | | | | | MS-8905-7-11 | 0-6 | A | 0.6 | 2.8 | 11.0 | 42.0 | 16.9 | 73.4| 22.3 | 4.3 | 6-13 | E | 0.4 | 1.9 | 10.4 | 40.6 | 18.5 | 71.8| 23.4 | 4.8 | 13-33 | Bt1 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 11.2 | 31.5 | 12.8 | 58.1| 17.4 | 24.5 | 33-39 | Bt2 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 14.0 | 33.9 | 12.8 | 63.3| 16.7 | 19.9 | 39-65 | Bt3 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 22.4 | 37.5 | 8.4 | 71.7| 10.9 | 17.4 | | | | | | | | | | Lucedale: | | | | | | | | | | MS-8807-25-30 | 0-7 | A | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 45.9| 44.4 | 9.6 | 7-14 | BA | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 43.6| 38.6 | 17.8 | 14-27 | Bt1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 38.8| 30.8 | 30.4 | 27-46 | Bt2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 49.0| 23.4 | 27.5 | 46-53 | Bt3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 52.3| 20.2 | 27.7 | 53-60 | Bt4 | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | 52.9| 19.9 | 27.2 | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna 1 2: | | | | | | | | | | MS-9103-1-9 | 0-4 | A | 0.5 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 26.7 | 18.7 | 49.5| 45.4 | 5.1 | 4-7 | E | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 14.8 | 27.1 | 43.9| 47.2 | 8.9 | 7-16 | Bt1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 5.5 | 7.4| 28.0 | 64.6 | 16-23 | Bt2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 4.7| 31.3 | 64.0 | 23-37 | Btss1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 4.8| 34.8 | 60.4 | 37-64 | Btss2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 4.5| 33.7 | 61.8 | 64-79 | Btss3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 8.1| 42.7 | 49.2 | 79-86 | Btss4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 10.2 | 13.6| 45.3 | 41.0 | | | | | | | | | | Wadley 1: | | | | | | | | | | MS-9111-1-8 | 0-8 | A | 0.0 | 3.1 | 68.8 | 15.1 | 3.0 | 90.1| 8.6 | 1.3 | 8-19 | E1 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 36.0 | 43.7 | 9.9 | 91.0| 7.2 | 1.8 | 19-31 | E2 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 42.8 | 37.3 | 9.6 | 91.2| 7.5 | 1.3 | 31-50 | E3 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 39.9 | 37.8 | 10.7 | 91.2| 7.5 | 1.3 | 50-65 | Bt1 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 26.3 | 38.0 | 10.8 | 76.7| 12.4 | 10.8 | 65-74 | Bt2 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 26.7 | 39.7 | 10.4 | 78.5| 10.6 | 10.8 | 74-85 | Bt3 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 22.1 | 41.9 | 12.9 | 78.5| 12.7 | 8.8 | 85-95 | Bt4 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 17.1 | 36.2 | 15.9 | 70.6| 18.6 | 10.8 ______| | | | | | | | | |

1 Typical pedon for the survey area. 2 Pedon has a higher content of clay in the control section than allowed for the Susquehanna series. This difference is within the error of observation; the pedon is not a taxadjunct.

Interim Publication—January 1999 Perry County, Mississippi 205

Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils

(Analyses by the Soil Genesis and Morphology Laboratory of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University.)

______| | | | Extract- | Cation- | | Soil name and | Depth |Horizon| ______Extractable bases | able | exchange | Base | Reaction sample number | | | Ca | K | Mg | Na | acidity | capacity |saturation | ______| __In | |------Meq/100g------|-Meq/100g----|-Meq/100g-|______Pct | __pH | | | | | | | | | | Bassfield: | | | | | | | | | | (MS-8905-1-6) | 0-4 | A1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 15.7 | 5.3 | 4-7 | A2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 17.9 | 5.3 | 7-14 | A3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 20.0 | 5.3 | 14-27 | Bt1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 20.9 | 5.1 | 27-46 | Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 14.3 | 4.9 | 46-60 | C | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 17.4 | 5.0 | | | | | | | | | | Smithdale 1: | | | | | | | | | | (MS-8905-7-11) | 0-6 | A | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 4.9 | 6-13 | E | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 13-33 | Bt1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 15.6 | 5.2 | 33-39 | Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 11.5 | 5.2 | 39-65 | Bt3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 10.4 | 5.1 | | | | | | | | | | Lucedale: | | | | | | | | | | (MS-8807-25-30) | 0-7 | A | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 8.4 | 11.7 | 28.2 | 5.1 | 7-14 | BA | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 6.0 | 8.6 | 30.2 | 4.9 | 14-27 | Bt1 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 44.4 | 4.9 | 27-46 | Bt2 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 8.2 | 40.2 | 4.9 | 46-53 | Bt3 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 5.1 | 7.9 | 35.4 | 4.7 | 53-60 | Bt4 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 26.4 | 4.7 | | | | | | | | | | Susquehanna 1 2: | | | | | | | | | | (MS-9103-1-9) | 0-4 | A | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 57.1 | 4.5 | 4-7 | E | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 57.1 | 4.8 | 7-16 | Bt1 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 6.1 | 0.1 | 17.3 | 29.4 | 41.2 | 4.6 | 16-23 | Bt2 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 6.9 | 0.1 | 21.9 | 32.8 | 33.2 | 4.6 | 23-37 | Btss1| 2.7 | 1.1 | 8.1 | 0.2 | 24.4 | 36.5 | 33.1 | 4.6 | 37-64 | Btss2| 3.2 | 1.0 | 10.1 | 0.2 | 22.5 | 36.9 | 39.0 | 4.7 | 64-79 | Btss3| 3.5 | 0.5 | 9.3 | 0.1 | 12.6 | 26.0 | 51.5 | 4.8 | 79-86 | Btss4| 3.5 | 0.6 | 10.4 | 0.2 | 16.0 | 30.7 | 47.9 | 4.7 | | | | | | | | | | Wadley 1: | | | | | | | | | | (MS-9111-1-8) | 0-8 | A | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 12.3 | 4.4 | 8-19 | E1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 9.1 | 4.8 | 19-31 | E2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 16.7 | 4.9 | 31-50 | E3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 16.7 | 5.0 | 50-65 | Bt1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 15.4 | 4.7 | 65-74 | Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 11.5 | 4.7 | 74-85 | Bt3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 14.3 | 4.6 | 85-95 | Bt4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 11.3 | 4.7 ______| | | | | | | | | |

1 Typical pedon for the survey area. 2 Pedon has a slightly higher content of clay in the control section than allowed for the Susquehanna series. This difference is within the error of observation; the pedon is not a taxadjunct.

Interim Publication—January 1999 206

Table 19.--Classification of the Soils ______| Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______| | Alaga------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments Annemaine----| Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults Atmore------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthic Paleaquults Bassfield----| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Benndale-----| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults Bibb------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents Bigbee------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments Cahaba------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Croatan------| Loamy, siliceous, dysic, thermic Terric Medisaprists Dorovan------| Dysic, thermic Typic Medisaprists Freest------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Aquic Paleudalfs Harleston----| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults Heidel------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults Irvington----| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Plinthic Fragiudults Jena------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts Latonia------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Lorman------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Lucedale-----| Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Rhodic Paleudults McLaurin-----| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults Ouachita-----| Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Fluventic Dystrochrepts Prentiss-----| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudults Quitman------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Aquic Paleudults Savannah-----| Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudults Smithdale----| Fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults Stough------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragiaquic Paleudults Susquehanna--| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Paleudalfs Trebloc------| Fine-silty, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Paleaquults Udorthents---| Typic Udorthents Wadley------| Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults ______| NRCS Accessibility Statement

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