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Vol. 54, No. 2 2021 SCHOOL OF LAW CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY OMAHA, NEBRASKA BOARD OF EDITORS HALLIE A. HAMILTON Editor-in-Chief CHRISTOPHER GREENE SAPPHIRE ANDERSEN Senior Executive Editor Research Editor CALLIE A. KANTHACK SARAH MIELKE Senior Lead Articles Editor Executive Editor THOMAS R. NORVELL DEANNA M. MATHEWS Executive Editor Executive Editor ERIC M. HAGEN BEAU R. MORGAN JUSTICE A. SIMANEK Student Articles Editor Student Articles Editor Student Articles Editor EDITORIAL STAFF DANIEL J. MCDOWELL ASSOCIATE STAFF RILEY E. ARNOLD NICHOLAS BANELLI KIMBERLY DUGGAN JACQUELIN FARQUHAR NATALIE C. KOZEL ROBERT NORTON ROBERT J. TOTH JR.KAITLYN WESTHOFF GENERAL STAFF KRYSTA APPLEGATE-HAMPTON DON HARSH FRANKIE HASS ADDISON C. MCCAULEY NICKOLAS SACHAU LAURA STEELE FACULTY ADVISOR CAROL C. KNOEPFLER DANIEL L. REAL BUSINESS MANAGER DIANE KRILEY SPECIAL TRIBUTE A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR KEN MELILLI .... Patrick J. Borchers i. ARTICLES MEDICAL PAROLE-RELATED PETITIONS IN U.S. COURTS: SUPPORT FOR REFORMING COMPASSIONATE RELEASE .................Dr. Sarah L. Cooper 173 & Cory Bernard FEDERAL-STATE PROGRAMS AND STATE— OR IS IT FEDERAL?—ACTION .............. Michael E. Rosman 203 FOURTH AMENDMENT CONSENT SEARCHES AND THE DUTY OF FURTHER INQUIRY .........................Norman Hobbie Jr. 227 CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING AND THE ROLE OF THE PROSECUTOR ................Zachary B. Pohlman 269 EXTRALEGAL INFLUENCES ON JUROR DECISION MAKING IN SUITS AGAINST FIREARM MANUFACTURERS ....................Nathan D. Harp 297 NOTES “WHAT IS A “REASON TO BELIEVE”? EXECUTION OF AN ARREST WARRANT AT A SUSPECT’S RESIDENCE SHOULD REQUIRE PROBABLE CAUSE ............................... Robert Norton 323 The CREIGHTON LAW REVIEW (ISSN 0011—1155) is published four times a year in December, March, June and September by the students of the Creighton University School of Law, 2133 California St., Omaha, NE 68178. Subscription prices are $30.00 per annum. Past issues are available from William S. Hein & Co., Inc., 2350 North Forest Road, Getzville, N.Y. 14068 and through HeinOnline. Microfilm editions are available from NA Publishing Inc., P.O. Box 998, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-0998. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Creighton Law Review School of Law 2133 California Street Omaha, Nebraska 68178 (402) 280-2815 Publication office: Joe Christensen, Inc., 1540 Adams Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68521 Periodicals postage paid at Omaha, Nebraska and additional mailing office at Lincoln, Nebraska COPYRIGHT © 2021 BY CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS DANIEL S. HENDRICKSON S.J., B.A., M.A., M.DIV., PH.D....................... President MARDELL WILSON, B.S., M.S., ED.D........................................ Provost JAN D. MADSEN, B.S.B.A., C.P.A. ................Executive Vice President of Operations EILEEN C. BURKE-SULLIVAN, M.S., S.T.D. ............................ Vice President for University Mission and Ministry HEIDI W. GRUNKEYMEYER, B.A. .......................... Vice President for University Communications and Marketing MARY E. CHASE, M.S., ED.D...................Vice Provost for Enrollment Management RENE L. PADILLA, PH.D........................... Vice Provost for Global Engagement TRICIA A. BRUNDO SHARRAR, J.D. ....................................Vice Provost for Academic Administration and Operations CATHERINE M. TODERO, PH.D., R.N., FAAN. Vice Provost for Health Sciences Campuses CHRISTOPHER M. WHITT, PH.D.......Vice Provost for Institutional Diversity and Inclusion TANYA A. WINEGARD, PH.D.............................. Vice Provost for Student Life JAMES S. JANSEN, B.S., J.D. ........................................ General Counsel JOSHUA P. FERSHEE, B.A., J.D., Dean and Professor of Law CRAIG W. DALLON, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean for Academic Affairs RICK MCFAYDEN, A.B., M.S., J.D., Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Administration BARBARAKAYE WRIGHT, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean for Admissions MANDY WHIDDON, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean for Career Development CHRIS BAUER, B.A., M.S., Director of Development KELLY K. DINEEN, R.N., J.D., PH.D., Director of Health Law Programs RACHEL J. GOEDKEN, B.S., M.S., J.D., Director of the Werner Institute TROY C. JOHNSON, B.S., J.D., M.L.S., Interim Director of the Law Library CAROL C. KNOEPFLER, B.A., J.D., Director of Legal Research & Writing DAVID MADSEN, B.S., Director of Finance DIANE UCHIMIYA, B.A., J.D., Director of the Abrahams Legal Clinic FACULTY TERRY M. ANDERSON, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law EDWARD J. BIRMINGHAM, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law PATRICK J. BORCHERS, B.S., J.D., Lillis Family Professor of Law CATHERINE M. BROOKS, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professor of Law KRISTIN A. COTE´ , B.A., M.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law CRAIG W. DALLON, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law KELLY K. DINEEN, R.N., J.D., PH.D., Associate Professor of Law KENDRA HUARD FERSHEE, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law IRINA FOX, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law RACHEL J. GOEDKEN, B.S., M.S., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law VICTORIA J. HANEMAN, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law and Frank J. Kellegher Professor of Trusts and Estates MICHAEL J. KELLY, B.A., J.D., LL.M, Professor of Law and Senator Allen A. Sekt Endowed Chair in Law CAROL C. KNOEPFLER, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law RANETA J. MACK, B.A., J.D., Skinner Family Endowed Professor of Law R. COLLIN MANGRUM, B.A., J.D., B.C.L., S.J.D., A. A., Professor of Law & Ethel Yossem Endowed Chair in Legal Ethics PAUL E. MCGREAL, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law EDWARD A. MORSE, B.S.B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and McGrath, North, Mullin & Kratz Endowed Chair in Business Law KENT J. NEUMEISTER, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law DANIEL L. REAL, B.S.B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law STEPHEN C. SIEBERSON, B.A., M.A., J.D., PH.D., Professor of Law LARRY L. TEPLY, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law DIANE UCHIMIYA, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law and Connie Kearney Endowed Chair in Clinical Legal Education SEAN M. WATTS, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law and James L. Koley Professorship in Constitutional Law DAVID P. WEBER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law MICHAELA M. WHITE, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law LECTURERS PATRICK J. BARRETT, B.A., J.D. DONALD W. KLEINE, B.A., J.D. GARY R. BATENHORST, B.S.B.A., J.D. ADAM B. KUENNING, B.S., J.D. BRENDA D. BEADLE, B.S., J.D. DOUGLAS J. LAW, B.S., J.D. TRUDY BREDTHAUER, B.A., J.D. ANN C. MANGIAMELI, B.S., J.D. HON. BRIAN C. BUESCHER, B.A., J.D. KATIE MARTENS, B.A., J.D. ZACHARY BURT, B.A., J.D. JAMES O’CONNOR, B.A., J.D. CRAIG S. CLAWSON, B.S.B.A., J.D. HON. PATRICK R. RUNGE, B.S., J.D. HON. VERNON C. R. DANIELS, B.A., M.A., SHAWNTAL M. SMITH, B.A., J.D. J.D. ANTHONY J. SORRENTINO, B.S.B.A., J.D. TERRANCE S. DEWALD, B.S.B.A., J.D. ROBERT STARK, B.S.B.A., J.D. DANIEL DITTMAN, J.D. SEAN P. SUITER, B.A., B.S., J.D. JOEL HATCH, B.A., J.D. SHANE R. THIELEN, B.S., J.D. JOHN P. HEIL, B.A., J.D. JEFFREY L. THOMAS, B.A., J.D., LL.M. MALLORY HENNINGER, B.A., PHARMD., J.D. THOMAS (MICK) WAGONER, B.A., J.D. KELLI HUSER, B.S., B.A., J.D. SHERMAN P. WILLIS, B.A., J.D. NISSA JONES, B.S., J.D. MARY L. WILSON, B.A., J.D. LAW SCHOOL ADVISORY BOARD HON. JOSEPH BATAILLON WILLIAM HARGENS HON. ROBERT ROSSITER, JR. HON. FRED BATES LISA ANDRUS HAYAN STEVE SELINE ROGER BLAUWET CYNTHIA IRMER JAMES SILHASEK PATRICK COOPER THOMAS MCCORMACK DIANNE LOENNIG STODDARD SCOTT DOSEK RAYMOND MCGAUGH MARY VANDERNACK RAYMOND FEHRINGER NEVEN MULHOLLAND MICHAEL WALLACE THOMAS GAUGHEN MICHAEL MULLIN GAIL WERNER-ROBERTSON RICHARD GILLOON MAUREEN O’CONNOR HON. HORATIO WHEELOCK THOMAS GRENNAN Y. KAMAAL PATTERSON PATRICIA ZIEG LISA ANDRUS HAYAN JUDITH TWIDWELL POGGE A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR KEN MELILLI PROFESSOR PATRICK J. BORCHERS† When the Editors of this Review asked me to write a tribute to recently retired Creighton Law Professor Kenneth Melilli—or Ken as he asked to be called—I found myself a bit stumped. He and I have known each other for over thirty years, so it’s tempting to write some- thing about our personal friendship, but that wouldn’t really be a tribute. So let me start here: Ken is the best teacher (of anything) that I’ve ever known. Of course, there were many other aspects to his ca- reer. He produced a great deal of scholarship, much of it a great deal of utility to practicing lawyers, particularly his multistep process for cross-examining and impeaching witnesses with prior statements. He was a great colleague as he could brilliantly take complex problems apart piece by piece and simplify them. He graduated from New York University Law School. He prac- ticed briefly with a big New York City law firm, but then accepted a clerkship with a well-regarded U.S. District Court judge. From there he went on to become a federal prosecutor in Washington, D.C., and then took a similar job in Vermont. He prosecuted everything from shoplifting to the most serious felonies. When he decided to pursue a job as a law professor he landed at Albany Law School, in Albany, N.Y. As fate would have it, I landed at the same school a few years later. We quickly became friends and I looked up to him. He engendered a great deal of respect and fondness from students, but without in any way pandering to them.