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A Novel Experimental Approach to the Explication of Information Processing Differences Between High and Low Anxious Individuals. Gina M

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A Novel Experimental Approach to the Explication of Information Processing Differences Between High and Low Anxious Individuals. Gina M Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 A Novel Experimental Approach to the Explication of Information Processing Differences Between High and Low Anxious Individuals. Gina M. Manguno-mire Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Manguno-mire, Gina M., "A Novel Experimental Approach to the Explication of Information Processing Differences Between High and Low Anxious Individuals." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7158. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7158 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has bean reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE EXPLICATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW ANXIOUS INDIVIDUALS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Gina M. Manguno-Mire B.S., Louisiana State University, 1993 M A., Louisiana State University, 1996 May 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number 9963953 ___ ® UMI UMI Microform 9963953 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table o f Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures................................................................................................................ v Abstract ........................................................................................................................... vi Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Review of Empirical Literature.................................................................................... 4 Attentional Bias------------ 4 Lexical and Affective Decision Tasks................................................ 5 Selective Attention or Pre-Attentive Bias?..................................................... 12 Dichotic Listening Tasks ..................................................................... 13 Masked Stimuli ..................................................................................... 14 Explanatory Models....................................................................................................... 17 Bower’s Associative Network Theory ............................................................ 17 Williams, Watts, MacLeod, and Mathews’ Model of Attentional Bias 20 Ohman’s Model of Fear and Anxiety.............................................................. 22 Overview of Experiment............................................................................................... 26 Pilot Data........................................................................................................................ 28 Method............................................................................................................... 28 Participants........................................................................................... 28 Apparatus and Stimuli......................................................................... 29 Procedure.............................................................................................. 30 Results............................................................................................................... 35 Awareness Check .................................................................................. 36 Subliminal Effects ................................................................................. 36 Category V alidation ............................................................................. 37 Response Bias....................................................................................... 38 Anxiety Effects..................................................................................... 40 Decision Time....................................................................................... 45 Hypotheses..................................................................................................................... 49 Full Experiment............................................................................................................. 51 M ethod............................................................................................................... 51 Participants........................................................................................... 51 Apparatus and Stimuli......................................................................... 53 ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Task A (Affective Categorization Task) .............................................. 53 Task B (Pathfinder Task) ...................................................................... 55 Procedure.............................................................................................. 56 Results................................................................................................................. 57 Task A (Affective Categorization Task) .............................................. 57 Awareness Check ...................................................................... 57 Subliminal Awareness ............................................................. 58 Proportion of Correct Classifications...................................... 59 Proportion of Stimuli Categorized as “Dangerous”............. 61 Signal Detection Analysis........................................................ 65 Decision Time........................................................................... 74 Task B (Pathfinder Task) ...................................................................... 76 Discussion........................................................................................................................ 79 References........................................................................................................................ 95 Appendix A: Social Anxiety and Distress Scale (SAD).............................................. 101 Appendix B: Pilot Words and Category Assignment.................................................. 102 Appendix C: Social Neutral Category Generation Instructions.................................. 103 Appendix D: Social/Non-Social Word Categorization Task...................................... 104 Appendix E: Familiarity Rating Task........................................................................... 105 Appendix F: Emotionality Rating Task........................................................................ 106 Appendix G: General Experimental Instructions........................................................ 107 Appendix H: Computer Task Instructions.................................................................... 108 Appendix 1: Participant Debriefing............................................................................... 110 Appendix J: Affective Categorization Task Words....................................................
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