E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 162 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2016 No. 27 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, February 23, 2016, at 2 p.m. Senate MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2016

The Senate met at 3 p.m. and was READING OF WASHINGTON’S been a uniform sacrifice of inclination called to order by the President pro FAREWELL ADDRESS to the opinion of duty and to a def- tempore (Mr. HATCH). The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant erence for what appeared to be your de- f to the order of the Senate of January sire. I constantly hoped that it would have been much earlier in my power, PRAYER 24, 1901, the Senator from Delaware, Mr. COONS, will now read Washington’s consistently with motives which I was The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Farewell Address. not at liberty to disregard, to return to fered the following prayer: that retirement from which I had been Let us pray. Mr. COONS, at the rostrum, read the Farewell Address, as follows: reluctantly drawn. The strength of my Our Father in Heaven, Your counsel inclination to do this, previous to the stands firm and sure. Fashion the To the people of the United States last election, had even led to the prepa- hearts of our lawmakers so that they FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS: The ration of an address to declare it to desire to do Your will. Today, as we re- period for a new election of a citizen to you; but mature reflection on the then member George Washington’s Farewell administer the executive government perplexed and critical posture of our Address, may we not forget that our of the United States being not far dis- affairs with foreign nations, and the Nation is not strong merely because of tant, and the time actually arrived unanimous advice of persons entitled military might, but that integrity and when your thoughts must be employed to my confidence, impelled me to aban- righteousness are also critical to na- in designating the person who is to be don the idea. tional security. Lord, keep our Sen- clothed with that important trust, it I rejoice that the state of your con- ators from forgetting Your promise to appears to me proper, especially as it cerns, external as well as internal, no surround the righteous with the shield may conduce to a more distinct expres- longer renders the pursuit of inclina- of Your Divine favor. Help us all to sion of the public voice, that I should tion incompatible with the sentiment continue to find hope in Your loving now apprise you of the resolution I of duty or propriety and am persuaded, kindness, for we trust in Your Holy have formed, to decline being consid- whatever partiality may be retained Name. May we take refuge in the un- ered among the number of those out of for my services, that in the present cir- folding of Your loving providence. whom a choice is to be made. cumstances of our country you will not And, Lord, thank You for the life and I beg you at the same time to do me disapprove my determination to retire. integrity of Justice Antonin Scalia. the justice to be assured that this reso- The impressions with which I first We pray in Your sacred Name. Amen. lution has not been taken without a undertook the arduous trust were ex- f strict regard to all the considerations plained on the proper occasion. In the PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE appertaining to the relation which discharge of this trust, I will only say binds a dutiful citizen to his country— that I have, with good intentions, con- The President pro tempore led the and that, in withdrawing the tender of tributed towards the organization and Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: service which silence in my situation administration of the government the I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the might imply, I am influenced by no United States of America, and to the Repub- best exertions of which a very fallible lic for which it stands, one nation under God, diminution of zeal for your future in- judgment was capable. Not unconscious indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. terest, no deficiency of grateful respect in the outset of the inferiority of my f for your past kindness, but am sup- qualifications, experience in my own ported by a full conviction that the eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME step is compatible with both. others, has strengthened the motives The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. The acceptance of, and continuance to diffidence of myself, and every day ERNST). Under the previous order, the hitherto in, the office to which your the increasing weight of years admon- leadership time is reserved. suffrages have twice called me have ishes me more and more that the shade

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:37 Feb 22, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.000 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 of retirement is as necessary to me as Interwoven as is the love of liberty and its commerce expand. Turning it will be welcome. Satisfied that if with every ligament of your hearts, no partly into its own channels the sea- any circumstances have given peculiar recommendation of mine is necessary men of the North, it finds its particular value to my services, they were tem- to fortify or confirm the attachment. navigation invigorated; and while it porary, I have the consolation to be- The unity of government which con- contributes, in different ways, to nour- lieve that, while choice and prudence stitutes you one people is also now ish and increase the general mass of invite me to quit the political scene, dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a the national navigation, it looks for- patriotism does not forbid it. main pillar in the edifice of your real ward to the protection of a maritime In looking forward to the moment independence, the support of your tran- strength to which itself is unequally which is intended to terminate the ca- quility at home, your peace abroad, of adapted. The East, in a like intercourse reer of my public life, my feelings do your safety, of your prosperity, of that with the West, already finds, and in the not permit me to suspend the deep ac- very liberty which you so highly prize. progressive improvement of interior knowledgment of that debt of gratitude But as it is easy to foresee that, from communications by land and water will which I owe to my beloved country for different causes and from different more and more find a valuable vent for the many honors it has conferred upon quarters, much pains will be taken, the commodities which it brings from me, still more for the steadfast con- many artifices employed, to weaken in abroad or manufactures at home. The fidence with which it has supported me your minds the conviction of this West derives from the East supplies and for the opportunities I have thence truth; as this is the point in your polit- requisite to its growth and comfort— enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable ical fortress against which the bat- and what is perhaps of still greater attachment by services faithful and teries of internal and external enemies consequence, it must of necessity owe persevering, though in usefulness un- will be most constantly and actively the secure enjoyment of indispensable equal to my zeal. If benefits have re- (though often covertly and insidiously) outlets for its own productions to the sulted to our country from these serv- directed, it is of infinite moment that weight, influence, and the future mari- ices, let it always be remembered to you should properly estimate the im- time strength of the Atlantic side of your praise and as an instructive exam- mense value of your national Union to the Union, directed by an indissoluble ple in our annals that, under cir- your collective and individual happi- community of interest as one nation. cumstances in which the passions agi- ness; that you should cherish a cordial, Any other tenure by which the West tated in every direction were liable to habitual, and immovable attachment can hold this essential advantage, mislead, amidst appearances some- to it; accustoming yourselves to think whether derived from its own separate times dubious, vicissitudes of fortune and speak of it as of the palladium of strength or from an apostate and un- often discouraging, in situations in your political safety and prosperity; natural connection with any foreign which not unfrequently want of success watching for its preservation with jeal- power, must be intrinsically precar- has countenanced the spirit of criti- ous anxiety; discountenancing what- ious. cism, the constancy of your support ever may suggest even a suspicion that While then every part of our country was the essential prop of the efforts it can in any event be abandoned; and thus feels an immediate and particular and a guarantee of the plans by which indignantly frowning upon the first interest in union, all the parts com- they were effected. Profoundly pene- dawning of every attempt to alienate bined cannot fail to find in the united trated with this idea, I shall carry it any portion of our country from the mass of means and efforts greater with me to my grave as a strong incite- rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties strength, greater resource, proportion- ment to unceasing vows that Heaven which now link together the various ably greater security from external may continue to you the choicest to- parts. danger, a less frequent interruption of kens of its beneficence; that your For this you have every inducement their peace by foreign nations; and, union and brotherly affection may be of sympathy and interest. Citizens by what is of inestimable value! they must perpetual; that the free constitution, birth or choice of a common country, derive from union an exemption from which is the work of your hands, may that country has a right to concentrate those broils and wars between them- be sacredly maintained; that its admin- your affections. The name of American, selves which so frequently afflict istration in every department may be which belongs to you in your national neighboring countries not tied together stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, capacity, must always exalt the just by the same government, which their in fine, the happiness of the people of pride of patriotism more than any ap- own rivalships alone would be suffi- these states, under the auspices of lib- pellation derived from local discrimi- cient to produce, but which opposite erty, may be made complete by so care- nations. With slight shades of dif- foreign alliances, attachments, and in- ful a preservation and so prudent a use ference, you have the same religion, trigues would stimulate and embitter. of this blessing as will acquire to them manners, habits, and political prin- Hence likewise they will avoid the ne- the glory of recommending it to the ap- ciples. You have in a common cause cessity of those overgrown military es- plause, the affection, and adoption of fought and triumphed together. The tablishments, which under any form of every nation which is yet a stranger to independence and liberty you possess government are inauspicious to liberty, it. are the work of joint councils and joint and which are to be regarded as par- Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a efforts—of common dangers, sufferings, ticularly hostile to republican liberty. solicitude for your welfare, which can- and successes. In this sense it is, that your Union not end but with my life, and the ap- But these considerations, however ought to be considered as a main prop prehension of danger natural to that powerfully they address themselves to of your liberty, and that the love of the solicitude, urge me on an occasion like your sensibility, are greatly out- one ought to endear to you the preser- the present to offer to your solemn weighed by those which apply more im- vation of the other. contemplation, and to recommend to mediately to your interest. Here every These considerations speak a persua- your frequent review, some sentiments portion of our country finds the most sive language to every reflecting and which are the result of much reflec- commanding motives for carefully virtuous mind and exhibit the continu- tion, of no inconsiderable observation, guarding and preserving the Union of ance of the Union as a primary object and which appear to me all important the whole. of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt to the permanency of your felicity as a The North, in an unrestrained inter- whether a common government can people. These will be offered to you course with the South, protected by embrace so large a sphere? Let experi- with the more freedom as you can only the equal laws of a common govern- ence solve it. To listen to mere specu- see in them the disinterested warnings ment, finds in the productions of the lation in such a case were criminal. We of a parting friend, who can possibly latter great additional resources of are authorized to hope that a proper have no personal motive to bias his maritime and commercial enterprise organization of the whole, with the counsel. Nor can I forget, as an encour- and precious materials of manufac- auxiliary agency of governments for agement to it, your indulgent recep- turing industry. The South in the same the respective subdivisions, will afford tion of my sentiments on a former and intercourse, benefitting by the agency a happy issue to the experiment. It is not dissimilar occasion. of the North, sees its agriculture grow well worth a fair and full experiment.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:37 Feb 22, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.001 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S891 With such powerful and obvious mo- spect for its authority, compliance much vigor as is consistent with the tives to union affecting all parts of our with its laws, acquiescence in its meas- perfect security of liberty is indispen- country, while experience shall not ures, are duties enjoined by the funda- sable; liberty itself will find in such a have demonstrated its imprac- mental maxims of true liberty. The government, with powers properly dis- ticability, there will always be reason basis of our political systems is the tributed and adjusted, its surest guard- to distrust the patriotism of those who right of the people to make and to ian. It is indeed little else than a name, in any quarter may endeavor to weak- alter their constitutions of govern- where the government is too feeble to en its bands. ment. But the Constitution which at withstand the enterprises of faction, to In contemplating the causes which any time exists, until changed by an confine each member of the society may disturb our Union, it occurs as explicit and authentic act of the whole within the limits prescribed by the matter of serious concern that any people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. laws, and to maintain all in the secure ground should have been furnished for The very idea of the power and the and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of characterizing parties by geographical right of the people to establish govern- person and property. discriminations—northern and south- ment presupposes the duty of every in- I have already intimated to you the ern—Atlantic and western; whence de- dividual to obey the established gov- danger of parties in the state, with par- signing men may endeavor to excite a ernment. ticular reference to the founding of belief that there is a real difference of All obstructions to the execution of them on geographical discriminations. local interests and views. One of the the laws, all combinations and associa- Let me now take a more comprehen- expedients of party to acquire influ- tions under whatever plausible char- sive view and warn you in the most sol- ence within particular districts is to acter with the real design to direct, emn manner against the baneful effects misrepresent the opinions and aims of control, counteract, or awe the regular of the spirit of party, generally. other districts. You cannot shield deliberation and action of the con- This spirit, unfortunately, is insepa- yourselves too much against the stituted authorities, are destructive of rable from our nature, having its root jealousies and heart burnings which this fundamental principle and of fatal in the strongest passions of the human spring from these misrepresentations. tendency. They serve to organize fac- mind. It exists under different shapes They tend to render alien to each other tion; to give it an artificial and ex- in all governments, more or less sti- those who ought to be bound together traordinary force; to put in the place of fled, controlled, or repressed; but in by fraternal affection. The inhabitants the delegated will of the nation the those of the popular form it is seen in of our western country have lately had will of a party, often a small but artful its greatest rankness and is truly their a useful lesson on this head. They have and enterprising minority of the com- worst enemy. seen in the negotiation by the execu- munity; and, according to the alter- The alternate domination of one fac- tive—and in the unanimous ratifica- nate triumphs of different parties, to tion over another, sharpened by the tion by the Senate—of the treaty with make the public administration the spirit of revenge natural to party dis- Spain, and in the universal satisfaction mirror of the ill concerted and incon- sension, which in different ages and at that event throughout the United gruous projects of faction, rather than countries has perpetrated the most States, a decisive proof how unfounded the organ of consistent and wholesome horrid enormities, is itself a frightful were the suspicions propagated among plans digested by common councils and despotism. But this leads at length to a them of a policy in the general govern- modified by mutual interests. However more formal and permanent despotism. ment and in the Atlantic states un- combinations or associations of the The disorders and miseries which re- friendly to their interests in regard to above description may now and then sult gradually incline the minds of men the Mississippi. They have been wit- answer popular ends, they are likely, in to seek security and repose in the abso- nesses to the formation of two treaties, the course of time and things, to be- lute power of an individual; and sooner that with Great Britain and that with come potent engines by which cunning, or later the chief of some prevailing Spain, which secure to them every- ambitious, and unprincipled men will faction, more able or more fortunate thing they could desire, in respect to be enabled to subvert the power of the than his competitors, turns this dis- our foreign relations, towards con- people and to usurp for themselves the position to the purposes of his own ele- firming their prosperity. Will it not be reins of government, destroying after- vation on the ruins of public liberty. their wisdom to rely for the preserva- wards the very engines which have lift- Without looking forward to an ex- tion of these advantages on the Union ed them to unjust dominion. tremity of this kind (which neverthe- by which they were procured? Will they Towards the preservation of your less ought not to be entirely out of not henceforth be deaf to those advis- government and the permanency of sight) the common and continual mis- ers, if such there are, who would sever your present happy state, it is req- chiefs of the spirit of party are suffi- them from their brethren and connect uisite not only that you steadily dis- cient to make it the interest and the them with aliens? countenance irregular oppositions to duty of a wise people to discourage and To the efficacy and permanency of its acknowledged authority but also restrain it. your Union, a government for the that you resist with care the spirit of It serves always to distract the pub- whole is indispensable. No alliances, innovation upon its principles, however lic councils and enfeeble the public ad- however strict, between the parts can specious the pretexts. One method of ministration. It agitates the commu- be an adequate substitute. They must assault may be to effect in the forms of nity with ill founded jealousies and inevitably experience the infractions the Constitution alterations which will false alarms, kindles the animosity of and interruptions which all alliances in impair the energy of the system and one part against another, foments oc- all times have experienced. Sensible of thus to undermine what cannot be di- casionally riot and insurrection. It this momentous truth, you have im- rectly overthrown. In all the changes opens the door to foreign influence and proved upon your first essay by the to which you may be invited, remem- corruption, which find a facilitated ac- adoption of a Constitution of govern- ber that time and habit are at least as cess to the government itself through ment better calculated than your necessary to fix the true character of the channels of party passions. Thus former for an intimate Union and for governments as of other human insti- the policy and the will of one country the efficacious management of your tutions, that experience is the surest are subjected to the policy and will of common concerns. This government, standard by which to test the real another. the offspring of our own choice tendency of the existing constitution There is an opinion that parties in uninfluenced and unawed, adopted of a country, that facility in changes free countries are useful checks upon upon full investigation and mature de- upon the credit of mere hypotheses and the administration of the government liberation, completely free in its prin- opinion exposes to perpetual change and serve to keep alive the spirit of lib- ciples, in the distribution of its powers from the endless variety of hypotheses erty. This within certain limits is prob- uniting security with energy, and con- and opinion; and remember, especially, ably true—and in governments of a mo- taining within itself a provision for its that for the efficient management of narchical cast patriotism may look own amendment, has a just claim to your common interests in a country so with indulgence, if not with favor, your confidence and your support. Re- extensive as ours, a government of as upon the spirit of party. But in those of

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And there being constant dan- a sincere friend to it can look with in- hatred, or an habitual fondness, is in ger of excess, the effort ought to be by difference upon attempts to shake the some degree a slave. It is a slave to its force of public opinion to mitigate and foundation of the fabric? animosity or to its affection, either of assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it Promote then, as an object of pri- which is sufficient to lead it astray demands a uniform vigilance to pre- mary importance, institutions for the from its duty and its interest. Antip- vent its bursting into a flame, lest in- general diffusion of knowledge. In pro- athy in one nation against another dis- stead of warming it should consume. portion as the structure of a govern- poses each more readily to offer insult It is important, likewise, that the ment gives force to public opinion, it is and injury, to lay hold of slight causes habits of thinking in a free country essential that public opinion should be of umbrage, and to be haughty and in- should inspire caution in those en- enlightened. tractable when accidental or trifling trusted with its administration to con- As a very important source of occasions of dispute occur. Hence fre- fine themselves within their respective strength and security, cherish public quent collisions, obstinate, envenomed, constitutional spheres, avoiding in the credit. One method of preserving it is and bloody contests. The nation, exercise of the powers of one depart- to use it as sparingly as possible, prompted by ill will and resentment, ment to encroach upon another. The avoiding occasions of expense by culti- sometimes impels to war the govern- spirit of encroachment tends to con- vating peace, but remembering also ment, contrary to the best calculations solidate the powers of all the depart- that timely disbursements to prepare of policy. The government sometimes ments in one and thus to create, what- for danger frequently prevent much participates in the national propensity ever the form of government, a real greater disbursements to repel it; and adopts through passion what rea- despotism. A just estimate of that love avoiding likewise the accumulation of son would reject; at other times, it of power and proneness to abuse it debt, not only by shunning occasions of makes the animosity of the nation sub- which predominates in the human expense, but by vigorous exertions in servient to projects of hostility insti- heart is sufficient to satisfy us of the time of peace to discharge the debts gated by pride, ambition and other sin- truth of this position. The necessity of which unavoidable wars may have oc- ister and pernicious motives. The peace reciprocal checks in the exercise of po- casioned, not ungenerously throwing litical power, by dividing and distrib- often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, upon posterity the burden which we uting it into different depositories and of nations has been the victim. ourselves ought to bear. The execution So likewise, a passionate attachment constituting each the guardian of the of these maxims belongs to your rep- of one nation for another produces a public weal against invasions by the others, has been evinced by experi- resentatives, but it is necessary that variety of evils. Sympathy for the fa- ments ancient and modern, some of public opinion should cooperate. To fa- vorite nation, facilitating the illusion them in our country and under our own cilitate to them the performance of of an imaginary common interest in eyes. To preserve them must be as nec- their duty, it is essential that you cases where no real common interest essary as to institute them. If in the should practically bear in mind that exists and infusing into one the enmi- opinion of the people the distribution towards the payment of debts there ties of the other, betrays the former or modification of the constitutional must be revenue; that to have revenue into a participation in the quarrels and powers be in any particular wrong, let there must be taxes; that no taxes can wars of the latter, without adequate in- it be corrected by an amendment in the be devised which are not more or less ducement or justification. It leads also way which the Constitution designates. inconvenient and unpleasant; that the to concessions to the favorite nation of But let there be no change by usurpa- intrinsic embarrassment inseparable privileges denied to others, which is tion; for though this, in one instance, from the selection of the proper objects apt doubly to injure the nation making may be the instrument of good, it is (which is always a choice of difficul- the concessions, by unnecessarily part- the customary weapon by which free ties) ought to be a decisive motive for ing with what ought to have been re- governments are destroyed. The prece- a candid construction of the conduct of tained and by exciting jealousy, ill dent must always greatly overbalance the government in making it, and for a will, and a disposition to retaliate in in permanent evil any partial or tran- spirit of acquiescence in the measures the parties from whom equal privileges sient benefit which the use can at any for obtaining revenue which the public are withheld. And it gives to ambi- time yield. exigencies may at any time dictate. tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens Of all the dispositions and habits Observe good faith and justice to- (who devote themselves to the favorite which lead to political prosperity, reli- wards all nations; cultivate peace and nation) facility to betray or sacrifice gion and morality are indispensable harmony with all; religion and moral- the interests of their own country supports. In vain would that man claim ity enjoin this conduct, and can it be without odium, sometimes even with the tribute of patriotism who should that good policy does not equally en- popularity, gilding with the appear- labor to subvert these great pillars of join it? It will be worthy of a free, en- ances of a virtuous sense of obligation, human happiness, these firmest props lightened, and, at no distant period, a a commendable deference for public of the duties of men and citizens. The great nation, to give to mankind the opinion, or a laudable zeal for public mere politician, equally with the pious magnanimous and too novel example of good, the base or foolish compliances man, ought to respect and to cherish a people always guided by an exalted of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. them. A volume could not trace all justice and benevolence. Who can doubt As avenues to foreign influence in in- their connections with private and pub- that in the course of time and things numerable ways, such attachments are lic felicity. Let it simply be asked the fruits of such a plan would richly particularly alarming to the truly en- where is the security for property, for repay any temporary advantages which lightened and independent patriot. How reputation, for life, if the sense of reli- might be lost by a steady adherence to many opportunities do they afford to gious obligation desert the oaths, it? Can it be, that Providence has not tamper with domestic factions, to prac- which are the instruments of investiga- connected the permanent felicity of a tice the arts of seduction, to mislead tion in courts of justice? And let us nation with its virtue? The experiment, public opinion, to influence or awe the with caution indulge the supposition at least, is recommended by every sen- public councils! Such an attachment of that morality can be maintained with- timent which ennobles human nature. a small or weak towards a great and out religion. Whatever may be con- Alas! is it rendered impossible by its powerful nation dooms the former to be ceded to the influence of refined edu- vices? the satellite of the latter. cation on minds of peculiar structure, In the execution of such a plan noth- Against the insidious wiles of foreign reason and experience both forbid us to ing is more essential than that perma- influence (I conjure you to believe me, expect that national morality can pre- nent, inveterate antipathies against fellow citizens) the jealousy of a free vail in exclusion of religious principle. particular nations and passionate at- people ought to be constantly awake,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:37 Feb 22, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.003 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S893 since history and experience prove that safely trust to temporary alliances for tain, I was well satisfied that our coun- foreign influence is one of the most extraordinary emergencies. try, under all the circumstances of the baneful foes of republican government. Harmony, liberal intercourse with all case, had a right to take—and was But that jealousy to be useful must be nations, are recommended by policy, bound in duty and interest to take—a impartial; else it becomes the instru- humanity, and interest. But even our neutral position. Having taken it, I de- ment of the very influence to be avoid- commercial policy should hold an termined, as far as should depend upon ed, instead of a defense against it. Ex- equal and impartial hand: neither seek- me, to maintain it with moderation, cessive partiality for one foreign na- ing nor granting exclusive favors or perseverence, and firmness. tion and excessive dislike of another preferences; consulting the natural The considerations which respect the cause those whom they actuate to see course of things; diffusing and diversi- right to hold this conduct it is not nec- danger only on one side, and serve to fying by gentle means the streams of essary on this occasion to detail. I will veil and even second the arts of influ- commerce but forcing nothing; estab- only observe that, according to my un- ence on the other. Real patriots, who lishing with powers so disposed—in derstanding of the matter, that right, may resist the intrigues of the favor- order to give to trade a stable course, so far from being denied by any of the ite, are liable to become suspected and to define the rights of our merchants, belligerent powers, has been virtually odious, while its tools and dupes usurp and to enable the government to sup- admitted by all. the applause and confidence of the peo- port them—conventional rules of inter- The duty of holding a neutral con- ple to surrender their interests. course, the best that present cir- duct may be inferred, without anything The great rule of conduct for us in re- cumstances and mutual opinion will more, from the obligation which jus- gard to foreign nations is, in extending permit, but temporary, and liable to be tice and humanity impose on every na- our commercial relations, to have with from time to time abandoned or varied, tion, in cases in which it is free to act, them as little political connection as as experience and circumstances shall to maintain inviolate the relations of possible. So far as we have already dictate; constantly keeping in view, peace and amity towards other nations. formed engagements, let them be ful- that it is folly in one nation to look for The inducements of interest for ob- filled with perfect good faith. Here let disinterested favors from another— serving that conduct will best be re- us stop. that it must pay with a portion of its ferred to your own reflections and ex- Europe has a set of primary inter- independence for whatever it may ac- perience. With me, a predominant mo- tive has been to endeavor to gain time ests, which to us have none or a very cept under that character—that by to our country to settle and mature its remote relation. Hence she must be en- such acceptance it may place itself in yet recent institutions and to progress gaged in frequent controversies, the the condition of having given equiva- without interruption to that degree of causes of which are essentially foreign lents for nominal favors and yet of strength and consistency which is nec- to our concerns. Hence therefore it being reproached with ingratitude for essary to give it, humanly speaking, must be unwise in us to implicate our- not giving more. There can be no great- the command of its own fortunes. selves, by artificial ties, in the ordi- er error than to expect or calculate Though in reviewing the incidents of nary vicissitudes of her politics or the upon real favors from nation to nation. my administration I am unconscious of ordinary combinations and collisions of It is an illusion which experience must intentional error, I am nevertheless her friendships or enmities. cure, which a just pride ought to dis- too sensible of my defects not to think Our detached and distant situation card. it probable that I may have committed invites and enables us to pursue a dif- In offering to you, my countrymen, many errors. Whatever they may be, I ferent course. If we remain one people these counsels of an old and affec- fervently beseech the Almighty to under an efficient government, the pe- tionate friend, I dare not hope they avert or mitigate the evils to which riod is not far off when we may defy will make the strong and lasting im- they may tend. I shall also carry with material injury from external annoy- pression I could wish—that they will me the hope that my country will ance; when we may take such an atti- control the usual current of the pas- never cease to view them with indul- tude as will cause the neutrality we sions or prevent our nation from run- gence and that, after forty-five years of may at any time resolve upon to be ning the course which has hitherto my life dedicated to its service with an scrupulously respected; when bellig- marked the destiny of nations. But if I upright zeal, the faults of incompetent erent nations, under the impossibility may even flatter myself that they may abilities will be consigned to oblivion, of making acquisitions upon us, will be productive of some partial benefit, as myself must soon be to the man- not lightly hazard the giving us provo- some occasional good, that they may sions of rest. cation; when we may choose peace or now and then recur to moderate the Relying on its kindness in this as in war, as our interest guided by justice fury of party spirit, to warn against other things, and actuated by that fer- shall counsel. the mischiefs of foreign intrigue, to vent love towards it which is so nat- Why forgo the advantages of so pecu- guard against the impostures of pre- ural to a man who views in it the na- liar a situation? Why quit our own to tended patriotism—this hope will be a tive soil of himself and his progenitors stand upon foreign ground? Why, by full recompense for the solicitude for for several generations, I anticipate interweaving our destiny with that of your welfare by which they have been with pleasing expectation that retreat, any part of Europe, entangle our peace dictated. in which I promise myself to realize and prosperity in the toils of European How far in the discharge of my offi- without alloy the sweet enjoyment of ambition, rival-ship, interest, humor, cial duties I have been guided by the partaking in the midst of my fellow or caprice? principles which have been delineated, citizens the benign influence of good It is our true policy to steer clear of the public records and other evidences laws under a free government—the ever permanent alliances with any portion of my conduct must witness to you and favorite object of my heart, and the of the foreign world—so far, I mean, as to the world. To myself, the assurance happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual we are now at liberty to do it, for let of my own conscience is that I have at cares, labors and dangers. me not be understood as capable of pa- least believed myself to be guided by GEO. WASHINGTON. tronizing infidelity to existing engage- them. UNITED STATES, 19th September 1796. ments (I hold the maxim no less appli- In relation to the still subsisting war Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, cable to public than to private affairs, in Europe, my proclamation of the 22d I suggest the absence of a quorum. that honesty is always the best pol- of April 1793 is the index to my plan. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The icy)—I repeat it therefore, let those en- Sanctioned by your approving voice clerk will call the roll. gagements be observed in their genuine and by that of your representatives in The legislative clerk proceeded to sense. But in my opinion it is unneces- both houses of Congress, the spirit of call the roll. sary and would be unwise to extend that measure has continually governed Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, them. me, uninfluenced by any attempts to I ask unanimous consent that the order Taking care always to keep our- deter or divert me from it. for the quorum call be rescinded. selves, by suitable establishments, on a After deliberate examination with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without respectably defensive posture, we may the aid of the best lights I could ob- objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.004 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY Scalia’s aim was to follow the Con- He was also careful not to confuse LEADER stitution wherever it took him, even if the philosophical with the personal. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- he disagreed politically with the out- I attack ideas. I don’t attack people. If you jority leader is recognized. come. We saw that when he voted to can’t separate the two, you gotta get an- uphold the constitutional right of pro- other day job. f testers to burn the American flag. He These qualities endeared him to MOMENT OF SILENCE IN MEMORY upheld their right to do that. This is many who thought very differently OF JUSTICE ANTONIN SCALIA what he said: ‘‘If it was up to me, I than he did—most famously, his philo- Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, would have thrown this bearded, scan- sophical opposite on the Court, Ruth I ask unanimous consent that the Sen- dal-wearing flag burner into jail, but it Bader Ginsburg. Their friendship began ate observe a moment of silence in was not up to me.’’ after Ginsburg heard him speak at a memory of Justice Antonin Scalia. It was up to the Constitution. law conference. Here is what she said: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘If you had to pick . . . one freedom ‘‘I disagreed with most of what he objection, it is so ordered. . . . that is the most essential to the said,’’ she recalled, ‘‘but I loved the (Moment of silence.) functioning of a democracy, it has to way he said it.’’ be freedom of speech,’’ Scalia once Scalia put it this way: f said. He went on: REMEMBERING JUSTICE ANTONIN She likes opera, and she’s a very nice per- Because democracy means persuading one son. What’s not to like? SCALIA another. And then, ultimately, voting. . . . You can’t run such a system if there is a Well, he continued, ‘‘except her views Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, muzzling of one point of view. So it’s a fun- on the law.’’ I wish to say a few words about a tow- damental freedom in a democracy, much Ginsburg called him Nino. Scalia re- ering figure of the Supreme Court who more necessary in a democracy than in any ferred to the pair as ‘‘the Odd Couple.’’ will be missed by many. Antonin Scalia other system of government. I guess you can They actually vacationed together. was literally one of a kind. In the eve- run an effective monarchy without freedom They rode elephants. They parasailed. nings, he loved nothing more than a of speech. I don’t think you can run an effec- And just a few months ago, their rela- tive democracy without it. night at the opera house. During the tionship was captured in the perfect day, he often starred in an opus of his Justice Scalia defended the First medium: opera, their shared love. own. Amendment rights of those who would ‘‘Scalia/Ginsburg: A (Gentle) Parody For most watchers of the Court, even express themselves by burning our flag of Operatic Proportions’’ premiered many of Scalia’s most ardent critics, just as he defended the First Amend- last summer. In it, a jurist named the work he produced was brilliant, en- ment rights of Americans who wished Scalia is imprisoned for ‘‘excessive dis- to express themselves by participating tertaining, and unmissable. Words had senting,’’ and it is none other than in the changemaking process of our de- meaning to him. He used them to dis- Ginsburg, or an actress faintly resem- mocracy: the right to speak one’s sect and refute, to amuse and beguile, bling her, who comes crashing through mind, the right to associate freely, the to challenge and persuade. And even the ceiling to save him. It is the kind rights of citizens, groups, and can- when his arguments didn’t carry the of show that is larger than life, and so didates to participate in the political day, his dissents often gathered the was Nino Scalia. process. most attention anyway. He leaves behind nine children and a President Obama said that Justice Numerous cases involving these kinds of essential First Amendment wife who loved him dearly, Maureen. Scalia will be ‘‘remembered as one of Maureen would sometimes tease her the most consequential judges and principles came before the Court dur- ing his tenure. I filed nearly a dozen husband that she had her pick of suit- thinkers to serve on the Supreme ors and could just as well have married Court.’’ I certainly agree. It is amazing amicus curiae briefs in related Su- preme Court cases in recent years, and any of them. But she didn’t, he would that someone who never served as remind her, because they were wishy- Chief Justice could make such an in- I was the lead plaintiff in a case that challenged the campaign-finance laws washy, and she would have been bored. delible impact on our country. He is, in ‘‘Whatever my faults are,’’ Scalia my view, in league with Oliver Wendell back in 2002. These core First Amendment free- once said, ‘‘I am not wishy-washy.’’ Holmes, Louis Brandeis, and John Mar- doms may not always be popular with Far from wishy-washy and anything shall Harlan as perhaps the most sig- some politicians who would rather con- but boring, Justice Scalia was an ar- nificant Associate Justices ever. ticulate champion of the Constitution. I first met him when we both served trol the amount, nature, and timing of speech that is critical of them, but He was a personality unto himself, and in the Ford administration’s Justice Scalia recognized that protecting the his passing is a significant loss for the Department. I was fortunate, as a citizenry from efforts by the govern- Court and for our country. We remem- young man, to be invited to staff meet- ment to control their speech about ber him today. We express our sym- ings that featured some of the most in- issues of public concern was the very pathies to the large and loving family fluential conservative judicial minds of purpose of the First Amendment. He he leaves behind. We know our country the time. Robert Bork was there. He knew that such speech—political will not soon forget him. was the Solicitor General. Larry Sil- speech—lay at its very core. f verman was there. He was the Deputy It is a constitutional outlook shared Attorney General. Everyone in the De- RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY by many, including the members of an LEADER partment agreed on two things: One, organization such as the Federalist So- Antonin Scalia was the funniest lawyer ciety. You could always count on him The PRESIDING OFFICER. The on the staff; and, two, he was the attending the Society’s annual dinner. Democratic leader is recognized. brightest. One of his five sons, Paul, is a priest, f Scalia was usually the smartest guy and he always gave an opening prayer. REMEMBERING JUSTICE ANTONIN in whatever room he chose to walk This is what Scalia said about that. into. Of course, he didn’t need to tell SCALIA AND FILLING THE SU- If in an old-fashioned Catholic family with PREME COURT VACANCY you he was the smartest. You just five sons you don’t get one priest out of it, knew it. we’re in big trouble. The other four were Mr. REID. Madam President, we were I came back to Washington a few very happy when Paul announced that he all shocked by the sudden passing of years later as a Senator on the Judici- was going to take one for the team. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. ary Committee, serving there when That is the thing about Antonin Justice Scalia and I had our dif- Scalia was nominated to the Supreme Scalia. His opinions could bite. His wit ferences. However, there was no doubt- Court. His views on the Court were could be cutting. But his good humor ing his intelligence or dedication to strong, and they were clear. Some tried was always in abundant supply. One the country. I offer my condolences to to caricature his judicial conservatism study from 2005 concluded decisively— the entire Scalia family, who laid to as something it was not. It was not po- or as decisively as one can—that Scalia rest a devoted husband, father, and litical conservatism. was the funniest Justice on the Court. grandfather this weekend.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:37 Feb 22, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.006 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S895 I watched the funeral from Nevada, elected officials in the future. They ex- time, the senior Senator from Iowa has and I was deeply impressed with Jus- pected us to be rational. They expected been on record defending the Presi- tice Scalia’s son, Reverend Paul Scalia, us to operate in good faith. They ex- dent’s right to put forward nominees and the moving eulogy he gave his fa- pected this government to be effective. during a Presidential election year. In ther. It was quite remarkable. The Republican leader’s proposal is 2008, in fact, Senator GRASSLEY said: But now President Obama must none of those things. It is, instead, an ‘‘The reality is that the Senate has nominate a qualified individual to the attempt to nullify what James Madi- never stopped confirming judicial Supreme Court. Once the President has son and the other constitutional archi- nominees during the last few months of sent a nominee to the Senate, it is our tects envisioned. a president’s term.’’ I will repeat that responsibility to act. The Founding Fathers never intended quote. ‘‘The reality is that the Senate Unfortunately, it appears that the the Senate to simply run out the clock has never stopped confirming judicial Republican leader and his colleagues on its constitutional duties, subverting nominees during the last few months of have no intension of filling this impor- the President’s authority and leaving a president’s term.’’ I agree with Sen- tant vacancy. The Republican leader the judiciary in limbo. The authors of ator GRASSLEY—or at least I agreed has repeatedly declared himself to be the Constitution never envisioned the with him. Frankly, now I am not sure ‘‘the proud guardian of gridlock.’’ That level of cynicism and bad-faith govern- where the senior Senator from Iowa is a quote. He has lived up to that mon- ance that we see exhibited by today’s stands. He issues a contradictory state- iker, and that is an understatement. Republican Party—a Republican Party ment, it seems, every day on this one In recent years, the Republican lead- that so loathes this President that it is issue. er and the Republican Senators have willing to render useless our govern- Another person who voted to confirm done everything possible to grind the ment’s system of checks and balances. Justice Kennedy in 1980 was a first- wheels of government to a halt. But Senate Republicans would have the term Senator from Kentucky, Senator now we are seeing something from the American people believe that is a long- MCCONNELL. In fact, for 40 years the Republican leader that is far worse held practice to deny the President the Republican leader was remarkably con- than his usual brand of obstruction. We right to fill a Supreme Court vacancy. sistent in asserting that the Senate has are seeing an unprecedented attempt to That is simply not true. I have heard a duty to consider the Supreme Court’s hold hostage an entire branch of gov- several of my Republican colleagues re- Presidential nominations. ernment. peat this line in public statements. It As a law student at the University of The damage already done to the leg- grieves me to say it, but the fact is, Kentucky, he wrote in 1970: islative branch has been written about. when Republicans repeat this state- Even though the Senate has at various The last 7 years, the Republicans have ment, they are clearly spreading a times made purely political decisions in its done everything they can to stop Presi- falsehood. It is not true. I have enor- consideration of Supreme Court nominees, dent Obama’s legislative ability to mous respect for my Republican certainly it could not be successfully argued move forward. As leader of this democ- friends, but repeatedly skirting the that it is an acceptable practice. racy, it is too bad that President truth is beneath the dignity of their of- If political matters were relevant to sen- Obama has had to put up with this ob- atorial consideration it might be suggested fice. that a constitutional amendment be intro- struction of everything dealing with According to Amy Howe, an expert duced giving to the Senate rather than the the legislature. on Supreme Court proceedings and edi- president the right to nominate Supreme The statement the Republican leader tor at the popular SCOTUSblog—the Court justices. issued less than an hour after Justice Supreme Court of the United States My friend the Republican leader car- Scalia’s death announcement argued blog—there is no such precedent. She ried that belief with him into public that starting now, any President writes: service. As a freshman Senator in 1986, should be denied the right to fill a Su- The historical record does not reveal any during a Senate Judiciary Committee preme Court vacancy in a Presidential instances since at least 1900 of the president hearing, he said: failing to nominate and/or the Senate failing election year. Under the Constitution, our duty is to pro- to confirm a nominee in a presidential elec- Think about that. This is a foolish vide advice and consent to judicial nomina- tion year because of the impending election. gambit, one to deny President Obama tions, not to substitute our judgment for his constitutional right to appoint There is not one shred of evidence in what are reasonable views for a judicial nominees to the Supreme Court. This the last 116 years to back the Repub- nominee to hold. is a full-blown effort to delegitimize licans’ claims. Democrats never Again, in 1990, the Senator from Ken- President Obama, the Presidency, and stopped a Republican Supreme Court tucky said: undermine our basic system of checks nominee from receiving a hearing and It is clear under our form of government and balances, which is integral to our ultimately getting a vote on confirma- that the advice and consent role of the Sen- Constitution. tion—never, never, never. ate in judicial nominations should not be po- I can find no limits on the Presi- Republicans want to talk about liticized. dent’s legal authority to nominate Su- precedent. Well, let’s talk about prece- In 2005, the Senator from Kentucky preme Court Justices during an elec- dent. As recently as 1988, which was reaffirmed his stance, stating: tion year in our Constitution. I can both an election year and the last year Our job is to react to that nomination in a find no mention of a 3-year Presidency of a Presidency, the Senate confirmed respectful and dignified way, and at the end in our Constitution. What I do find in Supreme Court nominees. That year, a of the process, to give that person an up-or- the Constitution is article II, section 2, Democratic Senate confirmed Presi- down vote as all nominees who have major- which clearly provides President dent Ronald Reagan’s nomination of ity support have gotten throughout the his- Obama with the legal obligation to Justice Anthony Kennedy in the final tory of the country. It’s not our job to deter- nominate Justices to the Supreme year of his administration. I voted to mine who ought to be picked. Court, contingent on the advice and confirm Justice Kennedy’s nomination, Finally, just 6 years ago, the Repub- consent of the Senate. as did my friend, the current chairman lican leader put it in the simplest This is how our system of govern- of the Judiciary Committee, Senator terms possible: ment has operated for more than 200 GRASSLEY. Americans expect politics to end at the years. This constitutional prerogative I think it is well that the Presiding courtroom door. is essential to the basic functioning of Officer today is the junior Senator These are just a few examples, but our coequal branches of government. from Iowa. I hope she will listen to there are pages of similar quotes from What the Republican leader is sug- what Senator GRASSLEY, the senior the Republican leader spanning four gesting runs contrary to two centuries Senator from Iowa, has said time and decades on this subject. Unfortunately, of precedent and is inconsistent with time again. Senator GRASSLEY had no he seems to no longer believe that poli- the Constitution. trouble supporting Justice Kennedy’s tics end at the courtroom door. The Our Founding Fathers constructed nomination then, notwithstanding the reason for the Republican leader’s this American democracy while main- fact that it occurred during President about-face is clear: He and his party taining certain assumptions of us as Reagan’s last year in office. Since that want to undermine this President,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:37 Feb 22, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.007 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 Barack Obama. Senate Republicans in a period of morning business until Today I would like to address a com- would upend our Nation’s system of 5:30 p.m., with Senators permitted to mon misconception about Justice checks and balances rather than afford speak therein for up to 10 minutes Scalia, one that couldn’t be further President Obama the same constitu- each. from the truth. Some press stories tional authority his 43 predecessors en- The Senator from Iowa. have made the astounding claim that joyed. Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, Justice Scalia interpreted individual Throughout the news today, it is said it is my understanding that I can have liberties narrowly. This is absolutely by all the Republican think tanks—or 40 minutes at this point, and if I don’t untrue. a lot of them—that it is more impor- have that time, I ask unanimous con- It’s important to show how many tant for the Republicans to make sure sent for that time. times Justice Scalia was part of a 5-to- Obama does not get a Supreme Court The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 4 majority that upheld or even ex- nominee on the floor of the Senate objection, it is so ordered. panded individual rights. than it is for them to maintain the ma- f If someone other than Justice Scalia jority in the Senate. Think about that. had served on the Court, individual lib- That is not what I am saying; that is REMEMBERING JUSTICE ANTONIN erty would have paid the price. what they are saying. SCALIA The first time Justice Scalia played, A few minutes ago, the junior Sen- Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, I such a pivotal role for liberty was in a ator from Delaware was here on the rise today to pay tribute to Associate Takings clause case under the Fifth Senate floor reading George Washing- Justice Scalia of the Supreme Court. Amendment. He ruled that when a ton’s Farewell Address. He did a re- His recent death is a tremendous loss State imposes a condition on a land use markable job. This man, who was the to the Court and the Nation. permit, the government must show a national debate champion twice, did a He was a defender of the Constitu- close connection between the impact of very good job. tion. Since his death, a wide range of the construction and the permit condi- In his address, President Washington commentators—even many who dis- tion. warned of the partisan party politics agreed with him on judicial philos- Even though I disagreed, he ruled that Republicans are now employing. ophy—have hailed him as one of the that the First Amendment’s Free He warned of their negative influence greatest Supreme Court Justices in our Speech clause prohibits the States or on our government. He said: history. Justice Scalia was a tireless the Federal Government from crim- All obstructions to the execution of the defender of constitutional freedom. In inalizing burning of the flag. laws, all combinations and associations, Congress cannot, he concluded, claim under whatever plausible character, with the so many cases when the Court was di- vided, he sided with litigants who power under the Commerce clause to real design to direct, control, counteract or criminalize an individual’s ownership awe the regular deliberation and action of raised claims under the Bill of Rights. of a firearm in a gun-free school zone. the constituted authorities, are destructive This was a manifestation of his view Justice Scalia was part of a five- of this fundamental principle, and of fatal that the Constitution should be inter- member majority that held that under tendency. They serve to organize faction, to preted according to the text and as it give it an artificial and extraordinary force; the Free Speech clause, a public uni- to put, in the place of the delegated will of was originally understood. versity cannot refuse to allocate a The Framers believed that the Con- the nation, the will of a party. share of student activity funds to reli- The American people are watching. stitution was adopted to protect indi- gious publications when it provides They are watching the Republicans’ ob- vidual liberty, and, of course, so did funds to secular publications. struction on this issue and the direct Justice Scalia. He was a strong be- He found the Tenth Amendment pro- contravention of the belief of President liever in free speech and freedom of re- hibits Congress from commandeering George Washington. The vast majority ligion. He upheld many claims of con- State and local officials to enforce Fed- of Americans are wondering how Re- stitutional rights by criminal defend- eral laws. publicans can say the Senate is back to ants, including search and seizure, jury The Court, in a 5-to-4 ruling includ- work—we hear that all the time from trials, and the right of the accused to ing Justice Scalia, concluded that it my friend the Republican leader—while confront the witnesses against them. didn’t violate the First Amendment’s at the same time denying a vote on a Justice Scalia’s memorable opinions Establishment of Religion clause for nominee who hasn’t even been named also recognize the importance the public school teachers to teach secular yet. Framers placed on the Constitution’s subjects in parochial schools, as long I say to my friends across the aisle: checks and balances to safeguard indi- as there is no excessive entanglement For the good of the country, don’t do vidual liberty. Their preferred protec- between the State and the religious in- this. tion of freedom was not through litiga- stitution. I hope my Republican colleagues will tion and the Court’s imperfect after- Justice Scalia believed that the heed the counsel offered by the senior the-fact redress for liberty deprived. Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial Senator from Iowa and chairman of the Justice Scalia zealously protected requires certain sentencing factors be Judiciary Committee, CHARLES GRASS- the prerogatives of each branch of gov- charged in the indictment and sub- LEY, just a few short years ago when he ernment and the division of powers be- mitted to a jury for it to decide, rather said: tween Federal and State authorities so than a judge. A Supreme Court nomination isn’t the that none would be so strong as to pose He concluded with four other Jus- forum to fight any election. It is the time to a danger to freedom. tices that the First Amendment’s free- perform one of our most important Constitu- We are all saddened by the recent dom of association allowed the Boy tional duties and decide if a nominee is death of Supreme Court Justice qualified to serve on the nation’s highest Scouts to exclude from its membership court. Antonin Scalia. I extend my sym- individuals who’d affect the ability of Elections come and go, but the cen- pathies to his family. His death is a the group to advocate public or private terpiece for our democracy, the U.S. great loss to the Nation. views. Constitution, should forever remain This is true for so many reasons. Jus- Showing that original intent can’t be our foundation. tice Scalia changed legal discourse in lampooned for failing to take techno- I say to my Senate Republican col- this country. He focused legal argu- logical changes into account, Justice leagues: Do not manipulate our nearly ment on text and original under- Scalia wrote the Court’s majority opin- perfect form of government in an effort standing, rather than a judge’s own ion holding that under the Fourth to appease a radical minority. views of changing times. He was a clear Amendment, police can’t use thermal Madam President, will the Chair an- thinker. His judicial opinions and other imaging technology or other tech- nounce the business of the day. writings were insightful, witty, and un- nology not otherwise available to the f mistakably his own. general public for surveillance of a per- Even those who disagreed with him son’s house, even without physical MORNING BUSINESS have acknowledged he was one of the entry, without a warrant. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under greatest Justices ever to serve on the He decided that notwithstanding the the previous order, the Senate will be Supreme Court. Establishment clause, a broad class of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.011 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S897 low-income parents may receive public And then there were other decisions ing so frequently in favor of constitu- school vouchers to defray the costs of where Justice Scalia voted to accept tional liberties. He reached conclusions their children’s attendance at private the claim of individual liberty, but a supported by law whether they were schools of their choice, including reli- majority of the Court didn’t. Some of popular or not, and often whether he gious schools. those cases unquestionably should’ve agreed with them or not. He voted to strike down as a viola- come out the other way. He opposed flag burning. And he tion of the Sixth Amendment’s right to When considering Justice Scalia’s didn’t want to prevent the police from a jury trial Federal and State sen- contribution to individual liberty, it’s arresting dangerous criminals or make tencing guidelines that permit judges vital to consider his great insight that trials even more complicated and cum- rather than juries to determine the the Bill of Rights are not the most im- bersome. facts permitting a sentence to be portant part of the Constitution in pro- He acted in the highest traditions of lengthened beyond what is otherwise tecting freedom. the Constitution and our judiciary. permissible. For him, as for the Framers of the We all owe him a debt of gratitude. Justice Scalia found placing the Ten Constitution, it is the structural provi- And we all should give serious thought Commandments on the Texas State sions of the Constitution, the checks to the kind of judging that, like his, is House grounds doesn’t violate the First and balances and the separation of necessary to preserve our freedoms and Amendment’s Establishment clause powers that are most protective of lib- our constitutional order. when the monument was considered in erty. f context, and conveyed a historical and These were made part of the Con- FILLING THE SUPREME COURT social message rather than a religious stitution not as ends unto themselves, VACANCY one. or as the basis to bring lawsuits after He was part of a 5-to-4 Court that rights were threatened, but as ways to Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, concluded the denial of a criminal de- prevent government from encroaching we find ourselves in a very unusual sit- fendant’s Sixth Amendment right to on individual freedom in the first uation. We are in a Presidential elec- his counsel of choice, not only denial of place. tion year. The campaign for our next counsel generally, automatically re- For instance, Justice Scalia pro- Commander in Chief is in full swing. quires reversal of his conviction. tected the vertical separation of pow- Voting has begun. Some candidates for He wrote for a 5- to-4 majority that ers that is federalism. Federalism President have dropped out of the race the Second Amendment protects an in- keeps decisions closer to the people but after disappointing finishes in the pri- dividual’s right to possess a firearm for also ensures we have a unified nation. maries. Republicans hold the gavel in traditionally lawful purposes, such as And it prevents a Federal govern- the U.S. Senate, and a term-limited self-defense within the home, in Fed- ment from overstepping its bounds in Democrat in the twilight of his Presi- eral enclaves such as Washington, DC. ways that threaten freedom. dency occupies the White House. It is A later 5-to-4 decision applies this indi- He also maintained the horizontal within this context that our Nation has vidual Second Amendment right separation of powers through strong lost one of the greatest legal minds against State interference as well. support of the checks and balances in ever to serve the Court. According to Justice Scalia and four the Constitution. He defended the Justice Scalia’s death marks the first other Justices, a warrantless search of power of Congress against Executive time a sitting Supreme Court Justice an automobile of a person who has been encroachment, such as in the recess ap- passed away in a Presidential election put under arrest is permissible under pointments case. year in 100 years, and it is the first the Fourth Amendment only if there is Justice Scalia protected the judici- time a sitting Supreme Court Justice a continuing threat to officer safety, or ary against legislative infringement of passed away in a Presidential election there is a need to preserve evidence. its powers. He defended the Executive year during a divided government since Justice Scalia also voted that it is a against legislative usurpation as well. 1888. violation of the Sixth Amendment The best example, and the one that As my colleagues and I grapple with right of the accused to confront the most directly shows the connection be- how the Senate Judiciary Committee witnesses against him for the prosecu- tween the separation of powers and in- should approach this set of cir- tion to use a drug test report without dividual freedom, was his solo dissent cumstances, we seek guidance and wis- the live testimony of the particular to the Court’s upholding of the Inde- dom from a number of sources. These person who performed the test. pendent Counsel Act. include history, practice, and common He was part of a 5-to-4 majority that Contrary to the overwhelming views sense, and, yes, we look to what former found that the First Amendment re- of the public, the media, and politi- committee chairmen have had to say quires that corporations, including cians at the time, Justice Scalia cor- on the subject. In reviewing this his- nonprofit corporations such as the Si- rectly viewed that statute not as a wolf tory, I am reminded of remarks a erra Club and the National Rifle Asso- in sheep’s clothing, but as an actual former chairman delivered during an ciation, are free to make unlimited wolf. election year. That former chairman independent campaign expenditures. Dismissively rejected in 1988 by near- tackled this knotty problem, and he And under the Free Exercise of Reli- ly all observers, his dissent understood described what should happen if a Su- gion clause, according to Justice that the creation of a prosecutor for preme Court vacancy arises during a Scalia and four other Justices, a close- the sole purpose of investigating indi- Presidential election year. In fact, this ly held corporation is exempt from a viduals rather than crimes not only chairman’s guidance is particularly in- law that its owners religiously object was a threat to the Executive’s power structive because he delivered his re- to, such as ObamaCare’s contraception to prosecute, but was destined to marks in a Presidential election year mandate, if there is a less restrictive produce unfair prosecutions. during a time of divided government. way to advance the law’s interests. It’s now viewed as one of the most in- The Presidential election year was Think about the liberty lost, had sightful, well-reasoned, farsighted, and 1992. We had no Supreme Court va- Justice Scalia not served our Nation. greatest dissents in the Court’s his- cancy. No Justice had passed away un- A different Justice might have ruled tory. But his powerful and true argu- expectedly. No Justice had announced against individual liberty in each of ments didn’t convince a single col- his or her intention to retire. Rather, these cases. It is a frightening pros- league to join him. it was the fear of an unexpected res- pect. But in each instance, that is what As important as his 5-to-4 rulings ignation that drove this former chair- four of Justice Scalia’s colleagues were, in so many ways, the difference man to the Senate floor 1 day before would have done. between having Justice Scalia on the the end of the Court’s term. Of course, these are only the 5-to-4 Court and not having him there, was Near the beginning of his lengthy re- opinions. There were many others what that meant for rigorous analysis marks, this chairman—who was and re- where Justice Scalia ruled in favor of of the law. mains my friend—noted another speech constitutional liberty, and more than Justice Scalia’s role as a textualist he delivered several years prior on the four other Justices joined him. and an originalist was vital to his vot- advice and consent clause. That speech,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.006 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 from July 1987, was titled ‘‘The Right Overall, while only one in four Supreme But won’t that impact the Court? and Duty of the Senate to Protect the Court nominations has been the subject of Can it function with eight members for Integrity of the Supreme Court.’’ This significant opposition, the figure rises to one some time? Won’t it create ‘‘crisis’’? chairman delivered those remarks in out of two when such nominations are acted Not remotely. My friend considered on in a presidential election year. 1987 as the Senate embarked on one of this issue as well and appropriately dis- its saddest episodes: the unfair and This former chairman then outlined missed it: some additional history of Supreme ugly treatment of an exceptional ju- Others may fret that this approach will rist, Judge Robert Bork. Court nominations in Presidential leave the Court with only eight members for I don’t reference that episode to open election years. He emphasized that in some time. But as I see it, Mr. President, the old wounds, only to provide context be- four vacancies that arose during a cost[s] of such a result, the need to re-argue cause it was in that speech during the Presidential election year, the Presi- three or four cases that will divide the Jus- debate that this former chairman de- dent exercised restraint and withheld tices four to four, are quite minor compared fended the Senate’s constitutional role from making a nomination until after to the cost that a nominee, the President, in the appointment process. It was the election. One of those Presidents the Senate, and the Nation would have to was Abraham Lincoln. pay for what assuredly would be a bitter there in that speech during that debate fight, no matter how good a person is nomi- in 1987 that this former chairman Ironically, like President Obama, our nated by the President, if that nomination reached back to an early debate from 16th President was a lawyer and called were to take place in the next several weeks. Illinois home. But unlike our current an especially warm summer in Phila- ‘‘In the next several weeks’’ refers to President, Abraham Lincoln didn’t feel delphia 200 years prior. He reached sometime between June and November compelled to submit a nomination be- back to the Constitutional Convention of 1992. fore the people had spoken in Novem- because it was then and there that in- I want to read this part again: dividuals such as Rutledge of South ber of 1864. Eventually, my friend got to the Others may fret that this approach will Carolina, Wilson of Pennsylvania, leave the Court with only eight members for Gohram of Massachusetts, and, of heart of the matter during election some time. But . . . the cost[s] of such a re- course, the father of the Constitution, year 1992: sult . . . are quite minor compared to the Madison of Virginia, debated how our Should a justice resign this summer and cost that a nominee, the President, the Sen- young Nation’s judges were going to be the President move to name a successor, ac- ate, and the Nation would have to pay for appointed. It was his examination of tions that will occur just days before the what assuredly would be a bitter fight, no the debate in 1787 that led this former Democratic Convention and weeks before the matter how good a person is nominated by chairman to declare 200 years later, Republican Convention meets, a process that the President. is already in doubt in the minds of many will That is very well said. This former nearly to the day: become distrusted by all. Senate consider- Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution ation of a nominee under these cir- chairman is eloquent, where I happen clearly states that the president ‘‘shall cumstances is not fair to the president, to to be very plainspoken. I would put it nominate, and by and with the advice and the nominee, and to the Senate itself. this way: It is the principle that mat- consent of the Senate, shall appoint . . . My friend went on to say: ters, not the person. judges of the Supreme Court.’’ I will argue My friend concluded this section of that the framers intended the Senate to take It is my view that if a Supreme Court jus- the broadest view of its constitutional re- tice resigns tomorrow, or within the next his remarks this way: sponsibility. I will argue that the Senate his- several weeks, or resigns at the end of the In the end, this may be the only course of torically has taken such a view. summer, President Bush should consider fol- action that historical practice and practical lowing the practice of a majority of his pred- That discussion on the advice and realism can sustain. ecessors and not name a nominee until after I think probably everybody kind of consent clause transpired in 1987, but, the November election is completed. as I said, it was during a Presidential knows these are the Biden rules. And what is the Senate to do if a election year in 1992 that my friend, The Biden rules recognize that ‘‘the President ignores history, ignores good this former chairman, took to this very framers intended the Senate to take sense, ignores the people, and submits floor. Why did he begin his remarks in the broadest view of its constitutional a nominee under these circumstances? 1992 by reference to an earlier speech responsibility.’’ Here again my good friend, the former on the advice and consent clause? I will The Biden rules recognize the wisdom chairman, had an answer: say it wasn’t only because Senators of those Presidents—including another sometimes like to quote the wise words It is my view that if the President goes the lawyer and former State lawmaker way of Presidents Fillmore and Johnson and they once spoke. My friend referenced from Illinois—who exercised restraint presses an election-year nomination, the by not submitting a Supreme Court his own remarks on the advice and con- Senate Judiciary Committee should seri- sent clause because he wanted to re- ously consider not scheduling confirmation nomination before the people had spo- mind his colleagues in this Senate of hearings on the nomination until after the ken. this Senate’s constitutional authority political campaign season is over. The Biden rules recognize that the to provide or withhold consent as cir- Well, what of the likely criticisms Court can operate smoothly with eight cumstances might require. And he that will be lobbed at the Judiciary members for some time, and ‘‘the cost wanted to remind his colleagues of the Committee and at the entire Senate if of such a result, the need to re-argue Senate’s constitutional authority be- they were to choose this path of not three or four cases that will divide the fore he addressed the real reason he holding a hearing? Justices four to four, are quite minor rose to speak in 1992: the prospect of a My friend, the former chairman, con- compared to the cost that a nominee, Supreme Court vacancy in a Presi- tinued: the President, the Senate, and the Na- dential election year. I am sure, Mr. President, having uttered tion would have to pay for what as- After discussing confirmation de- these words, some will criticize such a deci- suredly would be a bitter fight.’’ bates that had not occurred in Presi- sion and say it was nothing more than an at- The Biden rules recognize that under dential election years, my friend tempt to save the seat on the Court in the these circumstances, ‘‘[the President] turned to some of those who had: hopes that a Democrat will be permitted to should consider following the practice Some of our nation’s most bitter and heat- fill it, but that would not be our intention, of a majority of his predecessors and ed confirmation fights have come in presi- Mr. President, if that were the course to not name a nominee until after the No- dential election years. The bruising con- choose in the Senate, to not consider holding vember election is completed.’’ The hearings until after the election. firmation fight over Roger Taney’s nomina- President he is referring to there is tion in 1836; the Senate’s refusal to confirm Continuing to quote: President George H.W. Bush. four nominations by President Tyler in 1844; Instead, it would be our pragmatic conclu- The Biden rules recognize that under the single vote rejections of nominees Badg- sion that once the political season is under er and Black by lameduck Presidents Fill- these circumstances, ‘‘[it does not] way . . . action on a Supreme Court nomina- matter how good a person is nominated more and Buchanan, in the mid-19th century; tion must be put off until after the election and the narrow approval of Justices Lamar campaign is over. That is what is fair to the by the President.’’ and Fuller in 1888 are just some examples of nominee and is central to the process. Other- The Biden rules recognize that ‘‘once these fights in the 19th century. wise, it seems to me, Mr. President, we will the political season is under way . . . This former chairman continued: be in deep trouble as an institution. action on a Supreme Court nomination

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.014 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S899 must be put off until after the election the prescription opioid epidemic seri- sold in this country are safe. The agen- campaign is over. That is what is fair ously. cy has oversight of one-quarter of all to the nominee and is central to the To try and push the FDA in the right consumer goods sold in the United process.’’ direction, I contacted the agency in States, including nearly $1 trillion in The Biden rules recognize that ‘‘Sen- both 2012 and 2013 to warn of the prob- foods, drugs, medical devices, cos- ate consideration of a nominee under lems with allowing generic, crushable metics, and supplements. The Commis- these circumstances is not fair to the opioids to be made available without sioner must supervise this critical President, to the nominee, or to the the introduction of abuse-deterrent work with independence from outside Senate itself.’’ features. As a result, the FDA an- influence. Some Senators have raised The Biden rules recognize that under nounced in April 2013 that it had de- concerns about Dr. Califf’s record as a these circumstances, ‘‘the Senate Judi- cided to prohibit a generic version of a researcher who worked closely with ciary Committee should seriously con- certain opioid that lacked abuse-deter- drug companies and have questioned sider not scheduling confirmation hear- rent features. his ability to make decisions free from ings on the nomination until after the I also cosponsored a measure in the the influence of the multibillion dollar political campaign season is over.’’ last Congress that aimed to push the pharmaceutical industry. After speak- Vice President BIDEN is a friend, as I FDA to encourage the development and ing with Dr. Califf and reviewing his said three or four times during my re- use of abuse-deterrent formulations of record, I believe that he will conduct marks, and I say it with the utmost prescription opioids, which make them himself with integrity and in the best sincerity. I served with him in this harder to crush and abuse. interest of the public. body and on the Judiciary Committee Additionally, I joined more than 20 While the head of the FDA must be for nearly 30 years. He is honorable, he Senate and House Members last Octo- an independent voice, we should not is sincere, and he is loyal to the Presi- ber in a letter to OMB’s Administrator discount the benefits having a Senate- of Information and Regulatory Affairs, dent he now serves. Because I know confirmed Commissioner who under- Howard Shelanski. We urged him to these things about him, I can say with stands the importance of medical re- help us tackle the prescription-drug confidence that he will enthusiasti- search and the potential to advance abuse epidemic by taking down bar- cally support the President and any lifesaving treatments. Under Dr. riers in the Medicaid repayment sys- nominee he submits to the Senate, but Califf’s leadership, the Duke Clinical tem that actually discourage manufac- I also know this about Vice President Research Institute made advances in turers from developing the very same BIDEN: He may serve as Vice President, drugs that dissolve blood clots, cut the abuse-deterrent formulations that I but he remains a U.S. Senator. That is risk of heart attacks and strokes, and have been pushing the FDA to encour- why when he rose to speak in this Sen- lower cholesterol. As director of the age. Duke Translational Medicine Institute, ate Chamber for the last time, he I recently met with Dr. Robert Califf, shared this with his colleagues: Dr. Califf worked closely with the Na- the FDA Commissioner nominee we tional Institutes of Health, the FDA, I may be resigning from the Senate today, will consider this evening. We had a but I will always be a Senate man. Except and the Institute of Medicine to help productive meeting in which I ex- ensure scientific discoveries are trans- for the title of ‘‘father,’’ there is no title, in- pressed my concerns about the agen- cluding ‘‘Vice President,’’ that I am more lated into usable treatments. I believe cy’s past insensitivity to the opioid cri- proud to wear than that of United States that Dr. Califf’s understanding of the sis, along with my desire to see the Senator. importance of research in promoting FDA play a more prominent role in ad- If the President of the United States lifesaving treatments and his ability to dressing this prescription-opioid epi- insists on submitting a nominee under navigate potential conflicts that can demic. these circumstances, Senator BIDEN, Dr. Califf shared his proposed plan to arise with drug-industry funded re- my friend from Delaware, the man who reassess the agency’s approach to ap- search will be an asset to him as the sat at a desk across the aisle and at the proving and regulating prescription leader of the FDA. Dr. Califf and I also discussed other back of this Chamber for more than 35 painkillers. Dr. Califf also acknowl- issues of importance before the FDA, years, knows what the Senate should edged that a cultural shift will be need- including the labeling of generic drugs. do, and I believe in his heart of hearts ed within the FDA if the potential for he understands why this Senate must addiction and abuse of prescription For several years, I have led a group of do what he said it must do in 1992. opioids is to be taken more seriously. nearly 40 Democrats in Congress in I yield the floor and give back the re- He assured me that, as head of this im- pressing the FDA to require generic mainder of my time. portant agency, he would be the kind drug manufacturers to update their f of leader our country needs when it safety labeling, instead of simply mir- roring the brand companies’ warnings, NOMINATION OF ROBERT CALIFF comes to confronting this growing epi- demic. as they do now. Generics fill over 80 Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I believe Dr. Califf understands the percent of prescriptions, but injured drug overdose deaths, driven largely by dire nature of the opioid epidemic, and patients have no remedy against them prescription painkillers, continue to accordingly, I believe he is today the if their product is mislabeled. Patients outpace the number of fatalities from right person to lead the FDA in a new who are injured by a brand-name drug traffic accidents in Kentucky. While I direction. That said, confirming Dr. can seek justice, but they have no rem- recognize the need to protect legiti- Califf will be just the beginning of a edy if, like countless Americans, the mate patient access to prescription much longer and enduring effort on ev- drug that injures them is a generic. All painkillers, the FDA must do more to eryone’s part; he and the FDA should drug manufacturers should be required help us fight back in the midst of to- expect continued rigorous oversight in to improve the warning information day’s prescription-opioid epidemic. the way the agency deals with prescrip- they give to doctors and consumers. The FDA plays a leading role in ad- tion opioids moving forward. Americans have waited 3 years for the dressing this epidemic through its drug Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, today the FDA to finalize their rule regarding approval process, in which it is re- Senate will consider the nomination of the labeling of generics, and I intend to quired by Federal law to ensure the Dr. Robert Califf to head the Food and continue to urge the FDA, and Dr. safety and effectiveness of all drugs. Drug Administration. For too long, the Califf if he is confirmed, to move for- However, the FDA has been rightly FDA has been without a Senate-con- ward on this critical issue. criticized for not recognizing the sever- firmed commissioner, and, given the The next Commissioner of the FDA ity of this significant problem and for scope and reach of the agency, action must also work to promote safer alter- not taking greater action to address it. on Dr. Califf’s nomination is welcomed. natives to powerful prescription pain- Over the years, I have heard from After speaking with him and carefully killers and to remove from the market many Kentuckians concerned about reviewing his record, I have decided to older, less safe drugs. Dr. Califf and I FDA’s lax attitude in this area, with support this nomination. discussed the FDA’s recent announce- many of the belief that the agency sim- Consumers depend on the FDA to en- ment to expand access to abuse-deter- ply has not taken its role in fighting sure that food, medicine, and products rent formulations of these powerful

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.015 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 drugs to help address the opioid epi- with Dr. Califf on the many pressing What is the evidence that will cause demic in this country. While it is a issues before the FDA. big problems? Well, back in 2012 the step in the right direction, the FDA The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- FDA had to consider Zohydro. Zohydro can and must do more. I appreciate Dr. ator from Massachusetts. was a new prescription pain opioid. Califf’s commitment to redouble the Mr. MARKEY. Madam President, They empaneled a group of advisers— agency’s efforts in combatting this today we are about to begin consider- experts—to look at the drug. By 11 to 2, issue, while working closely with other ation of the nomination of Dr. Robert the expert advisory panel said: No, do governmental agencies that can over- Califf to lead the Food and Drug Ad- not approve this new drug, unless we see the prescribing of these drugs. I ex- ministration. This is a historic time at establish a whole new system or stand- pect to work closely with the agency that agency. It has a record which is ard in America for addiction, abuse, for on this issue and will continue to press not enviable in terms of the way in diversion of these drugs. Don’t do it. Dr. Califf to take action in this area. which it has been dealing with the The FDA ignored the advisory panel I hope that the FDA will also recog- opioid prescription drug epidemic in and approved Zohydro, with experts all nize the significant concerns that I and our country. across America attacking the FDA for others in Vermont and other maple I want to give just a very brief his- not understanding how fundamentally producing States have for the harm tory of what has been happening on the culture in our country had changed being done to maple sugar producers’ that issue. About 20 years ago, the FDA since 1996 with the first approval of income as a result of potentially false was asked to approve OxyContin— OxyContin. and misleading labeling of products which is just a shortened form of Moving forward, the FDA decided it that contain neither maple syrup nor oxycodone—continuously going into would not empanel expert advisory real maple flavor. I recently meet with the bloodstreams of Americans. Purdue panels at all because they knew most sugarmakers in Vermont who are ask- Pharma represented that this would be likely they would vote no. So on new ing for a strong and thorough inves- a safer way of having prescription drugs such as Hysingla or Targiniq, tigation into possibly opioids go into the American medical there were no advisory panels at all be- misrepresentative labeling of food system. Nothing could have been fur- cause it was said by those companies products whose labels incorrectly indi- ther from the truth because that there are abuse deterrents that cate the presence of maple syrup and oxycodone—the material inside of are inside those new opioids. request appropriate enforcement ac- OxyContin—is molecularly very simi- What does that mean? Abuse deter- tion where warranted. The tradition of lar to heroin. rent is basically going to the issue of sugaring is significant not only to our So when one has a bottle of whether that new pill—that new drug— cultural heritage in Vermont and OxyContin or oxycodone continuously can be crushed to be used for purposes throughout New England, but to our ef- in your cabinet—30 pills, 60 pills or other than what is intended, which is to be a painkiller. However, if the indi- forts to strengthen the working land- more—you are talking about having a vidual just continues to take the pills scape and local agriculture in rural bottle in your medicine cabinet that is in the bottle as they are prescribed and parts of our States. very close to being heroin. Now if Vermont’s cheese industry, particu- someone said to you that your child or they do it on a continuous basis, they larly raw milk cheese producers, have family member is now taking some- run a high risk of becoming addicted. The warning went out from all of also raised concerns about FDA over- thing that is very close to heroin, that these outside groups that expert advi- reach. While I fully support the FDA’s would have a profound impact on you— sory panels were needed. The FDA ig- efforts to ensure the safety of our Na- but that is never quite explained to the nored them. Then we hit August of tions’ food supply, I believe that stand- American public. That is something 2015. Believe it or not, Purdue Pharma ards set by the FDA must be scientif- that was not understood at the time wanted to get approval for 11- to 16- because Purdue Pharmaceutical com- ically based and must address a known year-olds to have OxyContin. Remem- pany was representing that it was safe threat to public health. There have ber, this is heroin equivalent. This to take OxyContin. It turned out that been some positive steps forward, and would go to 11- to 16-year-olds. What was not the case. the FDA has recently met with these they decided to do was to not have any Today we have an epidemic in the producers, agreeing to hand over the advisory panel at all on that issue in United States. More than 30,000 people FDA’s data on the standards they had August of 2015. This is despite the fact in 2014 died from this prescription drug set. I hope that progress continues, and that it was controversial, that it had heroin epidemic which is ravaging our I look forward to hearing how these tremendous social impact on our soci- country. This is a dramatic increase discussions and data sharing is going. ety, and that the FDA’s own guidance from 1996, when we really didn’t even We know that food safety will also be says that expert advisory panels are high on the priority list for the FDA as talk about it in our country. More than needed on drugs of that nature when it works to implement the Food Safety 30,000 people died in 2014. The number pediatric dosing or child prescribing is Modernization Act, FSMA. A landmark most likely was much higher last year. in question. The FDA just ignored it. piece of legislation, FSMA was passed The number, most likely, will be even I put my hold on Dr. Califf’s nomina- in 2011 to ensure the production of safe higher this year as well. Here is the tion. Senator MANCHIN put his hold. We foods; yet the farmers and processors story—80 percent of all people who are are raising this issue. We are saying to in Vermont and across the country are dying in the United States from heroin the FDA that we need advisory panels. in need of science-based, clear tech- overdoses started on prescription We need a change of culture at the nical assistance to aid in their compli- opioids. Eighty percent of all people FDA. This just cannot continue. ance with this new set of rules. I was who died in 2014 from heroin overdoses The FDA said they would look at it. proud to learn recently that the Uni- started on prescription opioid pain- The FDA said they would study it. versity of Vermont was recently cho- killers. So the pathway into this her- Then the FDA announced 2 weeks ago sen to lead the Northeast Center to Ad- oin epidemic is quite clear. It is the that there would be no advisory panels vance Food Safety. This new collabora- Food and Drug Administration approv- for any of the new opioids which are in tion will advance understanding and ing these new prescription opioid pills the pipeline over at the FDA because practice of improved food safety among without the proper safeguards having they are ‘‘abuse deterrent.’’ Abuse de- the region’s small and medium-sized been put in place to ensure that it terrent is an oxymoron. It is a con- produce growers and processors as they doesn’t make the problem worse rather tradiction in terms. It is like jumbo learn to comply with these new com- than improving the problem. shrimp. There is no such thing as an plex food safety standards. That is why the debate on Dr. Robert abuse deterrent inside of a bottle of The FDA has been without a Com- Califf is so important. The Food and pills that have the same molecular missioner for nearly a year and with no Drug Administration is saying they constitution as heroin, especially if we shortage of issues to address. I am will not empanel expert advisory pan- are talking about giving it to kids age pleased the Senate is moving one step els to review the approval of each one 11 to 16 in our society. closer to filling this position with to- of the new prescription opiates that are By the way, if you want to know why night’s vote. I look forward to working in the pipeline right now at the FDA. there has been a spike in the number of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.027 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S901 breaking-and-entering crimes in peo- rupled—and 80 percent of it started to deal with this issue that has been ple’s homes, with people breaking in with prescription opioids. We have to created by the pharmaceutical and the and looking for these bottles of pills, I have this discussion. physician community. It will not be will tell you why. Each one of these Dr. Califf has been nominated as the enough to say that we are going to au- pills can be worth upward of $80 apiece new head of the FDA. They are not thorize $1.1 billion for treatment, al- on the streets of America. Hear that going to change business as usual at though we need treatment because number? For a bottle of 60 with 80 mil- the FDA. They are not going to do it. there are millions of people who are ligrams is worth between $4,000 and They have already announced it. They going to need it in our society. $5,000 on the streets of America. That don’t want to hear from experts. Their We have to go back to the root is why they want to break into your slogan at the FDA is no experts need causes of this problem, this flood of house. They don’t take the TV. They apply to come in and give advice to the drugs that have gone into this society, are looking for that bottle of medicine pharmaceutical companies and to the the lack of prescribing education that because that is how much it is worth. FDA. No warnings are needed from physicians have to undergo. The FDA That is how much they can sell it for. anyone with regard to what this indus- indicates that only 10 percent of physi- When do we begin to get real about try has been doing to our country and cians in America voluntarily even get the fact that it is a bottle of heroin- what the FDA has been approving. So educated with regard to what are the equivalent in people’s homes? this issue is one that absolutely is at consequences of having a bottle of mo- Ultimately, when all their prescrip- the top of the list of the things we have lecularly similar heroin pills to be put tions are finished off and they can’t get to deal with in our country. inside the cabinets of Americans—10 it anymore from the doctor, they wind Last year, the Food and Drug Admin- percent of physicians. That is just up with heroin at $5 a bag in the street. istration, the agency that actually ap- plain wrong, ladies and gentlemen. We So America, it doesn’t matter which proves how much of this opioid pain- have to make sure that the education community in America we are talking killer can be sold in—and the way the is there for the physicians who need it. about. It can be Boston, West Virginia, system works is individual companies We have to make sure that the phar- Kentucky, California, it is all the same go to the Food and Drug Administra- maceutical companies do not get per- story, the same pathway in, for 80 per- tion, tell them how much they want to mission to be able to get these new cent of all those who overdose on her- have approved, and then the FDA never pills approved until there is a new oin in our society. They are still look- tells the rest of the world how much standard for abuse, a new standard for ing for that heroin-like experience. they allowed each company to, in fact, addiction, a new standard for the diver- So we have a big issue that the FDA manufacture in terms of the painkiller, sion of these pills, a new standard for is not responding to, which is why I the opioid. They give an aggregate what abuse deterrent means because don’t believe Dr. Califf should be con- number, but they never tell you how right now, again, it is a contradiction firmed until we have a change at the much each company got approved. in terms. FDA, and they are not going to do it. What I would like people to do in You can still get addicted by taking We have to make sure they understand their minds right now is to think for a an Oxy or a Percocet over and over it is a coalition of pharmaceutical moment how many prescription opioid again, day by day. You are going to get companies and physicians which have pain pills—equivalent in oxycodone, just as addicted. It is not an abuse de- created this epidemic in our country. other opioids—were approved by the terrent if that is how you are going to We are reaching a point where we are Food and Drug Administration last be taking it. You still wind up with the going to have a Vietnam war equiva- year. Just pick a number. How many same problem. lent of people dying every single year pills total? Do you have a number in We need to get real here. There is no inside of the United States on an issue your head? I am going to give you the bigger issue in our country. There is no created largely by the pharmaceutical answer: 14 billion. Can I repeat that? more profound change that has taken and physician community in our soci- There were 14 billion prescription place on the streets of our country. ety. So when do we start getting real opioid pills approved for a country of When it increases by fourfold in just 14 about it? When do we start having a re- 300 million. That is a bottle for every years, what is on the horizon for our ality check, that while we are 5 percent single adult—a bottle, again I tell society if we don’t put an end to it? of the world’s population here in the you—with the material that has the Working with other Senators, I in- United States, we consume 80 percent molecular equivalency of heroin inside tend to continue to explain this prob- of all of the prescription painkillers in the cabinets of people inside the United lem to other Members. I could not have the world? Mix well, wait 20 years, and States of America. a better partner than the Senator from a pandemic has broken out across our This has to stop. It has to end. I un- Connecticut, Senator BLUMENTHAL, country. derstand it is a good business model for who as attorney general in the State of The FDA has a responsibility to en- the companies manufacturing these Connecticut and now as a Senator has sure that we put the protections in things, but it is not good for America, focused laserlike on this issue. We are place, that the warnings are there, that and it is not good for the families in both committed to making sure that the dosage is correct, and that the pre- our country. The FDA has to stop education of physicians becomes an in- ventive measures are used to reduce them. That is why Senator MANCHIN, dispensable part of the remedy—the Rx dramatically the number of families Senator BLUMENTHAL, and others who that we in the Senate put on the who are going to be devastated by this are going to be speaking on this issue— books—so that at a minimum that edu- issue. we don’t think Dr. Califf should be ap- cation is made mandatory for every When people have back pains, when proved until they change business as physician who is going to be handing people have issues other than the most usual, until they make a commitment out these pills to otherwise life threatening, we have to begin to that they are going to change business unsuspecting Americans. discuss how long we want these people as usual at the Food and Drug Admin- I will just finish this way. One pa- to be on something that has the same istration. They are supposed to be the tient came up to me and said: You molecular constitution as heroin. It is guardian of our public health. They are know, when a doctor says to you that a big issue. Lower back pain, broken supposed to be the arbiters of what is these pills for your family member are legs—there is perhaps a greater danger safe for Americans to consume, but good, you are not going to second-guess from the prescribing than there is from they have not been doing the job. I am the physician. You are going to assume the actual underlying injury in terms not talking about 1996 anymore; I am that because the physician gave them of the long-term consequences for these talking about 2015 and 2016. I am talk- to you, they must be good. families. ing about right now with the evidence And then this man said to me that he We have to have this discussion in of this national tragedy manifesting and his wife looked back and said: our country. We have to have the kind itself in every community in our coun- Should we have known more? Should of discussion that says that heroin try. we have done something different? overdoses in our country have quad- The least that the Senate should be Should we have tried to protect that rupled in the last 14 years—quad- able to say is that it tried, really tried, other family member?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.017 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 No, it should be the FDA. It should emphasis on treatment and services. We have seen how dangerous opioids be the DEA. It should be the physi- We are not going to arrest our way or can be. All opioids, whether or not they cians. It should be the prescribers. jail our way out of this public health are classified as abuse-deterrent, They are the ones that should have the crisis, nor is treatment alone a suffi- should be reviewed by an independent responsibility, not the guilt that they cient solution. Part of the solution has advisory committee. And even if an are giving to families all across the to be more action from the FDA to opioid is classified as abuse-deterrent, country that they should have known oversee, scrutinize, and stop the pipe- that doesn’t mean it cannot be abused more. No, ladies and gentlemen, this is line of painkillers and opioids that are or that an advisory committee the time for us to finally act on this continuing to deluge our community. shouldn’t be consulted. The FDA itself issue. The urgency of this crisis is clear. In recognizes that abuse-deterrent tech- I yield to the great Senator from the 2015 my State had more than 700 pre- nology is in its infancy and inde- State of Connecticut, Senator scriptions leading to overdose deaths. pendent advice is therefore essential. BLUMENTHAL. These fatal overdoses are also avoid- Unfortunately, instances where the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- able. The number of opioid-related FDA has failed to listen to its advisory ator from Connecticut. deaths around the Nation has sky- committees are not limited to the con- Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Madam Presi- rocketed, and behind every one of these text of drug approvals. In 2012 the dent, I am so honored to follow my heartbroken families and communities agency recognized that opioids could great friend and very eloquent advo- is a realization that more must be lead to a number of dangerous out- cate from Massachusetts, Senator done. We depend on the FDA to deal comes—addiction, accidental overdose, MARKEY, who said much more power- with these kinds of problems. The and death. In response, the FDA imple- American people rely on this agency to fully than I can our reasons for oppos- mented a risk-management strategy implement a strong, regulatory ap- ing Dr. Robert Califf as the nominee for extended-release opioids, including for the head of the FDA. To say it very proach to protect them. Unfortunately, the FDA has utterly requiring education for prescribers on simply, this agency needs drastic re- safe prescription practices and the po- form. It needs an overhaul in the way and abjectly failed to protect the American people against the epidemic tential for abuse and addiction. Two that it approves these powerful of opioid overuse. The FDA has a trou- years have passed—2 years since the painkilling substances that can be a bling history in this area, and I am first of these trainings was made avail- gateway to addiction, whether to opi- well familiar with it because I high- able—but the FDA has yet to release ates or whether to heroin. I am proud lighted it when I was the attorney gen- information showing how many pre- to stand on the floor with Senator eral of our State, asking for stronger scribers have been trained and edu- MARKEY, Senator MANCHIN, and others warnings for patients and consumers, cated on responsible prescribing prac- who feel that more must be done, that asking for better oversight of tices. The FDA has ignored my call for our Nation is lagging in addressing an oxycodone and related medicine, and this information to be released. epidemic. asking for better supervision and edu- The FDA has ignored the rec- It is truly a public health hurricane cation of the prescribers. And I asked ommendations from two advisory com- that is sweeping Connecticut and our in letters, in petitions, and in legal ac- mittees that a similar strategy should country. I have done roundtables tions. In effect, the FDA has fueled this be used for immediate-release opioids around my State that are among the crisis by approving too many drugs as well—a crucial issue, given that 91 most moving public experiences of my with too little analysis. Too often, it percent of all opioids prescribed are in service in the Senate and, indeed, my has failed to use an advisory com- this category. time for 20 years as attorney general mittee when approving a new opioid I urge my colleagues to join with me on any public issue. It is an issue that painkiller. It has demonstrated a trou- in sending a signal to the FDA that concerns Iowa as well as every other bling preference for speed over safety. more effective scrutiny and actions are State in the country. It is an issue that It has expedited consideration at the vitally important. The FDA has failed should bring us together on a bipar- risk of public health. to take this crisis seriously. Until it tisan basis to address this true public It is essential to have an independent does, it is failing the American people. health crisis. panel of experts to review and advise And a new FDA head must indicate My reason for opposing Dr. Califf is, the agency on its approval of any there will be a sea change—a funda- very simply, the failure of the FDA to opioid painkiller, giving the public a mental overhaul—in the way FDA recognize its own shortcomings and the chance to provide input before a prod- oversees and protects the American prospect that there will be no change uct comes to market. Unfortunately, in people. in the way the FDA is responding or addition to instances where no advi- I would like to highlight as well the failing to respond to this crisis if he is sory committee has been convened, the crucial importance of finalizing the confirmed. With his confirmation, all FDA has simply approved new drugs deeming rule, which is necessary to en- that we can see ahead is more of the over committees objections. This fail- sure the agency’s authority over all to- same. ing to listen to warnings from experts bacco products—also pertaining to ad- That is unacceptable. The FDA must harms public health and safety and diction; the drug is nicotine—and that be part of the solution or it will con- confidence and credibility of this agen- is essential to ensure that not only tinue to be part of the problem. There cy. cigarettes but also e-cigarettes—that is no question that the solution to this One example, which some of my col- the companies that make them cannot problem has to be multifaceted. In the leagues may remember, concerns the market to children and to people who roundtables that I have held around FDA’s approval of the drug Zohydro. may be led to addiction to that drug. our State and in my conversations This high-dose, extremely potent I am determined that the Nation do with the experts in this field and in the opioid, which lacks abuse-deterrent better in addressing this urgent crisis— meetings that I have conducted with properties, was approved in 2014 despite a public health hurricane sweeping this public health officials around the State strong objections from the scientific country, as disastrous as any physical with recovering addicts and their fami- advisory panel that approved it. That crisis of tornadoes or floods, maybe, in lies, law enforcement, as well as public panel voted 11 to 2 against approving destroying lives and jeopardizing our officials, I have seen that there is no the drug. national security. single solution. There is no one-size- The questionable oversight tactics I am pleased to yield back to my col- fits-all for recovering addicts, for com- the FDA has employed so far leave me league Senator MARKEY and to be munities, for different parts of the with serious doubts about its ability to joined by my great friend and colleague country. There has to be an emphasis implement its recently released action Senator JOE MANCHIN of West Virginia. on law enforcement because cutting off plan. In this plan, the agency com- Mr. MARKEY. I thank the Senator the supply has to be an objective, and mitted to convening advisory commit- from Connecticut, and we intend on law enforcement needs and deserves tees when approving any opioid pain- continuing this battle right through more support from this Nation and killer that is not abuse-deterrent. This this entire confirmation process and from the Congress. There has to be an approach is, very simply, insufficient. beyond. Unless we stop it now, FDA is

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.020 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S903 not going to stand for ‘‘Food and Drug last 20 years. It is just human nature schools—I say: You don’t have to worry Administration,’’ it is going to stand that that is hard to change and hard to about another country ever taking us for ‘‘fostering drug addiction.’’ That is say no to. over militarily. We have the greatest what it has been doing. It has to So with that being said, I said that I military the world has ever known. We change the way it does business. It has think we need a cultural change. I have the strongest economy, and we to respond to this addiction and abuse think he understands that and respects are the only ones who can correct the crisis in our country. It has to be the my position. I respect his. I just think mistakes we have made in our economy cop on the beat. It has to understand he is the wrong person at this time of because it is so strong. They do not its responsibility to not allow this need for the position. We need to shake think they have to take us on mili- flood of drugs to go into our society, it up. He is going to continue to serve tarily or be worried about overtaking and we have to begin the battle now. as Deputy Commissioner of the FDA’s our economy; they are going to sit I urge all Members to vote no on this Office of Medical Products and To- back and wait until we become so ad- nomination. This is not directed per- bacco, but the Commissioner of the dicted we can’t function. This is what sonally at Dr. Califf but directed at an agency must be someone willing to we are dealing with, and this is why it agency which has allowed this flood of lead in a different direction. With 51 is of such importance. drugs into our society without putting Americans dying every day due to an The agency has been so callous about the proper protections in place. opioid overdose, the FDA now more their approach to this epidemic. As a I now yield to the great Senator from than ever needs a Commissioner who is matter of fact, time and time again West Virginia, who has dedicated his a champion committed to changing the they have failed to consider the career as Governor and as Senator to way this agency handles opioids. public’s health. One would assume that leading on this issue. As I have said many times before, my if the Food and Drug Administration The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. State of West Virginia has been hit makes a decision that something is COATS). The Senator from West Vir- hardest. Drug overdose deaths have good and consumable, they would have ginia. soared by more than 700 percent since looked at the effect it has on the pub- Mr. MANCHIN. First of all, Mr. 1999. We lost 600 West Virginians to lic, the health and well-being of the President, I want to say to my col- opioids last year alone. But that is not citizens of this great Nation. Yet it has leagues, Senator MARKEY of Massachu- the only problem in West Virginia. actively stood in the way of addressing setts and Senator BLUMENTHAL of Con- Since 1999 we have lost almost 200,000 this opioid abuse epidemic—and not necticut, this doesn’t have a partisan Americans to prescription opioid only not considering it but prohibiting home. This is not a Democratic or Re- abuse. others from doing it. publican issue. This is an epidemic that I am here today to urge all my col- For years, the FDA delayed before fi- is devastating our entire country. It leagues, before they take their vote nally agreeing to reschedule doesn’t matter whether someone comes today, to think about the citizens of hydrocodone—to reschedule. Let me from affluence or is socioeconomically their States who are suffering from explain where I am coming from. When challenged. Rich or poor, it makes no prescription drug abuse. Think about I first came to the Senate in late 2010, difference. What side of the track you all those you know who have lost a early 2011, I said: My goodness, we have live on makes no difference. This is an loved one due to this epidemic. Each Vicodin and Lortab, the most pre- epidemic that hits us all in its devasta- and every one of us here knows some- scribed opioids on the market—more tion. one whose life has been wrecked by than any others. OxyContin had al- If Senators will just talk to their legal prescription drug addiction. ready been moved to a schedule II, and communities, their law enforcement This is a silent killer. There is not a Vicodin and Lortab were schedule III. officials, they will tell you that over 80 person whom I know in any community It took us 3 years to get the FDA to re- percent of all crimes are drug-related. or any group in any setting whom I schedule Vicodin and Lortab and all Look at the cost, look at the economy, can’t look at and say: There is not one opioids to a schedule II. It took 3 and look at the devasation in the cost of you in this room who doesn’t know years—and after their own advisory of lives it is taking. Something has to someone in your immediate family or committee overwhelmingly rec- be done. among your extended family or friends ommended that it be rescheduled. That We are expected to vote to confirm who hasn’t been affected. That is how means a doctor can only give out a 30- the President’s nominee for Commis- rampant this is, but it is something we day supply at one time without a doc- sioner of the FDA, Dr. Robert Califf. don’t speak about much. We are con- tor visit. Under a schedule III, they can Let me say this about our President, cerned. It could be our son, could be a give out 90 days and continue to just President Barack Obama: I think he is brother or a sister, could be a mother, call it in without seeing a doctor. They taking this seriously. He has come to father, aunt, or uncle, but we don’t were putting this stuff out like they the State of West Virginia, and I am want to talk about it. We are afraid it were M&Ms. So that changed and we fi- very appreciative of that. He has seen has been stereotyped. nally got that done, but it took forever firsthand the devastation it has taken We need a culture change. As the to get it done and we never could un- in all aspects of life in West Virginia. agency overseeing the approval of derstand why. We are a State that is hit as hard as if these addictive drugs, the FDA plays a Since that change went into effect, not harder than other States. It is the critical role in this epidemic, and as we have seen the number of prescrip- No. 1 killer in my State. There are my dear friend from Massachusetts, tions for hydrocodone products, such as more people dying by legal prescription Senator MARKEY, said, the FDA might Vicodin and Lortab, fall by 22 percent. drug abuse than any other cause. So have to change what it stands for. It We know it worked because they were the President came there and he saw really has fostered this drug addiction overprescribing. So 22 percent—that is that. I am just asking the President to more than any other agency. Think 26 million fewer prescriptions and 1.1 make that major commitment to our about the fact that it is being produced billion fewer pills on the market. That having a cultural change by giving us legally, approved by the Federal Gov- is how much just that one change—it someone who will shake it up from the ernment in a legal way, and it is being took 3 years but should have been done top. prescribed in legal ways. We are the in 3 weeks. It took 3 years because the I believe Dr. Califf is a good man. I most addicted Nation on Earth. Over 80 FDA stalled their decisionmaking. really do. I believe he is a qualified percent of the opioids consumed in the Then, after finally making the impor- man. I met with him and spoke with world are consumed by 5 percent of the tant step after 3 years, the next day— him, and I directly asked him—I said: world’s population, that 5 percent all the next day that that was done—the Dr. Califf, you come from a culture living in this great country of ours. FDA approved the dangerous drug where basically the large pharma- Something is wrong. Something is called Zohydro. The next day, after 3 ceutical industry that supplies these wrong, and everyone should be con- years of waiting to get all opiates to a types of products to the market and ex- cerned about this. schedule II, they came out and rec- pects the FDA to approve them are the I tell our children and grandchildren, ommended Zohydro and approved it, people who have supported you for the Mr. President, when I speak in even when their own experts—their

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.021 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 own advisory committee made up of My office has been absolutely flooded choice. Zack was arrested and given the experts—recommended 11 to 2 against with stories from West Virginians and chance to go to rehab again. He completed bringing this most powerful, lethal Americans who want their voices another 2 trips to rehab, one being 60–90 days and another being around 30. He came home, drug on the market. heard. I am going to read just a couple relapsed and went to jail for 4 months due to This drug has ten times the of letters because I think it is impor- failed drug tests. He spent 4 months in re- hydrocodone of Vicodin and Lortab, tant to know the impact of these let- gional jail without receiving one counseling with the capability of killing an indi- ters. I absolutely want you to hear it. session or any help with substance abuse. vidual with just two pills, and just re- And I know every State has been im- When he was released from jail he was very cently the FDA approved OxyContin pacted the way my State has. lost and didn’t know what to do with his life. for use for children 11 years of age. Can This is Susan’s story: He was clean several months before relapsing you believe that? They did that with- again. My name is Susan. I am from West Vir- Zack is now in a peer recovery program in out having any experts or any advisory ginia and I am the mother of three children, West Virginia. He is 20 years old and on his committee’s consent or recommenda- ages 20, 16, and 14. My oldest son’s name is 4[th] stint in rehab. He is fighting for his life tions. This decision means that Zack. Zack is an addict. in this program along with about 120 other Pharma is now legally allowed to ad- Zack grew up in a small town with his men. He has been to jail, and has lost close vertise OxyContin to pediatricians mother, father, brother, and sister. He to 20 people in his life due to overdoses. played sports throughout his childhood in- under certain circumstances. Being a mother of an addict is a night- cluding football, baseball, wrestling, and mare. From learning your child has this dis- We have seen the devastating im- basketball. He got good grades in school. He pacts of this type of advertising, and ease to fighting with insurance companies went to church with his grandparents and and doctors to get your child treatment. we have years of evidence that shows wanted to be a preacher until the age of 11 or When Zack was a juvenile, I was told by that drug use at an early age makes a 12. treatment providers that insurance compa- child more likely to abuse drugs later My husband and I divorced when Zack was nies did not consider substance abuse in chil- in life. These decisions illustrate the 13, and it deeply affected Zack. We moved to dren a life threatening disorder. I had to run FDA’s inability to consider public a new town where Zack and his brother and up in a house when he ran away and handcuff health and assess the realities of this sister started into a new school system. him and take him to a hospital high as a Around the age of 15–16 Zack started self- kite. I had CPS called on me for having my deadly epidemic. While I recently ac- medicating with nerve pills—— cepted the agency’s decision to finally intoxicated son handcuffed because I wasn’t a police officer. I had mental hygiene war- start listening to the advice of its ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. I hate to interrupt the Senator, but the time has rants lost. My son was released by a hospital pert advisory committee—they have at a moderate risk to suicide and because of just decided now they are going to expired. Mr. MANCHIN. I didn’t think there that treatment centers wouldn’t even con- start listening to their advisory com- sider admitting him into their program. I was a time barrier on this. I am so mittees. No way have they decided to was told by hospital staff that if I had a med- sorry. I ask unanimous consent to con- take their recommendations. They are ical card instead of private insurance or if tinue at least this letter. just going to listen. While this might my child was a ward of the state, they could The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there get him more help. I contemplated quitting be a step in the right direction, finally, objection? my job in order to get a medical card for my of their listening and basically taking Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, re- son. I have been asked by rehab to take out the advice of experts but not acting on serving the right to object. The Sen- loans in order to get my son help. I have had it, I think is absolutely meaningless. ator from Washington has 5 minutes to to borrow thousands of dollars from my fam- The change at the FDA needs to be ily in order to get my son into treatment. fundamental, and it needs to come go. I have 10 minutes to go. The vote is I have driven my child to hospitals while from the top. We need a leader who at 5:30. So I guess—— he is nodding in and out and I was crying so changes the current way of thinking. Mr. MANCHIN. I should be done here hard I couldn’t see. I have stayed up for 24 Unless a major cultural change is im- in about 2 or 3 minutes. If I can just hours in a row watching my son detox in hos- finish this letter—I have many more, pitals. I have followed ambulances for miles plemented at the FDA, similar in- transferring him [to] facilities. I have missed stances will continue to occur into the but I will come back later. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Christmases, Thanksgivings, and birthdays future. Meanwhile, our Nation’s opiate with my son. I have gone months and months epidemic continues only to worsen, and ator from Washington. without a good night’s sleep. I would cringe our friends and families are further Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask every time the phone rang or there was a torn apart by the impact of addiction. unanimous consent that following the knock on the door. No mother should ever If Dr. Califf is confirmed today, I do Senator’s remarks, I be allowed 6 min- have to just wait on that phone call or for not feel confident that this culture utes and the Senator from Tennessee that [knock] on the door. I have also had to sit my other 2 children change is going to take place. Dr. Califf be allowed 10 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there down and explain to them that I don’t love has close financial ties with the phar- them any less than I do their brother. I have maceutical industry. Between 2010 and objection? had to tell them I have to dedicate more 2014, Dr. Califf received money through Without objection, it is so ordered. time to Zack because I know the 2 of them his university salary and consulting Mr. MANCHIN. Mr. President, I will be okay but I have to try and keep their fees from 26 Pharma companies, includ- thank my colleagues. brother alive. ing opiate manufacturers. In the past, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there You see this epidemic is not only affecting objection to the request of the Senator the person who is the addict. It is destroying Dr. Califf has actually described the families and communities. Siblings are for- FDA regulation as a barrier—not a from West Virginia? Without objection, it is so ordered. gotten. Marriages and relationships are safeguard for public health, but a bar- being destroyed. Entire families are getting rier. Mr. MANCHIN. Continuing: PTSD. Crime is at an all-time high. The list I believe the FDA needs new leader- Around the age of 15–16 Zack started self- goes on and on. The whole system is broken ship, new focus, and a new culture. Dr. medicating with nerve pills, smoking pot, when it comes to treating mental illness and Califf’s past involvement with the and drinking. Zack did his first stint in addiction. Until we get the money to fund pharmaceutical industry shows that he rehab at the age of 16. He went to Florida to treatment and more treatment centers, this a rehab facility because they were able to ar- epidemic will continue to get worse. would not be the person to do that. He range everything including his flight before If my child had cancer, or any other chron- would not have the impact or leader- we even got a call back from any facility in ic disease, he would be able to get immediate ship capabilities the Nation needs to our state. Zack was in treatment 60 days and treatment. He would be able to get good stem the tide of the opioid crisis. I be- returned home. He was clean for several treatment. Addiction is a disease that may lieve the FDA must break its cozy rela- months and then started using again. Zack start with a poor choice, but is ultimately a tionship with the pharmaceutical in- graduated to using pain pills. From there he disease. Until we are able to provide ade- dustry and, instead, start a relation- started shooting up pain pills. A child who quate treatment immediately to those suf- ship with the millions of Americans had a horrific fear of needles was now inject- fering we will continue to lose a generation ing opiates to escape his painful reality. of people. I pray that no one else has to expe- impacted by prescription drug abuse. It Zack was robbing people and living house to rience the pain my family and my son has is because of this belief that I am urg- house and on the streets. Then when he fig- experienced, but unfortunately, this disease ing my colleagues to vote against the ured out heroin was a cheaper fix and more has entered into every community, every confirmation of Dr. Califf. accessible, this became his new drug of neighborhood, and into most families. It’s

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.023 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S905 just a shame that we live in the greatest na- I was pleased to see that the FDA put nation has been widely applauded tion in the world and this is our reality. forward an action plan to help protect across this country and received strong Mr. President, I thank my colleagues our communities from that crisis, and bipartisan support in our committee for allowing me that. I am very con- I look forward to working together after an intense investigation. cerned about where our country is with all of our colleagues to address I ask unanimous consent to have going and the role the FDA plays. We that area. printed in the RECORD, following my need a cultural change. Another critical priority is ensuring remarks, a list of 124 organizations I thank my colleagues. the FDA always puts science over poli- that have submitted letters in support The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tics. As some on the floor today will re- of Dr. Califf’s nomination to our com- ator from Washington. member, several of my colleagues mittee. The list does not include press Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I want fought long and hard to ensure that releases or other statements of support to start by expressing my appreciation medical expertise, not ideology, gov- that were not submitted to the com- to Dr. Califf for accepting this nomina- erned decisionmaking on the sale of mittee. tion and continuing to offer his exper- Plan B over the counter. Women and Dr. Califf will be in charge of the tise in service of families and commu- families have to be able to trust the Food and Drug Administration. That nities nationwide. FDA to not play politics with their agency is responsible for the safety and I am glad this evening to have the health. effectiveness of our Nation’s medicines, opportunity to talk about the progress After careful consideration and re- devices, and other medical products in the FDA has made in recent years, the view, I am confident that Dr. Califf protecting our country’s food supply. challenges that lie ahead, and why I be- would contribute leadership and exper- It is not too much to say that this lieve Dr. Califf has the necessary lead- tise as we work to tackle all of these job affects virtually every single Amer- ership, background, and experience to challenges. He is a strong nominee for ican. It is a huge job. The FDA affects guide the FDA at this very important the role of FDA Commissioner. He has nearly every single American and regu- time. an impressive history of leadership and lates about one-quarter of all consumer The FDA oversees a quarter of all the management experience, especially at spending in the United States—about goods sold in the United States, includ- Duke University, where he led one of $4 trillion annually. It is responsible ing more than $1 trillion in medical de- our largest academic clinical research for product areas as diverse as prescrip- vices, cosmetics, and supplements. So organizations. He would bring to this tion drugs for humans as well as for the FDA Commissioner has a very crit- new role a record of advancing medical animals, for medical devices, for bio- ical responsibility to support health breakthroughs on challenging illnesses logics, for cosmetics, over-the-counter and well-being in this country. through clinical trials and working to medications, food, and tobacco. I am pleased that in recent years im- translate NIH lab discoveries into usa- To accomplish this, the FDA employs portant progress has been made to im- ble medical treatments for patients. 15,700 full-time employees worldwide, prove FDA’s services for patients and Our review of his record demonstrates with an annual total budget of $4.505 families, from approving the highest a longstanding commitment to trans- billion from funds appropriated by the number of new drugs and biologics in parency in relationships with industry Congress and user fees paid by the in- 2014, to making progress toward a 21st- and working to ensure academic integ- dustries it regulates. Managing an en- century food safety system as the Food rity. Dr. Califf has made clear he will terprise of this size is no small under- Safety Modernization Act is imple- continue to uphold those values and taking. It requires strong leadership mented. These are important steps prioritize a strong, independent FDA as and a steady hand. that have no doubt made a difference Commissioner. His nomination re- Last year, on September 17, the for families, but the FDA still faces ceived letters of support from 128 dif- President nominated Dr. Califf. My significant challenges as we look ferent physician and patient organiza- staff and I reviewed the nomination ahead. tions, as well as the strong, bipartisan carefully. I found him to be well quali- As I have discussed with Dr. Califf, support of the members of our HELP fied to take charge of the FDA. He is the FDA must continue to encourage Committee. one of the Nation’s leading cardiolo- the development of safe, effective cures I have approached this nomination gists. He was a professor at one of the and treatments for the chronic ill- focused on the best interests of fami- Nation’s top medical schools for over 30 nesses that impact far too many fami- lies and communities in my State and years. He is an expert on clinical re- lies across the country. The agency across the country and in making sure search. He has been recognized by the should prioritize tackling the threat of the FDA puts them first in all its work. Institute for Scientific Information as antibiotic resistant infections, such as I believe Dr. Califf would be a valuable one of the top 10 most cited authors, the ones linked to the contaminated partner in this effort as FDA Commis- with more than 1,200 peer-reviewed medical devices in my home State, and sioner. So I encourage all of our col- publications. He has managed large or- it should do more to ensure patients leagues to join me in supporting his ganizations, including the Duke Clin- can always trust that the medical de- nomination, and I look forward to ical Research Institute as a founding vices used in their care are safe and ef- working with all of us to strengthen director. In his current position, he is fective, including by building a robust health and well-being for the families FDA’s Deputy Commissioner for Med- postmarketing surveillance system for and communities we serve. ical Products and Tobacco, in which devices. The FDA should continue to I yield the floor. capacity he oversees the regulation of strengthen its generic drug and bio- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- products including human drugs, bio- similar programs and needs to play a ator from Tennessee. logical products, medical devices, and role in ensuring that all patients and Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President for tobacco. families have access to the prescription the information of Senators, the vote He has conducted scores of important drugs they need. will be in about 10 minutes, following clinical trials and has advised and In addition, our country faces urgent my remarks, and I want to make my worked on research with some of the public health challenges that the FDA remarks because of the importance of Nation’s leading pharmaceuticals and must help to address. To name a few, this nomination. biopharmaceutical companies. we need to move forward on making I join the Senator from Washington In addition, Dr. Califf, like every sure families have access to nutritional State in urging our colleagues to vote full-time nominee, has been through an information and on ensuring our food to end debate on the nomination of Dr. indepth process to review his back- supply is both safe and healthy. We Califf and then tomorrow to vote for ground. Before the President even an- need to put all the agency tools to him. nounced his nomination, there was an work to stop tobacco companies from We are very fortunate to have a man extensive vetting by the White House targeting our children. And we need to of this distinction accept this position. and the FBI. He submitted paperwork tackle the epidemic of opioid abuse I congratulate the President for his to the Office of Government Ethics, that is ending and ruining lives in com- nomination. I note, as the Senator which carefully reviewed that informa- munities nationwide. from Washington said, that his nomi- tion looking for conflicts of interest.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.024 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S906 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 The form he submitted is public and in- made by 3–D printing. The President vices—cutting unnecessary red tape cludes every source of income over has announced a Precision Medicine from the review process for these de- $200, every asset worth more than Initiative designed to promote person- vices. $1,000, and every potential conflict that alized treatments to take into account Senators BALDWIN and COLLINS of- the Office of Government Ethics deter- an individual’s genes, environment, fered the Next Generation Researchers mined would require a recusal. and lifestyle. These are exciting devel- Act, S. 2014. If you are a smart young Before our committee held a hearing, opments. scientist who wants to find a cure for Dr. Califf answered 37 pages of ques- First, the FDA needs to make sure cancer, this bill will help the National tions from the bipartisan leadership of that regulation is appropriate. Too Institutes of Health create opportuni- the committee, including confidential much regulation could reduce invest- ties for you to get funding for your re- questions on financial information, and ment. Not enough regulation could search, so that you don’t head to an- he responded to written followup ques- lead patients to getting therapies that other country or into another field. It tions. His responses included over 3,000 are not safe and effective. will also help you pay back more of pages of articles and lectures my staff At the same time, the FDA will need your student loans. and Senator MURRAY’s staff reviewed to make sure its policies and its proce- Senators KIRK, BENNET, HATCH, MUR- and any Member of the Senate could dures, many of which were adopted dec- KOWSKI, ISAKSON, and COLLINS offered review. ades ago, are capable of addressing the the Enhancing the Stature and Visi- On November 17, the HELP Com- technologies of today and tomorrow. bility of Medical Rehabilitation Re- mittee held a hearing on his nomina- Second, as we continue to make med- search at NIH Act, S. 800. If you are tion. He provided testimony and took ical advances, the FDA will need to one of the millions of Americans with questions. Afterward, he answered 100 keep up with the science and rely on disabilities, illnesses and chronic con- pages of written questions. Throughout expertise outside the FDA when appro- ditions that require medical rehabilita- this process, we have carefully re- priate. Doing that will require a leader tion—maybe you suffered a stroke and viewed everything submitted and not who can manage a large and complex need to relearn how to walk—this bill found anything that would call into organization—not just on big policies will help ensure that the government is doubt Dr. Califf’s ability to lead the that make headlines but on day-to-day supporting research that will help you FDA fairly, ably, and impartially. matters such as hiring and training have the best chance at rehabilitation. I am pleased to support his nomina- scientists on the core mission and inte- Senators ISAKSON and MURPHY of- tion. I am pleased the full Senate now grating information technology. fered the Advancing Research for Neu- will have an opportunity to vote on Medical products take more time and rological Diseases Act of 2015, S. 849. If that nomination in a prompt way. money to discover, develop, and reach you are the child of a parent with Par- Dr. Califf’s nomination comes at an American patients than ever before. We kinson’s, this bill will help speed a important time for the FDA. For the hear stories about drugs and devices treatment or cure for your parents’ dis- past year, the FDA has been operating that are available to patients outside ease by helping researchers have access without a confirmed Commissioner. the United States before they become to more data on neurological diseases. There are important issues there. It available here, often because it is dif- Senator MURRAY offered the Pre- needs a confirmed Commissioner to ficult for manufacturers to navigate venting Superbugs and Protecting Pa- provide the leadership that will carry the FDA’s often unclear approval re- tients Act, S. 2503. If you suffer from the agency into the future. quirements. It often takes over a dec- something as common as indigestion, One issue that has been on many of ade to develop a drug that gains mar- or perhaps something scarier like can- our minds is how to make sure Amer- keting approval in the United States. cer, that requires putting a scope down ican patients have access to affordable According to one recent study, the your throat to diagnose or better un- drugs. Of course, the FDA’s job is not costs have tripled in the last 10 years. derstand your ailment, and this bill to set drug prices. I am pleased Dr. Senator MURRAY and I are working will help ensure that the scope the doc- Califf agreed at his confirmation hear- with our colleagues on our committee tor uses is clean and doesn’t give you ing that he understands the FDA’s role on bipartisan legislation to help get an infection. is to make sure that drugs are safe and safe, cutting-edge drugs, medical de- I offered with Senator MURRAY the effective, not to regulate their price, vices, and treatments into Americans’ Improving Health Information Tech- but the FDA can help lower drug prices medicine cabinets and doctors’ offices nology Act, S. 2511. If you are anyone by approving generic drugs and other more quickly. who has ever changed doctors or needs products as quickly as it possibly can We held a markup on February 9, in to see a specialist and you want to be so there is more choice and competi- which we approved seven important sure the new doctor you are seeing tion in the market. bills with bipartisan support that will knows your medical history so he or There are thousands of applications help both manufacturers and the FDA she can help you best, this bill takes for generic drugs sitting at the FDA to get innovative treatments to pa- several steps to get health records awaiting approval. Addressing this tients more quickly. They are all bi- flowing between doctors, hospitals, and backlog, and reviewing new applica- partisan bills. patients to help realize the promise of tions as expeditiously as possible, will Senators BENNET, WARREN, BURR, and health information technology by turn- allow lower-cost drugs to be available HATCH offered the Advancing Targeted ing these systems from something that to patients. I am confident the FDA Therapies for Rare Diseases Act of 2015, doctors and hospitals dread into some- can improve its performance. Just last S. 2030. If you are the parent of a child thing that actually helps patients. month, our committee held a hearing suffering from a rare disease like Cys- We will be taking up more of these on this issue and the FDA was opti- tic Fibrosis, this bill increases the proposals in March and in April. mistic about making progress. chances that researchers will find a The next FDA Commissioner will We also needed a confirmed Commis- treatment or cure for your child’s dis- have a lot of work to do, both to imple- sioner who can guide the agency to ease. It does that by allowing research- ment the legislation we are passing and make sure it keeps pace with medical ers to reuse good data they have col- to take the existing authority and innovation. There has never been a lected, because it is hard to find make sure we help patients as best we more exciting time in medical research enough patients for a clinical trial can. He will be dealing with one-quar- than today. We know more about biol- studying a rare disease with multiple ter of the consumer spending in the ogy and medicine than ever before, and genetic mutations. United States and affecting virtually knowledge is being applied in innova- Senators BURR and FRANKEN offered every American. He is the right person tive ways. the FDA Device Accountability Act of for this job. We are talking about actually curing, 2015, S. 1622. If you are one of the mil- I strongly encourage my colleagues not just treating cancers. We are using lions in our country who will need a to vote for Dr. Califf, first today, to 3–D printing to help doctors replace medical device such as a pacemaker or end debate on the nomination, and to- knees. In one case the FDA has ap- knee implant, this bill will help drive morrow, once that has ended, to con- proved a drug to treat epilepsy that is the faster development of better de- firm him in this important position.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:48 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.028 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S907 I yield the floor. Rare Disorders (NORD), National Patient kota (Ms. HEITKAMP), the Senator from There being no objection, the mate- Advocate Foundation, National PKU Alli- Missouri (Mrs. MCCASKILL), and the rial was ordered to be printed in the ance, NCCS, New England Journal of Medi- Senator from Vermont (Mr. SANDERS) cine, New York Stem Cell Foundation, On- RECORD, as follows: are necessarily absent. cology Nursing Society, Oncology Nursing ORGANIZATIONS IN SUPPORT Society (ONS), Pac2, Parent Project Mus- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. DR. ROBERT CALIFF—NOMINEE FOR cular Dystrophy. LANKFORD). Are there any other Sen- COMMISSIONER OF FOOD AND DRUGS Pediatric Congenital Heart Association, ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? The following 124 organizations have sub- Personalized Medicine Coalition, PFO Re- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 80, mitted letters in support of Dr. Califf’s nomi- search Foundation, Phelan-McDermid Syn- nays 6, as follows: nation to the Committee on Health, Edu- drome Foundation, Prevent Cancer Founda- [Rollcall Vote No. 24 Ex.] cation, Labor & Pensions. The list does not tion, Progeria Research Foundation, Pros- YEAS—80 include press releases or other statements of tate Cancer Foundation, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association, Re- Alexander Fischer Murray support that were not submitted to the Com- Baldwin Franken Paul search!America, Rett Syndrome Research mittee. Barrasso Gardner Perdue ¨ Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure, Accelerated Trust, Sjogren’s Syndrome Foundation, So- Bennet Gillibrand Peters Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis, Action ciety of Women’s Health Research, Solving Boozman Graham Reed to Cure Kidney Cancer (ACKC), Addario Kids’ Cancer, Sophia’s Fund, St. Baldrick’s Boxer Grassley Reid Lung Cancer Medical Institute, Adenoid Cys- Foundation, Stand Up To Cancer, T1D Ex- Brown Hatch Risch change, The ALS Association, The diaTribe Burr Heinrich Roberts tic Carcinoma Research Foundation, Alli- Cantwell Hirono ance for Aging Research, Alliance for Lupus Foundation, The Hide and Seek Foundation, Rounds Capito Inhofe Sasse Research, Alpha-1 Foundation, American The Nicholas Conor Institute, The Swifty Cardin Isakson Schatz Foundation, USAgainstAlzheimer’s, Wake Carper Johnson Academy of Pediatrics, American Associa- Schumer Up Narcolepsy. Cassidy Kaine tion for Cancer Research (AACR), American Scott Coats King Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, f Sessions American College of Cardiology (ACC), Cochran Kirk Collins Klobuchar Shaheen American Heart Association, American EXECUTIVE SESSION Coons Lankford Stabenow Sleep Apnea Association, American Society Corker Leahy Sullivan for Reproductive Medicine, American Soci- Cornyn Lee Tester ety of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American EXECUTIVE CALENDAR Cotton McCain Thune Statistical Association, Association of Crapo McConnell Tillis American Cancer Institutes (AACI), Associa- CLOTURE MOTION Daines Menendez Udall Warner tion of American Medical Colleges. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant Donnelly Merkley Durbin Mikulski Warren BCM Families Foundation, Bert’s Big Ad- to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the Enzi Moran Whitehouse venture, Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Senate the pending cloture motion, Ernst Murkowski Wicker Foundation, C-Change, Cancer Research In- which the clerk will state. Feinstein Murphy Wyden stitute, Cancer Support Community, The legislative clerk read as follows: NAYS—6 CancerCare, Celiac Disease Foundation, Cen- ter for Medical Technology Policy, CEO CLOTURE MOTION Ayotte Manchin Nelson Roundtable on Cancer, Chase After a Cure, We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- Blumenthal Markey Portman Childhood Cancer Guides, Children’s Cause ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the NOT VOTING—14 for Cancer Advocacy, Citizens United for Re- Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby Blunt Heitkamp Sanders search in Epilepsy, Clinical Research Forum, move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- Booker Heller Shelby Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups, nation of Robert McKinnon Califf, to be Casey Hoeven Toomey COPD Foundation, Cure AHC, Cure SMA, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Depart- Cruz McCaskill Vitter CureHHT, Cutaneous Lymphoma Founda- ment of Health and Human Services. Flake Rubio tion, DC Candlelighters Childhood Cancer Mitch McConnell, John Cornyn, Lamar The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this Foundation, Depression and Bipolar Support Alexander, Bill Cassidy, Chuck Grass- vote, the yeas are 80, the nays are 6. Alliance, Dysautonomia International, ley, Pat Roberts, John Barrasso, Rich- The motion is agreed to. Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, ard Burr, Tim Scott, Orrin G. Hatch, Cloture having been invoked, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Michael B. Enzi, Johnny Isakson, John (ECOG), EveryLife Foundation. Boozman, Cory Gardner, Roger F. clerk will report the nomination. Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered Wicker, Thom Tillis, Roy Blunt. The senior assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Robert (FORCE), FasterCures, a center of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- McKinnon Califf, of South Carolina, to Milken Institute, FH Foundation, Fight imous consent, the mandatory quorum Colorectal Cancer, Foundation Fighting be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, call has been waived. Blindness, Foundation for Mitochondrial Department of Health and Human The question is, Is it the sense of the Medicine, Foundation for Prader-Willi Re- Services. search, Friedreich’s Ataxia Research Alli- Senate that debate on the nomination The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ance, Friends of Cancer Research, of Robert McKinnon Califf, of South ator from Florida. Gastroparesis Patient Association for Cures Carolina, to be Commissioner of Food Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask and Treatments, Genetic Alliance, Geoffrey and Drugs, Department of Health and Beene Foundation, Glaucoma Research unanimous consent to speak as in Human Services, shall be brought to a morning business. Foundation, Grandparents In Action, Heart close? Failure Society of America, Heathcare Lead- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ership Council, Hematology/Oncology Phar- The yeas and nays are mandatory objection, it is so ordered. macy Association, Hepatitis Foundation under the rule. (The remarks of Mr. NELSON per- International, Institute for Clinical Bio- The clerk will call the roll. taining to the introduction of S. 2558 ethics, Institute of Catholic Bioethics, Inter- The legislative clerk called the roll. are printed in today’s RECORD under national Myeloma Foundation, JDRF, Kids Mr. CORNYN. The following Senators ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and v. Cancer, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, are necessarily absent: the Senator Joint Resolutions.’’) Lung Cancer Alliance, LUNGevity Founda- from Missouri (Mr. BLUNT), the Senator Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I sug- tion, Lupus and Allied Diseases Association, from Texas (Mr. CRUZ), the Senator Lupus Research Institute, LymeDisease.org, gest the absence of a quorum. Lymphangiomatosis & Gorham’s Disease Al- from Arizona (Mr. FLAKE), the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The liance. from Nevada (Mr. HELLER), the Senator clerk will call the roll. Martin Truex Jr. Foundation, Mattie Mir- from North Dakota (Mr. HOEVEN), the The senior assistant legislative clerk acle Cancer Foundation, Melanoma Research Senator from Florida (Mr. RUBIO), the proceeded to call the roll. Alliance, Men’s Health Network, MLD Foun- Senator from Alabama (Mr. SHELBY), Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I dation, MPN Research Foundation, Multiple the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. ask unanimous consent that the order Myeloma Research Foundation, Muscular TOOMEY), and the Senator from Lou- for the quorum call be rescinded. Dystrophy Association, Myotonic Dystrophy isiana (Mr. VITTER). The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Foundation, National Alliance on Mental Ill- objection, it is so ordered. ness (NAMI), National Alopecia Areata Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Foundation, National Brain Tumor Society, Senator from New Jersey (Mr. BOOKER), FILLING THE SUPREME COURT VACANCY National Health Council, National Multiple the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Sclerosis Society, National Organization for CASEY), the Senator from North Da- recently joined my good friend from

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:08 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.029 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 Iowa, the chairman of the Judiciary REMEMBERING DAVID HURD ation of positive legislative solutions Committee, in writing an opinion Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, designed to strengthen and improve piece. We expressed our joint view that today I wish to honor David Hurd on our Nation’s health care infrastruc- the death of Justice Scalia represented his passing. ture. He has also developed numerous a significant loss for our country and David was 86 years old, but his family collaborative initiatives between hos- that while finding the right person to and friends would tell you he packed pitals and the communities which they take the seat he occupied will clearly much more into his years than even his serve. be a monumental task, it is one we long life would suggest. As a longtime resident of Nashville, think the American people are more He was a prominent businessman, in my home State of Tennessee, Mr. than well equipped to handle. Some chief executive officer of the Principal Campbell is also active in various com- disagree and would rather the Senate Financial Group from 1989 to 1994, and munity organizations, which promote simply rush through yet another life- a member of the Iowa Business Hall of innovation, education, and charitable time appointment for a President who Fame. activities. is on his way out the door. He is credited with helping to build Mr. Campbell, through force of per- Of course, it is within the President’s Principal into the global powerhouse sonality, geniality, and dedication, has authority to nominate a successor even company it is today. worked relentlessly to promote mar- in this very rare circumstance. Re- David also was a well-regarded civic ket-based, creative approaches to member, the Senate has not filled a va- leader. health care delivery which have made cancy arising in an election year when He wasn’t a native Iowan, but Des difference in the lives of countless pa- there was a divided government since Moines became his home in 1954 when tients at community hospitals across 1888—almost 130 years ago. But we also he came to work for what was then our Nation. know that article II, section 2 of the Banker’s Life, now Principal Financial. I sincerely congratulate Mr. Camp- Constitution grants the Senate the Having lived in Des Moines for so bell on earning this distinguished right to withhold its consent as it many years, he became an advocate award and wish him well.∑ deems necessary. and an activist for making Des Moines f It is clear that concern over con- an attractive place to live and work. firming Supreme Court nominations Des Moines is a thriving city today, RECOGNIZING MAINE STITCHING made near the end of a Presidential and David did a lot to contribute to its SPECIALTIES term is not new. Given that we are in success. ∑ Mr. KING. Mr. President, today I the midst of the Presidential election It was fitting that his longtime home process, the chairman of the Judiciary wish to recognize the success of Maine was a high-rise building downtown, Stitching Specialties, a fast-growing Committee and I believe that today it right in the middle of everything, is the American people who are best company that is quickly establishing where he could enjoy the benefits of itself as an important business in the positioned to help make this important city living and watch Des Moines decision rather than a lameduck Presi- Skowhegan manufacturing community. change in so many positive ways. During the first week of March, Maine dent whose priorities and policies they David also held many hobbies and in- Stitching Specialties’ founders, Bill just rejected in the most recent na- terests in diverse areas: running, pa- and Julie Swain, will celebrate a major tional election. tronizing the arts, playing Scrabble, step forward in the expansion of their rowing, protecting the environment, f company as they team up with Wal- and more. MORNING BUSINESS Mart to sell their premium textile He made friends across these many goods. The company will commemorate (At the request of Mr. REID, the fol- fields who were united in their regard this milestone with a ceremonial load- lowing statement was ordered to be for his zest for life, sense of humor, and ing of the first truck and a celebratory printed in the RECORD.) intellectual curiosity. farewell as the first shipment of goods f The phrase ‘‘renaissance man’’ is departs to be sold at Wal-Mart stores. sometimes overused, but in David VOTE EXPLANATION Bill and Julie Swain founded their Hurd’s case, it is 100-percent accurate. ∑ pet products company, Dogs Not Gone, Mrs. MCCASKILL. Mr. President, I Des Moines and the State of Iowa are 8 years ago, and since then, their busi- was necessarily absent for today’s vote richer for having had this renaissance ness has expanded to employ 22 people on the motion to invoke cloture on the man in our midst. nomination of Robert McKinnon Califf at their new Maine Stitching Special- to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, f ties manufacturing facility. Their suc- Department of Health and Human ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS cessful expansion 15 months ago set Services. I would have voted nay.∑ Bill and Julie apart from their com- f petition, and today their company is CONGRATULATING VICTOR L. one of the largest in Skowhegan. NOMINATION OBJECTION CAMPBELL Maine Stitching Specialties’ commit- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I in- ∑ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, it ment to local manufacturing and high- tend to object to the nomination of Dr. is my honor today to congratulate Vic- quality products has garnered respect Mary Wakefield to the position of HHS tor L. Campbell on receiving the Life- from numerous mainstream retail Deputy Secretary. time Achievement Award from the stores. In recent years, Bill and Julie The reason for my objection is the Federation of American Hospitals. have had the opportunity to sell their following: Last summer, separate in- Mr. Campbell has devoted 44 years of products to well-established companies quiries from Chairman JOHNSON and service to the Nation’s health care de- like L.L. Bean and now Wal-Mart. myself and from Senators ERNST and livery system and the patients it Their reputation for manufacturing du- BLUNT were sent to HHS regarding serves. He has represented the hospital rable products and their commitment fetal tissue harvesting practices of community with distinction and has to the traditions and spirit of our State Planned Parenthood Federation of earned the great respect of his col- will ensure that Maine Stitching Spe- America, an HHS grant recipient. Re- leagues as a voice of wisdom. cialties continues to grow and prosper. sponse to the letters did not fully an- He has played a role in shaping Fed- Bill and Julie represent a strong swer the questions raised and, further- eral health care policy for decades. Mr. community of small business owners more, raised additional concerns. Fol- Campbell is a three-time chairman and who are devoted to boosting our low-up inquiries to HHS also failed to longtime board member of the Federa- State’s economy and creating jobs in address some of the questions. tion of American Hospitals. He has also local communities. Manufacturing is Today I sent a followup letter to Sec- served on the board of the American at the heart of industry in Maine, and retary Burwell in order to determine Hospital Association. the success of hard-working people like whether any audits of the fetal tissue Mr. Campbell’s commitment and Bill and Julie helps our State remain programs have ever been undertaken. tireless leadership has led to the cre- economically competitive.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.035 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S909 I would like to recognize and con- First, we need to get rid of mandatory min- journey. Administrators and Curriculum Di- gratulate Bill and Julie on their suc- imum sentences. Judges from across the na- rectors or Superintendents need to see the cess and ongoing commitment to pro- tion have said for decades that they do not content and need to understand that force- ducing high-quality goods. Our State like mandatory minimums, that they do not feeding students knowledge is not knowledge work, and that they are unconstitutional. at all. We need to create the environment owes Maine Stitching Specialties a Mandatory minimum sentences, coupled where students have choice of what their great deal of thanks for their vision with racially biased laws concerning drug learning environment looks like; choice of and dedication and for their social and possession is the reason why we see the ratio how they learn material; choice of how they economic contributions to the people of African American males to white males develop and a choice of how they grow. of Maine and to our economy. I look over 10:1. This leads to the second action we It’s true: education is an important system forward to Bill and Julie’s continued must take; we must end the war on drugs. It that gets a significant share of financial and success over the coming years and to has proven to be a failed experiment that has governmental attention. Now let’s make it a revolution of consciousness. Let’s make watching Maine Stitching Specialties reopened many racial wounds in our nation. ∑ The war on drugs also put addicts behind meaningful education for our future; not for grow and thrive. bars, rather than treating addiction like the our brains. f problem it actually is; a mental health issue. PETER UNGER, CHAMPLAIN VALLEY UNION HIGH PAIGE THIBAULT, CHAMPLAIN VALLEY UNION SCHOOL (FINALIST) REMEMBERING EDGAR MITCHELL HIGH SCHOOL (FINALIST) The internet is the first human creation ∑ Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I would In common day society, education is wide- with the potential to unify and connect the like to take this opportunity to re- ly accepted as a valuable resource to our na- world; with the potential to change the way member and honor the life of Ed Mitch- tion’s future. Education has immeasurable we collaborate and innovate forever; with ell. Ed was one of our Nation’s great impact on our lives and on our identity, as the potential to reestablish the United space pioneers and one of only a hand- we build foundations of our growth off of our States of America as the preeminent global leader in education, technology, and medi- ful of Americans to walk on the moon. learning. However with all these potentially influential factors that education possesses, cine. However, none of this potential will be Ed once said of his Apollo 14 crew: ‘‘We the system that we have nurtured has failed realized without a fundamental rethink of went to the moon as technicians; we in reaching students with meaning and Internet Service Provider regulations. We returned as humanitarians.’’ Ed and value. Like other things in our world, the also need a fresh approach on infrastructure his fellow Apollo astronauts not only system is broken. capable of launching a new age industrial inspired a generation of astronauts and What I’ve been noticing within my own revolution. The United States of America explorers, they blazed the trail we are education is that the prospect of content is needs a government maintained and man- all now following as we continue to idolized in the classroom. Teachers no longer dated fiber optic network. We no longer have cram memorization into our heads (an edu- an economy based on production of tangible journey outward to Mars and beyond. ∑ cational revolution in itself), yet their focus products for a regional economy, instead we Thank you, Ed. is still the intimate prevalence of deadlines produce innovative and revolutionary ideas. f and test scores. Yes—school is where we Without a fiber optic backbone, these ideas learn—yet the purpose of our learning should won’t reach their potential. Let me convey VERMONT ESSAY FINALISTS not to become ‘smart’. When students start to you the urgency and importance of this ∑ Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I ask thinking that this is indeed the purpose of issue. The competition has already started their learning, inspiration and drive are or even finished the improvements this coun- to have printed in the RECORD copies of completely decimated. Being ‘smart’ is a try is in dire need of. The cost of broadband some of the finalist essays written by subjective standard that we press upon our in dollars per megabits per second ranked Vermont High School students as part kids, yet it’s something which has shallow Bulgaria as number one with a cost of forty of the sixth annual ‘‘What is the State value. Classes stuffed with disconnected in- seven cents per megabit per second, and in of the Union’’ essay contest conducted formation only promote this misconception thirty third place is the United States of by my office. These finalists were se- even further. Why should we be focusing on America at three dollars and fifty cents. lected from nearly 800 entries. feeding students material when the students This disconnect between value and product is The material follows: themselves don’t see why they’re supposed to dousing the innovative fire that is the Amer- consume it? ican Technology industry. NICK SEARS, VERMONT COMMONS SCHOOL And this isn’t just the content; it’s the at- What do we do? Myself and experts alike, (FINALIST) mosphere. An example: When an adult reads know for certain that the Internet Service The United States of America is an amaz- from a manual in front of a class, there are Providers aren’t going to figure it out on ing nation that continues to lead the world two parties in play. There’s the instructor their own. They are up selling us into decade through the complex geopolitical problems (includes the teacher, the manual, the au- old technology for a premium. Currently, that we are faced with today. As a strong thors of the manual), and there is the stu- there is no incumbent to challenge the oli- economic and political world leader, we have dent body. Notice it’s not twenty individual gopoly that are the American Internet Serv- become the role model for developing na- humans learning differently on the same ice Providers. The only realistic solution to tions attempting to give their people the topic, it is the singular and collective stu- this dire problem is a mindset change in the same freedoms and opportunities that Amer- dent group. Sitting in this blob of the ‘‘stu- legislative branch of this very country; peo- icans have become so accustomed to. This is dent body’’ and being considered solely for ple don’t do things on the internet, people why it is so important to work harder than the fact that you belong to a mass of appar- just do things. Internet needs to be classified we ever have before to better ourselves as a ent learning is an extremely demoralizing as the true utility it is. The internet may be nation, because what we change will set a thought in the learning setting. I want to be the most powerful collaboration and creation precedent of improvement around the world appreciated for what I can bring to my learn- tool ever known to man. I personally believe and inspire change. ing; not what the class average is. What that we can’t currently comprehend the pos- The biggest problem in the U.S. is the in- value do I have if I can be replaced with a sibilities that will be made real by this truly carceration system. It has been broken for statistic? amazing tool. decades, and there has been no legitimate at- I’ll tell you why: our hopes and dreams are Do you want cable companies to control tempt to fix it. Over the past thirty years, original. Our minds run differently. And what website you visit and to prioritize serv- there has been a 500% increase in incarcer- most importantly our souls all want to go in ices that pay a premium? Currently, these ation rates, resulting in the U.S. leading the our own direction. No matter how similar are controlled by a concept known as net world in number of prisoners with 2.2 million our test scores are, we will never be destined neutrality, the cable companies’ lobbyists people currently incarcerated. Especially in to have the same future, so why are we clus- want to abolish this fundamental protection this example, it is important to humanize tered to have the same upbringing? Why are of freedom of speech and innovation. With- these statistics. These are 2.2 million people, we held to the same expectations if the only out this fundamental freedom, the cre- who now because of their conviction will find thing that is the same about us is the year ativity, innovation, and communication, at it much harder to be truly integrated back on our birth certificate? I understand that which the internet is so powerful at stimu- in their communities, due to the struggles of grouping students by age is a positive thing, lating, will be stomped out for good. finding a job with a record, and the fact that but we should not let that number classify us The only way to protect the openness, fair- they often do not qualify for social welfare. as learners. ness, and freedom we as United States Citi- The incarceration system is also bank- We need to rethink education, emphasizing zens are accustomed to as well as enhance rupting both the state and federal govern- personal growth versus increased IQ. Stu- the creativity, innovation and communica- ment. It currently is the third highest state dents should not be accepted with their dif- tion, which we all use the internet for, is for expenditure, behind health care and edu- ferences, but should be accepted because of the Federal Communications Commission to cation. them. The teachers that guild students reclassify broadband service under Title II of Fortunately, we as a nation have the op- should be trained with the ideology that the Telecommunications act. This letter is portunity to fix the incarceration system. learning is not for a destination, it is for a not a preventative measure, this letter is an

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G22FE6.001 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S910 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 eleventh hour plea to pull even with the rap- cess of the Senate and an adjournment of the reserve components of such land forces, and idly evolving global information arms race.∑ House of Representatives. for other purposes; to the Committee on f f Armed Services. f MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Messages from the President of the At 3:02 p.m., a message from the SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND United States were communicated to House of Representatives, delivered by SENATE RESOLUTIONS the Senate by Mr. Pate, one of his sec- Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- The following concurrent resolutions retaries. nounced that the House has passed the and Senate resolutions were read, and f following bills, in which it requests the referred (or acted upon), as indicated: EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED concurrence of the Senate: By Mr. GARDNER (for himself and Mr. H.R. 2017. An act to amend the Federal BENNET): As in executive session the Presiding Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to improve S. Res. 371. A resolution congratulating the Officer laid before the Senate messages and clarify certain disclosure requirements Denver Broncos for winning Super Bowl 50; from the President of the United for restaurants and similar retail food estab- considered and agreed to. States submitting sundry nominations lishments, and to amend the authority to f and a withdrawal which were referred bring proceedings under section 403A. to the appropriate committees. H.R. 3442. An act to provide further means MEASURES REFERRED (The messages received today are of accountability of the United States debt The following bills were read the first and promote fiscal responsibility. printed at the end of the Senate pro- and the second times by unanimous ceedings.) The message also announced that consent, and referred as indicated: pursuant to Senate Concurrent Resolu- f H.R. 2017. An act to amend the Federal tion 28, 114th Congress, and the order of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to improve MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE the House of January 6, 2015, the and clarify certain disclosure requirements RECEIVED DURING ADJOURNMENT Speaker appoints the following Mem- for restaurants and similar retail food estab- ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED bers on the part of the House of Rep- lishments, and to amend the authority to Under the order of the Senate of Jan- resentatives to the Joint Congressional bring proceedings under section 403A; to the Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies: Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and uary 6, 2015, the Secretary of the Sen- Pensions. Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, Mr. MCCARTHY ate, on February 12, 2016, during the ad- H.R. 3442. An act to provide further means journment of the Senate, received a of California, and Ms. PELOSI of Cali- of accountability of the United States debt message from the House of Representa- fornia. and promote fiscal responsibility; to the tives announcing that the Speaker had f Committee on Finance. signed the following enrolled bills: INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND f H.R. 907. An act to improve defense co- JOINT RESOLUTIONS operation between the United States and the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The following bills and joint resolu- The following reports of committees H.R. 1428. An act to extend Privacy Act tions were introduced, read the first were submitted: remedies to citizens of certified states, and and second times by unanimous con- By Mr. GRASSLEY, from the Committee for other purposes. sent, and referred as indicated: on the Judiciary, with an amendment in the Under the authority of the order of By Mr. NELSON (for himself and Mrs. nature of a substitute: the Senate of January 6, 2015, the en- FISCHER): S. 524. A bill to authorize the Attorney rolled bills were signed on February 12, S. 2558. A bill to expand the prohibition on General to award grants to address the na- 2016, during the adjournment of the misleading or inaccurate caller identifica- tional epidemics of prescription opioid abuse Senate, by the Acting President pro tion information, and for other purposes; to and heroin use. the Committee on Commerce, Science, and tempore (Mr. MCCONNELL). f Transportation. The message also announced that the By Mr. BURR (for himself, Ms. AYOTTE, ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS House agreed to the amendment of the and Mr. COTTON): Senate to the bill (H.R. 757) to improve S. 2559. A bill to prohibit the modification, S. 239 the enforcement of sanctions against termination, abandonment, or transfer of the At the request of Mr. ENZI, the name the Government of North Korea, and lease by which the United States acquired of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. for other purposes. the land and waters containing Naval Sta- MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. tion, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; to the Com- ENROLLED BILL SIGNED 239, a bill to amend title 49, United mittee on Armed Services. Under the order of the Senate of Jan- States Code, with respect to apportion- By Mr. PETERS (for himself, Mr. CAS- ments under the Airport Improvement uary 6, 2015, the Secretary of the Sen- SIDY, and Mr. FRANKEN): ate, on February 12, 2016, during the ad- S. 2560. A bill to amend the Higher Edu- Program, and for other purposes. journment of the Senate, received a cation Act of 1965 to make college affordable S. 524 message from the House of Representa- and accessible; to the Committee on Health, At the request of Mr. WHITEHOUSE, tives announcing that the Speaker had Education, Labor, and Pensions. the names of the Senator from Iowa signed the following enrolled bill: By Mr. SESSIONS (for himself and Mr. (Mr. GRASSLEY) and the Senator from JOHNSON): Texas (Mr. CORNYN) were added as co- H.R. 757. An act to improve the enforce- S. 2561. A bill to amend the William Wil- ment of sanctions against the Government of berforce Trafficking Victims Protection Re- sponsors of S. 524, a bill to authorize North Korea, and for other purposes. authorization Act of 2008 to provide expe- the Attorney General to award grants Under the authority of the order of dited processing for unaccompanied alien to address the national epidemics of the Senate of January 6, 2015, the en- children who are not victims of a severe form prescription opioid abuse and heroin rolled bill was signed on February 12, of trafficking in persons and who do not have use. 2016, during the adjournment of the a fear of returning to their country of na- At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the tionality or last habitual residence, and for name of the Senator from Missouri Senate, by the Acting President pro other purposes; to the Committee on the Ju- (Mr. BLUNT) was added as a cosponsor tempore (Mr. MCCONNELL). diciary. Under the order of the Senate of Jan- By Mr. BROWN (for himself and Ms. of S. 524, supra. uary 6, 2015, the Secretary of the Sen- BALDWIN): S. 627 ate, on February 12, 2016, during the ad- S. 2562. A bill to support a comprehensive At the request of Ms. AYOTTE, the journment of the Senate, received a public health response to the heroin and pre- name of the Senator from Montana message from the House of Representa- scription drug abuse crisis; to the Committee (Mr. DAINES) was added as a cosponsor tives announcing that the House has on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. of S. 627, a bill to require the Secretary By Mr. MORAN: agreed to the following concurrent res- S. 2563. A bill to affirm the importance of of Veterans Affairs to revoke bonuses olution, without amendment: the land forces of the United States Armed paid to employees involved in elec- S. Con. Res. 31. Concurrent resolution pro- Forces and to authorize fiscal year 2016 end- tronic wait list manipulations, and for viding for a conditional adjournment or re- strength minimum levels for the active and other purposes.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:08 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.043 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S911 S. 1010 S. 1883 2377, a bill to defeat the Islamic State At the request of Mr. MANCHIN, the At the request of Mr. REED, the name of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and protect name of the Senator from Oklahoma of the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. and secure the United States, and for (Mr. LANKFORD) was added as a cospon- CASEY) was added as a cosponsor of S. other purposes. sor of S. 1010, a bill to amend the Secu- 1883, a bill to maximize discovery, and S. 2426 rities Exchange Act of 1934 to exempt accelerate development and avail- At the request of Mr. GARDNER, the from registration brokers performing ability, of promising childhood cancer name of the Senator from Montana services in connection with the trans- treatments, and for other purposes. (Mr. DAINES) was added as a cosponsor fer of ownership of smaller privately S. 1890 of S. 2426, a bill to direct the Secretary held companies. At the request of Mr. HATCH, the of State to develop a strategy to obtain S. 1061 names of the Senator from Colorado observer status for Taiwan in the At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the (Mr. BENNET), the Senator from Cali- International Criminal Police Organi- name of the Senator from Minnesota fornia (Mrs. BOXER) and the Senator zation, and for other purposes. (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) was added as a co- from Indiana (Mr. DONNELLY) were S. 2486 sponsor of S. 1061, a bill to improve the added as cosponsors of S. 1890, a bill to At the request of Mr. KIRK, the name Federal Pell Grant program, and for amend chapter 90 of title 18, United of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. other purposes. States Code, to provide Federal juris- MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 1062 diction for the theft of trade secrets, 2486, a bill to enhance electronic war- At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the and for other purposes. fare capabilities, and for other pur- name of the Senator from Minnesota S. 1919 poses. (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. LANKFORD, the S. 2487 sponsor of S. 1062, a bill to improve the name of the Senator from Louisiana At the request of Mrs. BOXER, the Federal Pell Grant program, and for (Mr. VITTER) was added as a cosponsor name of the Senator from New Jersey other purposes. of S. 1919, a bill to amend the Patient (Mr. MENENDEZ) was added as a cospon- S. 1169 Protection and Affordable Care Act to sor of S. 2487, a bill to direct the Sec- At the request of Mr. WHITEHOUSE, protect rights of conscience with re- retary of Veterans Affairs to identify the name of the Senator from New Jer- gard to requirements for coverage of mental health care and suicide preven- sey (Mr. BOOKER) was added as a co- specific items and services, to amend tion programs and metrics that are ef- sponsor of S. 1169, a bill to reauthorize the Public Health Service Act to pro- fective in treating women veterans as and improve the Juvenile Justice and hibit certain abortion-related discrimi- part of the evaluation of such programs Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, nation in governmental activities, and by the Secretary, and for other pur- and for other purposes. for other purposes. poses. S. 1555 S. 2102 S. 2515 At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the At the request of Mr. LEE, the name At the request of Mr. BURR, the name name of the Senator from Colorado of the Senator from Texas (Mr. COR- of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. KIRK) (Mr. GARDNER) was added as a cospon- NYN) was added as a cosponsor of S. was added as a cosponsor of S. 2515, a sor of S. 1555, a bill to award a Congres- 2102, a bill to amend the Clayton Act bill to amend title 10, United States sional Gold Medal, collectively, to the and the Federal Trade Commission Act Code, to ensure criminal background Filipino veterans of World War II, in to provide that the Federal Trade Com- checks of employees of the military recognition of the dedicated service of mission shall exercise authority with child care system and providers of the veterans during World War II. respect to mergers only under the child care services and youth program S. 1567 Clayton Act and only in the same pro- services for military dependents. At the request of Mr. PETERS, the cedural manner as the Attorney Gen- S. 2531 name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. eral exercises such authority. At the request of Ms. AYOTTE, her KIRK) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 2198 name was added as a cosponsor of S. 1567, a bill to amend title 10, United At the request of Mr. BLUMENTHAL, 2531, a bill to authorize State and local States Code, to provide for a review of the name of the Senator from New governments to divest from entities the characterization or terms of dis- York (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a that engage in commerce-related or in- charge from the Armed Forces of indi- cosponsor of S. 2198, a bill to establish vestment-related boycott, divestment, viduals with mental health disorders a grant program to encourage States to or sanctions activities targeting Israel, alleged to affect terms of discharge. adopt certain policies and procedures and for other purposes. S. 1641 relating to the transfer and possession S. 2540 At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the of firearms. At the request of Mr. REID, the name of the Senator from Missouri S. 2218 names of the Senator from Connecticut (Mrs. MCCASKILL) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. THUNE, the (Mr. BLUMENTHAL), the Senator from sponsor of S. 1641, a bill to improve the name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. New Jersey (Mr. BOOKER) and the Sen- use by the Department of Veterans Af- MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. ator from Vermont (Mr. SANDERS) were fairs of opioids in treating veterans, to 2218, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- added as cosponsors of S. 2540, a bill to improve patient advocacy by the De- enue Code of 1986 to treat certain provide access to counsel for unaccom- partment, and to expand availability of amounts paid for physical activity, fit- panied children and other vulnerable complementary and integrative health, ness, and exercise as amounts paid for populations. and for other purposes. medical care. S. 2554 S. 1820 S. 2268 At the request of Mr. INHOFE, the At the request of Mr. LANKFORD, the At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the name of the Senator from Oklahoma name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. (Mr. LANKFORD) was added as a cospon- KIRK) was added as a cosponsor of S. ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. sor of S. 2554, a bill to amend title 38, 1820, a bill to require agencies to pub- 2268, a bill to award a Congressional United States Code, to provide for the lish an advance notice of proposed rule Gold Medal to the United States Army removal or demotion of employees of making for major rules. Dust Off crews of the Vietnam War, the Department of Veterans Affairs S. 1855 collectively, in recognition of their ex- based on performance or misconduct, At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the traordinary heroism and life-saving ac- and for other purposes. name of the Senator from Montana tions in Vietnam. S. RES. 340 (Mr. DAINES) was added as a cosponsor S. 2377 At the request of Mr. CASSIDY, the of S. 1855, a bill to provide special for- At the request of Mr. REID, the name names of the Senator from New Hamp- eign military sales status to the Phil- of the Senator from Colorado (Mr. BEN- shire (Ms. AYOTTE), the Senator from ippines. NET) was added as a cosponsor of S. New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) and the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:08 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.013 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S912 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 Senator from North Carolina (Mr. sands in a vain attempt to collect on to try to give some protection in this TILLIS) were added as cosponsors of S. his winnings in what he thought was a age of digital technology, of rapidly ad- Res. 340, a resolution expressing the Jamaican lottery—winnings that were vancing technology, to help protect sense of Congress that the so-called Is- nonexistent because it was all a scam. those poor consumers who are getting lamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS A lot of us think we have trained our- fooled and in other words getting or Da’esh) is committing genocide, selves to ignore phone calls and text spoofed. crimes against humanity, and war messages from numbers that pop up I also thank Senator KLOBUCHAR and crimes, and calling upon the President that we don’t recognize, but this is also Senator DONNELLY for their work in to work with foreign governments and where the sophisticated scammer en- combatting spoofing. We are going to the United Nations to provide physical ters because now scammers can imper- continue to work on this, and this Sen- protection for ISIS’ targets, to support sonate government institutions’ num- ator is going to press the Federal Com- the creation of an international crimi- bers. They promote fraudulent lottery munications Commission to continue nal tribunal with jurisdiction to punish schemes and they tailor their calls to to use its full authority under the these crimes, and to use every reason- individuals in order to coerce victims Truth in Caller ID Act to stop these able means, including sanctions, to de- into paying large sums of money, just scams, including a consideration of stroy ISIS and disrupt its support net- like the victim I mentioned earlier. technical solutions like call authen- Spoofing technology is used to ma- works. tication to protect consumers. nipulate the caller ID information and S. RES. 346 trick consumers into believing that the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, his calls are local or are coming from sent that the text of the bill be printed name was added as a cosponsor of S. trusted institutions. A few years ago, in the RECORD. Res. 346, a resolution expressing oppo- this Senator introduced the Truth in There being no objection, the text of sition to the European Commission in- Caller ID Act to prohibit ID spoofing the bill was ordered to be printed in terpretive notice regarding labeling when it is used to defraud or harm con- the RECORD, as follows: Israeli products and goods manufac- sumers, and this law provided impor- S. 2558 tured in the West Bank and other tant tools for law enforcement to go Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- areas, as such actions undermine the after these criminals and crack down resentatives of the United States of America in Israeli-Palestinian peace process. on the phone scams. That legislation Congress assembled, S. RES. 349 was passed. It was signed into law. It SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. At the request of Mr. ROBERTS, the was a huge win for consumers and the This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Spoofing names of the Senator from Nebraska first step toward ending these abusive Prevention Act of 2016’’. (Mrs. FISCHER), the Senator from practices, but technology is passing us SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. Michigan (Mr. PETERS), the Senator by. In this Act: from Wisconsin (Ms. BALDWIN), the As the technologies evolve, the law (1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ Senator from Maine (Mr. KING), the directed the Federal Communications means the Federal Communications Com- Senator from Minnesota (Ms. KLO- Commission to prepare a report to Con- mission. BUCHAR) and the Senator from New gress outlining additional tools that (2) VOICE SERVICE.—The term ‘‘voice serv- ice’’ means any service that furnishes voice Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) were added are going to be needed for different as cosponsors of S. Res. 349, a resolu- communications to an end user using re- kinds of spoofing practices because of sources from the North American Numbering tion congratulating the Farm Credit new technologies. The FCC a few years Plan or any successor to the North American System on the celebration of its 100th ago provided its recommendations to Numbering Plan adopted by the Commission anniversary. Congress on how to update the law to under section 251(e)(1) of the Communica- f keep pace with technology and the use tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 251(e)(1)). STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED of it by criminals. SEC. 3. EXPANDING AND CLARIFYING PROHIBI- Senator FISCHER and I have intro- TION ON MISLEADING OR INAC- BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS duced a bill today that responds to the CURATE CALLER IDENTIFICATION By Mr. NELSON (for himself and INFORMATION. FCC’s report, recommendations, and (a) COMMUNICATIONS FROM OUTSIDE UNITED Mrs. FISCHER): their requests, and it builds on the 2010 STATES.—Section 227(e)(1) of the Commu- S. 2558. A bill to expand the prohibi- act on phone scams to keep up with the nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(1)) is tion on misleading or inaccurate caller new kind of spoofing because they are amended by striking ‘‘in connection with identification information, and for now much more sophisticated. We need any telecommunications service or IP-en- other purposes; to the Committee on to make sure there are consumer pro- abled voice service’’ and inserting ‘‘or any Commerce, Science, and Transpor- tections and tools for law enforcement person outside the United States if the re- tation. to keep up. That is why this legislation cipient of the call is within the United Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, we all we introduced today is important. It is States, in connection with any voice service or text messaging service’’. know how our senior citizens have been called the Spoofing Prevention Act of the victims of spoofing. Well, that is (b) COVERAGE OF TEXT MESSAGES AND VOICE 2016. It would extend the current prohi- SERVICES.—Section 227(e)(8) of the Commu- happening to a lot of our fellow citi- bition in law on caller ID spoofing to nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(8)) is zens, no matter what the age is, be- text messages and to calls coming from amended— cause fraudulent and abusive phoning outside the United States, as well as (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘tele- scams are plaguing thousands of Amer- from all forms of voice over Internet communications service or IP-enabled voice icans each year. These deceitful prac- protocol services. For the first time, service’’ and inserting ‘‘voice service or a tices are causing very serious harm to this bill would have access to informa- text message sent using a text messaging victims by fake messages coming tion to go after these criminals in a service’’; across often that cause the receiver to (2) in the first sentence of subparagraph centralized location on current tech- (B), by striking ‘‘telecommunications service respond with some kind of financial nologies available to protect them or IP-enabled voice service’’ and inserting transaction or the giving up of a credit against this sophisticated type of ‘‘voice service or a text message sent using a card number. criminal. It does so by directing the text messaging service’’; and The Commerce Committee and the FCC to publish and regularly update a (3) by striking subparagraph (C) and insert- Aging Committee have explored the report on existing tools. ing the following: impact of these scams, and by one ac- The act also directs the Government ‘‘(C) TEXT MESSAGE.—The term ‘text mes- count consumers continue to lose mil- Accountability Office to conduct a re- sage’— lions of dollars each year to fraudulent port to assess government and private ‘‘(i) means a message consisting of text, phone scams, many of which originate sector work being done to curb this images, sounds, or other information that is transmitted from or received by a device in other countries. The impact of these spoofing, as well as what new meas- that is identified as the transmitting or re- scams are very real to the consumers ures, including technological solutions, ceiving device by means of a 10-digit tele- who suffer. can be taken to prevent this. phone number; For example, one old poor soul took I urge our colleagues to join Senator ‘‘(ii) includes a short message service his life last year after spending thou- FISCHER and me in supporting this act (commonly referred to as ‘SMS’) message, an

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:08 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.015 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S913 enhanced message service (commonly re- (3) current efforts by industry groups and Whereas the victory marks the third Super ferred to as ‘EMS’) message, and a multi- other entities to develop technical standards Bowl title for the Denver Broncos; media message service (commonly referred to deter or prevent the fraudulent provision Whereas the Broncos’ appearance in the to as ‘MMS’) message; and of misleading or inaccurate caller identifica- Super Bowl was their National Football ‘‘(iii) does not include a real-time, 2-way tion information, and how such standards League record-tying eighth appearance; voice or video communication. may help combat the current and future pro- Whereas quarterback Peyton Manning ‘‘(D) TEXT MESSAGING SERVICE.—The term vision of misleading or inaccurate caller earned his 200th career win; ‘text messaging service’ means a service that identification information; and Whereas linebacker Von Miller earned the permits the transmission or receipt of a text (4) whether there are additional actions Most Valuable Player award while recording message, including a service provided as part the Commission, the Federal Trade Commis- 2 1⁄2 sacks and 2 forced fumbles; of or in connection with a voice service. sion, and Congress should take to combat Whereas running back C.J. Anderson ‘‘(E) VOICE SERVICE.—The term ‘voice serv- the fraudulent provision of misleading or in- rushed for 90 yards and 1 touchdown; ice’ means any service that furnishes voice accurate caller identification information. Whereas wide receiver Emmanuel Sanders communications to an end user using re- (c) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months caught 6 passes for 83 yards; sources from the North American Numbering after the date of enactment of this Act, the Whereas defensive tackle Malik Jackson Plan or any successor to the North American Comptroller General shall submit to the recorded 5 tackles and a defensive touch- Numbering Plan adopted by the Commission Committee on Commerce, Science, and down; under section 251(e)(1).’’. Transportation of the Senate and the Com- Whereas wide receiver Jordan Norwood’s (c) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 227(e) mittee on Energy and Commerce of the 61-yard punt return was the longest in Super of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. House of Representatives a report on the Bowl history; 227(e)) is amended in the heading by insert- findings of the study under subsection (a), Whereas head coach Gary Kubiak led the ing ‘‘MISLEADING OR ’’ before ‘‘INACCURATE’’. including any recommendations regarding team to a Super Bowl victory in his first sea- (d) REGULATIONS.— combating the fraudulent provision of mis- son as head coach of the Broncos; (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 227(e)(3)(A) of the leading or inaccurate caller identification Whereas defensive coordinator Wade Phil- Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. information. lips won the National Football League As- 227(e)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘Not SEC. 6. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. sistant Coach of the Year award; later than 6 months after the date of enact- (a) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this Act, or Whereas Owner Pat Bowlen and the Bowlen ment of the Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009, the amendments made by this Act, shall be family have owned the Denver Broncos since the Commission’’ and inserting ‘‘The Com- construed to modify, limit, or otherwise af- 1984 and led the team to 7 American Football mission’’. fect any rule or order adopted by the Com- Conference championships and 3 Super Bowl (2) DEADLINE.—The Federal Communica- mission in connection with— victories, and the Broncos have the third- tions Commission shall prescribe regulations (1) the Telephone Consumer Protection Act highest winning percentage among all pro- to implement the amendments made by this of 1991 (Public Law 102–243; 105 Stat. 2394) or fessional sports teams during that period; section not later than 18 months after the the amendments made by that Act; or Whereas Executive Vice President of Foot- date of enactment of this Act. (2) the CAN–SPAM Act of 2003 (15 U.S.C. ball Operations and General Manager of the (e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments 7701 et seq.). Denver Broncos, John Elway, has helped lead made by this section shall take effect on the (b) ADDITIONAL.—Nothing in this Act, or the Broncos to 2 Super Bowl appearances in date that is 6 months after the date on which the amendments made by this Act, shall be 5 seasons; and the Commission prescribes regulations under construed— Whereas the Denver Broncos football team subsection (d). (1) to mean that a text messaging service has proudly represented the City of Denver SEC. 4. REPORT ON EXISTING TECHNOLOGICAL (as defined in section 227(e)(8) of the Commu- and the State of Colorado, and all of the SOLUTIONS TO COMBAT MIS- nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(8)) is a loyal Broncos fans: Now, therefore, be it LEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER telecommunications service under title II of Resolved, That the Senate— IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION. the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. (1) congratulates the Denver Broncos for (a) PUBLICATION OF REPORT.—Not later 201 et seq.), or require or direct the Commis- winning Super Bowl 50; than 1 year after the date of enactment of sion to classify a text messaging service as a (2) recognizes the achievements of all the this Act, and annually thereafter, the Com- telecommunications service; players, coaches, and staff who contributed mission shall publish on the website of the (2) to mean that an interconnected VoIP to the victory; and Commission a report that identifies existing service (as defined in section 9.3 of title 47, (3) requests that the Secretary of the Sen- technology solutions that a consumer can Code of Federal Regulations, or any suc- ate prepare an official copy of this resolution use to protect the consumer against mis- cessor regulation) or a non-interconnected for presentation to— leading or inaccurate caller identification VoIP service (as defined in section (A) the Owner of the Denver Broncos, Pat information. 64.601(a)(23) of title 47, Code of Federal Regu- Bowlen; (b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—In preparing the lations, or any successor regulation) is a (B) the President and CEO of the Denver report under subsection (a), the Commission telecommunications service under title II of Broncos, Joe Ellis; shall— the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. (C) the Head Coach of the Denver Broncos, (1) analyze existing technologies that can 201 et seq.), or require or direct the Commis- Gary Kubiak. enable consumers to guard against mis- sion to classify an interconnected VoIP serv- f leading or inaccurate caller identification ice or a non-interconnected VoIP service as a information; telecommunications service; or NOTICE OF INTENT TO OBJECT TO (2) describe how the technologies described (3) to modify, limit, or otherwise affect the PROCEEDING in paragraph (1) protect consumers; and authority of the Commission to determine (3) detail how voice service subscribers can the scope of any other provision of the Com- I, Senator CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, in- obtain access to the technologies described munications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) tend to object to proceeding to the in paragraph (1). and its applicability to any voice service, in- nomination of Mary Katherine Wake- SEC. 5. GAO REPORT ON COMBATING THE cluding an interconnected VoIP service or a field, to be Deputy Secretary of Health FRAUDULENT PROVISION OF MIS- non-interconnected VoIP service, or text and Human Services; dated February LEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER messaging service. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION. 22, 2016. (a) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General f f of the United States shall conduct a study of SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS the actions the Commission and the Federal NOTICES OF HEARINGS Trade Commission have taken to combat the COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, fraudulent provision of misleading or inac- SENATE RESOLUTION 371—CON- AND PENSIONS curate caller identification information, and GRATULATING THE DENVER the additional measures that could be taken Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, the to combat such activity. BRONCOS FOR WINNING SUPER Committee on Health, Education, (b) REQUIRED CONSIDERATIONS.—In con- BOWL 50 Labor, and Pensions will meet during ducting the study under subsection (a), the Mr. GARDNER (for himself and Mr. the session of the Senate on February Comptroller General shall examine— BENNET) submitted the following reso- 23, 2016, at 10 a.m., in room SD–430 of (1) trends in the types of scams that rely lution; which was considered and the Dirksen Senate Office Building, to on misleading or inaccurate caller identifica- agreed to: conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘ESSA Im- tion information; plementation in States and School Dis- (2) previous and current enforcement ac- S. RES 371 tions by the Commission and the Federal Whereas, on February 7, 2016, the Denver tricts: Perspectives from Education Trade Commission to combat the practices Broncos won Super Bowl 50, defeating the Leaders.’’ prohibited by section 227(e)(1) of the Commu- Carolina Panthers by a score of 24-10 at For further information regarding nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(1)); Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara, California; this meeting, please contact Jake

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:24 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.034 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S914 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 22, 2016 Baker of the committee staff on (202) The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without There being no objection, the Senate 224–8484. objection, it is so ordered. proceeded to consider the bill. COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, The clerk will report the bill by title. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I AND PENSIONS The senior assistant legislative clerk ask unanimous consent that the bill be Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, the read as follows: read a third time and passed and the Committee on Health, Education, A bill (H.R. 3262) to provide for the convey- motion to reconsider be considered Labor, and Pensions will meet during ance of land of the Illiana Health Care Sys- made and laid upon the table. the session of the Senate on February tem of the Department of Veterans Affairs in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 24, 2016, at 10 a.m., in room SD–430 of Danville, Illinois. objection, it is so ordered. the Dirksen Senate Office Building, to There being no objection, the Senate The bill (H.R. 4056) was ordered to a conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘Zika proceeded to consider the bill. third reading, was read the third time, Virus: Addressing the Growing Public Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I and passed. Health Threat.’’ ask unanimous consent that the bill be f For further information regarding read a third time and passed and the OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES this meeting, please contact Jamie motion to reconsider be considered CONGRESSIONAL GOLD METAL Garden of the committee staff on (202) made and laid upon the table. ACT 224–0623. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I AND PENSIONS The bill (H.R. 3262) was ordered to a ask unanimous consent that the Com- Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, the third reading, was read the third time, mittee on Banking, Housing, and Committee on Health, Education, and passed. Urban Affairs be discharged from fur- ther consideration of S. 2234 and the Labor, and Pensions will meet during f the session of the Senate on February Senate proceed to its immediate con- 25, 2016, at 2 p.m., in room SD–430 of the EXTENDING THE DEADLINE FOR sideration. Dirksen Senate Office Building, to con- THE SUBMITTAL OF THE FINAL The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without duct a hearing entitled ‘‘Nomination of REPORT REQUIRED BY THE COM- objection, it is so ordered. Dr. John King to serve as Secretary of MISSION ON CARE The clerk will report the bill by title. Education.’’ Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The senior assistant legislative clerk For further information regarding ask unanimous consent that the Com- read as follows: this meeting, please contact Jake mittee on Veterans’ Affairs be dis- A bill (S. 2234) to award the Congressional Baker of the committee staff on (202) charged from further consideration of Gold Medal, collectively, to the members of 224–8484. H.R. 4437 and the Senate proceed to its the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in rec- immediate consideration. ognition of their superior service and major f contributions during World War II. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without REVISING THE BOUNDARIES OF objection, it is so ordered. There being no objection, the Senate CERTAIN JOHN H. CHAFEE The clerk will report the bill by title. proceeded to consider the bill. COASTAL BARRIER RESOURCES The senior assistant legislative clerk Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I SYSTEM UNITS IN FLORIDA read as follows: ask unanimous consent that the bill be read a third time and passed and the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I A bill (H.R. 4437) to extend the deadline for ask unanimous consent that the Com- the submittal of the final report required by motion to reconsider be considered mittee on Environment and Public the Commission on Care. made and laid upon the table. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Works be discharged from further con- There being no objection, the Senate objection, it is so ordered. sideration of H.R. 890 and the Senate proceeded to consider the bill. The bill (S. 2234) was ordered to be proceed to its immediate consider- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I engrossed for a third reading, was read ation. ask unanimous consent that the bill be the third time, and passed, as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without read a third time and passed and the objection, it is so ordered. motion to reconsider be considered S. 2234 The clerk will report the bill by title. made and laid upon the table. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- The senior assistant legislative clerk The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, read as follows: objection, it is so ordered. A bill (H.R. 890) to revise the boundaries of The bill (H.R. 4437) was ordered to a SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Office of certain John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Re- third reading, was read the third time, sources System units in Florida. Strategic Services Congressional Gold Medal and passed. There being no objection, the Senate Act’’. proceeded to consider the bill. f SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I CONVEYING TO THE FLORIDA DE- (1) The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) ask unanimous consent that the bill be PARTMENT OF VETERANS AF- was America’s first effort to implement a read a third time and passed and the FAIRS PROPERTY KNOWN AS system of strategic intelligence during motion to reconsider be considered ‘‘THE COMMUNITY LIVING CEN- World War II and provided the basis for the made and laid upon the table. TER’’ modern-day American intelligence and spe- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cial operations communities. The U.S. Spe- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I objection, it is so ordered. cial Operations Command and the National ask unanimous consent that the Com- Clandestine Service chose the OSS spearhead The bill (H.R. 890) was ordered to a mittee on Veterans’ Affairs be dis- third reading, was read the third time, as their insignias. charged from further consideration of (2) OSS founder General William J. Dono- and passed. H.R. 4056 and the Senate proceed to its van is the only person in American history f immediate consideration. to receive our Nation’s four highest decora- PROVIDING FOR THE CONVEYANCE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tions, including the Medal of Honor. Upon OF LAND OF THE ILLIANA objection, it is so ordered. learning of his death in 1959, President Ei- The clerk will report the bill by title. senhower called General Donovan the ‘‘last HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF THE hero’’. In addition to founding and leading DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AF- The senior assistant legislative clerk the OSS, General Donovan was also selected FAIRS read as follows: by President Roosevelt, who called him his Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I A bill (H.R. 4056) to direct the Secretary of ‘‘secret legs’’, as an emissary to Great Brit- ask unanimous consent that the Com- Veterans Affairs to convey to the Florida ain and continental Europe before the United Department of Veterans Affairs all right, States entered World War II. mittee on Veterans’ Affairs be dis- title, and interest of the United States to the (3) All the military branches during World charged from further consideration of property known as ‘‘The Community Living War II contributed personnel to the OSS. H.R. 3262 and the Senate proceed to its Center’’ at the Lake Baldwin Veterans Af- The present-day Special Operations Forces immediate consideration. fairs Outpatient Clinic, Orlando, Florida. trace their lineage to the OSS. Its Maritime

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:08 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A22FE6.041 S22FEPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE February 22, 2016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S915 Unit was a precursor to the U.S. Navy aided by the networks established and infor- There being no objection, the Senate SEALs. The OSS Operational Groups and mation acquired by the OSS to guide Allied proceeded to consider the resolution. Jedburghs were forerunners to U.S. Army landings. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Special Forces. The 801st/492nd Bombard- (15) OSS Operation Halyard rescued more ment Group (‘‘Carpetbaggers’’) were pro- than 500 downed airmen trapped behind ask unanimous consent that the reso- genitors to the Air Force Special Operations enemy lines in Yugoslavia, one of the most lution be agreed to, the preamble be Command. The Marines who served in the daring and successful rescue operations of agreed to, and the motions to recon- OSS, including the actor Sterling Hayden (a World War II. sider be considered made and laid upon Silver Star recipient), Col. William Eddy (a (16) OSS ‘‘Mercy Missions’’ at the end of the table with no intervening action or Distinguished Service Cross recipient who World War II saved the lives of thousands of debate. was described as the ‘‘nearest thing the Allied prisoners of war whom it was feared The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United States has had to a Lawrence of Ara- would be murdered by the Japanese. objection, it is so ordered. bia’’), and Col. Peter Ortiz (a two-time Navy (17) The handful of surviving men and Cross recipient), were predecessors to the women of the OSS whom General Donovan The resolution (S. Res. 371) was Marine Special Operations Command. U.S. said performed ‘‘some of the bravest acts of agreed to. Coast Guard personnel were recruited for the the war’’ are members of the ‘‘Greatest Gen- The preamble was agreed to. Maritime Unit and its Operational Swimmer eration’’. They have never been collectively (The resolution, with its preamble, is Group. recognized for their heroic and pioneering printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- (4) The OSS organized, trained, supplied, service in World War II. mitted Resolutions.’’) and fought with resistance organizations SEC. 3. CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL. throughout Europe and Asia that played an (a) PRESENTATION AUTHORIZED.—The f important role in America’s victory during Speaker of the House of Representatives and ORDERS FOR TUESDAY, World War II. General Eisenhower credited the President pro tempore of the Senate the OSS’s covert contribution in France to shall make appropriate arrangements for the FEBRUARY 23, 2016 the equivalent to having an extra military presentation, on behalf of the Congress, of a Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I division. General Eisenhower told General gold medal of appropriate design in com- ask unanimous consent that when the Donovan that if it did nothing else, the pho- memoration to the members of the Office of Senate completes its business today, it tographic reconnaissance conducted by the Strategic Services (OSS), in recognition of OSS prior to the D-Day Invasion justified its their superior service and major contribu- adjourn until 10 a.m. tomorrow, Tues- creation. tions during World War II. day, February 23; that following the (5) Four future directors of central intel- (b) DESIGN AND STRIKING.—For purposes of prayer and pledge, the morning hour be ligence served as OSS officers: William the presentation referred to in subsection deemed expired, the Journal of pro- Casey, William Colby, Allen Dulles, and (a), the Secretary of the Treasury (referred ceedings be approved to date, and the Richard Helms. to in this Act as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall time for the two leaders be reserved for (6) Women comprised more than one-third strike a gold medal with suitable emblems, their use later in the day; further, that of OSS personnel and played a critical role in devices, and inscriptions, to be determined the organization. They included Virginia by the Secretary. following leader remarks, the Senate Hall, the only civilian female to receive a (c) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.— resume consideration of the Califf Distinguished Service Cross in World War II, (1) IN GENERAL.—Following the award of nomination postcloture; further, that and Julia Child. the gold medal in commemoration to the the Senate recess from 12:30 p.m. to 2:15 (7) OSS recruited Fritz Kolbe, a German members of the Office of Strategic Services p.m. to allow for the weekly conference diplomat who became America’s most impor- under subsection (a), the gold medal shall be meetings; finally, that all time during given to the Smithsonian Institution, where tant spy against the Nazis in World War II. the recess and adjournment of the Sen- (8) America’s leading scientists and schol- it will be displayed as appropriate and made ars served in the OSS Research and Analysis available for research. ate count postcloture on the nomina- Branch, including Ralph Bunche, the first (2) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of tion. African-American to receive the Nobel Peace Congress that the Smithsonian Institution The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Prize; Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Ar- should make the gold medal received under objection, it is so ordered. thur Schlesinger, Jr.; Supreme Court Justice paragraph (1) available for display elsewhere, f Arthur Goldberg; Sherman Kent; John King particularly at other appropriate locations Fairbank; and Walt Rostow. Its ranks in- associated with the Office of Strategic Serv- ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. cluded seven future presidents of the Amer- ices. TOMORROW ican Historical Association, five of the SEC. 4. DUPLICATE MEDALS. American Economic Association, and two The Secretary may strike and sell dupli- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, if Nobel laureates. cates in bronze of the gold medal struck pur- there is no further business to come be- (9) The U.S. Department of State’s Bureau suant to section 3 under such regulations as fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- of Intelligence and Research traces its cre- the Secretary may prescribe, at a price suffi- sent that it stand adjourned under the ation to the OSS Research and Analysis cient to cover the cost thereof, including previous order. Branch. labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, and There being no objection, the Senate, (10) James Donovan, who was portrayed by overhead expenses, and the cost of the gold Tom Hanks in the Steven Spielberg movie medal. at 6:56 p.m., adjourned until Tuesday, ‘‘Bridge of Spies’’ and negotiated the release SEC. 5. STATUS OF MEDALS. February 23, 2016, at 10 a.m. of U–2 pilot Francis Gary Powers, served as (a) NATIONAL MEDALS.—The medals struck f General Counsel of the OSS. pursuant to this Act are national medals for (11) The OSS invented and employed new purposes of chapter 51 of title 31, United NOMINATIONS technology through its Research and Devel- States Code. Executive nominations received by (b) NUMISMATIC ITEMS.—For purposes of opment Branch, inventing new weapons and the Senate: revolutionary communications equipment. section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, Dr. Christian Lambertsen invented the first all medals struck under this Act shall be DEPARTMENT OF STATE underwater rebreathing apparatus that was considered to be numismatic items. CHRISTINE ANN ELDER, OF KENTUCKY, A CAREER first utilized by the OSS and is known today f MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF as SCUBA. COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND CONGRATULATING THE DENVER PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (12) OSS Detachment 101 operated in TO THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA. Burma and pioneered the art of unconven- BRONCOS FOR WINNING SUPER ELIZABETH HOLZHALL RICHARD, OF VIRGINIA, A CA- BOWL 50 REER MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, tional warfare. It was the first United States CLASS OF MINISTER–COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR unit to deploy a large guerrilla army deep in Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I EXTRAORDINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE enemy territory. It has been credited with UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE LEBANESE REPUB- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- LIC. the highest kill/loss ratio for any infantry- ate proceed to the consideration of S. type unit in American military history and FOREIGN SERVICE Res. 371, submitted earlier today. was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation. THE FOLLOWING–NAMED CAREER MEMBER OF THE (13) Its X–2 branch pioneered counterintel- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF clerk will report the resolution by COMMERCE FOR PROMOTION WITHIN THE SENIOR FOR- ligence with the British and established the EIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, modern counterintelligence community. The title. CLASS OF CAREER MINISTER: network of contacts built by the OSS with The senior assistant legislative clerk JOHN MCCASLIN, OF OHIO foreign intelligence services led to enduring read as follows: THE FOLLOWING–NAMED CAREER MEMBERS OF THE Cold War alliances. A resolution (S. Res. 371) congratulating FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOR PROMOTION WITHIN THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE (14) Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of the Denver Broncos for winning Super Bowl OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CLASS OF MIN- French North Africa in November 1942, was 50. ISTER–COUNSELOR:

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LAURIE FARRIS, OF CALIFORNIA DONALD GILBERT ROMERO ERIC W. BEEBE CYNTHIA GRIFFIN, OF VIRGINIA SHIN H. SOH LAUREN R. BEERS DONALD NAY, OF FLORIDA JEFFREY C. SOLHEIM CHRISTOPHER CURTIS BEETS RICHARD STEFFENS, OF NEW JERSEY CHRISTOPHER A. WATSON GREGORY S. BEHELER THE FOLLOWING–NAMED CAREER MEMBERS OF THE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JOSHUA M. BEHLER FOREIGN SERVICE FOR PROMOTION INTO THE SENIOR TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR ANDREW D. BEHM ANTHONY M. BEHNEY FOREIGN SERVICE, AS A CAREER MEMBER OF THE SEN- FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: GRANT W. BEHNING IOR FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF To be major THOMAS M. BEIER AMERICA, CLASS OF COUNSELOR: MICHAEL S. BELLISS CHRISTOPHER F. ABBOTT CYNTHIA BIGGS, OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM DONALD BELVILLE, JR. JASON W. ABSHIRE DANIEL CROCKER, OF CALIFORNIA KIMBERLY BENDER PRISCILLA M. ADAMS ROSEMARY GALLANT, OF CONNECTICUT BRYANT R. BENEFIEL DAVID BRUCE ADAMSON JONATHAN HEIMER, OF NEW YORK JOSEPH M. BENJAMIN DENNIS A. ADEZAS NICHOLAS KUCHOVA, OF FLORIDA DUSTIN R. BENNETT JEFFREY DONALD ADLING BRYAN LARSON, OF COLORADO JOSHUA N. BENNETT JAMES RIGASSIO, OF NEW JERSEY CHIKAODI H. AKALAONU DANIEL A. BERGERON CHRISTOPHER R. ALBA LINDSEY L. BERGERON IN THE ARMY SHAWN ALCOCK JOHN H. BERGMANS BARNEY B. ALES KYLE BERGREN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CURTIS M. ALEXANDER IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED JULIAN G. BERMUDEZ BRIAN TAYLOR ALLEN CHRISTOPHER E. BERNARDO WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND JOSEPH R. ALLEN RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: PAUL J. BERNARDS JOSHUA B. ALLEN LEE M. BERRA To be general RYAN G. ALLEN BRIAN F. BERRY STEVEN M. ALLEN MATTHEW A. BERRY GEN. JOSEPH L. VOTEL RICHARD S. ALLRED DONNA M. BESLEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT LENORA A. ALVA JOAN ADDISON BETANCES JORGE IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED CHRISTOPHER D. AMBROSON VELICE BETSAYAD II WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND JOSHUA W. AMES PAUL M. BICKFORD RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: LANCE J. ANDERS MICHAEL D. BIEDERMAN ANDREW D. ANDERSON MICHAEL W. BIEN To be general BRIAN H. ANDERSON MELISSA BIERMA DANIEL ROBERT ANDERSON LT. GEN. RAYMOND A. THOMAS III ARTHUR J. BIERZONSKI HILLERY N. ANDERSON BRIAN L. BIGGERSTAFF THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JEFFREY K. ANDERSON AARON M. BIGLER IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS JOHN A. ANDERSON AARON N. BIGNAULT TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- KYLE T. ANDERSON JOE G. BILES TIONS 624 AND 3064: LEE E. ANDERSON GREGORY J. BINE To be major general MICHAEL DAVID ANDERSON ERIC BIRCH TIMOTHY D. ANDERSON MACKENZIE J. BIRCHENOUGH BRIG. GEN. PATRICK D. SARGENT TIMOTHY S. ANDERSON CORRINE RENE BIRD BRIG. GEN. ROBERT D. TENHET WARREN LINDEN ANDERSON NATHAN S. BISCHOPING THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT NATHAN N. ANDING CALEB J. BISSETT IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS TO THE RYAN D. ANDREASEN JOSEPH M. BISSON GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 JUSTIN R. ANDRESS MATTHEW S. BITTNER AND 3064: JONATHAN FISHER ANDREW BRETT W. BLACK BLYTHE A. ANDREWS CHRISTOPHER J. BLACK To be brigadier general KIRK ANDREWS JOSEPH B. BLANC SCOTT ANDREWS BENJAMIN JAMES BLANCHET COL. JEFFREY J. JOHNSON TOBY A. ANDREWS AMY C. BLANCO COL. RONALD T. STEPHENS JUSTIN ALAN ANKENBRUCK DAVID M. BLANKENSTEIN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT VALERIE J. ANNUNZIATA JOHN A. BLASE IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS CHRISTOPHER J. ANTHONY BRYAN D. BLASY TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- ADRIAN DUANE ANULEWICZ ERIC CRAIG BLATTNER TIONS 624 AND 3064: EUMIR C. ARCEO ERIC J. BLISS JONATHAN R. AREHART JASON R. BLODZINSKI To be brigadier general DONALD T. ARETZ MATTHEW SCOTT BLYSTONE COL. DENNIS P. LEMASTER MARC A. ARMBRUSTER KLAYTON S. BOBSEIN COL. MICHAEL J. TALLEY CHARLES E. ARMSTRONG III DUSTIN C. BODINE NATHAN L. ARNESON JEREMY A. BOEING IN THE MARINE CORPS JAMES D. ARNOLD DAVID F. BOETTCHER ANDREW D. ARNOTT MATTHEW RICK BOGGESS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARGARET E. ARRINGTON JOSEPH P. BOGGS IN THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS TO THE GRADE NICHOLAS D. ARTHUR BRETT BOHN INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: THOMAS S. ASHMAN CHRISTOPHER A. BOHNER To be brigadier general JACOB S. ASHMORE RONALD L. BOISVERT TREVOR M. ASHOUR CHARLES BOLER IV COL. SCOTT F. BENEDICT KEATON B. ASKEW JASON W. BOMAN COL. JASON Q. BOHM JEREMY J. ATHERTON ANTHONY T. BOMBACI COL. BRIAN W. CAVANAUGH CLAYTON J. AUNE LATASHA N. BONE COL. DANIEL B. CONLEY MATTHEW A. AUSTIN NATHAN BOONE COL. FRANCIS L. DONOVAN JASON MATTHEW AYERS SARAH B. BOOTH COL. RYAN P. HERITAGE JOHN P. AYERS WILLIAM B. BOOTH COL. CHRISTOPHER A. MCPHILLIPS JARED T. BAAN JACOB A. BOTELLO COL. WILLIAM H. SEELY III ANDREW J. BAER TIMOTHY F. BOTH COL. ROBERT B. SOFGE, JR. RYAN S. BAGBY JOSEPH A. BOUDREAU COL. MATTHEW G. TROLLINGER MICHAEL DOUGLAS BAGLEY JEREMY J. BOUDREAUX IN THE AIR FORCE AARON J. BAHR TODD A. BOURGEOIS CLAYTON L. BAILEY DANIEL P. BOYARSKI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT KEVIN M. BAILEY ADAM R. BOYD TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR KYLE W. BAILEY DANIEL H. BOYD FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: STEPHEN J. BAILEY PAUL DANIAL BOZZO ADAM L. BAKER STEPHANIE M. BRADFORD To be lieutenant colonel ERIK M. BAKER EDWARD A. BRADY JAMES B. ANDERSON JAMES E. BAKER JOEL C. BRAGG ROBERT E. BORGER JASON B. BAKER MEHUL J. BRAHMBHATT WILLIAM J. BRASWELL JOHN P. BAKER SCOTT BRANCO GARY A. COBURN SEAN L. BAKER EMILY E. BRAND DARREN B. DUNCAN JONATHAN N. BALL JOEL BRAUN LANCE K. GIANNONE MICHAEL BALL NICHOLAS BRAUN MARSHALL E. MACCLELLAN BRANDON M. BALLARD GIAN P. BREHM SHAWN L. MENCHION GREGORY R. BALZHISER STEVEN C. BRENOSKIE ROBERT J. MONAGLE MARISSA L. BANDUCCI DAVID E. BREWER III ERIK W. NELSON JOHN D. BANKER CULLEN RICHARD BREWSTER KRISTINA Y. NYBERG JAMES P. BANTA WILLIAM D. BRIDGES RONALD R. RAGON COLIN V. BARCUS SARAH MARIE BRILL STEVEN R. RICHARDSON ALLISON M. BARKALOW PAUL D. BRISKI JOHN G. SACKETT BRANDON J. BARKAUSKAS MICHAEL R. BRODERICK HERBERT C. SHAO RAY WRIGHT BARKLEY, JR. JAMES R. BROOKS HYRAL B. WALKER, JR. WILLIAM S. BARKSDALE ANTHONY M. BROWN, JR. COURTNEY LANDIS BARNETT APRIL E. BROWN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT NICHOLAS V. BARNHART CODY M. BROWN TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR PETER MICHAEL BARRETT, JR. ELIZABETH BROWN FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JOHN D. BARRINGER GREGORY P. BROWN To be major ANTONY J. BARRIOS JASON C. BROWN ARA P. BARTEMES JASON D. BROWN JEREMY V. BASTIAN MATTHEW G. BARTOMEO JERMAINE ANTHONY BROWN MICHAEL D. BRAM STEPHANIE S. BASKETT JESSICA E. BROWN KEVIN H. CHELF DAVID J. BATES NICHOLAS N. BROWN MATTHEW A. CLOUSE MOZAMBIQUE L. BATTS ERIC A. BROWNING JAYME L. KENDALL ANDREW T. BAYDALA MICHAEL HOWARD BROWNLEE JOSHUA P. KING CRAIG M. BAYER ERIC M. BROYLES RONALD S. KISER PAUL M. BEACH TEIA M. BRUMGARD WADE S. MATUSKA JOSEPHINE BEACHAM ERIC W. BRUTON DAVID S. MERRIFIELD DEVIN A. BECKWITH BRANDON R. BRYAN ONYEMA G. OKORIE BRIAN D. BEEARS MATTHEW J. BRYAN

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ADAM BUCHANAN CHRISTOPHER D. COLEMAN ANTHONY JOSEPH DORAZIO JAMES M. BUCHANAN IAN Y. COLEMAN AARON JOSEPH DOVE TIMOTHY W. BUCHER MICHAEL T. COLEMAN THOMAS R. DOWD CHRISTOPHER R. BUGG CHRISTOPHER J. COLEY DAVID E. DRAKE, JR. SARAH K. BULINSKI JAMES E. COLLINS LUKE C. DRAS DAVID P. BULL, JR. NATHAN S. COLLINS ANGELICA M. DREXEL DAVID E. BULLOCK WHIT A. COLLINS CALVIN J. DSILVA JAMES D. BULLOCK LUIS COLON DAVID M. DUBEL JASON WAYNE BULLOCK MONICA CONNOLLY GARRET E. DUFF BRUSSELL C. BUNGAY ROSS A. CONRAD JASON MICHAEL DUHON JUNELENE MONZON BUNGAY CHARLES D. COOK ROBERT L. DUKART JOSEPH J. BURCHELL MEGAN E. COOPER TONY NEAL DUKE MARTIN P. BURDEN MARIO F. COOPERPADILLA MICHAEL R. DUMAS KRISTA BURES ROBERT H. COPLEY TYLER M. DUNCAN BRENT W. BURGE DAVID S. CORDELL JANE R. DUNN PATRICK J. BURKE KENNETH K. CORIGLIANO JOHN DAVID DURAY SCOTT A. BURKEY CHRISTOPHER SAMUEL CORNISH PATRICK W. DUVALL RUSSELL BURKHARD SEAN P. CORRIGAN BRANDON DVERGSTEN JARRED L. BURLEY JAMES M. COTHAM MATTHEW T. DVORSKY ANDREW R. BURNS CLAYTON W. COUCH PETER J. DYRUD JEFFREY M. BURNS JEFFREY E. COVERDALE JUSTIN H. EAGAN BENJAMIN M. BURR TIMOTHY E. COWAN SETH W. EASTMAN ALAN C. BURWELL RYAN A. COX NATHANIEL G. EATON BRIAN S. BUTLER SCOTT J. COX SCOTT R. EBERLE JARED RHETT BUTLER TIMOTHY A. COX NICHOLAS L. EBERLING NATHANIEL BUTLER ELIZABETH CRAMER JONATHAN P. EDWARDS KENNETH L. BYRD BRIAN AUGUSTE CRAWFORD RYAN V. EGAN MAGNO L. CABIAO SUZANNE M. CRESPO VALENTIN CHRISTOPHER S. EHLERS MICHAEL CADY MICHAEL A. CREW JAMES B. ELLIOT STEVEN JAMES CAIN DAVID NICHOLAS CRISCIONE SHAWN R. ELLIOTT ANDREW I. CALHOUN ALEXANDER G. CRISS DALE R. ELLIS II CHRISTOPHER N. CALLAS CLAYTON DAVID CROSS JESSE J. ELLIS KEVIN A. CALLOWAY CLYDE A. CROSS II JAMES D. ELLISON TIMOTHY I. CALVER JUSTIN T. CROTEAU JUSTIN D. ELLSWORTH LUIS CALVO SHAWN CROWE ANTHONY BAXTER ELMS SANTIAGO CAMACHO, JR. STEPHEN JEREMY CUBAS STEPHEN P. EMBORSKI WILLIAM J. CAMP PETER F. CULBERT ANDREW J. EMBRY JOHN P. CAMPANA CHRISTOPHER A. CULVER AUSTIN R. EMERY CALEB PHILIP CAMPBELL CURTIS B. CULVER JACOB ENGLISH JONATHON M. CAMPBELL RYAN M. CUMMINGS RYAN E. ENLOW ROBERT D. CAMPBELL EDDIE F. CUNNINGHAM BRIAN D. ENO JOHN J. CAMPION HARRISON E. CUNNINGHAM TRAVIS R. EPP MATTHEW S. CAMPISE ANTHONY V. DAGOSTINO COREY M. ERICKSON SETH M. CANNON JUSTIN P. DAGOSTINO ADAM ERTSEY ELLEN MARIE GETZELMAN CANUP SYLVESTER A. DAGRELLA TYLER E. ESKE MARGOT C. CAPELL ARYAN L. DALE STACY M. ESKRIDGE MICHAEL L. CAPRA JOSHUA M. DALEIDEN GIOVANNA ESPEGIO TIMOTHY J. CARBINO KYLE L. DALZIEL JOSEPH R. ESPLIN MARVIN G. CARDER, JR. ANTHONY P. DAMATO CASSANDRA M. ESPY ALICIA D. CAREY TRAVIS A. DANIELS ROBERT ESPY ERIC B. CAREY DENISHA L. DARCUS ALEXANDER O. ESSON ALEXANDRA L. CARICO JAMES A. DARLSON NICHOLAS ESTEP JOHNNY C. CARLISLE WALTER J. DARNELL III JOHN R. ETHREDGE MATTHEW R. CARPENTER ANDREW R. DARTT JOSEPH T. EVANS BRANDON M. CARTER DIBYA DAS JOSHUA J. EVANS JEFFREY P. CARTER SKYLER R. DAVENPORT DUSTIN M. FAIRCLOTH MARION M. CARTER JAMES PAUL DAVERN, JR. CORY A. FALE JOSEPH R. CARUSO CHRISTOPHER R. DAVID RICHARD K. FANCHER GERSHWYN S. CARUTH BRETT B. DAVIS RYAN D. FANCHER MICHAEL PATRICK CARVIN BRIAN V. DAVIS ROREY K. FARAON JAIME CASAS JAMES S. DAVIS, JR. JON M. FARRAGHER DANIEL J. CASEY JUSTIN P. DAVIS GREGORY R. FARRELL GRIFFIN R. CASEY MATTHEW L. DAVIS CLAUS E. FASTING JASON CASEY MEGAN N. DAVIS BRIAN J. FAUGHN JOHN GERALD CASEY MICHAEL WILLIAM DAVIS JOSHUA M. FAUSTMAN STEPHEN M. CASH NOAH S. DAVIS JULIA A. FAUSTMAN CHRISTOPHER S. CASLER RICHARD E. DAVIS SEAN M. FAZANDE JERMEKO S. CASSEL ADRIAN A. DE FREITAS KENNETH B. FEDOR NICHOLAS L. CASTRO SAMUEL C. DE LA ROSA ROBERT J. FEKETE MARC P. CATALANO CRAIG DEARDEN BRANDEN M. FELKER CHRISTOPHER ROBERT CAVE ROSEMAN L. DEAS MICHAEL S. FELTEN JORDAN G. CAYTON CHRISTOPHER M. DEAVER BRANDON J. FERGUSON HUMBERTO J. CENTENO KYLE M. DEEM ALLEN M. FERKOVICH KRISTEN A. CEPAK KURT J. DEGERLUND GERARD A. FERNANDEZ NICK M. CHACHOR SAHEBA B. DEHENRE RAYMOND A. FERNANDEZ NATHAN W. CHAL JUSTIN H. DEIFEL CHRISTOPHER Y. FERRER SHAWN M. CHAMBERLIN CHARLES J. DEIGNAN JONATHON M. FERRICHER ERIC E. CHAN ERIC L. DEIST PHILLIP B. FERRIS ROZENA CHAN AMANDA L. DELANCEY JONATHAN G. FERRO ROBERT T. CHANCE, JR. NICHOLAS DELISIO SEAN S. FERSON RUSSELL C. CHANCE KEVIN P. DELKER BRYCE J. FIACCO LANDON P. CHANDLER PETER J. DELLACCIO BURTON M. FIELD III REGINALD L. CHANDLER BRAD M. DELLOIACONO TRUTH FINCK WILLIAM Y. CHANG JOHN S. DELOBEL MARISHA FINDLEY JOSEPH O. CHAPA JUSTIN D. DELORIT JACOB E. FINGERSON BENJAMIN R. CHAPMAN JOHN E. DEMELLO, JR. ANDREW W. FINK PATRICK J. CHAPMAN PHILLIP J. DEMETER JONATHAN D. FINK JOSEPH W. CHASSER ADAM W. DEN HARTOG BRYAN DAVID FINKEL ANDREW CHEN AARON C. DENNIS MARC ALBERT FINNEGAN CARL R. CHEN TIMOTHY W. DENNIS SHAWN FINNEY ERNIE CHEN JEFFERY S. DENNISON STEVEN WILLIAM FIORE NICOLAIS R. CHIGHIZOLA GARRETT B. DENNISTON PRESTON C. FIORLETTA GREGG R. CHILSON JOSEPH M. DERIENZO JORDAN A. FIRTH CHRISTOPHER H. CHIN BRET DEROCHE JACOB P. FISCHER BYUNGSUK CHOI ANDREW J. DESORMEAUX TYLER J. FISK NATALIE G. CHOUNET MICHAEL A. DETIEGE KYLE E. FITCH ELAINE C. CHRISTIAN MIGUEL A. DEVARGAS BRIDGETT A. FITZSIMMONS MICHAEL E. CHUA BRANDON R. DEWEY BRETT J. FLICKINGER DANIEL L. CHURCHILL MATTHEW L. DEWEY JOSEPH S. FLOREK III RANDY S. CICALE MATTHEW J. DIAMOND ANDREAS V. FLOWERS CALEB T. CIENSKI JESSE O. DIAZ ANTWAN J. FLOYD JOSEPH A. CITRO ANDREW T. DIBELLA CHRISTINA FLYNN SARAH K. CLAPP CHARLES E. DIETERLE WILLIAM C. FLYNT BARTHOLOMEW W. CLARK ARTHUR Z. DIETRICH KEVIN B. FOBIAN CRAIG A. CLARK ANDRE DIEU MATTHEW T. FOERTSCH JOSEPH R. CLARK JOHN B. DIFEBO DAVID M. FOLAND TRAVIS A. CLARK CAITLIN B. DIFFLEY CHRISTOPHER L. FOLTZ DYSART R. CLEETON CHRISTOPHER W. DILLARD ALLAN G. FONSECA DAVID R. CLEMENTI KYLE BRENDAN DINWIDDIE CHRISTOPHER C. FOOTE BRADLEY S. CLEMMONS II LEILANI V. DISTASO JAMES W. FORBES STEPHEN A. CLINE BARBARA MAGDALENA DIVINE JOHN R. FORBES AUSTIN COCCIA JAMES A. DIVINE TIMOTHY W. FORD JOSEPH CODUTI CHARLES A. DOBSON CHAD L. FOREMAN KIRA A. COFFEY JAY B. DOERFLER MATTHEW R. FORNEY JENNY L. COKER JESSE G. DOLL MICHAEL F. FOROSTOSKI LEE B. COLE JOHN WILLIAM DONALDSON JEFFREY C. FOWLKES MARK A. COLE R. J. DONALDSON JOEL J. FOX

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KURT M. FOX DANIEL J. GRUBEN JONDAVID F. HERTZEL NATHANIEL S. FRANCIS CHRISTOPHER R. GRUBER DANIEL HETTENBACH MICAH B. FRANK ALEXANDER C. GRUENTHER BENJAMIN D. HEWITT ADAM D. FRANKLIN JASON DANIEL GUEST TIMOTHY L. HEWITT CHRISTOPHER J. FRANKS STEVEN J. GUMBLE TIMOTHY M. HICKMAN JOHN D. FRAZIER SARA B. GURIAN JARED J. HIEB WENDELL FRAZIER, JR. TREVOR A. GUSTAFSON WESTON G. HIGBEE DANIEL E. FREDBERG DOUGLAS W. GUTH BRIAN T. HIGGINS PHILIP D. FREEMAN EDDY G. GUTIERREZ CHRISTOPHER HIGGINS THOMAS D. FREEMAN JAMES L. GUTIERREZ ROBERT A. HILBY ALISON L. FREIMAN MICHAEL JOSEPH GUTIERREZ ALEXANDER W. HILL KENNETH R. FRENCH JUSTIN GUY CHRISTOPHER M. HILL CHAD M. FREY JOEL P. HAARER WILLIAM C. HILL GREGORY R. FREY ALLISON JANINE HAAS DAVID E. HILLSHAFER ADAM C. FRISCH ALYCIA M. HACKENBURG BRIAN C. HINEBORG KATHLEEN M. FROST HAMILTON R. HADWIN JAYMES COLLIN HINES JEFFREY D. FRY JEREMY J. HAGUE COLIN HINKLEY LINSEY R. FUCHS DERRICK B. HAHN LIANGKUAN HO JACOB R. FUKA PHILIP C. HAHN AMANDA J. HOBBS JENNIFER A. FUKA DOMINIQUE M. HAIG ROSS S. HOBBS BENJAMIN FULK IAN J. HAIG BRIAN D. HOCKERSMITH CHARLES LINCOLN FULLER BOBBY L. HALE CHRISTOPHER M. HOCKING JOSHUA DAVID FULLER DANIEL J. HALEY JONATHAN T. HOEFING ETAN FUNCHES JAYLAN MICHAEL HALEY BARRY WILLIAM HOEHNE MATTHEW N. FUQUA CHELSEA A. HALL SHAUN R. HOELTJE JEAN E. FUSELIER CHRISTOPHER D. HALL MICHAEL DAVID HOERBER JUSTIN R. GABBARD DUSTIN STANLEY HALL BENJAMIN A. HOFFMAN ERIN E. GABERLAVAGE DIANA L. HALLERAN KIMBERLY A. HOFFMAN KATHLEEN E. K. GADDIS NATHANIEL F. HALLEY MICHAEL J. HOFFMAN MATTHEW T. GALDEEN JOSHUA S. HALLFORD JOHN M. HOFMANN JOHN GALER MATTHEW M. HAMBLEN NIELS B. HOFMANN BRANDON M. GALINDO BRIAN M. HAMILTON WALKER PAUL HOFMANN EDWARD F. GALLAGHER TORREY DAVID HAMILTON ROBERT M. HOGAN, JR. HUNTER RAY GALLIEN PATRICK W. HAMLIN DOUGLAS A. HOLLAND COLLEEN E. GALLOWAY MATTHEW R. HAMMERLE MIA G. HOLLEY DAVID M. GALLOWAY GLENN HAMMOND GREGORY J. HOLLOHAN III VANESSA GALVAN RICHARD W. HANBERG KRISTIN L. HOLLRITH TOBIN D. GANNETT NICOLE M. HANDY ERIC S. HOLM TIMOTHY W. GANNON ANDREW D. HANEY JASON E. HOLMES LUIS M. GARCES ASHLEY A. HANEY ERIK N. HOLMSTROM GILBERT G. GARCIA, JR. EBONY D. HANEY CHRISTOPHER JOHN HOMAN JAIME E. GARCIA JOHN F. HANEY HALEY A. HOMAN LEODANNY GARCIA AUSTIN HANSEN JEREMY J. HOMAN MATTHEW R. GARDNER JOEL N. HANSEN BRENT D. HOOVER COURTNEY E. GARFIELD JOHN H. HANSEN BRANDON L. HORII HARRISON M. GARLICK MICHAEL S. HANSEN AUSTIN A. HORN LAWRENCE C. GARLIT CHARLES L. HARBUCK II CHARLES D. HORN NESTA J. GARNER ASHLEY E. HARDIN CHRISTOPHER D. HORSFALL CLINTON B. GARRETT RYAN L. HARDIN JONATHON S. HOSKET EDWIN GASTON JASON R. HARDMAN JOHN HOUCK CHRISTOPHER J. GATHMANN BRANDON A. HARDY CHRISTOPHER J. HOUDEK DANIEL F. GEBHARDT MICHAEL HARGETT TAMMY V. HOUSE CHRISTINA L. GELLER SAILY Y. HARGETT ASHLEY A. HOUSLEY ANTHONY M. GENEROUS HEIDI A. HARKER JOSEPH C. HOWARD ANTHONY E. GENOCHIO MAURA L. HARKINS MATTHEW P. HOWARD ANAND ANTONY GEORGE COLIN E. HARLEY TRAMPAS R. HOWE BRIAN M. GEORGE JACOB L. HARLEY BRENNAN J. HOWELL JOHN A. GERLACH II JERILYNN HARPER JOSHUA T. HU MARK D. GESCHE RICHARD M. HARR JONATHAN W. HUDGINS JASON ALEXIS GETZ BRETT D. HARRIS MICHAEL M. HUEGERICH RYAN C. GIBO JAMES M. HARRIS MICHAEL A. HUFFMAN TANNER L. GIBSON KORY A. HARRIS MARIK HUGHES TAYLOR R. GIFFORD LUKE J. HARRIS DANIEL B. HUHMANN JULIE KAY GILBERT WILLIAM B. HARRIS IRWIN Y. HUI DANIEL T. GILBERTSON MICHAEL J. HARRISON LAURA HUNSTOCK DANIEL V. GILL JOHN J. HART MARIA LEE HUNTER SHANE D. GILLIES RICHARD G. HART II MICHAEL HUNTER BRITTANY D. GILMER MICHAEL J. HARTER JOSEPH F. HURLEY JARED P. GILMER HAYLEY L. HARTSTEIN ROBERT F. HUTSELL JEREMIAH W. GILMORE STAN Y. HASHIMOTO MATTHEW T. INSKO TRACY LEIGH GILMORE NOAH J. HASSLER TRAVIS S. IRESON ALBERTO YONG GILROY DEBORAH A. HATALA BRET JAMES IRWIN DANIEL P. GIPPER MATTHEW A. HATT TANYA J. IWANENKO JONATHON S. GIPSON ALEXANDER HAU STEVEN M. JACINTO THEODORE A. GIVLER JUSTIN L. HAUFFE ANDREA DEVONN JACKSON MICHAEL A. GLASS ALEXANDER R. HAUSMAN MICHAEL S. JACKSON AARON V. GLASSBURNER ANDREW C. HAVKO TROY B. JACKSON CHARLES BRIAN GLAZE CAROLINE HAWKINS WILLIAM C. JACKSON ANDREW P. GLINDMEYER ANGELICA HAWRYSIAK RYAN M. JAHNKE GARY F. GLOJEK AARON C. HAYNER BEAU A. JAMES STELLA J. GLOJEK STEVEN R. HAYNES NICOLE J. JANSEN ADAM J. GLOVER JOHN A. HAYS JULIE A. JANSON CHRISTOPHER H. GOERTZ JAMES D. HAYWARD JURGEN M. JANZIK GARY M. GOFF IAN H. HAZELTINE JUSTIN L. JARRELL ELIZABETH M. GOLDSMITH BENJAMIN T. HAZEN CLAIRE E. JARRY GEORGE P. GOLDTHWAITE RYAN T. HEALY JACOB B. JARVIS AXEL GONZALEZ ANGELA S. HEARN JOHN D. JARZABEK FRANCISCO J. GONZALEZ KATHERINE C. HEBNER NATHAN JENKINS REBA G. GOOD ANDERS J. HEDBERG STEPHEN M. JIMENEZ JILL M. GORAB JEREMY G. HEFNER SHAWN M. JOAQUIN BARRY J. GORDON NATHAN D. HEGUY CHRISTOPHER J. JOHANSSON SEAN M. GORDON ANGELICA MARIA S. HEIDERICH LAUREN JOHNICAN DAVID CHRISTOPHER GORMAN KYLE D. HEIDERICH ALEXANDER D. JOHNS CHRISTOPHER E. GOSHORN, JR. ERIC J. HEITZENRODER DAMIEN T. JOHNSON JEFFREY M. GOSSELIN JONATHAN A. HEJL DAVID E. JOHNSON JEREMIAH J. GOTTBERG JASON C. HELLER DONALD D. JOHNSON III LEO J. GRACIK MATTHEW B. HELLIER JAMES P. JOHNSON III JEREMY S. GRACY CORY A. HELMS JEREMIAH DAVID JOHNSON WILLIAM M. GRAFF PATRICK W. HELTON KRISTOPHER F. JOHNSON HUDSON D. GRAHAM CHRISTOPHER C. HENDERSON RONALD LEE JOHNSON, JR. JOHN S. GRAHAM, SR. SCOTT R. HENDRIX TREVOR M. JOHNSON KATIE L. GRANT MATTHEW J. HENFEY ZACHARY W. JOHNSON CURTIS H. GRANTHAM WILLIAM L. HENNING CYNTHIA T. JOHNSTON KEVIN R. GRASSE PAUL J. HENRI JAMES E. JOHNSTON JOHN R. GRAVES PHILLIP V. HENRIKSON BRIAN A. JONES ANDREW M. GRAY JASON C. HENRY CHRISTOPHER M. JONES GEOFFREY ALAN GRAY, JR. KRAIG R. HENSON DAVID N. JONES ANTHONY A. GRECO KURT R. HEPLER JASON JONES JOHN D. GREEN JOHN N. HERD JENNIFER M. JONES RONALD J. GREEN, JR. CHRISTOPHER A. HERGENRETER JOSHUA R. JONES MATTHEW F. GREENSPAN NATHAN E. HERING RYAN P. JONES JASON W. GREER JOHN M. HERMOIAN STEPHEN L. JONES DEREK ANTHONY GREGORY JAIME HERNANDEZ, JR. TRENT A. JOY VERNON E. GRIER JAMES V. HEROLD ASA C. JUDD RICHARD C. GRIMBERG, JR. SHAWN C. HERRMANN JUAN D. JURADO ADAM M. GROSS CHRISTOPHER A. HERRON TIMOTHY JUSELIS CHRISTOPHER M. GROVER MICHAEL Z. HERSHEY AMY L. JUSTUS

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JONATHAN PETER KAISER MICHAEL D. LASHER JAMES RANDALL MATHIS BRENDAN N. KALLANDER MICHAEL J. LASORDA MATTHEW R. MATTSON MATTHEW T. KARMONDY JOSEPH M. LASURA DREW R. MAULSBY ANDREW K. KARRER JOSHUA H. LAVENDER RONALD H. MAXFIELD LETICIA S. KASHIWABARA KEVON P. LAZARE JOHN M. MAYER ANDREW T. KASPEREK NOAH A. LAZENBY OSCAR C. MAYHEW JASON A. KASSEL ANDREW LEADER MICHAEL S. MAYNARD ELLA R. KASSHA MICHAEL F. LEARY JOSEPH N. MAYS ASIF KAUSAR EDWARD C. LEBER III MARC D. MAZZANTI STEPHEN B. KEEFER PATRICK SCOTT LEBOW PATRICK T. MCAFEE JORDAN R. KEMP JEFFREY E. LEDOUX MICHAEL O. MCCANTS MICHAEL B. KENDALL BENJAMIN JARED LEE BRANDY N. MCCART KAITLIN W. KENNY CRAIG N. LEE RANDELL C. MCCART CHRISTOPHER KERKER JAMES SEUNGCHUL LEE ERICA L. MCCASLIN JONATHAN G. KETCHUM STEVEN I. LEE CHRISTOPHER R. MCCLINTOCK TRENT K. KEYES DAVID W. LEES JAMES C. MCCORMICK ASIM A. KHAN JORDAN J. LEICHT JOHN J. MCCORMICK STACEY R. KIDD CHRISTOPHER LEISTE WILLIAM ROBERT MCCORMICK DANE JERRY KIDMAN JARED M. LEMMONS CARY W. MCCREARY JENNIFER J. KIEBACH PAUL M. LENTZ JOSHUA M. MCCULLION TRISTAN K. KIEFER CLINT D. LEONARD KYLE E. MCCURLEY ANTHONY J. KIGGINS ROBERT J. LERNER JOHN C. MCDANIEL WALTER D. KILAR JOSH A. LEV DYLAN MCDERMOTT TIMOTHY K. KILLHAM KORRY W. LEVERETT JOANNA A. MCDONALD JOSHUA M. KILLIAN JOSHUA A. LEWIS KATHERINE BULTEMEIER MCDOWELL DAVID E. KILPATRICK MICKAEL J. LEWIS RAEGAN J. MCDOWELL RAYMOND J. KILROY III RODNEY LEWIS KRISTINA B. MCGANN BRIAN Y. KIM WESLEY L. LEWIS PETER M. MCGAVIN CORNITA L. KIMBROUGH BRANDON A. LIABENOW WILLIAM C. MCGILLIVRAY MATTHEW T. KINARD ADAM M. LIBBY JACK D. MCGONEGAL ADAM D. KING JAN LIECHTY SCOTT W. MCGREGOR CHRISTOPHER M. KING JAMES R. LIEVSAY RHOSHONDA A. MCGRUDER JARED W. KING RUBEN P. LIGSAY DANIEL J. MCINTOSH JEREMY A. KING CLIFTON K. LINDE ROBERT J. MCKAY JOSHUA KING GARRISON J. LINDHOLM IAN D. MCLAUGHLIN PAMELA S. KING RONNIE RUSSELL LING DALLIN PRICE MCLAWS STEVEN R. KING STEPHEN P. LISTON BRENDEN A. MCLEAN RICHARD TODD KINKADE ALLEN W. LITTLE FRIEDEN MCLEAN JEREMY PAUL KINNE JIMMY LAMAR LIVINGSTON NATHAN D. MCLEAN THOMAS R. KINNEAR ERIC THOMAS LIZON CHRISTOPHER W. MCLEOD SHANE A. KINSMAN CHRISTOPHER P. LOCHRIDGE CHUCK ALAN MCLEOD ELLIOTT D. KIPP TIMOTHY P. LOCKE SARAH E. MCNAIR AIMEE TJELMELAND KIRCHNER KATHERINE A. LOCKHART KENNETH S. MCQUEEN TIMOTHY A. KIRCHNER JAMESON P. LOCKLEAR CECIL T. MCSPADDEN MARVIN M. KIRKLAND SAMUEL W. LOGAN JUSTIN M. MCWILLIAMS WIKROM KITCHAIYA MATTHEW L. LOHMEIER MARCUS MCWILLIAMS JOSHUA W. KITCHEN ANDREW F. LONG MATTHEW W. MECKES AARON KLANG GREGORY BARRETT LONG AMY ELIZABETH MEEKS LAURA ANN KLEPPER ALEXANDER J. LONGYEAR RYAN D. MEIERGERD MATTHEW J. KLESS ERIC M. LOPEZ JUSTIN C. MEIHAUS MATTHEW D. KLINE RYAN J. LOUCKS J. A. MEINHARD JEFFREY L. KLINGENSMITH, JR. WILLIAM R. LOUIE ROBERT D. MELE NICOLE S. KLINGENSMITH JOHN P. LOVEMAN STEVEN W. MELTON BRYAN A. KLOEPPER JOHN M. LOWE KEVIN J. MENDEL MICHAEL G. KNAEBLE BENJAMIN T. LOWRY WILLIAM J. MENDEL CHRISTINE L. KNIEFF PATRICK B. LOWTHER FRANCES V. MERCADO MICHAEL P. KNIGHT HSIAO WEI LU STEVEN R. MERCER PAUL J. KNOEDLER BYRON E. LUCKETT III TIMOTHY J. MERHAR JONATHAN F. KOCH MICHAEL J. LUCKY TONI C. MERHAR STEPHEN J. KOETHER JEFFREY T. LUCY JACKYLIN C. MEROLLA CAYMAN ISAAC KOKARAM DANIEL L. LUCZAK MICHAEL S. MERONEY KENRICK ANSEN KOKARAM TSU KONG C. LUE BENNETT J. MERRIMAN SUMMER C. KOLCUN DERRICK WALTER LUIKENS COLIN M. MERRIN STEPHEN J. KOLTONSKI DANA K. LUNDY SCOTT B. MESKIMEN TRACIE KELLEY KONIETZKO BENJAMIN LUTHER ADAM J. MESSER ROBERT M. KONOWICZ DAVID A. LYCAN LEAH M. MEYER KORT A. KOSER CHRISTOPHER D. LYELLS OTTO KARL F. MEYER STEPHEN A. KOSLIK DANA M. LYON RYALL A. MEYER AMANDA L. KOSTURKO MATTHEW A. LYON KEVIN PATRICK MEYERHOFF JAMES S. KOTOWSKI TYREL J. LYON BRIAN A. MEYERS ANDREW K. KOUSGAARD TRAVIS J. LYTTON JOHN G. MEYERS JOHN F. KOVACIC DAMON R. MACE STUART T. MEYERS JEDADIAH D. KOVAL JENELL MACIAS CURTIS R. MICHAEL NICHOLAUS R. KOVAL BRIAN R. MACK MICHAEL S. MICKUS JOHN R. KOYAMA DAVID L. MACK BENJAMIN C. MIDDLEBROOKS CHAD SKYLER KRASTINS WILLIAM S. MACVITTIE MATTHEW J. MIDDLEBROOKS PHILLIP T. KRAUSS JULIA H. MAFNAS ALAN K. MILLAIS MICHAEL V. KRESTYN DOMENIC MAGAZU III MICHAEL J. MILLARD ZACHARY KRUEGER JOHN AARON MAGELITZ CASEY C. MILLER EMILY T. KUBUSEK BRIAN J. MAHAR CHRISTOPHER D. MILLER MARY T. KUCONIS JAMES I. MAHER CORRINE MILLER MATTHEW D. KUHARY PHILLIP M. MALAMMA DANIEL MATTHEW MILLER MARIO F. P. KUHN BURLEY J. MALBROUGH ERIC B. MILLER JEFFREY R. KUKURUDA JONATHAN J. MALDA JENNIFER E. MILLER BENJAMIN KUMPF RYAN MALLOY MAXWELL W. MILLER ROBERT J. KURPIEL MICHAEL A. MALONE MICHAEL H. MILLER KURTIS R. KUSCHEL MICHAEL L. MALONE SZE W. MILLER MICHAEL D. KUST JEREMY MALOY TRAVIS J. MILLS MICHAEL J. KUZMUK JAMES PETER MAND BRIAN C. MILNER FRANCINE Y. KWARTENG ALLISON K. MANDAS JONATHAN A. MINGONET SEBASTIAN KWON URI Y. MANDELBAUM ALLISON P. MINNIG CHRISTOPHER M. LACY CASEY V. MANNING DANIEL S. MINNOCCI ROBERT G. LACY MICHAEL J. MARCHAND DAVID R. MISHKIN MARIA C. LAFORD TYLER P. MARCOTTE NELSON A. MITCHELL LUCAS R. LAGESSE GREGORY M. MARCUS PATRICK H. MITCHELL DEANE L. LAKE JOSE E. MARIN GIANCARLO J. MOATS ANTHONY E. LAMAGNA BAILEY M. MARK KYLE A. MOATS JAMES W. LAMBERTSEN MATTHEW H. MARKS JOSHUA MOFFAT MARC A. LAMELIN CHRISTOPHER M. MARR CHARLES LLOYD MOHLER II CLEO A. LAMKIN LUKE W. MARRON JOSELYN A. MOLINARI LAND ZACHARY N. LAND ERIC A. MARSH STACY M. MONAGHAN THERESE C. LANDIN TYLER BROEK MARSH THOMAS MONCURE ERIC E. LANE JOHN W. MARSHALL NATHAN ROBERT MONDUL MATTHEW R. LANEY RYAN A. MARSHALL PATRICK D. MONTAG TIMOTHY C. LANG ANDRIA K. MARTIN EDWARD C. MONTGOMERY JOSEPH D. LANGAN CHRISTOPHER THOMAS MARTIN STEPHEN MONTGOMERY PATRICK D. LANGE DANIEL MARTIN BRIAN P. MOORE WILLIAM V. LANGE DAVID F. MARTIN CODY H. MOORE QUINTON G. LANGHAM JOSLON R. MARTIN DANIEL R. MOORE JOHN DANIEL LANGWORTHY II MICHAEL A. S. MARTIN GEORGE E. MOORE STEVE IAN LANUZO SETH D. MARTIN ROBERT WILLIAM MOORE MARA J. LAPIDUS THOMAS W. MARTIN JOSHUA A. MOORES SARAH B. LARK NATHAN T. MASDON DANIEL B. MORABITO ROBERT D. LARKIN DMITRY MASHARIN STEPHANIE L. MORALES THOMAS A. LARNER, JR. JUSTIN MASTRANGELO SHANE A. MORAN PETER C. LARSEN JACK J. MATEJKA ADAM MORGAN MICHAEL DAVID LARSON DAN O. MATER DANE P. MORGAN

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ELEANOR E. MORGAN COURTNEY LEIGH SULLIVAN PADILLA STEPHEN S. REDMOND RYAN A. MORGAN JORGE G. PADRO DAVID D. REDWINE MARC D. MORIN AUSTIN M. PAGE STEVEN C. REDWINE CHRISTOPHER L. MORRISON JAY H. PARK DUNCAN C. REED JAMES W. MORRISON JOSHUA J. PARKER JULIE A. REED RICHARD H. MORRISON LEX JOSE PARKER ROBERT D. REED NATHAN R. MORTENSON DANIEL E. PARRISH RYAN D. REEVES NATHAN A. MOSELEY ROBIN M. PARRISH JASON A. REIGART MATTHEW K. MOSER JOSHUA F. PASCHKA JOSHUA D. RENO JONATHAN M. MOSIER CLAYTON M. PASCO APOLLO REX MICHAEL REVELEE GARY W. MOSMAN CHRISTINE T. PASUN DENVER M. REX BRIANNE M. MOSQUERA JOHN PATRICH III ALAN M. REYNOLDS JEFFREY J. MOSQUERA CHRISTOPHER A. PATTERSON NICHOLAS R. REYNOLDS DANIEL R. MOSS TRAVIS T. PATTERSON TAYLOR E. REYNOLDS DANIEL E. MOUNT KADY NELL PAULEY DAVID S. RHODES DANIEL B. MUGGELBERG AARON PAULI TYLER A. RHYNE WILLIAM S. MUIR ANDREW R. PAULSEN ALEX S. RICH NICHOLAS E. MULEY ADAM P. PAULY JERAD M. RICH ROBERT J. MULLINAX JASON M. PAUSEWANG ELIZABETH C. RICHARDS JOHN NORMAN MULLINS SARA L. PAVELSKI AARON W. RICHARDSON MATTHEW N. MUMM JESSICA N. PAVONI DAVID S. RICHARDSON CHRISTOPHER W. MURPHY TAMEKIA ALLEN PAYNE RYAN RICHARDSON FRANCIS C. R. MURPHY REX A. PEACOCK LANE C. RIDDELL PHILLIP B. MURPHY JAMES D. PEARCE KEVIN P. RIEGNER SEAN TIMOTHY MURPHY KRISTIN M. PEARSON JACOB E. RIETH TODD W. MURRAY RYAN J. PEBLER ROBERT O. RIGGS TIMOTHY P. MURSZEWSKI CORRIE A. PECORARO MARK BRIAN RIOUX DAVID Q. MUSGRAVE MATTHEW T. PECORARO TYLER J. RIPLEY STEPHEN M. MUSIC ERIC S. PEELE THOMAS A. RISNER MATTHEW A. MUSSER LUIS E. PENA DANIEL J. RITTER MORGAN L. MUSSER ERIC WAYNE PENNEY JERRY W. RIVES RICHARD E. MYER ANTHONY R. PEREZ RYNE P. ROADY AARON THOMAS MYERS JOSE PEREZ IV CHARLES B. ROBBINS ANDREW R. MYERS JUSTIN A. PERKINS BRADLEY S. ROBERTS TODD P. MYERS RODGER E. PERKINS MATTHEW D. ROBERTS JOSHUA W. NABORS DONALD T. PERROTTA SCOTT A. ROBERTS PATRICIA ANN NADEAU DAVID B. PERRY FREDERICK A. ROBERTSON, JR. PETER NAMYSLOWSKI MATTHEW J. PERRY LUKE C. ROBERTSON CHARLES E. NANCE PHILLIP M. PERRY NICHOLAS A. ROBINSON WHITNEY B. NANNA LOREN M. PETERKIN SHAUN Y. ROBINSON CHARLES C. NAPIER JAMES D. PETERSEN THOMAS ROBINSON MICHAEL N. NAPOLITANO BRENT L. PETERSON BRANDON ROCKER BENJAMIN A. NAPPER JESSE D. PETERSON CESAR A. RODRIGUEZ IV BRANDON J. NAUTA MATTHEW E. PETERSON PATRICIA S. RODRIGUEZ AMANDA J. NAYLOR JAMES P. PETTIBONE BRANDON MELVIN ROGERS AMAL NAZZALL CHESTER A. PEYTON III JENNIFER A. ROGERS CHRISTOPHER A. NEAL MANH U. PHAM MATTHEW G. ROGERS DMITRY Z. NEDELIN LYRICA L. PHELPS MICHAEL K. ROGERS CHRISTOPHER J. NEDVED GRANT E. PHILIPSON PAUL E. ROGERS JONATHAN D. NEEDHAM JEREMY R. PHILLIPS QUENTIN ROHLFS ERIK MICHAEL NEEMANN MARK CHARLES PHILLIPS DONALD E. ROLEY CHRISTOPHER P. NEHLS JOSEPH MARTIN PICARIELLO DOUGLAS P. ROLFES JAMES L. NEISWENDER CALEB R. PICKARD ELIZABETH NOLA ROMERO DERIK J. NEITZ JOHN S. PIEKARSKI MATTHEW R. ROMIG BRYCE E. NELSON ADAM G. PIERCE JUSTIN A. ROQUE JEFFREY K. NELSON TYLER BENJAMIN PIERCE RODERIC G. ROSARIO MATTHEW K. NELSON ARRIS C. PINEDA MICHAEL ROSENOF STEVEN R. NELSON JASON R. PIPER HEATHER M. ROSS MICHAEL NERENBERG JAKE F. PIPPENGER RYAN C. ROSSI TIMOTHY N. NESLONY DARIUSZ A. PISZCZEK JON E. ROSSMAN DAVID J. NEWELL GARETT R. PITTS GREGORY RANDALL ROTH SETH A. NEWFANG ROLF E. PLACE PHILLIP ROTH WALTER J. NEWMAN NICHOLAS R. PLANTE JON D. ROWLAND ROBERT A. NEWTON DARIO A. PLAZAS CHRISTINA W. ROYAL DARREN NG ADAM POHL SHAUN W. ROYCRAFT KAYU NG JONATHAN S. POLLOCK BRADLEY W. RUESING YONCA NICE CHAD D. POLUMBO JASON M. RUIZ BRIAN C. NICKERSON REBECCA L. PONDER TITO M. RUIZ FERNANDO W. NICOLALDE SCOTT A. PONTZER ERIN M. RUNDBERGET CHAD R. NISHIZUKA EDWARD D. PORTER JUSTIN E. RUPE CARLOS A. NIVIA KENT S. PORTUE JARED M. RUPP DOMINIK D. NIZIOL TODD FRANK POSSEMATO JENNY K. RUSSELL NJOKU NJOKU CORIN R. POTOR RYAN L. RUSSELL LOUIS G. NOLTING MICHAEL A. POVILAITIS WILLIAM A. RUSSELL MICHAEL S. NORDIN JEREMY W. POWELL DOMINIC RUSSI ERIC J. NORRIS KATRINA POWELL KYLE R. RUTHERFORD PAUL D. NORRIS MICHAEL FRANK POWER TOMMY A. RUTHERFORD KIMBERLY ANN NOVAK WILLIAM PRESCOTT III DOUGLAS B. RUYLE PATRICK C. NOWLIN THOMAS J. PRESTELLA ERIC MARVIN RYAN ABDULRAZAK NUHU COREY L. PRESTON JEFFREY S. RYAN MICHELLE C. OBRIENGIETKA DOUGLAS C. PRICE ROBERT HENRY RYAN III NEIL E. OCAMPO NICHOLAS D. PRIDE KYLE J. RYKACZEWSKI TIMOTHY F. OCONNELL LANDEN KIMOSHUNJI PROCHNOW JONATHAN D. SAAS KATHLEEN C. OCONNOR JUSTIN D. PUCKETT DANIEL C. SABATELLI RYAN P. OCONNOR ASHLEY J. PUGH ANTHONY M. SABELLICO BRIAN P. ODELL KRISTOPHER D. PUTNAM MATTHEW O. SABRAW ROBERT W. OLDCROW MICHAEL PYLE NICK SACCONE MATTHEW RAY OLDE SANAM M. QADRI SCOTT PATRICK SAFFRAN TYLER C. OLDHAM ANDREW S. QUANRUD STEVEN L. SAGER MARK S. OLEKSAK ALEXANDER E. QUINIA JOANNE C. SAHAGUN MICHELLE M. OLINGER MICHAEL J. QUINN TODD R. SAKSA ADRIAN V. OLIVER DWIGHT B. RABE CARRI M. SALAS ROLAND W. OLMSTEAD ESTEFANIA RAFFOMAGNASCO HARRIGAN JESSIE D. SALAZAR DENNIS R. OLSON BRADFORD J. RAGAN JOHN ANDREW SALOTTI CARLY A. OMIZO DAVID J. RAHL JOSEPH P. SAMEK JOHN G. OMOHUNDRO MICHAEL W. RALPH ROLLY SADIOA SANA BRENDAN M. ONEAL CHRISTOPHER M. RAMBERG KEVIN D. SANAGHAN CHRISTINA M. ONEILL ERIC L. RAMBO MICHAEL J. SANDERS BRANDON PHILIP ONGNA JUAN D. RAMIREZ THOMAS A. SANDERS ABIGAIL R. ONO RACHEL C. RAMIREZ BRANDON A. SANDOVAL RYAN H. OOT MARK RAMOS AARON R. SANDS GISSELLE OPPENLANDER MARBENJOHN RAMOSO CHAD D. SANFORD RICHARD O. ORDONA BERNADETTE M. RAMSEY STEVEN C. SANOCKI MATTHEW J. ORLOVSKY JACOB A. RANDALL MATTHEW T. SARDA KRISTIN L. ORMAZA JOHN RUSSEL RANDOLPH BROCK D. SARGENT RYAN M. ORTIZ JACKSON M. RANES CHASE M. SASSER MICHAEL J. ORZEL BERNARD JOHN RAPP III BRET T. SAUBERT CHRISTOPHER H. OSBORNE AMANDA J. RASMUSSEN GIACOMO SAUCEDA BENJAMIN F. OSLER CALEB L. RASMUSSEN GRANT J. SAUM JOHANNA B. OTOOLE MATTHEW T. RATCLIFFE PHILLIP L. SAVAGE MATTHEW J. OTT NICHOLAS W. RAUE DANIEL A. SAYAVAN LUKE OUTWATER ERIN E. RAUSA JOHN E. SCHADE SARAH K. OVERMYER KRISTINE L. REBUCK MICHAELA A. SCHANNEP MICHAEL R. OVERSTREET MICHAEL B. RECKER WILLIAM E. SCHARFENBERG TIMOTHY J. PACH JENNA R. REDERUS JOSEPH W. SCHENKEL BRANDON L. PACKARD CHRISTOPHER P. REDMOND HEIDI B. SCHIANO CHERRY PADILLA PAUL J. REDMOND COLT R. SCHIEFELBEIN

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DAVID A. SCHILL FRANCIS P. STALLINGS WILLIAM M. TOMPKINS SAMUEL D. G. SCHINDLER MARK E. STALLINGS KRISTEN M. TORMA JOSEPH EDWARD SCHLOSSER ANDREW J. STANDEFORD GUILLERMO E. TORRES JAMES L. SCHMIDT KEVIN V. STANLEY JACQUELYNN R. TORSON MATTHEW J. SCHMIT MARY A. STANTON WILLIAM R. TORSON ERIC L. SCHNECK TYLER J. STARK DEREK M. TOSIE JESSICA S. SCHNEIDER HARRY H. STARNES ANDREW J. TRAVIS SCOTT A. SCHNEIDER JAMES R. STAUDENMAIER MANUEL TREJO, JR. KRISTEN S. SCHNELL TYLER W. STEF BEAU W. TRESEMER MARK V. SCHNELL BENJAMIN R. STEFFENS JAMES S. TRIMBLE ROBERT W. SCHOMAKER TYLER D. STEFFENSON VIRGINIA MILLER TRIMBLE STEVEN J. SCHULDT CORY MARTIN STEINBRECHER DANIEL J. TRIMBOLI NATHAN J. SCHULER JAY T. STELLWAGEN JOHN A. TROJA SHAWN M. SCHULZ JOSEPH W. STENGER KELLEY M. TRUAX BENJAMIN F. SCHUMACHER THOMAS R. STENGL DEREK A. TRUEX DAVID ANDREW SCHUNK NICOLE M. STENSTAD NICHOLAS R. TSOUGAS MATTHEW J. SCHWAAB DANIEL O. STEPHENS HEIDI M. TUCHOLSKI PATRICIA WILLIAMS SCHWANDT MARK W. STEPHENS MATTHEW C. TUCHSCHER ANDREW M. SCHWEICHLER PHILIP STEPHENS MATTHEW A. TUCKER TYRUS A. SCOTT ANDREW JOSEPH STEVENS DREW P. TURNER RYAN D. SEALY BRETT L. STEVENS RANDALL P. TURNER KEVAN BRADFORD SEAMANS NICOLE L. STEVENS JORDAN LANE TUTEUR ADAM G. SEARS THOMAS B. STEVENS CALEB UDALL MICHAEL L. SEEBECK BRIAN S. STEWART GERALD M. UNDERWOOD, JR. CLAYTON T. SEILER CHRISTOPHER J. STEWART EVAN VALDEZ JASON W. SEITZ KYLE J. STEWART MICHAEL C. VALDIVIA JOSEPH ADAM SELLERS MATT STEWART TAYLOR B. VALENTINE RYAN J. SELLS NICKOLAS J. STEWART DEREK W. L. VALLEJOS KIMBERLY H. SERCEL JAMES A. STIKELEATHER CHRISTOPHER P. VALLIERE CINDY C. SERRANO JAMES A. STILLWAGON SCOTT W. VAN DE WATER SCOT A. SHAFFER CHRISTOPHER L. STILSON NATHAN J. VAN LOON THOMAS P. SHALLUE JOSHUA S. STINSON CHRISTOPHER M. VANCHURE BRIAN J. SHANLEY PAUL R. STINSON SCOTT ALAN VANDER PLOEG ROBERT Z. SHANNON JEFFREY STOCK JOSEPH MICHAEL VANDUSEN BRIAN P. SHARMAN KEVIN W. STOCKDILL ALBERT VARMA CHRISTOPHER ARTHUR SHARON DAVID M. STOMBERG NICHOLAS A. VARNER CHRISTINA M. SHARP DAVID N. STONE DALLAS E. VARWIG IAN A. SHELLEY JEREMY H. STOWERS DANIELLE VARWIG SIMONE SHEN MATTHEW J. STPIERRE HARPER A. K. VAUGHAN JAMES E. SHEPARD RYAN ROBERT STRAND ENRIQUE VAZQUEZ, JR. LEVI J. SHEPPARD DEREK T. STRANG MICHAEL D. VELTMAN CHARLES BRUSLE SHERBURNE IV MATTHEW V. STREETON RAYMOND W. VENABLE, JR. JOHN A. SHERIDAN RYAN N. STRENGTH DAVID VERA TORRES WILLIAM K. SHERIDAN, JR. WILLIAM T. STROHECKER IV CHRISTOPHER L. VERGIEN MICHAEL J. SHICK BRANDON P. STRONG DAVID FERREIRA VILELA BRYON SHIELDS GREGORY J. STRONG ROBERT A. VINCENT SETH D. SHIPLEY BRION P. STROUD STEPHEN M. VISALLI CURTIS MCINTOSH SHORR BRIAN STURDEVANT KEVIN P. VITAYAUDOM TONY J. SHORT CHAD SUE JOHN J. VITOLO GREGORY T. SHOW JOHN L. SULLIVAN ADAM J. VOGEL MATTHEW C. SHUTT TODD M. SULLIVAN JONATHAN F. VOGEL MATTHEW P. SIBIGA WILLIAM J. SULLIVAN MATTHEW R. VOKE KELLEN SICK PHILLIP A. SUMMERS BRANDON REED VOORHEES DANIEL JACOB SIEBEN BRIAN D. SUMP SCOTT P. VOTH CARL A. SIEGEL ELIJAH A. SUPPER PHILIP R. WACHLIN BRIAN J. SIKKEMA DAVID F. SUSTELLO VICTOR J. WADSLEY CLAYTON K. SILVA KENNETH E. SUTHERLAND SETH B. WAGENMAN DANIEL FLOYD SILVA MATTHEW R. SUTLIFF BRIAN A. WAGNER SCOTT A. SIMONEAUX CRAIG E. SVANBERG CHRISTINE WAGNER MATTHEW KEITH SIMPKINS BRANDY A. SWANSON RYAN FRANCIS WAGNER JASON CLARK SINGER JONATHAN PAUL SWARD JOSEPH A. WAHLQUIST WILLIAM R. SINGISER TRAVIS J. SWART JOSEPH WALDON MARCUS A. SITTERLY TIMOTHY S. SWIECHOWICZ GEOFFREY H. WALKER JOHN X. SITU JONATHAN SWINARSKI JOSEPH K. WALKER SARA B. SIX CHAD E. SWINEHART ROBERT L. WALKER, JR. MICHAEL E. SKARDA CURTIS T. SWITZER ROBERT A. WALLER KURT R. SKARSTEDT KEVIN W. SWORD ZACHARY R. WALROND DAVID PAUL SKELONC BENJAMIN C. SZUTAR CHRISTOPHER A. WALSH DANIELLE M. SKILTON JANDREW P. TAALA SEAN D. WALSH CHARLES A. SKROVAN DEVIN W. TABER JOSHUA J. WALTON MATTHEW C. SLACK MICHAEL J. TADDY DOUGLAS A. WARD IVAN S. SLATER JACK TALKINGTON GREGORY J. WARD SCOTT M. SLATER AUSTIN S. TALLY JORDAN D. WARD BRYONY L. SLAUGHTER PAUL D. TANDBERG ERIK A. WARNECKE ROBERT A. B. SLAYTON ANDREW L. TAYLOR BRENT J. WARREN DAVID M. SMALENBERGER GABRIEL J. TAYLOR SPENCER G. WARTMAN ROBERT C. SMALL JUSTIN M. TAYLOR NATHAN C. WATERS JEFFREY SMART RYAN JAMES TEAK TYLER A. WATTERS RICHARD C. SMEEDING BRANNDON L. TEFFETELLER MICHAEL BAILEY WATTS CHRISTIAN D. SMELSER ROLF D. TELLEFSEN DONALD F. WAUGH, JR. ABRAHAM B. SMITH ANDREAS Z. TEMPELIS JONATHAN R. WEAVER CHRISTOPHER R. SMITH KIMBERLY A. TEMPLER ROSS A. WEAVER DAVID SMITH CHARLES P. TENNEY ANDREW L. WEBB DUSTIN M. SMITH JARED L. TENPAS JOSHUA A. WEBB GRANT J. SMITH CHRISTOPHER D. TERPENING RUSSEL MORGAN WEBB JACK LOYD SMITH JEFFREY M. TETRAULT STEVEN DUSTIN WEBB JAMES EDWARD SMITH DUSTIN L. THARRETT JETTA M. WEBER JORDAN C. SMITH BENJAMIN J. THOMAS THOMAS J. WEBER KEVIN P. SMITH JARED R. THOMAS PATRICK J. WEEKLY LOGAN D. SMITH LEVI M. THOMAS DANIEL J. WEEMS RICHARD SMITH REID W. THOMAS CHRISTOPHER W. WEIMER ROBERT A. SMITH BRENT A. THOMPSON EMILI A. WEIS STEPHEN E. SMITH GERRY Q. THOMPSON ROBERT D. WEISS STEWART C. SMITH JONATHAN F. THOMPSON ROBERT J. WEITERSHAUSEN TRAVIS S. SMITH JOSEPH W. THOMPSON RICHARD A. WELCH CHRISTOPHER SMOAK JUSTIN NATHANIEL THOMPSON LOUIS ANTHONY WELLE III DANIEL C. SNODGRASS KELLEY DESHAUN THOMPSON PAUL J. WELSH BRANDON L. SNYDER KENON E. THOMPSON JAMES B. WENTZEL NICHOLAS P. SOCHINSKI MALACHI THOMPSON III THOMAS M. WERNER ALEJANDRO SOLIS MARK P. THOMPSON BRIAN K. WERNLE JEFFREY S. SOVERN MICHAEL J. THOMPSON MICHAEL L. WERRE JEREMY L. SPARKS ROBERT J. THOMSON TYLER K. WEST MORGAN E. SPARKS SCOTT ISOM THORUP BRANDON M. WESTLING MATTHEW G. SPEED BRADLEY T. THRUSH ZACHARY J. WHALEN DAKOTA PAUL SPEIDEL MEAGAN L. THRUSH CHAD M. WHARTON JEDEDIAH S. SPENCER MELISSA RENE THURMAN JAMES B. WHEATLEY ZACHARY M. SPENCER CHRISTOFFER JOHN TIDWELL BRANDON J. WHEELER SETH D. SPIDAHL MARSHALL LEE TILLIS WILLIAM J. WHIDDON KEVIN J. SPRINGER ERIK TIMS RYAN M. WHITAKER WILLIAM S. SPRINGER PAUL C. TISA ALEXANDER B. WHITE DANIEL R. ST CLAIR JENNIFER M. TITKEMEIER GORDON M. WHITE JONATHAN J. ST PETER KYLE E. TOBIN JON A. WHITE MONTGOMERY A. STAHL DANIEL D. TOFTNESS KENNETH E. WHITE II CARSTEN P. STAHR GEORGE J. TOLIS MATTHEW D. WHITE JAMES L. STALEY NICHOLAS R. TOMLINSON TRAVIS J. WHITE CHRISTOPHER R. STALLARD ANDREW GLENN TOMPKINS ZACHARY L. WHITE JOSHUA C. STALLARD JESSICA A. TOMPKINS ANTHONY D. WHITEHEAD

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KEVIN C. WHITLATCH LISA A. BOWERS TYSON G. BAYNES DAVID L. WHITNEY RODERICK BOWSER MICHAEL J. CONNER LEE E. WHITTEN BETHANY L. BRADBURY JOSEPH T. COSTELLO JOHN RALPH WIDMER CLAUDIA BRADFORD JENNIFER L. DEMPSEY JORDAN M. WIERSCH STACEY L. BRECKONS SEAN DONOHUE ADAM B. WIESER MARC T. BRINSLEY PETER M. DOYLE DOUGLAS J. WIETLISBACH FELICIA R. BROWN JESS FELDTMANN RAY S. WILCOX JODI L. BROWN SCOTT D. FISHER GENE MICHAEL WILKINS MICHAEL F. BROWN III STEPHANIE M. GASPER LUCAS E. WILL AMY E. BRZUCHALSKI JOHN GOTTSCHALK DUSTIN R. WILLARD SUMMER N. BUCHMEIER NICHOLAS J. GRANDE, JR. RICHARD P. WILLE MATTHEW E. BUCKLES JONATHAN R. HALLER CHRISTOPHER S. WILLEY BRANDI M. BURROWES JEFFREY D. HANNAH BENJAMIN G. WILLIAMS ERSAN CAPAN MELISSA K. HODGES CHRISTOPHER J. WILLIAMS CARY N. CARTER TRAVIS L. JACOBS DUSTIN K. WILLIAMS WILLIAM J. CHAPPELL JULIANNA M. JAYNE ISAAC C. WILLIAMS BRANDY L. CLAYTON MARY M. JOHNSON KEVIN D. WILLIAMS KEVIN D. COPLEY JASON R. JONES MICHAEL W. WILLIAMS DAVID L. COTTLE, JR. SEON JONES RUSSELL H. WILLIAMS JULIE A. COWLES ANDREW R. KENNEDY TYLER J. WILLIAMS ANNE M. DANIELE ADRIENNE M. KRAMER BRADLEY C. WILLIS KIMBERLY A. DILGER MARGARET M. KUCIA CHANELLE M. WILLIS NOELLE S. DOVE JESSICA A. LARSON ERIC T. WILMOT LENA M. FABIAN YI L. LEE JARED A. WILSON KATHLEEN S. FEELEYLYNCH JOSEPH A. LOPEZ JONATHAN A. WILSON LINDSAY R. FELKER HUGH S. MCLEOD IV MATTHEW P. WILSON BRYAN S. FERRARA SHERYL R. MILFORD NORMAN K. WILSON SHARA FISHER BRANDON J. MOORE RYAN W. WILSON GERBERT L. FLORESCHAVEZ JAMIE B. MORRIS SIGANSULPUM WILSON MONICA F. FLOWERS DEBORAH J. OLDFIELD TERRENCE WILSON ERICA L. FRANKLINWILKERSON SEAN M. PENARANDA JONATHAN B. WING JULIE A. GABELETTO BRYAN B. PICKENS NATALIE M. WINKELS PAUL R. GALEY MANISH RAWAT HANS U. WINKLER DIONICIO M. GARMA MATTHEW D. RIED BRANDON M. WINNINGHAM EDWARD A. GEIGER JAMES E. ROCKWOOD SABRINA N. WINTER CAISSY A. GOE MATTHEW S. SHURTLEFF THOMAS D. WITTWER TAWANA GOLDSTEIN LAUREL B. SMITH MARQUIS A. WOFFORD JESSICA M. GORDON JILL SPACKMAN ANDRE WOLF JACLYN A. GRANT SEAN M. SPANBAUER KARLTON J. WOLF SARAH E. HARRIS MARY H. STAUDTER ANDREA WOLFE CLARK ALAN J. HARVEY BRIAN E. STOLTENBERG JOSHUA J. WOLFRAM MEREDITH M. HETTINGER SHAWN M. THOMPSON SUSAN W. K. WONG TWOREK TRACY HO GARY P. TOCCI BRANDON M. WOOD ELIZABETH A. HULTGREN RAUL VILLALOBOS JODY ROSS WOOD DIANNE A. JAMES JERIMIAH D. WALKER TRAY C. WOOD ERIKA JARAMILLO TERESA A. WALTERS ISHMAN W. WOODARD, JR. NICHOLE M. T. JOHNSON GEOFFREY A. WASHBURN OLIVER L. WOODLAND PATRICK R. KADILAK BENJAMAN M. WUNDERLICH ELIZABETH L. KASSULKE JASON C. WOOLFORD THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ADAM D. KELLER COURTNEY L. WORDEN TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MICHAEL A. KNIGHT RYAN J. WORRELL VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS DJAKARIA KONATE ROBERT O. WRAY 624 AND 3064: THOMAS WRAY BRANDI L. LANGE JEFFREY D. WRIGHT KEITH M. LATHROP To be major JESSICA D. WRIGHT NICOLE M. LAWRENCE JONATHAN W. WRIGHT LOUIS J. LOZANO JULIA N. ALVAREZ LATOSHIA WRIGHT AMY L. LUCIA LAURA M. ANDERSON ZACHARY ADAM WRIGHT DEBORAH L. MANDEL ANDREW J. ARMSTRONG JAMES CHIEN CHIN WU WILLIAM B. MARSH MARY C. AVRIETTE KELLI NICOLE WYATT MEGAN L. MATTERS PHILIP A. BOWLING GILBERT S. WYCHE II JAMILL A. MATTHEWS CATHERINE D. BURLISON CASEY H. WYMAN JAMES P. MCCAMPBELL NATHAN S. CHUMBLER LIVATH XAYASANE ANGIE D. MCCONNICO EMILY M. CORBIN REYN M. YAMASHIRO KEITH W. MCDONALD SARAH K. CUDD PHILIP A. YARBOROUGH JORGE L. MENDOZA JENNIFER C. EFFLER JACOB R. YATES WILLIAM A. MOLINA KERRIE L. FARRAR KYLE G. YATES KIMBERLY J. MOORE ELLIOTT R. GARBER MAX W. YATES TIFFANY J. MOORE DAWN M. HULL GRACE U. YI DAVID S. MORAN ROBERT K. KIM BRIAN P. YODER MAYKO L. MOSES TIFFANY L. KIMBRELL MICAH S. YOST LAUREY K. MUNCH KELLY A. LOVE AARON J. YOUNG NICHOLAS C. MURPHY SARAH A. LUCIANO CARMEN E. YOUNG KEYONA M. NELSON SHANNON L. MCLEAN JOHN J. ZAIMIS MIGUEL NEMETH SEAN P. MCPECK FARAKH BALAL ZAMAN TINIKA N. NIXON ALICIA M. MOREAU ANDREW J. ZANRUCHA SOFIYA NUKALO KRISTINA A. PUGH CHRISTOPHER D. ZAREMSKI MATTHEW A. OCONNOR ELLIOT RAMOSRIVERA MATTHEW W. ZAYATZ MONICA M. OLSON ANDREW J. SCHRADER TABATHA R. ZELLHART ANGELA D. PALMER ELAD I. STOTLAND SCOTT C. ZETTERSTROM EBONY A. PETERMAN MICHAEL J. VANDERWALKER ROBERT E. ZICKEFOOSE II DIONNE D. PHILLIPS VIRGINIA C. WHITE MARSHALL R. ZIEMANSKI BENILANI M. PINEDA APRIL D. WILLIAMS KENNETH J. ZIMMERMAN AKIL RAHMAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TIMOTHY G. ZISHKA ROBERT S. REVELS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY AARON ZORN TIFFANY E. RICHARDS MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- CURTIS ZOSS ROBIN C. RIGGS TIONS 624 AND 3064: RACHEL M. ZOTTO TABITHA L. RILEY JOSEPH V. ZUEHL, JR. WILFREDO E. RIVERASILVA To be major MICHAEL T. ROBERTSON DEVIN LEE ZUFELT WENDY M. ADAMIAN JORGE J. RUBIO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CHRYSTAL J. AGNOR ANTHONY M. SABATINI TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR MICHAEL L. AHRENS SONIA M. SHAKIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JONATHAN D. AKERS KRISTEN E. SHEAR CHRISTOPHER S. ALFEREZ CHRISTINE C. SHEPHERD To be major NOLAN H. ANDERSON III LECRESHIA S. SHIELDS BRANDON J. ARCHER CHRISTOPHER T. STEIN ANGELA K. SHRADER MANUEL A. BACCINELLI MELANIE D. SIMS IN THE ARMY MICHAEL T. BADDLEY LAVEETA S. SPRINGER EVETTE C. BARNES BLAIR M. STONE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT DONELL L. BARNETT DUANE N. THOMAS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TANYA A. BARTLETT REGINA M. THORP NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND SATHELIER L. BATES CLAUDIA I. TORRES 3064: RAYMOND T. BECKMAN TRAM N. UNG DAVID J. BEHRMANN To be major VIKKI A. VARISCE YOLANDA T. BENSON VERNETTA C. WARNER ADRIAN R. ALGARRA ANDREW T. BIGELOW MARLA A. WASHINGTON TERRI C. ANDREWS DANA BRENNER DELLENE R. WEBB NIKKI L. ARMSTRONG JULIE C. BRIDGES GREGORY B. WILLIAMS CHAD W. BACKUS REBEKAH C. BROADY CHRISTINE M. BACSA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JOCEPHUS S. CARLILE KIMBERLY M. BANNISTER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY ERICA H. CHAE KIMBERLY A. BARCUS MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., ANDRE C. CHANCE SHERI L. BATES SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: ANDRE P. CHAPLIN JOEL C. BAUZON To be major STEVEN S. S. CHO JEAN Y. BELL FRANCIS G. CICCHINI TERRIE L. BOISVENUHOATLAND PHILIP O. ADAMS CANDICE M. CLARK KAY M. BOLIN MICHAEL C. ATCHLEY LAURA L. R. CLARK

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THOMAS J. CLIFFORD TAMMY L. ROHRBACH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT SAMUEL COLEMAN III ROBERTO SANCHEZPEREZ TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY THOMAS C. COLLINS JODI L. SANTIAGO UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MICHAEL K. CONNELLY VERONICA F. SCHOENBORN JASON A. CONSTANTINEAU SEAN P. SEAY To be colonel MICHAEL A. COOMBES RALPH J. SEPULVEDA WILLIAM D. ROSE CESAR A. COSTALES LACEY M. SHARKEY CARA E. COXCOLEMAN WILLIAM T. SHONTZ THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER IN THE GRADE INDI- JAMIE L. CULBREATH BRYAN D. SHRIVES CATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, ANGELA R. DAVIS DAVID L. SMITH U.S.C., SECTION 12203: JENNY L. DAVIS BOBBI S. SNOWDEN To be colonel ROBERT B. DAVIS PERRY C. SOSEBEE, JR. AMANDA J. DECKER JAMIE L. SPAYDE MARK W. MANOSO DAWN N. STEPHENS MARY A. DEJOSEPH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER IN THE GRADE INDI- SARAH M. SUBLETT PETER J. DELL CATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, DERREK M. SUMMERS DARREN D. DENT U.S.C., SECTION 12203: THOMAS J. DOLCE KENNETH W. SWANSON DIONNE DRAYTON SIERRA A. L. SYMONETTE To be colonel NATHAN A. DREWELOW KAREN E. THOMAS PHILIP B. DUFF III SARA V. TURINSKY ERIC F. SABETY KARL V. UMBRASAS VINCENT L. DUNCAN IN THE NAVY CRAIG S. EATON DANIELLE A. VAZQUEZ CAITLIN J. EBBETS ERICK M. VINES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY AIDA M. ECHEVARRIA ALIZA L. VINSON APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE CLINTON D. ELLIS BETHANY A. WAGNER UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION MARK J. EUSE NATHAN T. WAGNER 5721: HEATHER M. WAITE RAYSON E. EVBUOMWAN WILLIAM K. WHITE KURTIS P. EVICK To be lieutenant commander ERIK C. WIESEHAN DEREK L. FELDER ANDREW T. WILSON MATTHEW T. ALLEN JULIAN P. GILBERT FABIOLA WILSON VANCE R. BEATTY WALTER L. GLASCO JENNIFER D. WILSON BRIAN T. BITTNER DANIEL L. GONZALEZ DANIEL W. WINNIE SAMUEL H. BLAIR GEORGE C. GOODWYN RYAN D. WOOD THOMAS K. BREWER VANESSA GOOSEN RONALD L. WOODBURY WILLIAM R. BRIDGES JOHN C. GORBET EDDIE S. WRIGHT TIMOTHY B. BROCK SUSAN N. GOSINE GINA M. WRIGHT LOWELL E. BRUHN STEVEN P. GUTIERREZ CHARLES J. WYATT JEFFREY C. BUENAVENTURA SARA J. HAIMES RENDY F. YUDHISTIRA JEFFREY L. BURKHOLDER CALE T. HAMILTON DAVID C. ZGONC MATTHEW J. CAMPBELL ELIZABETH E. HAMILTON VICTOR E. ZOTTIG PAUL J. COLWELL LAUREN M. HAMLIN D011667 MORGAN M. DIETZEL GREGORY W. HARE D012433 ERIC T. FAIRCLOTH JESSICA M. HARMON GRAHAM D. FLETTERICH DEBBIE A. HARRIS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY ANDREW S. FOOR TONJA R. HARRIS GREGORY E. HITT TRAVIS C. HELM MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- TIONS 624 AND 3064: PRESTON S. HOOPS WILLIAM L. HENJUM CARLOS M. IGUINA JONATHAN P. HICKS To be major CHRISTOPHER D. IVEY EARL W. HIRATA JOHN B. JUDY MATTHEW J. HOLUTA VERNITA M. CORBETT KRISTOPHER J. KELLOGG VICTORIA L. IJAMES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT SCOTT M. KENNICOTT JENNIFER M. IRWIN TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY ANDREW L. LAIDLER KARA L. JENSEN JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, WINSTON B. LANGHAM ROBBIE S. JOHNSON, JR. U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: KRISTOPHER R. LEWIS JENNIFER A. JONES To be lieutenant colonel YILEI LIU PHILIP S. KABERLINE CATHERINE S. LONG WILLIAM T. KILGORE MATTHEW H. ADAMS DOUGLAS K. MCKENZIE STACEY A. KRAUSS LARRY A. BABIN, JR. NICHOLAS G. MILLER AARON N. KRUPP CHAD B. BALFANZ CHRISTOPHER B. MINICK STEPHEN P. KRUTKO JACOB D. BASHORE JASON M. MOODY ANGELICA M. LABOONE RYAN BEERY GARRETT T. MOORE BETHANY G. LANDECK CANDACE M. BESHERSE GAROLD I. MUNSON NABIL H. LATIF BRADFORD D. BIGLER GREGORY A. PAULUS GENNARO V. LAYO JOHN W. BROOKER RUSSELL G. PAV DARLENE A. LAZARD BAILEY W. BROWN III TIMOTHY D. PONSHOCK JUSTIN M. LILLY STEVEN J. COLLINS ERIC T. REGNIER EHREN A. LINDERMAN JESSICA CONN JOSE J. REYES BJORN C. LISTERUD MELISSA R. COVOLESKY DAVID R. RINEHART MATTHEW L. LOPRESTI PATRICK L. DAVIS JONATHAN M. ROGAN ANDREW J. MACCINI CHRISTIAN L. DEICHERT ALBERTO C. RUIZ JUSTINE J. MAJERES DANIEL D. DERNER PATRICK D. SHOUVLIN TYLER J. MARK JEROME P. DUGGAN PATRICK R. STONE LLOYD A. MASON DAVID A. DULANEY DAVID K. TAWEEL SETH A. MAYER CHRISTOPHER M. FORD JUDSON J. C. THOMAS EUGENIA E. MCDANIEL LAWRENCE P. GILBERT JAMIE A. TURF ROBERT C. MCDONOUGH RICHARD E. GORINI ADAM R. TURPIN JOSEPH W. MCGEE, JR. JOHN J. GOWEL GERALD E. VINEYARD NICOLE L. MCNISH KATHERINE S. GOWEL JASON I. WELLS AMASA L. MECHAM PATRICK B. GRANT JASON M. WILLIAMS LYSSA L. MEHALL KELLI A. HOOKE ADAM C. WISEMAN JESSE M. MONCIVAIS SCOTT Z. HUGHES JOSHUA F. ZIMMER ERIC R. MOORMAN NATHAN P. JACOBS MICAH J. MORINO THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR APPOINT- KEVIN M. JINKS CHRISTOPHER D. MORISOLI MENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY SALLY M. JUAREZ KRISTI L. MUELLER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: KEIRSTEN H. KENNEDY DUSTIN P. MULLINS DANIEL R. KICZA To be lieutenant commander JOYCE M. MULLINS MATTHEW A. KRAUSE ANDREW R. NEIGHBORS RICHARD W. LANG GARY R. LEVY, JR. JUSTIN C. NEVINS MARCO A. MARTINEZ KEVIN A. MCCARTHY KENESHA D. PACE HERNAN PINILLA TODD A. MESSINGER TODD A. PERRY BRADLEY E. SHEMLUCK DONALD L. POTTS VIDHIKA M. PERSAUD KRISTY L. RADIO SANTIAGO PIMIENTA TERESA L. RAYMOND MEGAN E. PITTENGER f ROBERT A. RODRIGUES STEVEN L. PLAXCO VINCENT T. SHULER WILLIAM A. POLAND ANDREW J. SMITH WITHDRAWAL LUCAS L. K. POON GREGORY T. STRICKER WENDY L. PRICE TIMOTHY W. THOMAS Executive Message transmitted by LUIS J. QUINONESVARGAS MEGAN WAKEFIELD RYAN M. RAUSCH the President to the Senate on Feb- D012453 SAMANTHA S. RIEGER ruary 22, 2016 withdrawing from further DEVON V. RILEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MATTHEW C. RILEY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY Senate consideration the following AARON F. ROBERTS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: nomination: JOSEPH T. ROBINETTE To be lieutenant colonel CHARMEON W. ROBINSON FOREIGN SERVICE NOMINATION OF ERIC N. RUMPF, THOMAS F. ROBINSON MICHAEL F. COERPER WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON JANUARY 13, 2015.

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SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS fiscal year 2017 for the Department of ing on the next steps to improve jus- State. tice systems in Indian communities. Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, SD–124 SH–216 agreed to by the Senate of February 4, 2:15 p.m. 2 p.m. 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- Committee on Appropriations Committee on Health, Education, Labor, tem for a computerized schedule of all Subcommittee on Department of Home- and Pensions meetings and hearings of Senate com- land Security To hold hearings to examine the nomina- mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- To hold hearings to examine proposed tion of John B. King, of New York, to tees, and committees of conference. budget estimates and justification for be Secretary of Education. fiscal year 2017 for the Department of SD–430 This title requires all such committees Homeland Security. to notify the Office of the Senate Daily Select Committee on Intelligence SD–192 To hold closed hearings to examine cer- Digest—designated by the Rules Com- 2:30 p.m. tain intelligence matters. mittee—of the time, place and purpose Committee on Appropriations SH–219 Subcommittee on Energy and Water Devel- of the meetings, when scheduled and 2:30 p.m. opment any cancellations or changes in the Committee on the Judiciary meetings as they occur. To hold hearings to examine proposed budget estimates and justification for Subcommittee on Immigration and the Na- As an additional procedure along fiscal year 2017 for the Nuclear Regu- tional Interest with the computerization of this infor- latory Commission. To hold hearings to examine the impact mation, the Office of the Senate Daily SD–138 of high-skilled immigration on United Digest will prepare this information for Committee on Armed Services States workers. printing in the Extensions of Remarks Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and SD–226 section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Capabilities on Monday and Wednesday of each To hold closed hearings to examine MARCH 2 week. Iran’s intelligence and unconventional 10 a.m. military capabilities. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, Feb- SVC–217 Transportation ruary 23, 2016 may be found in the Special Committee on Aging To hold an oversight hearing to examine Daily Digest of today’s RECORD. To hold hearings to examine opioid use the Federal Communications Commis- among seniors, focusing on issues and sion. emerging trends. MEETINGS SCHEDULED SR–253 SD–562 Committee on Veterans’ Affairs FEBRUARY 24 To hold a joint hearing with the House FEBRUARY 25 10 a.m. Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to ex- Committee on Environment and Public 9:30 a.m. amine the legislative presentation of Works Committee on Armed Services the Veterans of Foreign Wars. To hold an oversight hearing to examine To hold hearings to examine the nomina- SD–G50 the Renewable Fuel Standard. tions of Brad R. Carson, of Oklahoma, SD–406 to be Under Secretary for Personnel MARCH 3 Committee on Foreign Relations and Readiness, Jennifer M. O’Connor, To hold hearings to examine ending mod- of Maryland, to be General Counsel, 10 a.m. ern slavery. and Todd A. Weiler, of Virginia, to be Committee on Banking, Housing, and SD–419 an Assistant Secretary, all of the De- Urban Affairs Committee on Health, Education, Labor, partment of Defense. Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Pensions SD–G50 and Investment To hold hearings to examine the Zika 10 a.m. To hold hearings to examine regulatory virus, focusing on addressing the grow- Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and reforms to improve equity market ing public health threat. Forestry structure. SD–430 Business meeting to consider the Chair- SD–538 Committee on Veterans’ Affairs man’s mark on biotechnology labeling Committee on Energy and Natural Re- To hold a joint hearing with the House solutions. sources Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to ex- SR–328A To hold hearings to examine the Presi- amine the legislative presentation of Committee on Homeland Security and dent’s proposed budget request for fis- The American Legion. Governmental Affairs cal year 2017 for the Department of En- SH–216 To hold hearings to examine connecting ergy. 10:30 a.m. patients to new and potential life sav- SD–366 Committee on Appropriations ing treatments. Committee on Veterans’ Affairs Subcommittee on Department of Defense SD–342 To hold hearings to examine proposed Committee on Small Business and Entre- To hold a joint hearing with the House budget estimates and justification for preneurship Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to ex- fiscal year 2017 for the Army. To hold hearings to examine changes to amine the legislative presentation of SD–192 the United States patent system and multiple Veterans Service Organiza- Committee on Homeland Security and impacts on America’s small businesses. tions. Governmental Affairs SR–428A CHOB–345 Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and 10:30 a.m. Federal Management Committee on Appropriations MARCH 8 To hold hearings to examine the Un- Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, 10 a.m. funded Mandates Reform Act, focusing Science, and Related Agencies Committee on Energy and Natural Re- on opportunities for improvement to To hold hearings to examine proposed sources support state and local governments. budget estimates and justification for To hold hearings to examine the Presi- SD–342 fiscal year 2017 for the Department of dent’s proposed budget request for fis- 2 p.m. Justice. cal year 2017 for the Forest Service. Committee on Appropriations SD–192 SD–366 Subcommittee on State, Foreign Oper- 1:30 p.m. ations, and Related Programs Committee on Indian Affairs To hold hearings to examine proposed To hold hearings to examine the Tribal budget estimates and justification for Law and Order Act 5 years later, focus-

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:30 Feb 23, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0626 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\M22FE8.000 E22FEPT1 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with REMARKS Monday, February 22, 2016 Daily Digest Senate ation of S. 2234, to award the Congressional Gold Chamber Action Medal, collectively, to the members of the Office of Routine Proceedings, pages S889–S923 Strategic Services (OSS) in recognition of their supe- Measures Introduced: Six bills and one resolution rior service and major contributions during World were introduced, as follows: S. 2558–2563, and S. War II, and the bill was then passed. Pages S914–15 Res. 371. Page S910 Congratulating the Denver Broncos: Senate Measures Reported: agreed to S. Res. 371, congratulating the Denver S. 524, to authorize the Attorney General to Broncos for winning Super Bowl 50. Page S915 award grants to address the national epidemics of Washington’s Farewell Address: Senator Coons prescription opioid abuse and heroin use, with an performed the traditional reading of Washington’s amendment in the nature of a substitute. Page S910 Farewell Address. Pages S889–93 Measures Passed: Califf Nomination—Agreement: Senate resumed John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources Sys- consideration of the nomination of Robert tem: Committee on Environment and Public Works McKinnon Califf, of South Carolina, to be Commis- was discharged from further consideration of H.R. sioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and 890, to revise the boundaries of certain John H. Human Services. Page S907 Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System units in During consideration of this nomination today, Florida, and the bill was then passed. Page S914 Senate also took the following action: By 80 yeas to 6 nays (Vote No. 24), Senate agreed Illiana Health Care System: Committee on Vet- to the motion to close further debate on the nomina- erans’ Affairs was discharged from further consider- tion. Page S907 ation of H.R. 3262, to provide for the conveyance A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro- of land of the Illiana Health Care System of the De- viding for further consideration of the nomination, partment of Veterans Affairs in Danville, Illinois, post-cloture, at approximately 10 a.m., on Tuesday, and the bill was then passed. Page S914 February 23, 2016; and that all time during the re- Commission on Care: Committee on Veterans’ cess and adjournment of the Senate count post-clo- Affairs was discharged from further consideration of ture on the nomination. Page S915 H.R. 4437, to extend the deadline for the submittal Nominations Received: Senate received the fol- of the final report required by the Commission on lowing nominations: Care, and the bill was then passed. Page S914 Christine Ann Elder, of Kentucky, to be Ambas- ‘‘The Community Living Center’’ at the Lake sador to the Republic of Liberia. Baldwin Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic: Elizabeth Holzhall Richard, of Virginia, to be Committee on Veterans’ Affairs was discharged from Ambassador to the Lebanese Republic. further consideration of H.R. 4056, to direct the The following named officer for appointment to Secretary of Veterans Affairs to convey to the Florida the grade indicated in the United States Army Med- Department of Veterans Affairs all right, title, and ical Service Corps under title 10, U.S.C., sections interest of the United States to the property known 624 and 3064: as ‘‘The Community Living Center’’ at the Lake 8 Army nominations in the rank of general. Baldwin Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic, Or- 10 Marine Corps nominations in the rank of gen- lando, Florida, and the bill was then passed. eral. Page S914 Routine lists in the Air Force, Army, Foreign Office of Strategic Services Congressional Gold Service, and Navy. Page S915 Medal Act: Committee on Banking, Housing, and Nomination Withdrawn: Senate received notifica- Urban Affairs was discharged from further consider- tion of withdrawal of the following nomination: D146

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A routine list in the Foreign Service. Page S923 Record Votes: One record vote was taken today. Page S907 Messages from the House: Page S910 (Total—24) Adjournment: Senate convened at 3 p.m. and ad- Measures Referred: Page S910 journed at 6:56 p.m., until 10 a.m. on Tuesday, Additional Cosponsors: Pages S910–12 February 23, 2016. (For Senate’s program, see the re- Statements on Introduced Bills/Resolutions: marks of the Majority Leader in today’s Record on Pages S912–13 page S915.) Additional Statements: Pages S908–10 Committee Meetings Notices of Intent: Page S913 Notices of Hearings/Meetings: Pages S913–14 (Committees not listed did not meet) No committee meetings were held. h House of Representatives Chamber Action COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2016 The House was not in session today. The House is scheduled to meet at 2 p.m. on Tuesday, February (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) 23, 2016, pursuant to the provisions of S. Con. Res. Senate 31. Committee on Armed Services: to hold hearings to examine U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Forces Korea in review Committee Meetings of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2017 and the Future Years Defense Program, 9:30 a.m., No hearings were held. SD–G50. Subcommittee on Personnel, to hold hearings to exam- ine defense health care reform, 2:30 p.m., SD–G50. Joint Meetings Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, to hold hearings to No joint committee meetings were held. examine the Department of Energy atomic energy defense activities and programs in review of the defense author- f ization request for fiscal year 2017 and the Future Years NEW PUBLIC LAWS Defense Program, 2:30 p.m., SR–232A. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: Sub- (For last listing of Public Laws, see DAILY DIGEST, p. D129) committee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Ma- H.R. 757, to improve the enforcement of sanc- rine Infrastructure, Safety and Security, to hold hearings tions against the Government of North Korea. to examine passenger rail, focusing on opportunities and Signed on February 18, 2016. (Public Law 114–122) challenges for the national network, 9:45 a.m., SR–253. H.R. 907, to improve defense cooperation be- Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard, to hold hearings to examine the Magnuson- tween the United States and the Hashemite King- Stevens Act at 40, focusing on successes, challenges, and dom of Jordan. Signed on February 18, 2016. (Pub- the path forward, 2:30 p.m., SR–253. lic Law 114–123) Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: to hold hear- H.R. 3033, to require the President’s annual ings to examine the President’s proposed budget request budget request to Congress each year to include a for fiscal year 2017 for the Department of the Interior, line item for the Research in Disabilities Education 10 a.m., SD–366. program of the National Science Foundation and to Committee on Finance: to hold hearings to examine the require the National Science Foundation to conduct opioid epidemic, focusing on challenges and opportuni- research on dyslexia. Signed on February 18, 2016. ties, 10 a.m., SD–215. (Public Law 114–124) Committee on Foreign Relations: to hold hearings to exam- ine the President’s proposed budget request for fiscal year 2017 for the Department of State, 10 a.m., SD–419.

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Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions: to mark on biotechnology labeling solutions, 10 a.m., hold hearings to examine Every Student Succeeds Act im- SR–328A. plementation in states and school districts, focusing on Committee on Appropriations: February 24, Subcommittee perspectives from education leaders, 10 a.m., SD–430. on Department of Defense, to hold hearings to examine Committee on the Judiciary: to hold hearings to examine proposed budget estimates and justification for fiscal year the unaccompanied children crisis, focusing on how to 2017 for the Army, 10:30 a.m., SD–192. stop the border surge and adequately monitor the chil- February 24, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Oper- dren, 10 a.m., SD–226. ations, and Related Programs, to hold hearings to exam- Committee on Veterans’ Affairs: to hold hearings to exam- ine proposed budget estimates and justification for fiscal ine the President’s proposed budget request for fiscal year year 2017 for the Department of State, 2 p.m., SD–124. 2017 for Veterans’ Programs and fiscal year 2018 advance February 24, Subcommittee on Department of Home- appropriations request, 10 a.m., SR–418. land Security, to hold hearings to examine proposed Full Committee, to hold a joint hearing with the budget estimates and justification for fiscal year 2017 for House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to examine the the Department of Homeland Security, 2:15 p.m., legislative presentation of the Disabled American Vet- SD–192. erans, 2 p.m., 345, Cannon Building. February 24, Subcommittee on Energy and Water De- Select Committee on Intelligence: to hold closed hearings to velopment, to hold hearings to examine proposed budget examine certain intelligence matters, 2:30 p.m., SH–219. estimates and justification for fiscal year 2017 for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2:30 p.m., SD–138. House February 25, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Financial Science, and Related Agencies, to hold hearings to exam- Services and General Government, budget hearing on the ine proposed budget estimates and justification for fiscal Office of Management and Budget, 3 p.m., 2359 Ray- year 2017 for the Department of Justice, 10:30 a.m., burn. SD–192. Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Re- Committee on Armed Services: February 23, to hold hear- lated Agencies, budget hearing on the Department of ings to examine U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Forces Commerce, 4:30 p.m., H–309 Capitol. Korea in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Committee on Rules, Full Committee, hearing on H.R. fiscal year 2017 and the Future Years Defense Program, 2406, the ‘‘SHARE Act’’; H.R. 3624, the ‘‘Fraudulent 9:30 a.m., SD–G50. Joinder Prevention Act of 2015’’, 5 p.m., H–313 Capitol. February 23, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, to Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, Subcommittee on Over- hold hearings to examine the Department of Energy sight and Investigations, hearing entitled ‘‘Persian Gulf atomic energy defense activities and programs in review War: An Assessment of Health Outcomes on the 25th of the defense authorization request for fiscal year 2017 Anniversary’’, 4:30 p.m., 334 Cannon. and the Future Years Defense Program, 2:30 p.m., SR–232A. Joint Meetings February 23, Subcommittee on Personnel, to hold hear- Joint Hearing: Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, ings to examine defense health care reform, 2:30 p.m., to hold a joint hearing with the House Committee on SD–G50. Veterans’ Affairs to examine the legislative presentation of February 24, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and the Disabled American Veterans, 2 p.m., 345, Cannon Capabilities, to hold closed hearings to examine Iran’s in- Building. telligence and unconventional military capabilities, 2:30 p.m., SVC–217. f February 25, Full Committee, to hold hearings to ex- CONGRESSIONAL PROGRAM AHEAD amine the nominations of Brad R. Carson, of Oklahoma, to be Under Secretary for Personnel and Readiness, Jen- Week of February 23 through February 26, 2016 nifer M. O’Connor, of Maryland, to be General Counsel, and Todd A. Weiler, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Sec- Senate Chamber retary, all of the Department of Defense, 9:30 a.m., On Tuesday, Senate will continue consideration of SD–G50. the nomination of Robert McKinnon Califf, of South Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: Feb- Carolina, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, ruary 23, Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Department of Health and Human Services, post-clo- Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety and Security, to ture. hold hearings to examine passenger rail, focusing on op- portunities and challenges for the national network, 9:45 During the balance of the week, Senate may con- a.m., SR–253. sider any cleared legislative and executive business. February 23, Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Senate Committees Fisheries, and Coast Guard, to hold hearings to examine the Magnuson-Stevens Act at 40, focusing on successes, (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) challenges, and the path forward, 2:30 p.m., SR–253. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: Feb- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: February 23, ruary 25, business meeting to consider the Chairman’s to hold hearings to examine the President’s proposed

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budget request for fiscal year 2017 for the Department ine the legislative presentation of The American Legion, of the Interior, 10 a.m., SD–366. 10 a.m., SH–216. Committee on Environment and Public Works: February 24, Select Committee on Intelligence: February 23, to hold to hold an oversight hearing to examine the Renewable closed hearings to examine certain intelligence matters, Fuel Standard, 10 a.m., SD–406. 2:30 p.m., SH–219. Committee on Finance: February 23, to hold hearings to February 25, Full Committee, to hold closed hearings examine the opioid epidemic, focusing on challenges and to examine certain intelligence matters, 2 p.m., SH–219. opportunities, 10 a.m., SD–215. Special Committee on Aging: February 24, to hold hear- Committee on Foreign Relations: February 23, to hold ings to examine opioid use among seniors, focusing on hearings to examine the President’s proposed budget re- issues and emerging trends, 2:30 p.m., SD–562. quest for fiscal year 2017 for the Department of State, 10 a.m., SD–419. House Committees February 24, Full Committee, to hold hearings to ex- Committee on Agriculture, February 24, Full Committee, amine ending modern slavery, 10 a.m., SD–419. hearing entitled ‘‘State of the Rural Economy’’, 10 a.m., Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions: Feb- 1300 Longworth. ruary 23, to hold hearings to examine Every Student Suc- February 25, Subcommittee on Commodity Exchanges, ceeds Act implementation in states and school districts, Energy, and Credit, hearing to review the G–20 swap focusing on perspectives from education leaders, 10 a.m., data reporting goals, 10 a.m., 1300 Longworth. SD–430. Committee on Appropriations, February 24, Subcommittee February 24, Full Committee, to hold hearings to ex- on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, budget amine the Zika virus, focusing on addressing the growing hearing on the United States Forest Service, 9:30 a.m., public health threat, 10 a.m., SD–430. B–308 Rayburn. February 25, Full Committee, to hold hearings to ex- February 24, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, amine the nomination of John B. King, of New York, to budget hearing on the Department of Homeland Security, be Secretary of Education, 2 p.m., SD–430. 10 a.m., B–318 Rayburn. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs: February 24, Subcommittee on State, Foreign Oper- February 24, Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs and ations, and Related Programs, budget hearing on the De- Federal Management, to hold hearings to examine the partment of State and Foreign Assistance, 10 a.m., 2359 Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, focusing on opportuni- Rayburn. ties for improvement to support state and local govern- February 24, Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural De- ments, 10:30 a.m., SD–342. velopment, Food and Drug Administration, and Related February 25, Full Committee, to hold hearings to ex- Agencies, budget hearing on USDA Food and Nutrition amine connecting patients to new and potential life sav- Service, 10:15 a.m., 2362–A Rayburn. ing treatments, 10 a.m., SD–342. February 24, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Committee on Indian Affairs: February 25, to hold hear- Science, and Related Agencies, budget hearing on the De- ings to examine the Tribal Law and Order Act 5 years partment of Justice, 10:30 a.m., 2358–C Rayburn. later, focusing on the next steps to improve justice sys- February 24, Subcommittee on Defense, oversight hear- tems in Indian communities, 1:30 p.m., SH–216. ing on United States European Command, 11 a.m., Committee on the Judiciary: February 23, to hold hearings H–140 Capitol. This hearing will be closed. to examine the unaccompanied children crisis, focusing February 24, Subcommittee on Transportation, Hous- on how to stop the border surge and adequately monitor ing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, the children, 10 a.m., SD–226. budget hearing on the Department of Transportation, 2 February 25, Subcommittee on Immigration and the p.m., 2359 Rayburn. National Interest, to hold hearings to examine the impact February 24, Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural De- of high-skilled immigration on United States workers, velopment, Food and Drug Administration, and Related 2:30 p.m., SD–226. Agencies, budget hearing on USDA Food Safety and In- Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship: Feb- spection Service, 2:30 p.m., 2362–A Rayburn. ruary 25, to hold hearings to examine changes to the February 25, Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, United States patent system and impacts on America’s and Related Agencies, budget hearing on the Indian small businesses, 10 a.m., SR–428A. Health Service, 9 a.m., B–308 Rayburn. Committee on Veterans’ Affairs: February 23, to hold February 25, Subcommittee on Military Construction, hearings to examine the President’s proposed budget re- Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies, oversight hearing quest for fiscal year 2017 for Veterans’ Programs and fis- on Veterans Affairs Office of the Inspector General, 9:30 cal year 2018 advance appropriations request, 10 a.m., a.m., 2362–B Rayburn. SR–418. February 25, Subcommittee on Defense, budget hear- February 23, Full Committee, to hold a joint hearing ing on the Department of Defense, 10 a.m., 2359 Ray- with the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to exam- burn. ine the legislative presentation of the Disabled American February 25, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Veterans, 2 p.m., 345, Cannon Building. Human Services, and Education, budget hearing on De- February 24, Full Committee, to hold a joint hearing partment of Health and Human Services, 10 a.m., with the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to exam- 2358–C Rayburn.

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February 25, Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural De- tent of the Every Student Succeeds Act’’, 10 a.m., 2175 velopment, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Rayburn. Agencies, budget hearing on the Food and Drug Admin- Committee on Energy and Commerce, February 24, Sub- istration, 10:30 a.m., 2362–A Rayburn. committee on Health, hearing entitled ‘‘The Fiscal Year February 25, Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, 2017 HHS Budget’’, 10 a.m., 2123 Rayburn. and Related Agencies, budget hearing on the Office of February 24, Subcommittee on Oversight and Inves- Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, 1 p.m., B–308 Ray- tigations, hearing entitled ‘‘DOE for the 21st Century: burn. Science, Environment, and National Security Missions’’, February 25, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, 11:30 a.m., 2322 Rayburn. Science, and Related Agencies, budget hearing on the February 26, Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufac- Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2 p.m., H–309 Capitol. turing, and Trade, hearing entitled ‘‘Disrupter Series: 3D February 25, Subcommittee on Financial Services and Printing’’, 10 a.m., 2123 Rayburn. General Government, budget hearing on the Consumer Committee on Financial Services, February 24, Sub- Product Safety Commission, 2 p.m., HT–2 Capitol. committee on Capital Markets and Government Spon- February 26, Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural De- sored Enterprises, hearing entitled ‘‘The Impact of the velopment, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III on the Fixed Income Mar- Agencies, budget hearing on USDA Natural Resources ket and Securitizations’’, 10 a.m., 2128 Rayburn. and Environment, 9:30 a.m., 2362–A Rayburn. February 25, Subcommittee on Oversight and Inves- February 26, Subcommittee on Energy and Water De- tigations, hearing entitled ‘‘Puerto Rico’s Debt Crisis and velopment, budget hearing on the Army Corps of Engi- Its Impact on the Bond Markets’’, 10 a.m., 2128 Ray- neers, 9:30 a.m., 2359 Rayburn. burn. February 26, Subcommittee on Military Construction, February 25, Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies, oversight hearing hearing entitled ‘‘The Impact of International Regulatory on quality of life in the military, 9:30 a.m., 2362–B Ray- Standards on the Competitiveness of U.S. Insurers: Part burn. II’’, 2 p.m., 2128 Rayburn. Committee on Armed Services, February 24, Full Com- Committee on Foreign Affairs, February 24, Full Com- mittee, hearing entitled ‘‘The Challenge of Conventional mittee, markup on H. Res. 148, calling on the govern- and Hybrid Warfare in the Asia-Pacific Region: The ment of Iran to fulfill their promises of assistance in this Changing the Nature of the Security Environment and Its case of Robert Levinson, the longest held United States Effect on Military Planning’’, 10 a.m., 2118 Rayburn. hostage in our Nation’s history; H. Res. 551, recognizing February 24, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and the importance of the United States-Israel economic rela- Capabilities, hearing entitled ‘‘Department of Defense tionship and encouraging new areas of cooperation; H.R. 3924, the ‘‘Global Development Lab of 2015’’; and H.R. Fiscal Year 2017 Science and Technology Programs: De- 4403, the ‘‘Enhancing Overseas Traveler Vetting Act’’, 10 fense Innovation to Create the Future Military Force’’, 2 a.m., 2172 Rayburn. p.m., 2212 Rayburn. February 24, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, February 24, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, hear- Global Human Rights, and International Organizations; ing entitled ‘‘U.S. Strategic Forces Posture’’, 3:30 p.m., Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa; and 2118 Rayburn. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, joint hearing enti- February 24, Subcommittee on Military Personnel, tled ‘‘Establishing Accountability at the World Intellec- hearing entitled ‘‘Defense Health Agency: Budgeting and tual Property Organization: Illicit Technology Transfers, Structure’’, 5 p.m., 2212 Rayburn. Whistleblowing, and Reform’’, 2 p.m., 2172 Rayburn. February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Full February 24, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Non- Spectrum Security Challenges in Europe and Their Effects proliferation, and Trade, hearing entitled ‘‘Boko Haram: on Deterrence and Defense’’, 10 a.m., 2118 Rayburn. The Islamist Insurgency in West Africa’’, 2 p.m., 2200 February 25, Subcommittee on Seapower and Projec- Rayburn. tion Forces, hearing entitled ‘‘Department of the Navy February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled 2017 Budget Request and Seapower and Projection ‘‘Strengthening U.S. Leadership in a Turbulent World: Forces’’, 2 p.m., 2212 Rayburn. The FY 2017 Foreign Affairs Budget’’, 9:30 a.m., 2172 February 26, Subcommittee on Readiness, hearing enti- Rayburn. tled ‘‘Department of the Army 2017 Budget Request and Committee on Homeland Security, February 25, Sub- Readiness Posture’’, 8 a.m., 2118 Rayburn. committee on Oversight and Management Efficiency, February 26, Subcommittee on Military Personnel, hearing entitled ‘‘Probing DHS’s Botched Management of hearing entitled ‘‘Ensuring Medical Readiness in the Fu- the Human Resources Information Technology Program’’, ture’’, 9:30 a.m., 2212 Rayburn. 10 a.m., 311 Cannon. Committee on Education and the Workforce, February 24, February 25, Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infra- Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Examining the Policies structure Protection, and Security Technologies, hearing and Priorities of the U.S. Department of Education’’, 10 entitled ‘‘Emerging Cyber Threats to the United States’’, a.m., 2175 Rayburn. 2 p.m., 311 Cannon. February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Next February 26, Subcommittee on Emergency Prepared- Steps for K–12 Education: Upholding the Letter and In- ness, Response, and Communications, hearing entitled

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‘‘Food for Thought: Efforts to Defend the Nation’s Agri- February 26, Subcommittee on Transportation and culture and Food’’, 10 a.m., 311 Cannon. Public Assets, hearing entitled ‘‘Oversight of Federal Ve- Committee on the Judiciary, February 24, Full Com- hicles’’, 9 a.m., 2154 Rayburn. mittee, markup on H.R. 3892, the ‘‘Muslim Brotherhood Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, February 24, Terrorist Designation Act of 2015’’, 10 a.m., 2141 Ray- Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Unlocking the Secrets burn. of the Universe: Gravitational Waves’’, 10 a.m., 2318 February 24, Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Rayburn. Commercial and Antitrust Law, hearing entitled ‘‘Triple February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘The Threat to Workers and Households: Impacts of Federal Space Leadership Preservation Act and the Need for Sta- Regulations on Jobs, Wages and Startups’’, 3 p.m., 2141 bility at NASA’’, 10 a.m., 2318 Rayburn. Rayburn. Committee on Small Business, February 25, Subcommittee February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Inter- on Contracting and the Workforce, hearing entitled national Conflicts of Law Concerning Cross Border Data ‘‘Hotline Truths: Issues Raised by Recent Audits of De- Flow and Law Enforcement Requests’’, 10 a.m., 2141 fense Contracting’’, 10 a.m., 2360 Rayburn. Rayburn. Committee on Natural Resources, February 24, Sub- Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, February committee on Water, Power and Oceans, hearing entitled 24, Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, ‘‘The 2016 California Water Supply Outlook During the hearing entitled ‘‘A Review of United States Army Corps El Nin˜o and Three Years of Restricted Water Deliveries’’, of Engineers Reports to Congress on Future Water Re- 10 a.m., 1324 Longworth. sources Development and Chief’s Reports’’, 10 a.m., 2167 February 24, Subcommittee on Oversight and Inves- Rayburn. tigations, hearing entitled ‘‘The Imposition of New Reg- February 25, Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, ulations Through the President’s Memorandum on Miti- and Hazardous Materials, hearing entitled ‘‘Reauthoriza- gation’’, 2 p.m., 1334 Longworth. tion of DOT’s Pipeline Safety Program’’, 10 a.m., 2167 February 24, Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Rayburn. Alaska Native Affairs, hearing on H.R. 3477, the ‘‘Native Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, February 25, Full Com- American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience mittee, business meeting for the official Committee photo Act’’; and H.R. 3599, the ‘‘Eastern Band Cherokee His- of the 114th Congress; markup of pending legislation, toric Lands Reacquisition Act’’, 2:30 p.m., 1324 Long- 10:15 a.m., 334 Cannon. worth. Committee on Ways and Means, February 24, Full Com- February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘The mittee, hearing on the global tax environment in 2016 U.S. Department of Treasury’s Analysis of the Situation and how recent developments are further escalating the in Puerto Rico’’, 10 a.m., 1324 Longworth. immediate need to reform and modernize the U.S. inter- February 25, Subcommittee on Federal Lands, hearing national tax system, 10 a.m., 1100 Longworth. on H.R. 2316, the ‘‘Self-Sufficient Community Lands Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, February 25, Act’’; H.R. 3650, the ‘‘State National Forest Management Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘World Wide Threats’’, Act of 2015’’; H.R. 3826, the ‘‘Mount Hood Cooper Spur 9 a.m., HVC–210. Land Exchange Clarification Act’’; H.R. 4510, the ‘‘Bolts February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘World Ditch Access and Use Act’’; and H.R. 4579, the ‘‘Utah Wide Threats’’, 10 a.m., HVC–304. This hearing will be Test and Training Range Encroachment Prevention and closed. Temporary Closure Act’’, 2 p.m., 1334 Longworth. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, February Joint Meetings 24, Subcommittee on Transportation and Public Assets, hearing entitled ‘‘The Zika Virus: Coordination of a Joint Hearing: February 23, Senate Committee on Vet- Multi-Agency Response’’, 2 p.m., 2154 Rayburn. erans’ Affairs, to hold a joint hearing with the House February 25, Full Committee, hearing entitled ‘‘Secu- Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to examine the legislative rity Clearance Reform: The Performance Accountability presentation of the Disabled American Veterans, 2 p.m., Council’s Path Forward’’, 10 a.m., 2154 Rayburn. 345, Cannon Building. February 25, Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits February 24, Full Committee, to hold a joint hearing and Administrative Rules, hearing entitled ‘‘Review of with the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to exam- Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans (CO–OPs)’’, 2 ine the legislative presentation of The American Legion, p.m., 2154 Rayburn. 10 a.m., SH–216.

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Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 10 a.m., Tuesday, February 23 2 p.m., Tuesday, February 23

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Tuesday: Senate will continue consider- Program for Tuesday: The House is scheduled to meet ation of the nomination of Robert McKinnon Califf, of at 2 p.m. on Tuesday, February 23, 2016, pursuant to South Carolina, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, the provisions of S. Con. Res. 31. Department of Health and Human Services, post-cloture. (Senate will recess from 12:30 p.m. until 2:15 p.m. for their respective party conferences.)

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