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Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 IMPACT OF SANITATION ON ENROLLMENT OF GIRL STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY OF ALANGANALLUR C.D BLOCK, MADURAI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU Punitha Mary .S1 , Yuvaraj .D2 and Alaguraja .P3 1. Research Scholar, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. Arts College(Autonomous), Coimbatore 3. Assistant Professor, Dept.of Civil Engineering, Jai Shri Ram Engineering College, Tamilnadu ABSTRACT One of the major problems faced by hundreds of millions school-age children is infection by parasites and flukes. These parasites consume nutrients from children they infect, bringing about or aggravating malnutrition and retarding children's physical development. Access to sanitation facilities is a fundamental right that safeguards health and human dignity. Providing such facilities at schools not only help to meet that right; it also provides the most favorable setting to encourage behaviour change in the school and in the community. The present situation in schools of the sanitary conditions in rural and urban areas in developing countries is often appalling, creating health hazards and other negative impacts, thus schools are not safe for children. Based on this study is analyzing the impact of sanitation on enrollment of girl students in high school in Alanganallur block, Vadipatti taluk of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu State. Questionnaire was designed based on sanitation behavior of student, sanitation facilities of school and house, sanitation on environment and sanitation enrollment on government schemes of samples of respondent were collected the qualitative information about the school students (9th std girls) survey method was used for collecting questionnaire. The aim and objective of the study was to seek information on the influence of availability of sanitary facilities on the participation of the girl’s child in high school. Based on the result of the study, they have better sanitation facilities in home and school. But, they are lack of awareness of government schemes, sanitation of environment and sanitation behavior of student. So this study is recommending the awareness programme for respondents of sanitation behaviour, sanitation environment and sanitation on government schemes. Key words: Sanitation, Impact, Enrollment, Awareness 1. INTRODUCTION One of the major problems faced by hundreds of millions school-age children is infection by parasites and flukes. These parasites consume nutrients from children they infect, bringing about Volume 10 Issue 3 - 2020 1246 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 or aggravating malnutrition and retarding children's physical development (Blanton E). They also destroy tissues and organs in which they live causing pain and various health problems. Water and sanitation related diseases affecting children include diarrhoea, trachoma, schistosomiasis, scabies and Guinea worm. All of these have compromise children's attendance and performance at school and, not uncommonly, can result in death. While the impact of poor sanitation and hygiene is known to be disastrous for small children, it also has an important impact on the health of school-age children including adolescents. It is obvious that lack of sanitation and hygiene is a public disaster that deserves the highest priority (Hoque Biliqis). Diseases such as diarrhoea and parasitic worm infections need to be tackled by making improvements to water and sanitation facilities. However such improvements must go hand in hand with hygiene behaviour change, if the transmission of disease is to be prevented (Hammond B).Access to sanitation facilities is a fundamental right that safeguards health and human dignity. Providing such facilities at schools not only help to meet that right; it also provides the most favourable setting to encourage behaviour change in the school and in the community. The present situation in schools of the sanitary conditions in rural and urban areas in developing countries is often appalling, creating health hazards and other negative impacts, thus schools are not safe for children (Bowen A). Although water and sanitation facilities are recognised as fundamental for hygienic behaviour and children’s well-being, in practice, the sanitary conditions in most schools are woefully inadequate. Water supply, sanitation and hand washing facilities are either non-existent, too few or inadequate due to poor maintenance of water systems and toilets or latrines. Lack of facilities is only part of the problem. Where they are present, facilities are not adapted to the needs of children, in particular girls. Also the motivation of teachers and head teachers to provide offer skills-based hygiene education is not always evident. Lack of facilities and poor hygiene affect both girls and boys, although poor sanitation conditions at schools have a stronger negative impact on girls. All girls should have access to safe, clean, separate and private sanitation facilities in their schools. If there are no latrines and hand-washing facilities at school or if they are in a poor state of repair, then many children would rather not attend than use the alternatives. In particular girls who are old enough to menstruate need to have adequate facilities at school and normally separate from those of boys. If they don’t they may miss school that week and find it hard to catch up, which makes them more likely to drop out of school altogether. This gave impetus to the current study. The ultimate goal was to develop recommendations to improve the hygiene and sanitation status of schools in the region by using the feedback of sample respondent on the sample study area, with particular attention to the perspectives with girl’s schools in the Alanganallur block. Volume 10 Issue 3 - 2020 1247 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 2. STUDY AREA The present study area Alanganallur is a C.D Block in Madurai district in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated between 10° and 10° 11' north latitude and 77° 59' and 78° 10' east longitude (See Figure I). It is bounded on the north by Dinigul district, south by Madurai West block, and on the south west by Vadipatti block. It has an area of 275.3 square kilometers. The present study area is located at the Northern part of Madurai District. The study area covered part of Sirumalai hills and, Erakkalamalai, Perumal malai, Sempathi Vaguthu malai. The soil type have present in young alluvial soil and red gravelly. Alanganallur block has moderate climate with no extremes. The study area has well irrigated by Periyar sub canal. The agriculture activities are carried out in about large area. Paddy, Sugar cane, Coconut and Plantain are the major crops. There is a sugar factory located within 1 km from Alanganallur. According to the 2011 census, Alanganallur C.D Block had a population of 88,785 persons with 44,649 males and 44,136 females. There were 989 women for every 1000 men. The Taluk had a literacy rate of 76.37% persons with 84.4% males and 68.3% females. There were a total of 46,616 workers of which 5,237are cultivators, 26,096 persons are engaged as agricultural laborers and 692 are engaged in house hold industries. The decadal growth of population during the years 2001 to 2011 shows a fall due to migration towards industrial centers and other family welfare schemes. Volume 10 Issue 3 - 2020 1248 www.joics.org Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741 3. METHODOLOGY To understand the different problems faced by government school girl’s student, we decided to evaluate 10 government high / higher secondary schools in Alanganallur C.D block. Through the surveys we strived to evaluate the existing condition of sanitation facility and to identify the factors that would explain whether enrollment functions or not. Hence, our questionnaire was designed to sanitation behaviors of student, sanitation facility of schools and house, sanitation on environment and sanitation enrollment on government schemes. The samples of respondent were collected the qualitative information about the school students (9th std girls). The surveys were carried out over a period of one month and the observed that the popular problems, as described in the sanitation enrollment and results section. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Sanitation Behaviors of the student The schools in which the participants were drawn was gathered enrollment of girls in these schools is shown in Table 1. The objective of the study was to seek information on the influence of availability of sanitary facilities on the participation of the girl’s child in high schools. According to the information presented on table the majority of the respondent wear the clean dress like Kondayampatti, Alanganallur, Maniyanchi, Achampatti, Muduvarpatti, Senthamangalam, Chatravelala patti government girls student .Some of the respondent not wear the clean dress like Vellaiyampatti (1), Palamedu (6), T.Mettupatti, Muduvar (7). Based on the result (figure 4.1), the majority of the respondent wear the tight inner wear like T.Mettupatti (20), Palamedu (12) government girls students. Some of the respondent not wears the tight inner wear like Vellaiyampatti(18), Kondayampatti, Alanganallur, Maniyanchi, Achampatti, Muduvarpatti, Senthamangalam, Chatravelala patti. The majority of using dettol for washing inner wear in Muduvarpatti remaing sample study

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