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Cintia Dal Bello.Pdf PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica SUBJETIVIDADE E TELE-EXISTÊNCIA NA ERA DA COMUNICAÇÃO VIRTUAL O hiperespetáculo da dissolução do sujeito nas redes sociais de relacionamento Cíntia Dal Bello Doutorado em Comunicação e Semiótica São Paulo 2013 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica SUBJETIVIDADE E TELE-EXISTÊNCIA NA ERA DA COMUNICAÇÃO VIRTUAL O hiperespetáculo da dissolução do sujeito nas redes sociais de relacionamento Cíntia Dal Bello Doutorado em Comunicação e Semiótica São Paulo 2013 CÍNTIA DAL BELLO SUBJETIVIDADE E TELE-EXISTÊNCIA NA ERA DA COMUNICAÇÃO VIRTUAL O hiperespetáculo da dissolução do sujeito nas redes sociais de relacionamento Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora em cumprimento à exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Comunicação e Semiótica pelo Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semióticada Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PEPGCOS-PUC/SP). Área de Concentração: Signo e significação nas mídias Linha de Pesquisa: Cultura e ambientes mediáticos Orientação: Prof. Dr. Eugênio Rondini Trivinho. São Paulo 2013 BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ DEDICATÓRIA À Irinéia, Solina, Antônia e Sancha: luzes e exemplos em minha vida. A meus pais, Márcia e Américo, minha origem, minha fundação, os quais espero honrar, sempre, e ser, sempre, digna extensão. O que seria de mim sem vocês? A meu amado esposo, Vagner, por trilhar a meu lado esse longo e intempestuoso caminho, suportando-me e, comigo, minhas dores. Obrigada, guerreiro! A meus filhos, Lucas, Matheus e Pedro, única e exclusivamente por serem quem são. Minhas bênçãos. AGRADECIMENTOS Há algum tempo, tenho me dedicado à prática meditativa. Nesses momentos de profunda e íntima comunhão, quando considero tudo o que vivi e aprendi nesses últimos quatro anos, intenso sentimento de gratidão inunda meu corpo. Agora, chegado o momento de externar meus agradecimentos, não encontro palavras suficientes para expressar o quanto sou grata à Vida pelas pessoas que conheci, pelos amigos que fiz, pelos mestres que me instigaram e pelos sucessivos eventos que marcaram a jornada. Para mim, não se trata de cumprir uma formalidade. Tenho firme convicção de que jamais chegaria a esse ponto sem o apoio incondicional de alguns e o reconforto de partilhar a jornada com outros, tão apaixonados pelo exercício da pesquisa quanto eu. Em primeiro lugar, gostaria de dizer que me orgulho de ter integrado, no Mestrado e no Doutorado, o Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PEPGCOS/PUC-SP). Espero honrar, como pesquisadora, o nome dessa instituição que me acolheu tão generosamente e também meu orientador, Professor Doutor Eugênio Trivinho, a quem prezo por sua inteligência, competência, profissionalismo e, sobretudo, por sua sensibilidade. Professor, o senhor constitui, para mim, exemplo vivo daquilo que projeto ser no exercício da docência e da pesquisa. Graças a sua atenciosa orientação, pude desenvolver autonomia, densidade teórica e criticidade. Obrigada. A convivência com outros grandes mestres, em sala de aula ou em eventos científicos, constituiu fator motivacional indispensável. Aos Professores Doutores Christine Greiner, Maria Lucia Santaella, Norval Baitello Jr. e Oscar Cesarotto – obrigada. Também sou grata aos Professores Doutores Malena Contrera e Mauro Wilton de Sousa pelas valiosas contribuições que fizeram à pesquisa durante a Banca de Qualificação. Agradeço aos amigos e pesquisadores do CENCIB - Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Comunicação e Cibercultura (PUC-SP/COS), do CISC - Centro Interdisciplinar de Semiótica da Cultura e da Mídia (PUC-SP/COS), do Sociotramas - Grupo de Estudos Multitemático em Redes Sociais (PUC-SP/TIDD) e do Plurimídia - Perspectivas Plurais das Mídias (Uninove). Aos alunos e professores do Colégio Argumento/Objetivo, dos cursos de Publicidade e Propaganda e especialização em Comunicação em Redes Socias da Universidade Nove de Julho, dos cursos de Comunicação Social e especialização em Gestão Estratégica da Comunicação da Universidade Braz Cubas, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Paulista – UNIP; e aos queridos Angela Pintor dos Reis, Ariovaldo Folino Jr., Cecília Saito, Cristina Palhares, Debora Cristine Rocha, Fernanda Rabaglio, Gabriela Pavanato, Gustavo Cavalheiro, Heloisa Prates Pereira, Jorge Marcelo Nomura, Paulo Alves, Pedro Del Picchia, Rafael Tosi, Vanderlei de Oliveira, Walmir Rodrigues Bello e Wilson Dourado, agradeço pelas inúmeras discussões a respeito do tema investigado, nos mais diferentes contextos: aulas, palestras, encontros, seminários. Agradeço, com ênfase, à CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, pelo apoio financeiro que possibilitou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Sandra e André Dal Bello, meus irmãos; Jorge Miklos e Patrícia Fanaya, meus amigos: como sou grata pelos preciosos laços que existem entre nós! Dilva Rosa dos Santos, minha querida: que maravilha poder caminhar, espaçosa e livre, pelos corredores estreitos! E, por fim, expresso minha gratidão a todos os homens e mulheres que, ao longo de suas vidas, deram-se ao trabalho de pensar e depositar suas ideias em registros que encheram minha alma de perguntas e poesia, ironia e perplexidade, tornando-se, senão corresponsáveis, ao menos coparticipantes desta obra que, sob a dedicada orientação do Prof. Dr. Eugênio Trivinho, comprometi-me a tecer. O único conhecimento válido é o que se alimenta de incerteza e o único pensamento que vive é o que se mantém na temperatura de sua própria destruição. Edgar Morin SUMÁRIO RESUMO ...................................................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................................ 19 DE QUE SONHOS E PESADELOS É FEITA A EXPERIÊNCIA DE TELE-EXISTIR? .................................. 21 Sobre a organização dos capítulos ..................................................................................................................... 22 Sobre o percurso................................................................................................................................................. 28 PARTE I: MEDOS E PROMESSAS DO TELE ....................................................................... 31 CAPÍTULO 1 - TELEPRESENÇA E TELE-EXISTÊNCIA: DESDOBRAMENTOS CONCEITUAIS ............. 33 1.1 Tecnologia, comunicação e sentidos de presença ........................................................................................ 34 1.2 Vende-se telepresença, experimenta-se tele-existência ................................................................................ 40 1.3 Tele-existência como redenção: o imaginário pós-humano ......................................................................... 47 1.4 Tele-existência cibermediática ..................................................................................................................... 51 CAPÍTULO 2 – COMUNICAÇÃO, PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA ............................................................ 57 2.1 Mídia como re-existência ............................................................................................................................. 58 2.2 Rumo à espectralidade ................................................................................................................................. 60 2.3 Ausência como problema .............................................................................................................................. 66 CAPÍTULO 3 - TELE-EXISTÊNCIA COMO IMPERATIVO DE ÉPOCA ............................................... 73 3.1 Tempo real e vazio pós-histórico .................................................................................................................. 73 3.2 Em busca de onipotência .............................................................................................................................. 77 3.3 Compulsão e violência.................................................................................................................................. 80 PARTE II: ESPECTRALIZAÇÃO DA EXISTÊNCIA E PROJEÇÃO DO SUJEITO HIPERESPETACULAR ............................................................................................................. 85 CAPÍTULO 1 - NULODIMENSIONALIDADE CIBERESPACIAL ........................................................ 87 1.1 Novas paragens na paisagem digital ............................................................................................................ 92 1.2 Territorialidades imaginadas ....................................................................................................................... 97 CAPÍTULO 2 - A ESPECTRALIZAÇÃO DA EXISTÊNCIA .............................................................. 113 2.1 Projeção subjetiva ...................................................................................................................................... 116 2.2 Arranjamentos tecnoimagéticos ................................................................................................................. 119 2.3 Tensões de
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