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“Women's Voices in Ancient and Modern Times”
“Women’s Voices in Ancient and Modern Times” Speech delivered at the ANU Law Students’ Society Women in Law Breakfast 22 March 2021 I acknowledge the traditional custodians of this land and pay my respects to their elders— past, present, and emerging. I acknowledge that sovereignty over this land was never ceded. I extend my respects to all First Nations people who may be present today. I acknowledge that, in Australia over the last 30 years, at least 442 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have died in custody. It is a pleasure to be speaking to a room of young women who will be part of the next generation of Australian and international lawyers. I hope that we will also see you in politics. In my youth, a very long time ago, the aspirational statement was “a woman’s place is in the House—and in the Senate”. As recent events show, that sentiment remains aspirational today. Women’s voices are still being devalued. Today, I will speak about the voices of women in ancient and modern democracies. Women in Ancient Greece Since ancient times, women’s voices have been silenced. While we could all name outstanding male Ancient Greek philosophers, poets, politicians, and physicians, how many of us know of eminent women from that time? The few women’s voices of which we do know are those of mythical figures. In Ancient Greece, the gods and goddesses walked among the populace, and people were ever mindful of their presence. They exerted a powerful influence. Who were the goddesses? Athena was a warrior, a judge, and a giver of wisdom, but she was born full-grown from her father (she had no mother) and she remained virginal. -
5281 Bar News Winter 07.Indd
Mediation and the Bar Some perspectives on US litigation Theories of constitutional interpretation: a taxonomy CONTENTS 2 Editor’s note 3 President’s column 5 Opinion The central role of the jury 7 Recent developments 12 Address 2007 Sir Maurice Byers Lecture 34 Features: Mediation and the Bar Effective representation at mediation Should the New South Wales Bar remain agnostic to mediation? Constructive mediation A mediation miscellany 66 Readers 01/2007 82 Obituaries Nicholas Gye 44 Practice 67 Muse Daniel Edmund Horton QC Observations on a fused profession: the Herbert Smith Advocacy Unit A paler shade of white Russell Francis Wilkins Some perspectives on US litigation Max Beerbohm’s Dulcedo Judiciorum 88 Bullfry Anything to disclose? 72 Personalia 90 Books 56 Legal history The Hon Justice Kenneth Handley AO Interpreting Statutes Supreme Court judges of the 1940s The Hon Justice John Bryson Principles of Federal Criminal Law State Constitutional Landmarks 62 Bar Art 77 Appointments The Hon Justice Ian Harrison 94 Bar sports 63 Great Bar Boat Race The Hon Justice Elizabeth Fullerton NSW v Queensland Bar Recent District Court appointments The Hon Justice David Hammerschlag 64 Bench and Bar Dinner 96 Coombs on Cuisine barTHE JOURNAL OF THEnews NSW BAR ASSOCIATION | WINTER 2007 Bar News Editorial Committee Design and production Contributions are welcome and Andrew Bell SC (editor) Weavers Design Group should be addressed to the editor, Keith Chapple SC www.weavers.com.au Andrew Bell SC Eleventh Floor Gregory Nell SC Advertising John Mancy Wentworth Selborne Chambers To advertise in Bar News visit Arthur Moses 180 Phillip Street, www.weavers.com.au/barnews Chris O’Donnell Sydney 2000. -
Situating Women Judges on the High Court of Australia: Not Just Men in Skirts?
Situating Women Judges on the High Court of Australia: Not Just Men in Skirts? Kcasey McLoughlin BA (Hons) LLB (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, the University of Newcastle January 2016 Statement of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University's Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Kcasey McLoughlin ii Acknowledgments I am most grateful to my principal supervisor, Jim Jose, for his unswerving patience, willingness to share his expertise and for the care and respect he has shown for my ideas. His belief in challenging disciplinary boundaries, and seemingly limitless generosity in mentoring others to do so has sustained me and this thesis. I am honoured to have been in receipt of his friendship, and owe him an enormous debt of gratitude for his unstinting support, assistance and encouragement. I am also grateful to my co-supervisor, Katherine Lindsay, for generously sharing her expertise in Constitutional Law and for fostering my interest in the High Court of Australia and the judges who sit on it. Her enthusiasm, very helpful advice and intellectual guidance were instrumental motivators in completing the thesis. The Faculty of Business and Law at the University of Newcastle has provided a supportive, collaborative and intellectual space to share and debate my research. -
THE ADELAIDE LAW REVIEW Law.Adelaide.Edu.Au Adelaide Law Review ADVISORY BOARD
Volume 40, Number 3 THE ADELAIDE LAW REVIEW law.adelaide.edu.au Adelaide Law Review ADVISORY BOARD The Honourable Professor Catherine Branson AC QC Deputy Chancellor, The University of Adelaide; Former President, Australian Human Rights Commission; Former Justice, Federal Court of Australia Emeritus Professor William R Cornish CMG QC Emeritus Herchel Smith Professor of Intellectual Property Law, University of Cambridge His Excellency Judge James R Crawford AC SC International Court of Justice The Honourable Professor John J Doyle AC QC Former Chief Justice, Supreme Court of South Australia Professor John V Orth William Rand Kenan Jr Professor of Law, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Professor Emerita Rosemary J Owens AO Former Dean, Adelaide Law School The Honourable Justice Melissa Perry Federal Court of Australia The Honourable Margaret White AO Former Justice, Supreme Court of Queensland Professor John M Williams Dame Roma Mitchell Chair of Law and Former Dean, Adelaide Law School ADELAIDE LAW REVIEW Editors Associate Professor Matthew Stubbs and Dr Michelle Lim Book Review and Comment Editor Dr Stacey Henderson Associate Editors Kyriaco Nikias and Azaara Perakath Student Editors Joshua Aikens Christian Andreotti Mitchell Brunker Peter Dalrymple Henry Materne-Smith Holly Nicholls Clare Nolan Eleanor Nolan Vincent Rocca India Short Christine Vu Kate Walsh Noel Williams Publications Officer Panita Hirunboot Volume 40 Issue 3 2019 The Adelaide Law Review is a double-blind peer reviewed journal that is published twice a year by the Adelaide Law School, The University of Adelaide. A guide for the submission of manuscripts is set out at the back of this issue. -
Mary Alice Evatt Michael Kirby
Mary Alice Evatt Michael Kirby Long suffering spouses Have you noticed a subtle change that has come over the Australian political scene? Not so long ago the spouses and partners of our political leaders lived entirely private lives. They might turn up at a few political functions. They might occasionally be photographed arriving or departing at Fairburn airbase or at some other place of passage. But they were definitely in the background. In our public life, we disdained some of the features of American politics. In fact, we rather tended to look on their showiness as un-Australian. We did not touch our hearts when the National Anthem was played. We just stood to attention. Our political leaders were never seen in stretch limousines with out-riders. As for their lives' companions and their families, they were definitely not on public display, not public property. They enjoyed the privacy of ordinary citizens. Now, all that is changing as, in so many things, we imitate the American features of public life. Today, spouses and partners are often treated as fair game for the media and the public. Indeed, political leaders are virtually forced to introduce them into their high powered world. The very private Helena Carr, definitely a backgrounder in previous years, was thrust into the foreground of the recent New South Wales election campaign. The compulsory appearance of candidates with their spouses is now a feature of virtually every major political rally. On election night, the victor at least must turn up with spouse, children, parents and siblings if they are alive. -
Reflections on the Murphy Trials
REFLECTIONS ON THE MURPHY TRIALS NICHOLAS COWDERY AM QC∗ I INTRODUCTION It is a great privilege to have been asked to contribute to this special edition of the Journal containing essays in honour of the Honourable Ian Callinan AC QC.1 In this instance I shall concentrate on but one matter in his extensive practice at the Bar, but a significant matter that went for some time, had a variety of manifestations and encompassed a multitude of interests and conflicts: that is, his role as the prosecutor of the late Justice Lionel Murphy of the High Court of Australia. It is also a great burden to assume. Where to begin? What ‘spin’ (if any) to put on this chapter of Australia’s legal history in the space available? How much of the lengthy and at times legally technical proceedings themselves should be included? How to show enough of the play of the unique Callinan attributes? How to keep myself out of it, matters of significance having now faded from the ageing memory (even assisted by the few scraps of paper that survive) and because throughout the proceedings against Murphy at all levels I was Ian’s principal junior. It was a rare (for the time) pairing of Queensland and NSW counsel – the ‘dingo fence’ for lawyers was still in place at the Tweed in those days. At the time of his retirement from the High Court last year Ian described the case as ‘agonising’ – for himself, the court and Murphy – ‘It was a very unhappy time for everybody’ he said and so it was. -
The Comparative Distinctiveness of Equity
(2016) 2(2) CJCCL 403 The Comparative Distinctiveness of Equity Justice Mark Leeming Judge of Appeal of the Supreme Court of New South Wales* 2016 CanLIIDocs 51 Comparative law is difficult and controversial. One reason for the difficulty is the complexity of legal systems and the need for more than a merely superficial knowledge of the foreign legal system in order to profit from recourse to it. One way in which it is controversial is that it has been suggested that the use of comparative law conceals the reasons for decisions reached on other grounds. This paper maintains that equity is distinctive, and that one of the ways in which equity is different from other bodies of law is that there is greater scope for the development of equitable principle by reference to foreign jurisdictions. That difference is a product of equity’s distinctive history, underlying themes and approach to law-making. Those matters are illustrated by a series of recent examples drawn from appellate courts throughout the Commonwealth. * I am grateful for the assistance provided by Kate Lindeman and Hannah Vieira in the preparation of this article. All errors are mine. 404 Leeming, The Comparative Distinctiveness of Equity I. Introduction II. The Problem of Generality III. The Use of Foreign Equity Decisions IV. The Variegated Common Law of the Commonwealth V. Three Examples of Equitable Principle in Ultimate Appellate Courts A. Barnes v Addy: Liability for Knowing Assistance in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom B. Qualifications to the Rule in Saunders v Vautier C. Judicial Advice 2016 CanLIIDocs 51 VI. -
Judges and Retirement Ages
JUDGES AND RETIREMENT AGES ALYSIA B LACKHAM* All Commonwealth, state and territory judges in Australia are subject to mandatory retirement ages. While the 1977 referendum, which introduced judicial retirement ages for the Australian federal judiciary, commanded broad public support, this article argues that the aims of judicial retirement ages are no longer valid in a modern society. Judicial retirement ages may be causing undue expense to the public purse and depriving the judiciary of skilled adjudicators. They are also contrary to contemporary notions of age equality. Therefore, demographic change warrants a reconsideration of s 72 of the Constitution and other statutes setting judicial retirement ages. This article sets out three alternatives to the current system of judicial retirement ages. It concludes that the best option is to remove age-based limitations on judicial tenure. CONTENTS I Introduction .............................................................................................................. 739 II Judicial Retirement Ages in Australia ................................................................... 740 A Federal Judiciary .......................................................................................... 740 B Australian States and Territories ............................................................... 745 III Criticism of Judicial Retirement Ages ................................................................... 752 A Critiques of Arguments in Favour of Retirement Ages ........................ -
Critique and Comment Reform of the Judicial Appointments Process
—M.U.L.R— DavisWilliams — Title of Article — printed 14/12/03 at 12:53 — page 819 of 45 CRITIQUE AND COMMENT REFORM OF THE JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS PROCESS: GENDER AND THE BENCH OF THE HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA ∗ RACHEL DAVIS AND GEORGE WILLIAMS† [The judges of the High Court of Australia are appointed by the federal executive on the basis of ‘merit’ after an informal and secret consultation process. This system is anachronistic when compared with the judicial appointments procedures and ongoing reforms in other common law jurisdictions, and when considered against the minimum level of scrutiny and accountability now expected of senior appointments to other public institutions. It is also inconsistent with the role of the High Court in determining the law, including matters of public policy, for the nation as a whole. One consequence of the current system, including its reliance on the subjective concept of ‘merit’, is that, of the 44 appointments to the Court, only one has been a woman. The appointments process should be reformed to provide for the selection of High Court judges by the executive based upon known criteria after the preparation of a short list by a judicial appointments commission. Without this, the current executive appointments system threatens to undermine public confidence in the Court and the administration of justice.] CONTENTS I Introduction.............................................................................................................820 II The Current Executive Appointments Process........................................................823 -
Judicial Farewell
EMBARGOED UNTIL 1PM (EST) MONDAY 2 FEBRUARY 2009 HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA JUDICIAL FAREWELL THE HON JUSTICE MICHAEL KIRBY AC CMG JUSTICE OF THE HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA Attorney-General, The Hon Robert McClelland MP; President of the Australian Bar Association, Mr Thomas Bathurst, QC; President of the Law Council of Australia, Mr John Corcoran; President of my home Bar, the Bar Association of New South Wales, Ms Anna Katzmann SC; The Hon T E F Hughes, AO, QC; Judicial, Academic and other Colleagues; Family and Friends: In this room, where independent judges uphold the law and the Constitution, I start by honouring the people of Australia, in all of their diversity, most of them happily unaware of what we do here today. Fortunate is a land that lives in confidence under the rule of law, with elected parliaments, uncorrupted officials and independent judges. I honour the indigenous peoples of Australia. So long neglected, it is here, in this very room, before my time, that Mabo1 was decided ______________________ 1 Mabo v Queensland [No 2] (1992) 175 CLR 1. See also Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1. 2 demanding that we enter into a new relationship. I have tried to be faithful to my understanding of that decision2. I honour the Parliament. I am grateful that busy members of Parliament, past and present, from all major parties have done me the honour of coming here today. I honour you, Attorney-General. Not just for the high office you hold. But for good things that you have recently done. -
'Anomalous Occurrences in Unusual Circumstances'?
‘ANOMALOUS OCCURRENCES IN UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES’? towards a history of extra-judicial activity by High Court Justices by professor fiona wheeler ANU College of Law, Australian National University high court of australia public lecture High Court of Australia Canberra 30 November 2011 — 6pm courtroom one High Court of Australia 30 November 2011 — 6pm ‘ANOMALOUS OCCURRENCES IN UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTA NCES’? towards a history of extra-judicial activity by high court justices ABstract The independence of the judiciary from contrast to contemporary practice, a number government is a fundamental feature of of High Court Justices ‘crossed the divide’ Australia’s democracy. It forms part of our between the branches of government, serving common law inheritance and is embedded in roles ranging from government adviser in the terms of the Australian Constitution, to, in the case of former Chief Justices Sir notably in Chapter III, under which the John Latham and Sir Owen Dixon, official High Court of Australia is established. Australian wartime envoys to Japan and the Despite its central place in our United States respectively. constitutional arrangements, certain aspects How widespread was this extra-judicial of judicial independence, and the related work by Justices of the High Court in its doctrine of the separation of judicial power formative decades? How appropriate was it? from legislative and executive power, have And what do these off-court activities—some been contested and, to some degree, unstable. largely forgotten today—have to say about At different times in our history, different the historical development of separation of views have held sway about the appropriate powers and judicial independence in Australia? division between the judiciary and the other branches of government. -
Leading from the Bench: Women Jurists As Role Models
Leading from the Bench: Women Jurists as Role Models Remarks by the Honourable Marilyn Warren AC, Chief Justice of Victoria on the occasion of American Chamber of Commerce in Australia ‘Women in Leadership’ Breakfast at Crown, Melbourne 12 February 2015 Précis Women currently account for about one third of the Australian judiciary; an extraordinary achievement in a relatively short time. This figure is echoed in the United States. The Hon. Chief Justice Marilyn Warren AC, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria, celebrates the women who paved the way for judicial equality and who continue to act as role models and inspire others to continue the journey. Introduction Women are a relatively recent addition to the practice of law in Australia. It was just over a century ago in 1902 that Australia saw its first female law graduate, Ada Evans.1 Legend has it that her enrolment at the Sydney Law School was aided by a small stroke of good fortune or, rather, good timing. The Dean of Law at the time would never have accepted a woman, 1 Mary Gaudron, ‘Australian Women Lawyers’ (Speech to delivered at the launch of Australian Women Lawyers, High Court of Australia, 19 September 1997). Supreme Court of Victoria 12 February 2015 however luckily for Evans he was on leave at the time and her enrolment was accepted in his absence.2 Upon his return the Dean told Evans that ‘she did not have the physique for law’.3 However it was too late; Evans was not deterred. History had been made and the trailblazing had begun.