Special Article South African Journal of Science 104, September/October 2008 329

Gough Island 500 years after its discovery: a bibliography of scientific and popular literature 1505 to 2005

Christine Hänel

Position and status This article provides a comprehensive listing of information is positioned at 40° 18’S and 9° 56’W in the central concerning Gough Island in the South Atlantic. It covers 500 years South Atlantic (Fig. 1). Lying some 350 km south-southeast of since the island’s discovery in 1505, embracing works in the public , Gough has been considered to be a part of the domain. References are grouped by seven categories: scientific, Tristan territory and as such to fall under British protection ever popular, legal, miscellaneous, maps, visual material, and newspaper since Tristan da Cunha was declared a Crown possession in 1816. articles. An index is provided to facilitate searches by topic and It was not until 29 March 1938 that Gough was formally annexed author. An overview of the island, its status and relevance in terms and declared British territory. To this day, Gough Island forms of knowledge gained from research is also provided, together with part of the Tristan Archipelago, which in turn is now classed as a synthesis of information production and events that correlate with an Overseas Territory of the , forming, with this over the half-millennium covered. ’s role in running St Helena and Ascension, part of a single territorial grouping a meteorological station on Gough for more than half a century is under . The jurisdiction of Gough falls under the highlighted through contributions it has made on a global scale. Administrator of Tristan da Cunha, who represents the governor These include commemorating the Weather Bureau’s participation (resident at St Helena), and is advised by the Tristan Island in the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 50 years ago and the council. support role that the operations of the Weather Service, in conjunc- The spectacular nature of Gough and abundance of it tion with the directorate and Islands of the Department of supports, are among the features that contributed to the island Environmental Affairs and Tourism has provided, and continues to being declared a nature reserve under the Tristan da Cunha provide, to scientists and visitors from all over the globe. Supple- Conservation Ordinance of 1976. In 1985, it gained further mentary material online at www.sajs.co.za additionally provides a Scientific/Strict Nature Reserve Status under IUCN Category 1 pictorial essay that portrays Gough and events at the island. and in 1995 it was declared a . Included are rare historical and more recent images that give Gough Island measures approximately 13 km in length and insight into the nature of the island and operations there—in partic- 5 km in breadth, with an area of roughly 65 km2. Its highest point, ular, weather-related phenomena and the meteorological station, Edinburgh Peak, reaches 910 m. Volcanic in origin, the island is as well as spectacular views of Gough, whose fragile, harsh, yet rugged with precipitous cliffs along many parts of the shoreline, beautiful setting have earned it World Heritage Site status. which restrict landing and access to the interior. Exposed to the tempestuous elements of the Southern Ocean, the island commonly experiences heavy rainfall (approximately 3100 mm Gough Island: a synopsis annually), high wind-speeds and huge swells. In addition, mist Discovery often appears from nowhere, blotting out the island and its The discovery of Gough Island is still shrouded in uncertainty. features, thereby adding to the dangers that persons can and The most likely and accepted date points to July 1505, when the have been faced with while navigating around it. vessel of a Portuguese fleet sailing from Tagus (Portugal) to Gough’s inhospitable nature and isolation have been cited as Sofala (East Africa) was driven down to 45° South in the Atlantic likely reasons why no permanent human settlement was ever Ocean. It is suspected that it was on this occasion that the island established there before legislation was enacted to restrict it. was discovered and named after Gonçalo Alvarez, the captain of Nevertheless, like most islands in the Southern Ocean, Gough the stray ship, as variations of that name subsequently appeared was visited and inhabited for varying lengths of time, notably by on charts depicting the island in approximately the correct sealers who exploited the island’s animal resources during the position. 19th century. Since the establishment of a weather station in The island retained the name Gonçalo Alvarez until well into 1956, it has been staffed on an annual rotational basis. the twentieth century, despite having acquired a second name Value to science after it was re-sighted in 1732 by Charles Gough. Gough was the captain of the British East India Company’s vessel Richmond, that Meteorology and South Africa’s fundamental role was on a voyage from to China. From the vessel’s log it The value of Gough’s position for collecting meteorological is evident that Gough was aware of the island’s existence but data has been recognized since the mid-1900s, in particular by that it was called Gonçalo de Alvarez. However, as a conse- South Africa and seafarers navigating the Cape sea route, who quence of having estimated the position of the island to be are dependent on observations from areas to the west of the nearly 8°, or 500 nautical miles, east of its true position, Gough’s country for accurate weather forecasts. Attempts to collect data island was for a long time afterwards taken to be different from from Tristan da Cunha had been made in the early 1940s, but the that of Gonçalo Alvarez. The two islands were later recognized island’s topography proved unfavourable. In 1947, the South to be one and the same, but it is the name Gough that for some African government investigated other options and commis- unknown reason remains to this day. sioned an expert, Professor A.F.Spilhaus, to look into the matter. *P.O. Box 829, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] In his report, Spilhaus recommended the establishment of a 330 South African Journal of Science 104, September/October 2008 Special Article

Fig. 1. Locality map of Gough Island in the South Atlantic. Map drawn by C. Hänel. weather station on Gough. By 1950, however, plans to establish Gough as well as Tristan da Cunha and its already established one had been postponed due to difficulties in recruiting staff for weather station on Marion Island in its IGY programme. The South Africa’s Marion Island. As an interim measure, weather prominent role that Gough was to play in this led the SAWB to reports from ships increasingly crossing the Atlantic from South place the island high on its IGY programme agenda by expanding America were used. Then in December 1953, the opportunity the upper-air balloon component, vital for accurate forecasting. arose to test the value of synoptic reports from Gough when a Indeed, it is this facet of weather observations that to this day -based company began fishing operations in the necessitates the staffing of Gough’s meteorological station, as it area. For four months regular weather data were transmitted entails the release twice daily of a hydrogen-filled balloon in from the vessel Voorbok, which provided the evidence that order to capture the atmospheric data, an activity which can Gough was a suitable location for a meteorological station. Two easily result in failed attempts, given the powerful gusts of wind years later, the prospect of setting up a pilot meteorological that occur there. station on the island availed itself through the Gough Island The individual and collective contributions made to the IGY by Scientific Survey (GISS), a U.K.-organized research expedition the South African scientific programmes received international that was to be based at Gough between November 1955 and May recognition on a scale beyond the modest expectations of the 1956. Supporting the prospect of manning a permanent weather meteorological sub-committee of the South African National station, the South African Weather Bureau (SAWB; now the Committee for the IGY. Since then, valuable scientific work has South African Weather Service) supplied all the instruments and continued, made possible by South Africa’s continuing commit- an experienced meteorologist, J.J. van der Merwe. Through him, ment to servicing the weather station on Gough. morning and noon synoptic reports, including upper-air obser- vations, were radioed to Cape Town on a daily basis. The results Biological and physical research proved so valuable that the SAWB decided to maintain the The establishment of the weather station and regular supply operation. With the GISS having already established a base, the trips to Gough opened up additional project work. Coinciding agency offered to purchase the facilities from them and these with this were the scientific results that emanated from the GISS, were officially handed over on 13 May 1956. Van der Merwe took drawing particular attention to the biological character and charge of the weather station for another year and was sworn in value of the island. as the first magistrate of Gough Island. This set the foundations No doubt the advent of the GISS, the establishment of the on which the SAWB came to maintain the meteorological station meteorological station and participation in the IGY paved the at Gough ever since. It has collected data continuously for over way for the substantial increase in interest and information half a century, making it one of the most important meteorologi- produced in the 50 years since 1955. Indeed, this period accounts cal stations in the world for matters requiring weather-related for 80% of the 739 numbered items listed in the bibliography for information, in particular research into global climate change. the 500-year period—excluding information in the miscellaneous, Initially, part of the 1956 agreement to continue running maps, visual, and news categories. the Gough weather station was for the purpose of making a The value of the Gough Island ecosystem as a depository of contribution to one of the most ambitious scientific research special and rare species had not escaped the scientific fraternity schemes ever undertaken: the International Geophysical Year before 1950. Indeed, the most significant catalyst in providing (IGY), that was being planned for the 18-month period between and stimulating knowledge about these aspects came from the July 1957 and December 1958. With South Africa among some 46 results of the 1904 Scottish National Expedition (also participating countries, the SAWB was honoured by the IGY known by its ship’s name as the Expedition). This enterprise, committee with the task of preparing daily weather charts for which set out to study the wildlife and conduct meteorological the , south of 20°S. For this, information observations in the Southern Ocean and established the first from remote outposts was vital. Thus, the SAWB included Antarctic weather station, was also the first to target Gough for Special Article South African Journal of Science 104, September/October 2008 331

Fig. 2. Information produced in the 500 years since Gough Island’s discovery, represented by scientific, popular, and legal items listed in this bibliography. The boost in publications revealed by peaks above which the relevant years are indicated can be correlated with the results that emanated from the following scientific expeditions (the duration of their stay at Gough is indicated in brackets): peaks 1905 and 1913: Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (21–23 April 1904); 1923: Shackleton–Rowett Antarctic Expedition (27 May–3 June 1922); 1932: Discovery Expedition (7/8 June 1927); 1957: Gough Island Scientific Survey (13 November 1955–12 May 1956); 1981: South African National Antarctic Expeditions programme ‘Biological investigations of marine Antarctic systems and stocks’(October 1978); 1992: Cumulative results from various programmes, including: climatology, biological and the earth sciences. purely research purposes. Despite lasting only a few days, the servicing the weather station at Gough and contributing with survey work gave rise to at least 46 publications and reports over data to the success of the IGY, led to what has become a the following 13 years it took to analyse the findings. To this day, world-renowned meteorological station, on the shoulders of many of those documents still form the only source of information whose support structure a legacy of information gathering has about the less well-studied aspects of Gough and its surround- been made possible. Van Rooy, as the director of the SAWB and ing waters. Prior to 1904, a mere 14 items of information had chairman of the IGY sub-committee, received praise for these been documented, of which only three were scientific in nature achievements, but always claimed that it was due to the contri- (one about ‘a new Gallinule’, one concerning some bird eggs butions made by each participant from the different divisions collected, and one that referred to rocks from Gough). Yet, and parties, whether individually or as part of a team. Recog- despite the paucity of available information, the island and nizing the importance of every person’s part was the basis on interest in it was far from neglected. This is evident from the which he led the organizations, praising each member involved many visits known to have taken place between 1505 and 1903. for his or her support role openly and in writing, such as for Most of the visits (33 of the 39 recorded for the period) occurred instance the document here listed under the heading: ‘Lest we during the 19th century, and of the 33 that took place between forget’. 1800 and 1899, the main component (87%) were sealing voyages. About the bibliography Since sealers conducted their activities in notorious secrecy, and archaeological work at Gough is still largely lacking, relatively Technical notes little is known about this period in the island’s history. The The references listed in this bibliography are all accessible in obscure and buried remains of this fascinating era will be lost the public domain and are principally of a paper-based type entirely if nothing is done to find and preserve them in the near (that is, originally in hard-copy form). They embrace published future. and unpublished works covering a broad spectrum of documented I dedicate this bibliography to the early pioneers who had the media, including maps, postage items and other visual records, vision and tenacity to lay the cornerstones of information, and to as well as some fascinating and obscure items. build on those a solid foundation of knowledge about Gough, The references are grouped in seven main categories: 1) based on the thorough work undertaken by them and their Scientific (papers and books; theses; grey literature [including assistant contributors: (of the Scotia Expedi- unpublished reports and manuscripts]); 2) Popular (articles and tion, that conducted the first purely scientific investigations at books); 3) Legal and official (government gazettes and notices; Gough, in one of the last wooden ships without radio communi- letters; journals and logs); 4) Miscellaneous (wills and testaments; cations); Ernest Shackleton and Frank Wild (of the Shackleton– correspondence); 5) Maps and charts; 6) Visual material (photo- Rowett Expedition, during which Shackleton died and Wild, a graphs; films and videos; postage stamps); and 7) Newspaper loyal backbone of many of Shackleton’s expeditions, took over articles. The citations are arranged in alphabetical order by command, persisting in going on to conduct investigations at author (for categories 1–3), and in date order (for categories 4–7). Gough); John Heaney (of the Gough Island Scientific Survey, the To assist in locating some of the more obscure and rarer items, first comprehensive shore-based research expedition, which, the abbreviated names of holding institutions and in some cases through Heany’s vision, resulted in immense contributions and their specific reference locations have been added to the citations. led to the island being proclaimed a World Heritage Site); In some cases, where material lacked specific citation information Marthinus Paul van Rooy (of the South African Weather Bureau, (such as a title, volume or page number), it was supplemented and meteorological sub-committee of the South African Na- with relevant information in brackets. To facilitate searches tional Committee for the IGY), whose role in establishing and further, an index is provided for categories 1–3. 332 South African Journal of Science 104, September/October 2008 Special Article

Table 1. A breakdown by category of the items listed in the bibliography (1732–2005).

Scientific Popular Legal & Official Sub-total Miscellaneous Maps Visual News Sub-total Total (1) (2)

Published 485 160 Gov. Gazettes 19 Will & testament 1 23 Photos 7 211 Theses 11 Letters 14 Correspondence 5 Film 1 Grey literature 43 Journals & logs 7 Postage 9

Total 539 160 40 739 6 23 17 211 257 996 Percentage 72.9 21.7 5.4 100

The decision as to what material to include or exclude was in 1904 and 1916. Subsequently, some of the principal contributors some instances a difficult one to make, particularly in view of the included: the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition (at Gough in 1922); relative paucity of information in certain areas. References to the Discovery Expedition (1927); the Norwegian Antarctic Expe- audio and physical material (such as radio broadcasts, and dition (1933); the Gough Island Scientific Survey (1955–56) and specimen collections and artefacts, respectively) are not singled various programmes that subsequently participated in the out here, but information about holdings of that nature can South African National Antarctic Expeditions. In one case, be extracted from among the publications listed. Electronic namely the information peak of 1969, the spur was due to a information, specifically that of internet-based web sites, is non-scientific event. This was the loss of two members from the considered to be transient and thus not included here. No novels weather station, which required a massive search operation that or other fictional material have been included. involved a warship of the South African Navy, assisted by a By virtue of the constraints inevitable in a work of this nature, British vessel, members of the Tristan da Cunha community as the bibliography is not considered to be complete. However, well as the remaining Gough-based team members. The difficult with the extensive coverage and inclusion of the copious items circumstances under which the search and retrieval of the dead that would normally fall outside of the more formally used bodies had to be conducted gave rise to one of the most publi- sectors, it is hoped that this listing will serve as a useful tool for cized rescue operation ever carried out by the Navy. Not all visits locating information related to Gough Island, and stimulate produced information, however. Typically, those of an official informed synthesis. nature or that sought to exploit the island’s resources took place under relative anonymity. Of the latter, many were sealing Facts and figures concerning the information listed expeditions, most of which occurred during the 1800s, although For a general overview of the amount of information contained there were also some that were conducted in the 1900s. Among under the various categories in this bibliography, a breakdown is the commercial enterprises of the 20th century were three voy- provided in Table 1. ages that took place during 1919–20 in connection with prospect- An indication of the trend in information sources over the past ing for diamonds at Gough. The intriguing story behind those 500 years is provided in Fig. 2. This clearly shows that scientific events, although a well-kept secret at the time, did come to light, expeditions have contributed significantly to knowledge about however, in several publications that were produced between the island. The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition in 1904 13 and 42 years later. was the main start, having as a direct result of these investiga- The bibliography is available and a collection of photographs of Gough Island tions been responsible for 96% of the 48 items produced between can be viewed online at www.sajs.co.za 1

Supplementary material to:

Hänel C. (2008). Gough Island 500 years after its discovery: a bibliography of scientific and popular literature 1505 to 2005. S. Afr. J. Sci. 104, 329–332.

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Legal & official documents 730. Seal E.A. (Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office, London), 1937, Dec. 22. Letter to the Admiralty, London, Ref. M.04859/37; C 8835/2256/18. NA [ref FO Government gazettes & notices 371/207 48]; & SPRI. 700. London, Colonial Office (1950). Wild Life Protection Ordinance, Tristan da 731. Strang W.(Foreign Office, S.W.1),1937, Sep. 22. Letter to the Under-Secretary Cunha. H.M.S.O., London. of State, Colonial Office. Ref. C 6359/2256/18. SPRI. 701. London Gazette 1938, Jan. 18, No 34474, p. 364. [Re: Gough Island to become 732. Williams J.B. (Colonial Office, Downing Street), 1937, Sep. 8. Letter to the dependency of Island of St. Helena]. NA. Ref: ZJ1/908. Admiralty Secretary. Ref. C 7339/2256/18 (M.04859/37). SPRI. 702. South Africa, Cape of Good Hope Government Gazette 1869, June 18, Vol. 4(130). Journals & logs Shipping and Trade. Arrivals in Table Bay. 733. Gough C. (c.1732). A Journal of a Voyage intended by God’s assistance from England 703. South Africa, Government Gazettes 2002 March 28, No. 23232, Notice No. 354. towards Canton in China in the good ship Richmond, upon account of the Honourable National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), Envi- United East India Company of England. Manuscript logbook of HEIC vessel ronmental Implementation plans and Environmental Management plans Richmond, kept by Commander Charles Gough. BL India Office, Ref. No. under section 15 (1) of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 L/Mar/329A. (Act No. 107 of 1998). 734. Gunther E.R. (1925 27). Gough Island. Diary of E.R. Gunther, zoologist. NMM 704. South Africa, National Archives (1948–56). Gough research. Vol.102. Ref. BTS. library. Call number : MSS/87/096.11. Pretoria holding. 735. Rogers J.A. (1954). Journal of whaling voyage of ship Mentor of New London, 705. South Africa, National Archives (1952–62). Gough Island – Tristan da Cunha. Capt. William M. Baker. Kept by James A. Rogers. Reynolds Printing, New Vol. 692. Ref. BS 37–3. Pretoria holding. Bedford, Manuscript, 16 pp. SPRI, Ref. Pam 639.245.1 [19th Century Ameri- 706. South Africa, National Archives (1954–56). Scientific Survey. Climatological can]. expedition to Gough Island. Ref. DWB. Vol. 122. Ref. M12-10-3-1. Pretoria 736. Rogers J.A. (1959). Journal of whaling voyage of ship Mentor of New London, holding. Capt. William M. Baker. Jib Boom Club, New London. 707. South Africa, National Archives (1955). Proposed expedition to Gough Island. 737. Sherman S.C. (1986). Whaling logbooks and journals 1613–1927. Garland Pub- Vol. 111. Ref. AB 16-9-2-87. Pretoria holding. lishing, New York & London. 708. South Africa, National Archives (1956). Gough Island correspondence. Vol.35. 738. Stebbing Shaw, the Rev. (1801). The History and Antiquities of Staffordshire. Com- Ref. KSB-87-10. Depot TBK, Cape Town. piled from the manuscripts of Huntbach, Loxdale, Bishop Lyttelton, and other 709. South Africa, National Archives (1956–57). Staff appointments. Vol.56. Ref. AB collections of Dr. Wilkes, the Rev. T.Feilde, &c. including Erdeswicks’s survey 10–15. Pretoria holding. of the county; and the approved parts of Dr. Plot’s natural history. The whole 710. South Africa, National Archives (1956–59). Staff establishment and creating of brought down to the present time; interspersed with pedigrees and anecdotes posts – Gough Island. Vol. 31. Ref. AB 1-6-1-5. Pretoria holding. of families; observations on agriculture, commerce, mines and manufactories; 711. Tooke W.H. (?)(1906). Island of Tristan da Cunha. Guano deposits. Enclosure and illustrated with numerous plates. London M.DCC.XCVIII (1801). Printed No. 9, Minute No. 1/467. Prime Minister’s Office, Cape Town 1904, August 17. by and for J. Nichols, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street 2(1), pp.150 (188–193). BL, Printed for His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Rare Collections, Ref: 200i2 vol. 2. 712. Tristan da Cunha (1950). An ordinance to protect wildlife in Tristan da Cunha. 739. Vincent F. (c.1758). Journal of the British East India vessel Osterley, kept by St Helena: government Printer. Captain Frederic Vincent. BL India Office Testament 1774 Feb. 11. Gough C. Will and testament of Charles Gough. NA, Ref: Prob 11/995 713. Tristan da Cunha (1952). An ordinance to amend the wildlife (Tristan da Cunha). Protection Ordinance, 1950. No.5 of 1952. St Helena: Government Correspondence Printer. 1904 May 08. Hagan I. Letter. [Abstract: Written c/o Gas Works, Cape Town, Hagan 714. Tristan da Cunha (1976). An ordinance to make provision for the conservation of the fauna and flora of Tristan da Cunha. No. 1 of 1976. Jamestown, St wrote to W.S. Bruce Esq., introducing himself as a Tristanian who went to Helena: Government Printer G.P.O. 1976, 781, 502–72. Gough Island in the Wild Rose in 1892]. SPRI. Ref. MS 356/33. 715. Tristan da Cunha (1983a). An ordinance to define the fishery limits of Tristan 1905 Jan. 28. Andrews Fred. Letter. [Abstract: As ‘head man, Dyer Island’, Andrews da Cunha and to make provision for the regulation of fishing within those wrote to W.S.Bruce Esq., describing his activities on Gough Island as a sealer of limits and for other matters connected herewith. No. 1 of 1983. St Helena: the Wild Rose]. SPRI. Ref. MS 356/33. Government Printer. 1905 April 04. Andrews Fred. Letter.[Abstract: As ‘head man, Dyer Island’, Andrews 716. Tristan da Cunha (1983b). The Tristan da Cunha fishery Limits (Licensing of wrote to W.S. Bruce Esq., describing Gough Island and the prospect of dia- Fishing) Order, 1983. St Helena: Government Printer. monds being there. He refers to having kept a diary, but that this was burnt]. 717. Tristan da Cunha (1991). An ordinance to revise certain penalties contained in SPRI. Ref. MS 356/33. the Tristan da Cunha Fishery Limits Ordinance, 1983. St Helena: Government 1908 /09 (?). Penard E. Correspondence. [Abstract: Refers to the identification of the Printer. Gough Island mosses collected by the Scotia Expedition]. EUL, Special collec- 718. Tristan da Cunha (1992). An ordinance to amend the Tristan da Cunha Fishery tions. Limits Ordinance, 1983, so as to provide that the licensing powers of the Administrator in relation to foreign fishing vessels may also be exercised by 1910 June 26. Whitbourne A. Typed document. [Abstract: As ‘formerly A.B.H.M.S. the Governor. St Helena: Government Printer. Royalist 1887’, Whitbourne describes Gough Island as being ‘smothered in bands of guano 8 yards deep’. The letter was sent by W.S.Ballantyne, to David Letters Angus Esq.]. SPRI. 719. Boehmke H. (Bisset, Hofmeyr and Boehmke), 1936, Dec. 23. Letter to the Sec- Maps & charts retary for the High Commissioner, for the United Kingdom, Pretoria. Ref. C 2256/2256/18. NA [ref FO 371/207 48]; & SPRI. 1785 & 1792. Views of Goughs Is. Drawings by Charles Gough. Published by Dalrym- ple A. British Navy, London. 720. Coote E. (British Embassy, Rio de Janeiro), 1936, Nov. 20. Letter to American Department, Foreign Office. Ref. 8502/8502/18 (3/383/36). SPRI. 1785 & 1792. Views of Goughs Is. Drawings by Frederick Vincent. Published Dalrym- 721. Eastwood C.G. (Colonial Office, Downing Street), 1936, Dec. 22. Letter to the ple, A. British Navy, London. Foreign Office. Ref. C 9144/8502/18 (87512/5/36). SPRI. NMM (c. 1792 edt. in bound atlas publication). BL, Map Collection listed holding 722. Fleming J.I.H. (Acting Administrator for Tristan da Cunha), 1969, July 18 & the 1785 publication (Shelfmark: 435.k.17. [15]), but could not be traced. Aug. 15. Report on the Tristan islander’s expedition to Gough Island. Typed 1813 & 1816. An eye sketch of a supposed anchorage at Gough’s Island. By Charles Rich- letter, Enclosure 54. NA [ref FCO 42/404] ardson and L. Fitzmaurice. Engraved by J. Bateman; published by J. 723. Fleming J.I.H. (Administrator for Tristan da Cunha), 1969, Oct. 22. Tristan Horsburgh, London. HO. Ref: Cancelled copper pull D80, D94 & G162. BL, islander’s expedition to Gough Island. Letter, Enclosure 62. NA Map Collection, Shelfmark 147.e.18 [80], for 1816 sketch. 724. Mackenzie (Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Department and 1852. Îles de Tristan–d’Acunha. Mouillage del’Ile Gough. BL, Map Collection, listed South Atlantic), 1969, Nov. 11. Letter from the Finance, Policy and Aid Depart- holding as Shelfmark: Maps H.F.SEC.9. [1340], but could not be found. ment. Ref. KHR/VP 63. NA 1868. South Atlantic. Anchorage of Gough Isle. Published by James Imray and Son. 725. Phillips S.H. (Admiralty, S.W.1),1937, Oct. 24. Letter to the Under Secretary of State, Colonial Office, S.W.1. Ref. 7339/2256/18 (M.04859/37). SPRI. South Atlantic, 89 & 102 Minories, 1868. Admiralty, London. BL, Map Collec- tion, Shelfmark: Maps 978. [41]. 726. Phillips S.H. (By command of their Lordships),1938, Jan. 24. Letter to The Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth., Ref. M.01188/38; C 481/158/18. SPRI. 1887. Tristan da Cunha Group. Tristan Island surveyed by Captain Denham R.N. 727. Reed A.H. (South Africa House), 1952, May 28. Letter NS 1391/6 to the Com- 1852, Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands by Captain Nares R.N., and the officers monwealth Relations Office, Foreign Office & Colonial Office. SPRI. of H.M.S. Challenger, 1873. [Inset: Tristan Settlement and sketch of Gough 728. Robins K.H (Gibraltar & South Atlantic Department), 1969, Nov.11. Typed Island.] NA, Dept. CO, Series 700, Piece St. Helena 11. letter. NA [ref FCO 42/404] 1922. Sketch of Gough Island. By Lieutenant J.P.Rollston, R.N. 1887. Insert in: Islands 729. Robins K.H (Gibraltar & South Atlantic Department), 1969, Nov.19. Handwrit- and Anchorages in the South Atlantic Ocean. Admiralty, London. BL, Map Collec- ten letter. NA [ref FCO 42/404] tion, Shelfmark: Maps B.A.C.7. [1769]. 13

1928. Island & Anchorages in the South Atlantic Ocean & Gough Island, surveyed by Postage stamps Comm. F.A.Worsley, R.N.R of the Quest R.Y.S.1922. Admiralty Chart 1769. BL, 1921–22. Shackleton–Rowett–Quest Expedition. Two rubber postmarks. 1) A single cir- Map Collection, Shelfmark: Maps B.A.C.7. [1769]. cle date stamp ‘S-R Antarctic Expedition 1921’. 2) An oblong box cachet ‘Gough 1957. Triangulation diagram of Gough Island. Produced by J.B. Heaney, published in Island’. These were applied to items franked with various British crown Empire Survey Review 14(104), 63–73. (See Heaney J.B. 1957). stamps depicting the head of King George V, including the ‘Sea-horses’ (2/6 1957. Topographical map of Gough Island (colour). Surveyed by J.B. Heaney, assisted by half crown; 5/– and 10/– shillings) and several of the 1912–22 “coinage and M.W.Holdgate of the Gough Island Scientific Survey, November 1955 to May medal heads” (½; 1; 1½ penny; 2; 3; 6 pence and 1 shilling). 1956. Published by the Royal Geographical Society, London. 1955–56. Gough Island Scientific Survey. Two rubber postmarks. 1957. Gough Island [Chart]. Surveyed by J.B. Heaney, Esq., Gough Island Scientific 1) A single circle date stamp ‘Gough Island, South Atlantic’. Survey, 1956. Soundings by Com.dr R.T. Tripp, S.A.N., S.A.S. Transvaal, 1956. 2) An oblong box cachet ‘Gough Island Scientific Survey 1955–1956’. These were in use from Dec. 1955–May 1957 and applied to covers franked 1958. Gough Island geology, 1:40,000. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, United King- with Tristan da Cunha stamps (incl. ½d to 4 d) and South African Stamps. In dom, [1095]. Tolworth, Surrey. this time, 17 000 covers were serviced for philatelic purposes. 1958. Geological map of Gough Island. Published in: Overseas Geology and Mineral 1980. 150th Anniversary ~ Royal Geographical Society. Four British stamps. Resources 7(4), 371–380. (See R.W. Le Maitre 1959). 0000Drawings by Allan Crawford. 1) Islands of the mid-Atlantic ridge [5 P]. 2) 1961. Vegetation map and profiles of Gough Island. Published in: Ecological Monographs Tristan da Cunha Islands surveyed by Francis Beaufort, R.N. in H.M.S. Wool- 31(4), 337–367. (See N.M. Wace 1961). wich, 1806. [10 P]. 3) Norwegian Scientific Expedition 1937–8 at Tristan da 1962. Geological sketch map of Gough Island, South Atlantic. Published in: Zeitschrift für Cunha. [15 P]. 4) Gough Island map surveyed 1955–6 by the Gough Island Sci- Geomorphologie 28(4), 393–404. (See Ollier C.D. 1984). entific Survey. [20 P]. 1963. Gough Island Chart, [SAN 23]. J.K. Mallory, South African Hydrographic Of- 1983. Gough Island Weather Station. Three Republic of South Africa (RSA) stamps. fice, Mowbray, South Africa. Artwork by D. Thorp. 1) Gough Base [8c]. 2) Weerwaarneemings [25c]. 1970. Geological map of Gough Island. Published by: Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin & 1987. Tristanda Cunha. Fauna. Four British stamps. 1) Flightless moth Dimorphinoctua Stuttgart, in: Geology of the South Atlantic islands. (See Mitchell-Thomé Raoul C. cunhaensis & Edinburgh settlement [10 P]. 1970). 2) Strap-winged fly Tristanamyia frustulifera & the Crater Lake (of Tristan) 1975. Islands and anchorages in the South Atlantic Ocean, Chart No. 1769. Published by [25 P]. 3) Flightless rail Atlantisia ragersi & Inaccessible Island [35 P]. 4) Gough F.C. Learmouth, The Admiralty, London. Island moorhen Gallinula nesiotis & Gough Island [50 P]. 1984. Topographic map of Gough Island. Cartography by R. Boskovic. Published in: 1989. Tristanda Cunha–Gough Island. Five British stamps. [4× birds; 1× seal]. 1) Giant Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 28(4), 393–404. (See Ollier C.D. 1984). Drawn and petrel (Northern race) Macronectes giganteus [5 P]. 2) Gough moorhen (Island photographed by Directorate of Overseas Surveys, based on the topographi- cock) Gallinula comeri [10 P]. 3) Gough bunting Rowettia goughensis cal map surveyed by the Gough Island Scientific Survey and published by the (Imm.)[20 P]. 4) Sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca [25 P]. 5) Amsterdam fur seal Royal Geographical Society. (sub-Antarctic fur seal) Arctocephalus tropicalis [50 P]. 1984. Geological map of Gough Island. Cartography by R. Boskovic. Published in: 1996. Gough Island World Heritage Site. Four British stamps. All depicting birds. 1) Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 28(4), 393–404. (See Ollier C.D. 1984). Gough moorhen, Gallinula comeri [15 P]. 2) Wandering albatross, Diomedea 1987. Geological map of Gough Island. Modified by Chevallier L., after Le Maitre (1960) exulans [20 P]. 3) Sooty albatross, Phoebetria fusca [45 P]. 4) Gough bunting, & Ollier (1984). Published in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 33, Rowettia goughensis [60 P]. 325–336. (See Chevallier L. 1987). 1997. South African Bases in the Southern Ocean. Three South African stamps. 1) 1987. Regional structure and environment of Gough Island:a)Structure of the South At- ‘Gough Island Base’ [R1.20], shows a flying Antarctic skua with an offshore lantic ocean floor;b)Bathymetric chart of Gough Island fracture zone. Published in: stack (Lot’s Wife?). 2) Marion Island Base [R1.70 c], shows a King penguin on Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 33, 325–336. (See Chevallier L. the island’s coastline. 3) SANAE Base [no value], shows a gaping leopard seal 1987). on the ice. 1988. Revised geological map of Gough Island. Based on the original map from Le 2005. Tristan da Cunha–Gough Island Series 2. Thirty-six British crown stamps. Maitre (1960). Published in: Geological Magazine 125(2), 175–181. (See Maund Depicted are the islands, flora and fauna of Gough, Tristan, Inaccessible, J.G. et al. 1988). Nightingale, Middle and Stoltenhoff. 1994. Islands and anchorages in the South Atlantic Ocean. Chart No. 1769. Re-published Newspaper articles by F.C. Learmouth, The Admiralty, London, 18 Nov. • The Times 1877, March 31. Disasters at sea. (News), p. 11. Visual material • The Times 1877, Dec. 04. Wreck commissioner’s court. The Cairo. (Law), p. 11. • The Times 1879, Feb. 22. Disasters at sea. – Lloyd’s agent at Cardiff tele- (News), Photographs p. 12. 1904. Scotia Expedition to Gough Island. Photograph albums Vol. II. Prints 900–910. • Cape Argus 1881. [Cited in Wace N. and Holdgate M.W. (1976), section 5.5.4. as Some prints of the pictures produced in book about the Scotia voyage. referring to the taking of 8 tons of guano, 4000 penguin eggs and 151 sealskins from probably Gough Island]. EUL, Special collections • The Times 1886, Sep. 25. The loss of the Earl of . (Letters to the editor). David 1919. Diamond prospecting at the Glen, Gough Island. Photographs taken by Roderick Brown, p. 6. I. Garden. • The Times 1886, Nov. 09. Naval and military intelligence. (Official appointments A few small black and white prints, showing the activities of the diamond prospec- and notices), p. 7. tors. • The Times 1886, Nov. 17. The ship Earl of Jersey. – All hope is not yet abandoned. (News), p. 4. SPRI Picture library • The Times 1887, Feb. 10. The ship Earl of Jersey. – A Reuter telegram from Cape 1955–56. Gough Island Scientific Survey. Photographer J. Hall (& other members of Town. (News), p. 5. the GISS?). • The Times 1887, Feb. 14. The ship Earl of Jersey. – "J.W."writes. (News), Feb. 10, p. 3. Entire collection of black and white prints and their negatives, showing the activi- • Cape Times 1893, Feb. 17. From Tristan D’Acunha, p. 3. ties of the Gough Island Scientific Survey. SPRI Picture library. • The Times 1904, Aug. 23. Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. (News). From a 1956–Present. Team photographs. Printed photographs (mainly black and white) of all the correspondent, p. 6. teams that have participated in SANAP expeditions to Gough Island. Mounted on the walls in the base building on Gough Island. • Cape Times weekly edition (?) 1904(?). [Cited by F.Andrews in his letter 1905 Jan. 28. as having published the visit of the Scotia Expedition to Gough]. 1998. Aspects of Gough Island, TristanDa Cunha & the supply vessel SA Agulhas. Photog- rapher and copyright holder, Christine Hänel. A collection of 172 colour slides • The Times 1905, Aug. 19. The British Association in South Africa. (News). From (35 mm) depicting various aspects of life and landscapes on Gough Island (151 own correspondent, p. 4. images); the Tristan da Cunha settlement (17 images); the SA Agulhas in Cape • Scotsman 1908, March 09. The South Atlantic Trading Company, Limited. Town Harbour being loaded for trip to Gough and Tristan da Cunha. DEAT. • The Times 1913, Sep. 01. The Inaccessible Islands. Whaling and other rights. (News ‘Imperial & Foreign’), p. 6; p. 7. Other Gough images, by DEAT • The Times 1921, Sep. 17. The sailing of the Quest. (Editorials/Leaders), p. 9. Film & video • The Times 1922, Feb. 01. Shackleton’s last days. A comrade’s story. Quest continues 1956. Gough Island Scientific Survey. Filmed by J. Hall. 16-mm colour film converted her voyage. (News), p. 10. to video. Shows the activities of the members of the Gough Island Scientific • The Times 1922, Sep. 18. Voyageof the Quest. A great adventure. Valuablework for Survey and animal and bird life there. SPRI (video copy). science. (News). From own special correspondent – Plymouth, p. 9. 14

• The Times 1929, May 28. Mails and Shipping. Casualty reports. (Shipping News). • The Times 1956, Oct. 22. (To-day’s arrangements), p. 9. [Announcement of a talk at From Lloyd’s, p. 27. the Royal Geographical Society by John Heaney and Martin Holdgate on ‘Expe- • The Times 1929, June 27. The missing Danish training ship. An island searched. dition to Gough Island‘]. (News). From own correspondent – Copenhagen, p. 15. • The Times 1956, Nov. 06. Scott Polar Research Institute. (News in brief), p. 12. • The Times 1937, Dec. 01. Scientific studies on Tristan Da Cunha. Norwegian Expe- • The Times 1957, Jan. 18. Operation on board Royal yacht. Man from Gough Island. dition (News). From own correspondent, p. 15. (News), p. 7. • The Times 1938, Dec. 19. Visit to Tristan da Cunha. First land survey. Inaccuracies • The Times 1957, Apr. 17. Royal Geographical Society awards. (Official Appoint- in earlier charts. (News). From own correspondent – Portsmouth, p. 14. ments and Notices), p. 12. • The Cape Argus (?) 1940s(?). “Treasure” at Gough. • The Times 1957, May 09. A natural history centenary. Cambridge pioneers. • Bulawayo Sunday News 1948, Jan. 01. New island for South Africa. The Cape Argus (News). From own special correspondent, p. 14. 1951, Jan. 13. Union’s weather service in Southern sea. Outpost is needed on • The Cape Argus 1958, Feb. 15. Lonely Gough. Miles Brokensha. Gough Island. The Argus shipping correspondent, p. 13. • The Chronicle 1958, March 07. Lonely Gough. Miles Brokensha. Weekend maga- • Cape Times 1952, May 02. Russians landed on island. Russians visited Gough zine, Bulawayo. Island. Fishermen report signs of Slava landing. By Cape Times shipping corre- • The Times 1958, Oct. 03. A rare family party. London Zoo’s Gough Island spondent, p. 1 & p. 14. moorhens. (News), p. 12. • The Times 1955, Sep. 02. Of Mice and Men. Subject for study on lonely Island. • The Cape Argus/Times ? 1961–66? Research ship with copter off to-morrow. Staff (News). From own correspondent, p. 4. reporter. • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 03. Those mice on Gough Island make one think. • Evening Post (?) 1963, May 23. ‘A journalist’s diary’: Southward ho! To the real (Topics of the Week). Michael Green, p. 6. Blikkiesdorp. Adam Brand. • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 03. ‘Amateur doctor’ for Gough Island trip, p. 3. • Evening Post (?) 1963, May 28. ‘A journalist’s diary’: Gough islander would go • Cape Times 1955, Sep. 10. Keen interest in Gough Island Expedition. Ronald back any time. Adam Brand. MacBean, p. 10. • Evening Post 1963, June 29. Gough...a lovely island of death. J.T. McNish. Week- • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 12. Gough Island explorers due Thursday. The Argus end magazine, p. 1. shipping correspondent, p. 1. • Evening Post 1963, July 06. Death from the sky. Friends and foes on Gough Island. • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 13. Stravinsky for island’s seals. The Argus shipping J.T. McNish. Weekend magazine. correspondent, p. 9. • Evening Post (?) 1963, Sep. 18. ‘Ajournalist’s diary’: Somewhere on Gough is a lost • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 15. Explorers will be cavemen. The Argus shipping man. Adam Brand. correspondent, p. 2. • The Cape Argus 1963, Oct. 25. Landing the Tristaners is going to be difficult. Argus • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 17. Up Table Mountain. They are practising for Gough shipping. Island. The Argus shipping correspondent, p. 2. • Die Burger 1963, Oct. 26. S.A. weerkundise se lyk kom per skip in Kaapstad aan. • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 19. No seal stew in their cookery book. The Argus ship- Front page; p. 3 ping correspondent, p. 2. • The Cape Times 1966, Nov. 25. United States Naval Super Constellation aircraft, • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 20. Photo caption: Four more for Gough Island party, due to fly over Gough. Front page. p. 3. • The Cape Argus 1966, Nov. 26. Lonely Gough has a caller from the skies – Giant • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 20. Scientist to be island barber. The Argus shipping U.S. Navy plane, p13. correspondent, p. 9. • Herald (?) Port Elizabeth, 1969, June 30, Vol. 125(153). ‘Safety measure’ after bad • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 23. Flagship is ready for ‘Boffins‘. Photo caption: weather reported. Navy sends help to met men. Teams cut off from each other on Warship loads stores for Gough, p. 9. Gough Island. Herald correspondent. • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 24. We spent three days on Gough Island 33 years ago. • Die Burger 1969, June 30. Skip snel hulle te hulp. S.A. manne in nood op eiland, The new expedition is due to sail from Simonstown on Monday in H.M.S. Mag- p. 1. pie. Christopher Naisbitt. Magazine section, p. 11. • Herald (?) 1969, July 01. Weather may stop rescue bid. (Sapa). • The Cape Argus 1955, Sep. 26. Magpie given rousing send-off as she sails for • Die Burger 1969, July 01. Reën fnuik soektog op Gough. Skip vaar makliker na Tristan. Photo caption: All on board for the islands. The Argus shipping corre- twee vermistes. Deur ons Polisieverslaggewer, p. 1. spondent, p. 9. • Herald (?) 1969, July 01. Mother waits anxiously for news. Herald correspondent, • The Times 1955, Sep. 27. Gough Island weather station. (News in Brief). From own Ottosdal. correspondent, p. 6. • Die Burger 1969, July 02. Photo: Mnr J.G.S. Syffert, wat saam met ‘n ander • Cape Times 1955, Oct. 15. The rugged terrain of Gough Island. Weekend maga- weerman, Mnr A.A.S. Grobler, op Gough-eiland van hul makkers afgesny is, zine, p. 1. p. 13. • The Cape Argus 1955, Nov. 21. Scientist’s spine fractured. The Argus correspon- • Herald (?) 1969, July 02. No contact yet with Gough search party. By Herald corre- dent, .1. spondent. • The Cape Argus 1955, Nov. 22. Gough man has to wait. The Argus correspondent, • Die Burger 1969, July 03. Geen teken van Gough-manne. Deur ons p. 1. skeepsverslaggewer, p. 1. • The Cape Argus 1955, Nov. 22. Ship sought for Tristan. Gough leader may go back • Die Burger 1969, July 03. Photos: Reddingspoging, p. 13. to Britain. The Argus correspondent, p. 1. • Herald (?) 1969, July 03. Royal Naval tanker sails to aid rescue. Island search for • The Times 1955, Nov. 22. Leader of Gough Island Expedition hurt. (News in brief), men fails. Copter-carrier destroyer arrives at Gough today. p. 7. • Die Burger 1969, July 04. Leidrade gevind op Gough in soektog. Soekers kom op • The Times 1955, Dec. 12. Gough Island casualty landed in S. Africa. (News in brief). rugsak af. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer en Sapa, p. 1. From own correspondent, p. 7. • Herald (?) 1969, July 04. Helicopters to comb island today. Hopes rise for • The Times 1956, May 21. Return from Gough Island. British party’s success. weather-men. Searchers find candle and knapsack. By Herald correspondent, (News). Reuter, p. 6. Johannesburg. • The Cape Argus 1956, May 21. Russians landed on Gough and left their names in • Herald 1969, July 05. Search groups plan to comb Gough today. Photo: Members the visitors’ book. The Argus shipping correspondent, p. 9. of Gough Island team. • The Cape Argus 1956, May 23. Who wants to take Gough birds to Rand? Staff • Evening Post (?) 1969, July 05. Stormy, cruel Gough Island. Keith Dimbleby, reporter, p. 2. Evening Post staff reporter. • The Cape Argus 1956, May 24. Ready-made outpost on Gough for Union weather • Post 1969, July 05. Island search intensified. Gulls reduce hope for missing pair. men. The Argus shipping correspondent, p. 6. Sapa, Pretoria. • The Cape Argus 1956, May 24. Life on Gough Island. (Photo’s), p. 10. • Die Burger 1969, July 07. S.A. skop help nog 7 dae in soektog. Tristan se honde van • The Cape Argus 1956, May 26. Three of Gough men must rough it again, p. 9. vandag op Gough. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer. Headlines, p. 1 & 13. • The Times 1956, June 12. Scientists back from Gough Island. Weather station set • The Times 1969, July 07. In Brief. Two missing on Atlantic Island. (News in brief), up. (News), p. 7. p. 4. • The Times and Daily Telegraph 1956, Sep. 10. A naturalist’s paradise. Unique wild • (South African Newspaper) (Port Elizabeth ?) 1969, July 07. Search parties await life of South Atlantic sanctuary.(News), J.B. Heaney, p. 9. Tristan guides. 15

• Die Burger 1969, July 08. Tristan se mense kom help op Gough. Meer as 50 man • The Argus 1996, Jan. 29. Gough gets UN recognition. Environmental reporter, soek heeldag – maar niks! Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer. Headlines, p. 1 & 13. p. 10. • Herald (?) 1969, July 08. R.N. ship in hunt for missing men. 12 Tristans sail for • Die Burger 1996, Feb. 20. Gough-eiland se nuwe status laat ‘n skuiwergat vir Gough. Herald correspondent, Cape Town. beheerde. Anon. • Die Burger 1969, July 09.Waarheen was vermisted op pad? p. 1 & p. 15. • Die Burger 1996, Feb. 20. Weerstasie op Gough. Anon. • Herald (?) 1969, July 09. Gale halts search on island. Herald correspondent, Cape • Die Burger 1996, Feb. 20. Assegaaie. Anon. Town. • Die Burger 1996, Sep. 24. Vloot help met Gough-eiland vaart. Anon. • Herald (?) 1969, July 09. Search goes on for weather man. • Die Burger 1996, Sep. 25. Vlootskip help uit met eilandvaart. Anon. • Die Burger 1969, July 10. Soektog verder bemoeilik. Sneeu val op Gough. Deur • Cape Argus 1997, March 26. Vital message in a R15 000 bottle. ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 1. • Sunday Times 1997, Oct. 02. Ship slip-up could mean the cold shoulder for SA. • Die Burger 1969, July 11. Gure weer duur voort. Tristan-manne aan wal gesit op • The Mail & Guardian 1999, April 09. Into the wild: Expedition Gough Island. C. De Gough. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 4. Villiers. • Herald (?) 1969, July 11. Team from Tristan gets ashore on Gough. (Sapa). • The Mail & Guardian 1999, April 14. Black, female and an explorer.C. De Villiers. • Die Burger 1969, July 12. Soektog op Gough eindig. 2 lyke gevind. Vermistes dood • Die Burger 1999, Dec. 23. SA span op verre eiland hou eie fees. By K. Louwrens. op pad terug na basis. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer. Headlines, p. 1 & p. 9. • Die Burger 1999, Dec. 24. SA span op verre eiland hou eie fees. Anon. • Herald 1969, July 12. Tragic find by Tristan party. Gough bodies lay facing new base. Herald correspondent, Cape Town. • Beeld 1999, Dec. 24. Antarktika – Span speel dubbele rolle in kersspel. Anon. • Herald (?) 1969, July 12. R.S.A. to fetch bodies from Gough Island. (Sapa). • Die Burger 1999, Dec. 24. Eilandbewoners vier Kersfees met ‘dubbele rolle’. Anon. • The Times 1969, July 12. Meteorologists found dead. (News in brief), p. 1. • Cape Times 2000, Feb. 07. Tristan cracks down on kreef poachers. Gasant Abarder. (Sapa). • Die Beeld 1969, July 13. Weermanne tydelik begrawe op Gough. • Cape Argus 2000, Nov. 24. Marooned in the loneliest place on earth. Navy races to • Die Burger 1969, July 14. R.S.A. Vertrekeers vrydag. Skepe kom terug van Gough. rescue marooned fishermen. Henri du Plessis, p. 1. Deur ons skeepsverlaggewer, p. 1. • Die Burger 2000, Nov. 25. Drie skipbreukelinge wag steeds op redding. Anon. • Die Burger 1969, July 14. Ennerdale dedank. Britse helper by Gough vandag in Kaap. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 10. • The Citizen 2000, Nov. 25. SA ship rescue mission to island. Eleanor Momberg, p. 5. • Die Burger 1969, July 16. Britse kaptein prys S.A. skip se bemanning. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 9. • Sunday Times 2000, Nov. 26. MAYDAY.Navy’s frantic bid to save stranded fisher- man. Bonny Schoonakker, p. 1. • Cape Times 1969, July 17. Four days passed before S.A.N. sent to Gough. Anon. • The Star 2000, Nov. 26. SAS Protea to attempt perilous rescue. Melanie Gosling. • Die Burger 1969, July 17. S.A. vlootskip terug van Gough – verhale van ontbering, moed. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 11. • Cape Times 2000, Nov. 27. Race to save stranded men on Gough Island. Melanie Gosling, p. 3. • Cape Times 1969, July 18. Consul denies Gough ‘hush-up’. Anon. • The Citizen 2000, Nov. 27. Trapped sailors anxiously await SA rescue mission. • Die Burger 1969, July 18. Twee weermanne vertrek na Gough. Deur ons Thulani Msimang, p. 1. skeepsverslaggewer, p. 5. • The Mercury & Daily News 2000, Nov. 27. SAS Protea off to rescue stranded fisher- • Die Burger 1969, July 18. Simon van der Stel terug van Gough-soektog, p. 27. men. Patrick Leeman & Sapa. • Die Burger 1969, July 21. S.A. vloot leen offisiere aan die R.S.A. Masjiniste geleen • The Star 2000, Nov. 27. Stranded fishermen cling to life. Air team from SAS Protea aan R.S.A. Deur ons skeepsverslaggewer, p. 7. will attempt perilous rescue. Melanie Gosling, p. 1. • Die Burger 1969, July 22. Photo: P.W. Sandiford, radiotechnitian who left for • Cape Argus 2000, Nov. 27. SA ship set to rescue men on Gough Island. Gough Island, p. 9. • Cape Times 2000, Nov. 28. Men plucked from ghastly Gough Island ordeal. • Post 1973, Dec.18. Sorry to leave rugged and lonely island. Camilla Harrison, Post Melanie Gosling. reporter. • The Citizen 2000, Nov. 28. Sailors’ lives rest with SAS Protea. Thulani Msimang, • The Times 1977, July 27. Britain urged to fish the South Atlantic. (News). Ronald p. 1. Kershaw, p. 6. • Daily News 2000, Nov. 28. Ship speeds off to save marooned three today. • Die Burger & Beeld, bylae 1981, March 21. Groot rol vir klein eiland. J. Du Plessis, pp.6 & 7. • South African Press Association 2000, Nov. 28. Marooned fishermen ‘safe and sound’. • The Argus 1982, Dec. SA research team to study world’s islanders. Chris Erusmus, Argus science reporter. • Cape Argus 2000, Nov. 28. Gough Island rescue hours away. Henri Du Plessis. • The Argus 1983, Feb. 08. New crane for Gough Island weather base. B. Goddard. • Die Burger 2000, Nov. 29. Drie gestrande Kaapse vissers deur SAS Protea van Gougheiland gered. Janice Ohlson en Kobus Louwrens, p. 1. • Die Burger 1984, Oct. 17. Aflosspan vertrek na Gough. Photo: Die nuwe aflosspan vir die weerstasie of Gough-eiland ...... • Cape Times 2000, Nov. 29. Fishermen safe after dramatic rescue. Three airlifted from remote island. Melanie Gosling, p. 1. • The Times 1985, Nov. 22. Historic sites listed for heritage status. (News), p. 5. • Cape Times 2000, Nov. 29. British to investigate Gough Island drownings. Melanie • The Argus 1985, Dec. 03. Mercurial skuas puzzle Bob and Sue. The environmental Gosling. reporter. • Cape Argus 2000, Nov. 29. Rescued fishermen on way back to Cape Town. Henri • Die Burger 1988, June 10. SA man by Gough-eiland vermis. Anon. du Plessis. • Die Burger 1988, June 11. Man nog soek op Gough. Anon. • The Times 2000, Nov. 29. Three saved from island, p. 21. • Die Burger 1988, June 14. Hoop vir vermiste op Gough laat vaar. Anon. • Cape Times 2000, Nov. 30. Sea rescue an example to all. Anon, p. 10. • Die Burger 1989, May 03. Africana terug ná navorsingsvaart suid van Kaap. Anon. • Cape Argus 2000, Nov. 30. Tears of joy and relief for rescued fishermen. Jeanne • Die Burger 1989, Dec. 29. Toe vat rob ‘paar happe’ uit man se been. Anon. van der Merwe and Elliot Sylvester. • Die Burger 1990, April 06. SA skip op pad na eiland. Anon. • Die Burger 2000, Dec. 01. Reddingsdaad, p. 10. • Die Burger 1990, Oct. 30. Weerspan terug van Gough-eiland. Anon. • Cape Times 2000, Dec. 03. Tears flow as saved fishermen touch dry land. Melanie • Die Burger 1991, June 26. Jong pelsrob eet self: straks gou terug na koue tuiswater. Gosling. Anon. • Die Beeld 2000, Dec. 03. Tandmuis glimlag blink op Gough-eiland. Anon. • Die Burger 1993, Feb. 13. Vloot bring siek weerman na SA. Anon. • Die Beeld 2000, Dec. 03. Blye weersiens vir 2 ná Gough-nagmerrie. Anon. • The Argus 1993, Sep. 17. Rescue bid after 40 abandon freighter. J. Schrönen. • Sunday Times 2000, Dec. 03. Rescued fisherman wants to recover at sea. Bonny • Weekend Argus 1993, Sep. 18. Life raft gives Russians hope. Sapa Reuter. Schoonakker, p. 1. • The Argus 1993, Sep. 20. Search for missing seamen called off. R. Friedman. • South African Press Association 2000, Dec. 03. Gough islanders reunited with fami- • Die Burger 1994, Sep. 09. Gough-eiland weerspan groet SA vir veertien maande. lies. Bill Blumenfeld. Anon. • Die Burger 2000, Dec. 04. Vissers se stryd teen rotte, robbe onthul. Kobus • The Times 1994, Oct. 19. Outpost of empire likely to win world heritage status; Louwrens, p. 1. Gough Island, p. 11. • Die Burger 2000, Dec. 04. Redding ‘wys noodsaak van vloot’. Kobus Louwrens, • Beeld 1995, Aug. 08. Sewe vrygeselle leer bak, brou vir jaar op ysige Gough-eiland. p. 3. Anon. • Die Burger 2000, Dec. 04. Muis op Gough gaps gestrande se kunstande. By • Die Burger 1995, Aug. 08. Avonturiers maak hulle reg vir Gough. Anon. K. Louwrens. 16

• Die Burger 2000, Dec. 04. Pikkewyne op eiland gebraai om te oorleef. Anon. • Die Burger 2003, Sep. 24. Voorspoedige reis, Agulhas. • Cape Argus 2000, Dec. 04. Sweet homecoming as rescue ship docks in city. Survi- • Die Burger 2003, Nov. 18. Boot na Gough-eiland om weerstasie te herstel. vors tell of rats, lost teeth and ‘terrible’ penguin eggs. Elliott Sylvester, p. 3. Malixole Gwatyu. • Cape Argus 2000, Dec. 04. When the original Protea dashed to an island rescue. The • Die Burger 2003, Nov. 18. Storm beskadig weerstasie op Gough-eiland. shipping news. Henri du Plessis, p. 5. • Agency 2004, June 30. UNESCO approves extension of three natural sites on • Cape Argus 2000, Dec. 04. Two of the three Cape Town fishermen rescued from World Heritage List. Comtex News Network, Inc. Gough Island last week have been reunited with their families. Anon, p. 15. • Cape Argus 2004, Sep. 02. 50 years later, Gough Island weather team hails The Star 2000, Dec. 04. Fishermen back home, relieve Gough Island ordeal. Anon, • pioneers. John Yeld. Environment writer, p. 12. p. 1. • Burger 2004, Sep. 03. Vyftigste SA span op pad na Gough-eiland. Ziegfried Ekron, • The Star 2000, Dec. 05. One (n)ice effort, p. 14. p. 14. • The Economist 2000, Dec. 23. New flora and fauna for old, p. 17. • Cape Argus 2004, Sep. 09. Killer mice threaten giant birds. By John Yeld, p. 17. • Cape Argus 2001, March 13. Giant seal pursues dinner into bay.YunusKemp, p. 3. • The Times 2005, July 25. Giant mice eat rare seabirds alive, p. 15. • Die Burger 2001, Sep. 06. Geskiedkundige span van ses lede na Gough-eiland. Eerste navorsingspan met vrouekapelaan. Jorisna Bonthuys, p. 6. • Sunday Argus 2005, July 31. Battling the giant killer mice of Gough Island. Michael Hanlon, p. 10. • Die Burger 2002, Feb. 15. See-olifant bring weer besoek aan Kaapstad. Jan Taljaard, p. 10. • Cape Times 2005, Aug. 02. Expert to see if killer mice can be eradicated. Melanie • The Independent 2002, Oct. 30. Antarctica’s hungry birds seek shelter off Britain. Gosling, p. 4. By Brian Unwin. • Burger 2005, Aug. 03. Gough-eiland: Seevoëlkolonies bedreig: Reuse-muise maai • Die Volksblad 2003, Sep. 24. Dié navorsers nou ook op eiland. Ivor Price. onder albatrosse. Jorisna Bonthuys, p. 11. 1

Supplementary material to:

Hänel C. (2008). Gough Island 500 years after its discovery: a bibliography of scientific and popular literature 1505 to 2005. S. Afr. J. Sci. 104, 329–332.

This material is copyright protected and none of the images may be used without prior permission from the creators.

Fig. A. Aerial view of the entire island. The weather station at Transvaal Bay is located near the lower right-hand corner of the picture. Previously the meteorological station was located at The Glen, the vegetated area in the middle of the large bay on the right side of the picture. Photo: W. Burger. 2

Fig. B. Aerial view of east coast cliffs. The Glen is adjacent to the promontory in the upper centre of the picture. Its deep gorge runs to the top right of the photograph. Photo: M.K. Watkeys.

Fig. C. The supply ship RSA at The Glen. Photo: J.T. McNish. 3

Fig. D. The weather station at The Glen, affectionately known as ‘Blikkies Dorp’. Photo: J.T. McNish.

Fig. E.The weather station and adjacent coastline and mountains.The Archway Stack, previously joined by an arch that used to provide the landing route onto the island, is at the centre of this view of the coastline. Photo: C. Hänel.

Fig. F. The weather station complex from the air. Photo: C. Hänel. 4

Fig. G. The Archway Stack before the collapse of the connecting arch that provided the access route to the weather station. Photo: J.R. van der Merwe.

Fig. H. The supply ship S.A. Agulhas landing goods via the Archway. Photo: M.K. Watkeys.

Fig. I. Personnel carrier landing. This is still the only way of landing people outside of the annual take-over period (when helicopters are used between ship and shore to bridge the 30-metre-high cliffs). Photo: C. Hänel. 5

Fig. J. Calm sea at Archway Stack, Transvaal Bay. Photo: C. Hänel.

Fig. K. Stormy sea at Archway Stack. Photo: C. Hänel. 6

Fig. L. Meteorological instruments at the weather station. Photo: C. Hänel.

Fig. M. Dykes along the southwestern side, seen from an aerial view towards snow-covered South Peak. Photo: C. Hänel.

Fig. N. Dyke walls. Photo: C. Hänel. 7

Fig. O. High mires, typified by the green boggy areas that surround water bodies at the upper altitudes. Photo: C. Hänel.

Fig. P. View from the Sophera Glen landing. Photo: C. Hänel.