What Progress Had Been Made by 1962?
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Civil Rights During the Kennedy Administration, 1961-1963
CIVIL RIGHTS DURING THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION, 1961-1963 Part 1: The White House Central Files and Staff Files and the President's Office Files UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES: Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections August Meier and Elliott Rudwick General Editors CIVIL RIGHTS DURING THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION, 1961-1963 Part 1: The White House Central Files and Staff Files and the President's Office Files CIVIL RIGHTS DURING THE KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION, 1961-1963 Part 1: The White House Central Files and Staff Files and the President's Office Files A collection from the holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Edited by Carl M. Brauer Associate Editor Robert Lester Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Civil rights during the Kennedy administration, 1961-1963 [microform]. (Black studies research sources: microfilms from major archival and manuscript collections) Contents: pt. 1. The White House central files and staff files and the president's office files/ edited by Carl M. Brauer. 1. Civil rights—United States—History—Sources. 2. United States—Politics and government—1961-1963— Sources. 3. John F. Kennedy Library. I. Brauer, Carl M., 1946- . II. John F. Kennedy Library. [JC599] 323.4'0973 87-2061 ISBN 0-89093-900-4 (pt. 1) Copyright ® 1986 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN -
Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Post-Presidential Papers, 1961-69
EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.: POST-PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS, 1961-69 1963 PRINCIPAL FILE SERIES DESCRIPTION The 1963 Principal File served as the main office file for Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Gettysburg office. It is divided into two subseries--a subject file and an alphabetical file. The subject subseries contains such categories as appointments, autographs, endorsements, gifts, invitations, memberships, messages, politics, publications, statements, and trips. This subseries is comprised of a little over thirty-one boxes, and it is arranged in alphabetical order by name of subject category. Invitations generated the greatest volume of correspondence, followed by appointments, gifts, and messages. The alphabetical subseries consists of nearly thirty-nine boxes of materials arranged in alphabetical order by names of individuals and organizations. Though primarily a correspondence file, it also contains other types of documents, including speeches, published materials, lists, statements, minutes of meetings, and transcripts of interviews. This series reveals that the volume of Eisenhower’s correspondence continued to grow. It placed an increasing burden on his staff, who answered most inquiries, and on friends such as Bryce Harlow, who often drafted letters for Eisenhower on politically sensitive subjects, and on Dwight Eisenhower himself, who continued to edit correspondence with friends and acquaintances. The increased strain on Eisenhower and his staff is revealed in the many letters which turned down requests for appointments, autographs, speeches, endorsements, and special messages from the former president. The bulk of this series consists of routine correspondence and related materials. However, there are numerous letters and memoranda which discuss national and international events, issues, and personalities. The space program, taxes, the New Frontier, People to People, the Test Ban Treaty, the assassination of President Kennedy, NATO, the U.S. -
Affaire Du Cameroun Septentrional Case
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES AFFAIRE DU CAMEROUN SEPTENTRIONAL (CAMEROUN C. ROYAUME-UNI) ORDONNANCE DU 11 JANVIER 1963 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS CASE CONCERNING THE NORTHERN CAMEROONS (CAMEROUN v. UNITED KINGDOM) ORDER OF 1 1 JANUARY 1963 La présente ordonnance doit être citée comme suit: Aflaire du Cameroun sefitentrional ( Cameroun c. Royaume- Uni), Ordonnance du II janvier 1963: C. I. J. Recueil 1963, p. 3. )) This Order should be cited as follows: "Case concerning the Northern Cameroons (Cameroun v. United Kingdom), Order of II January 1963: I.C. J. Reports 1963, p. 3." No de vente : 1 Salea number 272 / INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 1963 II January YEAR 1963 General List: No. 48 II January 1963 CASE CONCERNING THE NORTHERN CAMEROONS (CAMEROUN v. UNJTED KINGDOM) ORDER The President of the International Court of Justice, having regard to Article 48 of the Statute of the Court and to Article 37 of the Rules of Court; having regard to the Order of 27 November 1962, extending to I March 1963 the time-limit within which the Government of the Federal Republic of Cameroun may present a yritten statement of its observations and submissions on the preliminary objection raised by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ; Whereas, by a letter dated 27 December 1962, the Agent of the Government of the Federal Republic of Cameroun requested that this time-limit be extended to I July 1963; Whereas, by -
Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River
Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1840-A Prepared in cooperation with the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and with agencies of the Federal Government Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River By H. C. BEABER and J. O. ROSTVEDT FLOODS OF 1964 IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1840-A Prepared in cooperation with the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and with agencies of the Federal Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ------------------------------------------------------- Al Introduction.______-_-______--_____--__--_--___-_--__-_-__-__-____ 1 The storms.__---_------------__------------------------_----_--_- 6 The floods.___-__.______--____-._____.__ ._-__-.....__._____ 8 Pennsylvania.. _._-.------._-_-----___-__---_-___-_--_ ..___ 8 West Virginia.--.-._____--_--____--_-----_-----_---__--_-_-__- 11 Ohio.-.------.---_-_-_.__--_-._---__.____.-__._--..____ 11 Muskingum River basin._---___-__---___---________________ 11 Hocking River basin_______________________________________ 12 Scioto River basin______.__________________________________ 13 Little Miami River basin.__-____-_.___._-._____________.__. 13 Kentucky._.__.___.___---___----_------_--_-______-___-_-_-__ -
Cyert and March (1963) at Fifty: a Perspective from Organizational Economics
Preliminary Comments Welcome Cyert and March (1963) at Fifty: A Perspective from Organizational Economics B. Gibbons∗ MIT and NBER April 7, 2013 Prepared for NBER Working Group in Organizational Economics∗∗ SIEPR, April 12-13, 2013 Coase (1937) launched organizational economics by implicitly asking “If markets are so good, why are there firms?” An enormous literature eventually developed, with work by Hart, Klein, Williamson, and others greatly deepening our understanding of the roles that transaction costs and property rights play in determining the institutional structure of production—that is, the boundaries of firms, as well as the contracts and other governance structures between firms such as joint ventures and networks. As late as 1972, however, Coase famously lamented that his 1937 paper had been “much cited and little used.” Today, organizational economics consists of two halves: the “theory of the firm” (focused on the aforementioned institutional structure of production) and the “theory of internal organization” (focused on the decision processes within organizations that, in certain settings, perform sufficiently well to supplant the market alternative). In this second half of organizational economics, work by Holmstrom, Milgrom, Roberts, Tirole, and others has greatly deepened our understanding of how decision processes determine organizational performance. I find it productive to ask whether the theory of internal organization has an animating question analogous to Coase’s for the theory of the firm (and, if so, who posed it, what else did they say, and what has become of this line of argument)? The answers I propose rest on work by Jim March—especially March (1962), Cyert and March (1963), and March (1966). -
President Kennedy Signs Community Mental Health Act Into Law; His Last Legislative Signature
HERITAGE October 1963: President Kennedy signs Community Mental Health Act into law; his last legislative signature MARY KORR RIMJ MANAGING EDITOR 98 99 The March 1963 issue of the Rhode Island Medical Journal EN published a summary from the American Medical Association on a multi-million dollar program President John F. Kennedy proposed to Congress to combat mental illness. It called for the establishment of hundreds of community health centers and services to research and address the needs of those with mental health issues and developmental disabilities, to be financed by federal and state or local governments. Congress was asked to AUTHOR appropriate $31.3 million in fiscal 1964 for the program. MARY KORR According to the summary, President Kennedy listed three RIMJ MANAGING objectives: EDITOR 1. Determining the causes of mental illness and finding effective treatments for them 2. Research and training of skilled personnel 3. Strengthening and improvement of programs and facilities for treating the mentally afflicted In the Cabinet Room of the White House, President John F. Kennedy signs the Community Mental Health Act (left) in October 1963. Looking on (L–R): Rep. Leo W. O’Brien of New York; Rep. Edith Green of Oregon; Rep. Albert Thomas of Texas; and Sen. Ralph Yarborough of Texas. The law became effective on October 31, 1963. “This approach is designed, in large measure, to use federal resources to stimulate state, local and private action,” President Kennedy said. “When carried out, reliance on the cold mercy of custodial isolation will be supplanted by the open warmth of community concern and capability. -
Local Protest and Federal Policy: the Impact of the Civil Rights Movement on the 1964 Civil Rights Act1
Sociological Forum, Vol. 30, No. S1, June 2015 DOI: 10.1111/socf.12175 © 2015 Eastern Sociological Society Local Protest and Federal Policy: The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement on the 1964 Civil Rights Act1 Kenneth T. Andrews2 and Sarah Gaby3 When and how do movements influence policy change? We examine the dynamics leading up to Kennedy’s decision to pursue major civil rights legislation in 1963. This marked a key turning point in shifting the exec- utive branch from a timid and gradualist approach. Although it is widely taken for granted that the civil rights movement propelled this shift, how the movement mattered is less clear. While most protest targeted local economic actors, movement influence was exerted at the national level on political actors. Thus, move- ment influence was indirect. We focus on the relationship between local movement efforts to desegregate pub- lic accommodations (restaurants, movie theaters, hotels, etc.) and federal responses to movement demands. Although exchanges between movement actors and the federal government took place throughout the period, the logic of federal response evolved as political actors sought strategies to minimize racial conflict. Specifically, the Kennedy administration shifted to a dual strategy. First, the Department of Justice attempted to promote “voluntary” desegregation by working with executives of national companies and civic groups. Second, administration officials worked with these same groups to build support for major legislation among key interest groups. This shift toward a more assertive and proactive intervention in civil rights stands in contrast to the pessimism regarding the prospects for federal policy only a few months earlier. -
Summary of Floods in the United States During 1963
Summary of Floods in the United States during 1963 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1830-B Prepared in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies Summary of Floods in the United States during 1963 By J. O. ROSTVEDT and others FLOODS OF 1963 IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1830-B Prepared in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 60 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ___-___--_--_---_---_--__---_--__-_____________-___-___-- Bl Introduction..____________________________________________________ 1 Determination of flood stages and discharges._________________________ 4 Explanation of data.-__--_--__--_---__-___-___-__-___-___-_---_-__ 5 Summary of floods of 1963____.____.___.__-__--__________-_-___--_ 6 January-February in California and Nevada._____________________ 6 January-February in southern Idaho, by C. A. Thomas.___________ 8 January 31-February 5 in eastern Oregon, by D. D. Harris..___.____ 16 February 1 at Vivian Park, Utah._______________________________ 20 February 3-7 in southeastern Washington, by L. L. Hubbard.______ 21 March from Alabama to West Virginia and Ohio, after Harry H. Barnes, Jr. (1964), and William P. Cross (1964)___...________... 28 Kentucky ________________________________________________ -
United Nations Juridical Yearbook, 1963
Extract from: UNITED NATIONS JURIDICAL YEARBOOK 1963 Part Four. Legal documents index and bibliography of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations Chapter IX. Legal documents index of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations Copyright (c) United Nations CONTENTS (continued) Pagt:" 2. Secretariat of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ ization Practice of UNESCO regarding the effect of independence on the participa- tion of Associate Members ................. .. 193. Part Three. Judicial decisions on questions relating to the United Nations and related inter-governmental organizations CHAPTER VII. DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS International Court of Justice Case concerning the Northern Cameroons (Cameroon v. United Kingdom), Preliminary Objections: Judgement of2 December 1963 199' CHAPTER VIII. DECISIONS OF NATIONAL TRIBUNALS 1. United States ofAmerica U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York U.S. Ex. ReI. Roberto Santiesteban Casanova v. Walter W. Fitzpatrick: Judgement of 16 January 1963 Status of staff member of Permanent Mission to United Nations-Inter pretation of Article 105 of United Nations Charter and article V, sec tion 15 of the Headquarters Agreement-Jurisdiction of Federal District Court ............................. 200 2. United States ofAmerica U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York U.S.A. v. Ivan Dmitrievich Egorov and Aleksandra Egorova: Judgement of 7 October 1963 Effect of visa and diplomatic passport-United Nations employee accused of criminal act not within his official duties is not entitled to immunity or Supreme Court's original jurisdiction ............ .. 202~ Part Four. Legal documents index and bibliography of the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations CHAPTER IX. LEGAL DOCUMENTS INDEX OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND RELATED INTER GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS A. -
March, 1963 Governor Lauds ·Safety
• OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 3 · ~637 . I. Vol. 22-No. 3 SAN F.RANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ~ 151 March, 1963 Governor LaUds ·safety. Effort Local ·3 ·Safety • ·Hailed _Program EDMUND G. BROWN/ §btr ttf Q:alifotui~t . ~ ~QVtRNO~ . GOVERNOR'S OF"F"ICE: ' SACRAMENTO At State Parley· . Operating Engineers Local 3 delegates to ~he Governor's Industrial Safety Conference, held at the Biltmore Hotel, Los Angeles, February 7 and 8, reported on their return that Local3's wide-ranging Safety Education Progral!l was prais·ed at the conference and hailed as -a model for other organiza- tions ·to follow. ( Representing Local · 3 at the Febrl.!ary 4, 1963 ·annual sa.fety conference which • drew some 1,500 participants were ViCe Pres. Jerry· Dowd, _ Rec.-Corr. S~c. W. y. Minahan Mr. Al C1em, Business l<lanager . and· Safety Representative Dale · operatin~ Engineers ·Local Union- No. 3 474 Valencia Street, :.. · Marr. Marr was orie of the ·prin san Francisco 3, Ca_lifornia cipal speakers at the Friday . morning sessiqn of the Construe- . Dear Al: tion se.ction of the conference. Dowd said that George Sher Recent publicity given to your J,atest safety drive reminds fue man, Chief of the California Di of' tnc important work ·Local 3 .has been doing_in accident . vision of Industrial Safety, told prevention. I wish ~ to personally comp~i~ent you ~nd all of about the Local 3 Safety Edu your members, for your . ,v:tgorgus action in th~ · interest of cation Go·inmittee program in . safety • .. tt is through· t}fe widespr:ead activities of_labor and _. -
1960'S Civil Rights Movement of St
Timeline of Events 1960’s Civil Rights Movement of St. Augustine, Florida Prepared by Shirley Bryce, David Nolan, & Gwendolyn Duncan Local & National Background In Topeka, Kansas, a black thirdgrader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only seven blocks away. Her father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the white elementary school, but the principal of the school refused. Brown went to the head of Topeka's branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help. The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. With Brown's complaint, it had "the right plaintiff at the right time." Other black parents joined Brown, and, in 1951, the NAACP requested an injunction that would forbid the segregation of Topeka's public schools. The U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas heard Brown's case. At the trial, the NAACP argued that segregated schools sent the message to black children that they were inferior to whites; therefore, the schools were inherently unequal. One of the expert witnesses testified that: "...if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored child's curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation." The Board of Education's defense was that, because segregation in Topeka and elsewhere pervaded many other aspects of life, segregated schools simply prepared black children for the segregation they would face during adulthood. -
RECAPTURES and RECOVERIES of BANDED NATIVE PANAMANIAN BIRDS by Hol•C• LOFTIN
RECAPTURES AND RECOVERIES OF BANDED NATIVE PANAMANIAN BIRDS BY Hol•C• LOFTIN Skutch (Ibis, 108:1-16, 1966), working chiefly in Costa Rica, presented evidence that nesting successof passerinesin tropical America is generally markedly inferior to that in north temperate regions. Clutch size of tropical passerinestends to be smaller, while number of clutches per seasonin general differs little from that of allies farther north. Thus, maintenanceof suchpopulations in the tropics evidently depends heavily on longer average life span among these birds which are not subject to the hazards of severe winter or lengthy migrations. The definite proof of such presumedlongevity is scanty, becausebanding data in the tropics over extended periods of time are scarce. Incidental to a study of North American migrant birds in Panama and in subsequentmist netting and banding, my collaborators (see Acknowledgments) and I have banded some 7,000 native Panamanian birds in the period 1962 through August 1974. In addition, I have the records of Mr. William Belton's banding activities in Panama for 1963-64,involving about 1,500 local birds. Numerous banding returns and several recoveries have been re- ported from among these birds. Many of these records indicate remarkable longevity and long attachment to locality among these little known species. For example, one Silver-throated Tanager (Tangara icterocephala)returned seven years and six months after banding, with additional returns in four different years between banding and last capture. The most venerable birds were a Clay- colored Robin (Turdus grayi) and a Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus),both found recently dead more than nine years after banding and within I km of the banding sites.