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The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information The Paradoxical Brain © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur with Alvaro Pascual-Leone Vilayanur Ramachandran Jonathan Cole Sergio Della Sala Tom Manly Andrew Mayes © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’ s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pussuit ducation,of e learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521115575 # Cambridge University Press 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 3rd printing 2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by Print on Demand, World Wide A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The paradoxical brain / edited by Narinder Kapur ; with Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Jonathan Cole, Sergio Della Sala, Tom Manly, Andrew Mayes. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-11557-5 (hbk.) 1. Brain. 2. Neurophysiology. 3. Brain–Diseases. 4. Paradox. I. Kapur, Narinder, editor. [DNLM: 1. Brain–physiology. 2. Brain Diseases. 3. Cognition. 4. Mental Disorders. 5. Neurosciences–methods. WL 300] QP376.P345 2011 612.802–dc22 2010050211 ISBN 978-0-521-11557-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websitesis, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information In the spirit of the later writings of the only neuropsychologist to win the Nobel Prize, Roger Sperry (1913–1994), this book is dedicated to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), who viewed his life as one of a scientist, carrying out experiments in Truth, Love and Self-Denial. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information Contents Acknowledgements ix Preface xi Foreword xiv Oliver Sacks Author affiliations xvi Abbreviations xx Section 1 – Introduction 7. Cognitive ageing: a positive perspective 130 1. The paradoxical nature of Shira Zimerman, Lynn Hasher and nature 1 David Goldstein Narinder Kapur, Alvaro Pascual- 8. Paradoxes of learning and Leone, Tom Manly and Jonathan Cole memory 151 Henry L. Roediger, III and Andrew Section 2 – Neuropsychological C. Butler Perspectives 9. The paradox of human expertise: 2. Paradoxical effects of sensory loss 14 why experts get it wrong 177 Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Souzana Itiel E. Dror Obretenova and Lotfi B. Merabet – 3. Paradoxical functional facilitation Section 4 Neurological and recovery in neurological and Perspectives psychiatric conditions 40 10. Paradoxes in Parkinson’s disease Narinder Kapur and other movement disorders 189 4. Paradoxes in neurorehabilitation 74 Ashwani Jha and Peter Brown Tom Manly, Ian H. Robertson 11. Paradoxical phenomena in and Narinder Kapur epilepsy 204 5. The paradoxical self 94 Steven C. Schachter Vilayanur Ramachandran and 12. Paradoxical creativity and William Hirstein adjustment in neurological conditions 221 Section 3 – Cognitive Indre V. Viskontas and Bruce Perspectives L. Miller 6. Paradoxical psychological functioning 13. Paradoxical functional facilitation in early child development 110 with noninvasive brain David J. Lewkowicz and stimulation 234 Asif A. Ghazanfar Umer Najib and Alvaro Pascual-Leone vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information Contents 14. Unexpected benefits of allergies 20. Paradoxical phenomena in brain and cigarette smoking: two plasticity 350 examples of paradox in Bryan Kolb and G. Campbell Teskey neuroepidemiology 261 21. Immature neurons in the Judith Schwartzbaum, Linda Karavodin, adult brain. Breaking all the Narinder Kapur and James L. Fisher rules 365 J. Martin Wojtowicz Section 5 – Neuropsychiatric 22. The paradoxical hippocampus: Perspectives when forgetting helps learning 379 15. The paradox of autism: why does Howard Eichenbaum disability sometimes give rise to 23. Paradoxical effects of drugs on talent? 274 cognitive function: the Simon Baron-Cohen, Emma Ashwin, neuropsychopharmacology of the Chris Ashwin, Teresa Tavassoli and dopamine and other Bhismadev Chakrabarti neurotransmitter systems 397 16. Paradoxes in creativity and Roshan Cools, Esther Aarts and Mitul psychiatric conditions 289 A. Mehta Jonathan Hurlow and James H. MacCabe – 17. The paradox of psychosurgery to Section 7 Conclusions treat mental disorders 301 24. The paradoxical brain – so Perminder S. Sachdev what? 418 18. The paradox of electroconvulsive Narinder Kapur, Tom Manly, Jonathan Cole and Alvaro therapy 321 Pascual-Leone Angela Merkl and Malek Bajbouj Section 6 – Neuroscience Perspectives Index 435 19. Paradoxes of comparative cognition 332 Howard C. Hughes viii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11557-5 - The Paradoxical Brain Edited by Narinder Kapur Frontmatter More information Acknowledgements I am grateful to a number of individuals for their support in producing this book. Firstly, and most importantly, I am grateful to the contributors of the chapters who agreed to write such excellent articles in the context of what for most of them must have been very busy schedules, with many competing demands. They were asked to provide a novel perspective on research findings in their field, and they all showed an admirable commitment in taking up this challenge. My editorial support team (Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Jonathan Cole, Sergio Della Sala, Tom Manly, Andrew Mayes) is listed on the front cover of the book, and I could not have managed without them. I am particularly grateful to Jonathan Cole for his priceless and timely comments over many months on the drafts of every chapter. I am indebted to Tom Manly for the weekly sessions we had together, where his advice was illuminating and indispensable. Jonathan and Tom contributed many hours of their time on the book, and their input helped to shape both the chapters and the book itself in innumerable ways. Alvaro Pascual-Leone provided advice and encouragement in the early stages of the project. I am also grateful to the original anonymous book proposal reviewers, who made helpful comments at the early stages of conception and planning of the project. Itiel Dror, one of the contributors to the book, kindly introduced me to the work of Escher, whose drawing forms part of the front cover to the book, and Cai Wingfield also helped with this cover. I was fortunate to have general and specific comments on individual chapters from expert referees. I would like to thank Alan Baddeley, Roger Barker, German Berrios, Richard Bond, Carol Brayne, Tim Bussey, John Duncan, James Fawcett, Katerina Fotopoulou, Karl Friston, Chris Frith, Uta Frith, Fernand Gobet, Usha Goswami, Jordan Grafman, Rik Henson, Joe Herbert, Lee Illis, Gerd Kempermann, Franco Lepore, Paresh Malhotra, Roz McCarthy, Pat Rabbitt, Edwin Robertson, Allan Scott, Julie Snowden, Ed Wasserman, Roy Weller, Barbara Wilson, Andy Young and Adam Zeman. I am grateful
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