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A Concise Dictionary of Middle English
A Concise Dictionary of Middle English A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle English Table of Contents A Concise Dictionary of Middle English...........................................................................................................1 A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat........................................................................................................1 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................3 NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH...................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),..................................................................................................11 A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH....................................................................................12 A.............................................................................................................................................................12 B.............................................................................................................................................................48 C.............................................................................................................................................................82 D...........................................................................................................................................................122 -
Listening Patterns – 2 About the Study Creating the Format Groups
SSRRGG PPuubblliicc RRaaddiioo PPrrooffiillee TThhee PPuubblliicc RRaaddiioo FFoorrmmaatt SSttuuddyy LLiisstteenniinngg PPaatttteerrnnss AA SSiixx--YYeeaarr AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee aanndd CChhaannggee BByy SSttaattiioonn FFoorrmmaatt By Thomas J. Thomas and Theresa R. Clifford December 2005 STATION RESOURCE GROUP 6935 Laurel Avenue Takoma Park, MD 20912 301.270.2617 www.srg.org TThhee PPuubblliicc RRaaddiioo FFoorrmmaatt SSttuuddyy:: LLiisstteenniinngg PPaatttteerrnnss Each week the 393 public radio organizations supported by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting reach some 27 million listeners. Most analyses of public radio listening examine the performance of individual stations within this large mix, the contributions of specific national programs, or aggregate numbers for the system as a whole. This report takes a different approach. Through an extensive, multi-year study of 228 stations that generate about 80% of public radio’s audience, we review patterns of listening to groups of stations categorized by the formats that they present. We find that stations that pursue different format strategies – news, classical, jazz, AAA, and the principal combinations of these – have experienced significantly different patterns of audience growth in recent years and important differences in key audience behaviors such as loyalty and time spent listening. This quantitative study complements qualitative research that the Station Resource Group, in partnership with Public Radio Program Directors, and others have pursued on the values and benefits listeners perceive in different formats and format combinations. Key findings of The Public Radio Format Study include: • In a time of relentless news cycles and a near abandonment of news by many commercial stations, public radio’s news and information stations have seen a 55% increase in their average audience from Spring 1999 to Fall 2004. -
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 97 / Tuesday, May 20, 1997 / Notices
27662 Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 97 / Tuesday, May 20, 1997 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE applicant. Comments must be sent to Ch. 7, Anchorage, AK, and provides the PTFP at the following address: NTIA/ only public television service to over National Telecommunications and PTFP, Room 4625, 1401 Constitution 300,000 residents of south central Information Administration Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20230. Alaska. The purchase of a new earth [Docket Number: 960205021±7110±04] The Agency will incorporate all station has been necessitated by the comments from the public and any failure of the Telstar 401 satellite and RIN 0660±ZA01 replies from the applicant in the the subsequent move of Public applicant's official file. Broadcasting Service programming Public Telecommunications Facilities Alaska distribution to the Telstar 402R satellite. Program (PTFP) Because of topographical File No. 97001CRB Silakkuagvik AGENCY: National Telecommunications considerations, the latter satellite cannot Communications, Inc., KBRW±AM Post and Information Administration, be viewed from the site of Station's Office Box 109 1696 Okpik Street Commerce. KAKM±TV's present earth station. Thus, Barrow, AK 99723. Contact: Mr. a new receive site must be installed ACTION: Notice of applications received. Donovan J. Rinker, VP & General away from the station's studio location SUMMARY: The National Manager. Funds Requested: $78,262. in order for full PBS service to be Telecommunications and Information Total Project Cost: $104,500. On an restored. Administration (NTIA) previously emergency basis, to replace a transmitter File No. 97205CRB Kotzebue announced the solicitation of grant and a transmitter-return-link and to Broadcasting Inc., 396 Lagoon Drive applications for the Public purchase an automated fire suppression P.O. -
Feb04 Calendar
The Mad Folk Refrigerator Cover April 2007 Future Mad Folk Events April 7 Susan Werner, Wil-Mar Center, $14/16 18 S. Water St. West , Fort Atkinson, WI 53538 (920) 563-9391 www.cafecarpe.com For tickets or further information send a stamped self- e-mail: [email protected] addressed envelope to the Madison Folk Music Society. April (Shows at 8:30 p.m. unless otherwise indicated) 3 Tues. Garnet Rogers (8 p.m.)—$15 advance 4 Wed. Garnet Rogers (8 p.m.)—$15 advance Wil-Mar Center • 953 Jenifer Street • Madison, WI 7 Sat. Pieta Brown 11 Wed. David Francey (8 p.m.)—$10 April 12 Thurs. The New Pioneers (7–9 p.m.)—$6 6 Melanie Sue Mausser 13 Fri. Rachael Davis/Ralston—$8 13 The 10th Family Sing, (David Eagan, 249-0409), 19 Thurs. Dave Mallett (8 p.m.)—$15 7 p.m. 20 Fri. LJ Booth 20 Hot Soup (Sue Trainor, Christina Muir and 21 Sat. Bill Camplin Jennie Avila) 27 Fri. Boulder Acoustic Society—$10 27 Chris McNamara and Rick Neely 28 Sat. Peter Mulvey—$16 advance Wisconsin Public Radio Also 821 University Avenue • Madison, WI 53706• (608) 263-8162 Sun. First Sundays, Celtic music “Public sessions” at Willy St. Co-op, 1221 Williamson St., 1–3 p.m. Fourth Sundays, Celtic public Simply Folk session at Cargo Coffee, S. Park St. across from Kohl’s, 1–3 p.m. Sundays, 5 to 8 p.m. on WERN (88.7 FM), WHA (970 AM), WHAD (90.7 FM), WHHI (91.3 FM), WW300BM (107.9 FM), and W215AQ (90.9 FM) Apr. -
Kothmale Community Radio Interorg Project: True Community Radio Or Feel-Good Propaganda?
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Volume 10, Number 1. ISSN: 1492-3831 February – 2009 Kothmale Community Radio Interorg Project: True Community Radio or Feel-Good Propaganda? Liz Harvey-Carter M.A. Integrated Studies Athabasca University Abstract The Kothmale Community Radio and Interorg project in Sri Lanka has been hailed as an example of how a community radio initiative should function in a developing nation. However, there is some question about whether the Kothmale Community Interorg Project is a true community radio initiative that empowers local communities to access ICT services and to participate freely and equally or another ―feel- good‖ project controlled by successive, repressive Sri-Lankan governments and international partners, as alleged by its critics? After two decades of operation, the evidence shows that the Kothmale project is a cautionary tale about what can go wrong when an ICT project is not strongly promoted as a community- based enterprise. The biggest lesson that the Kothmale model can teach us is that control of community radio must be in the hands of the community exclusively if it is to succeed. Keywords: Kothmale, Community Radio, Sri Lanka, ICT, Kothmale Interorg Project Introduction The Kothmale Community Radio Project in Sri Lanka, now called the Kothmale Community Interorg Project, has been hailed as an example of how a community radio initiative should function within a developing nation, particularly one that has been embroiled in a long, brutal civil war (FAO, no date; Hughes, 2003; IDS, 2002; Jayaweera, 1998; Op de Coul, 2003; Seneviratne, 2007; Seneviratne, 2000). While this project is described as a success, ostensibly enabling the limited community it serves to participate in ICT and to decide which aspects of their culture(s) will be broadcast or featured on air or online, it can be argued that it has failed to realize its promise as an engine for change and freedom of expression (Gunawardene, 2007). -
March/April 2021
MARCH/APRIL 2021 WBA Awards Gala Update on Page 3! Sen. Smith to visit Summer Conference CHAIR’S COLUMN The President and CEO of the National Association Positivity important as end to pandemic nears of Broadcasters is coming to the WBA Summer Con- ference in August. Is it spring? As I write this, we are experiencing mild weather and many parts of Wisconsin have hit 50 Senator Gordon Smith will be the keynote speaker degrees. After the bitter cold temperatures we had in on Aug. 26, the second day of the conference at the February how can a person not think of spring. Blue Harbor Resort in Sheboygan. Sue Keenom, Senior Vice President, State, Interna- We are steadily showing signs of ending the COVID Smith tional, and Board Relations for NAB, will be joining pandemic. There was a recent article from Dr. Marty him. Makary of John Hopkins University that read the U.S. could reach herd immunity early in the second “We’re thrilled to have Sen. Smith join us as we celebrate the 70th Chris Bernier quarter this year and may already be reaching it. He year of the WBA,” said WBA President and CEO Michelle Vetterkind. WBA Chair states that COVID cases have dropped 77 percent in “This will be our first opportunity to gather since the pandemic and the Untied States in the last six weeks. We try to provide positive facts a perfect occasion to celebrate.” like this to our staff, particularly our salespeople. When making sales Smith joined the National Association of Broadcasters as president calls, I want our people to be positive. -
Success Highlights Importance of Member Involvement
MARCH/APRIL 2020 CHAIR’S COLUMN Success highlights importance of member involvement The Wisconsin Broadcasters Association is regarded If you need background on important issues for one of these as one of the best state broadcasting association in meetings, don’t hesitate to contact the WBA office for support. Also, the country. This is according to Sen. Gordon Smith, when we have these local meetings, we should constantly remind the President and CEO of the National Association the elected officials of our value, how we are involved in virtually of Broadcasters. everything that happens in our communities, and the millions of During our recently completed legislative trip to dollars that Wisconsin Broadcasters help raise for their communities Washington DC, we also heard this from many every year. leaders of other state associations. The WBA is so We recently celebrated another legislative victory in the state Chris Bernier highly regarded because of the dedicated work by when Governor Evers signed into law the bill regarding the use of WBA Chair our President, Michelle Vetterkind, and the staff, but law enforcement body cameras. This was one of our talking points equally as important, is our membership! during State Legislative Day and in local meetings, plus the phone Our membership’s relationships with our elected officials are one of blitz that many of you participated in just before the vote. This is most significant things we can do as local broadcasters. Calling on another triumph in a long list of successes we have had thanks to them during State Legislative Day and in DC is very important. -
Rebuilding Public Trust O
Rebuilding Public Trust , Rebuilding Public Trust O An Assessment of the Media Industry and Profession :-/ in Sri Lanka This report, produced by a participatory research Rebuil ing process that took over a year, provides a comprehensive assessment of the environment for media sector’s development in Sri Lanka. It is based on UNESCO’s Media Development Indicator (MDI) framework, which looks at the diferent factors which should contribute to media development, including the legal framework, :-) economic conditions, human resource development, O the technological environment and safety, as well as the , ublic Trust actual state of media development in the country. “This Assessment comes at a very timely point for Sri Lanka, given that the country now appears to be embarking on a programme of reform and renewal in the media sector, as evidenced by the recent constitutional and Profession in Sri Lanka Assessment of the Media Industry An An Assessment of the Media Industry and Profession in Sri Lanka amendments to provide for a constitutional guarantee for the right to information. It represents an invaluable tool to help those engaged in media reform to identify priorities and key directions.” - Toby Mendel, Executive Director, Centre for Law and Democracy (Canada) Secretariat for Media Reforms Published by May 2016 Secretariat for Media Reforms, Sri Lanka Supported by International Media Support (IMS), Denmark www.mediasupport.org Key topics: Mass Media, Journalism, Media Regulation, Media Policy Freedom of Expression, Media Freedom, Media -
<3°SS*)^§@0 & 1&0 O S)Q5
<3 °SS*)^§@0 & 1 & 0 OS )Q5 THE CEYLON GOVERNMENT GAZETTE ff°2S» 1 2 ,1 4 9 — I 9 6 0 gjs£ 2 4 — 2 4 . 6 . 1 9 6 0 No. 12,149— FR ID A Y, JUNE 24, 1960 (Published by Authority) PART V-BOOK LIST, &c. (Separate paging is given to each language of every Part in order that it may he filed eeparately,) Statement of Books Printed in Ceylon and Registered under the Printers and Publishers Ordinance (Cap. 137), as amended by The Printers and Publishers (Amendment) Act, No. 28 of 1951, during the Quarter ended March 31, 1959 CONTRACTIONS : (a) The language in which the book is written ;(b) The name of the author, translator or editor of the book or any part thereof; (c) The subject; (d) The place of printing; (e) The place of publication ; (f) The name or firm of the printer ; (g) The name or firm of the publisher ; (h) The date of issue from the press ; (i) The number of pages ; (j) The size; (k) The first, second or other number of the edition; (1) The number of copies of which the edition consists ; (m) Whether the book is printed or lithographed; (n) The price at which the book is sold to the public ;(o) The name and ■residence of the proprietor of the copyright,or of any portion of the copyright. Quarter ended March 31,1959—First Quarter 1959 GENERAL WORKS GENERAL PERIODICALS 75175 Muthukumarath Thambiran—Ninaivu Malar 75270 Samastha Lanka Welanda Manthrana Sabhawa— (a) Tamil, (b) S. -
Reaching the Community Through Community Radio
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UC Research Repository REACHING THE COMMUNITY THROUGH COMMUNITY RADIO Readjusting to the New Realities A Case Study Investigating the Changing Nature of Community Access and Participation in Three Community Radio Stations in Three Countries New Zealand, Nepal and Sri Lanka __________________________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Ahmed Zaki Nafiz University of Canterbury 2012 _____________________________________________________________________________ Dedicated to my beloved parents: Abdulla Nafiz and Rasheeda Mohammed Didi i ABSTRACT Community radio is often described as a medium that celebrates the small community life and where local community members plan, produce and present their own programmes. However, many believe that the radio management policies are now increasingly sidelining this aspect of the radio. This is ironic given the fact that the radio stations are supposed to be community platforms where members converge to celebrate their community life and discuss issues of mutual interest. In this case study, I have studied three community radio stations- RS in Nepal, KCR in Sri Lanka and SCR in New Zealand- investigating how the radio management policies are positively or negatively, affecting community access and participation. The study shows that in their effort to stay economically sustainable, the three stations are gradually evolving as a ‘hybrid’; something that sits in-between community and commercial radio. Consequently, programmes that are produced by the local community are often replaced by programmes that are produced by full-time paid staff; and they are more entertaining in nature and accommodate more advertisements. -
The Thorny Road That Sri Lankan Community Radio Travelled Through
Journal of Content, Community & Communication Amity School of Communication Vol. 12 Year 6, December - 2020 [ISSN: 2395-7514 (Print) ] Amity University, Madhya Pradesh [ISSN: 2456-9011 (Online)] STRUGGLING TO BREATHE: THE THORNY ROAD THAT SRI LANKAN COMMUNITY RADIO TRAVELLED THROUGH Dr Ankuran Dutta Associate Professor and Head, Department of Communication and Journalism, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India. K.G.L.A.N.S. Jayawardhana Senior Lecturer, Department of Languages and Communication Studies, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University of Sri Lanka, ABSTRACT Radio is considered as the most widespread electronic mass medium in the world and a unique means of reaching the world‟s poorest communities. However, as far as community radio (CR) is concerned, it addresses issues relevant to the public interest of a particular geographic group or community. It is the foremost medium that gives the marginalised a voice, when their voices are suppressed by the haves and the mainstream mass media which is also under the control of haves. The community radio in Sri Lanka has a four decade old history; yet, the country stands the risk of having this pioneering experience with CR locked away as a memory, as, of now, there is no community radio in true sense available in Sri Lanka. This paper has attempted to find out the reasons behind the failure of community radio broadcasting in Sri Lanka. Using semi-structured in- depth interviews, eight leading community radio activists, advocates and researchers -
May/June 2021
MAY/JUNE 2021 See whichINSIDE! stations from across the state won WBA Awards! CHAIR’S COLUMN Positivity leads to successful broadcasting operations As managers and owners of radio and TV stations in of August at Blue Harbor in Sheboygan. Please attend and bring many Wisconsin, what is the most important part of our of your staff with you. They will enjoy the seminars and sharing ideas job? In some cases, it depends on who you ask. with fellow broadcasters. Retiring NAB head Sen. Gordon Smith will The FCC expects you to operate in the community be attending. It will be great to participate in a LIVE event! interest and follow their technical specifications. The shareholders, or your partners, or the bank expect you to make money so you can pay them. Chris Bernier Yes, those are important, but any successful broad- WBA Chair cast operation is an enjoyable place to work. The employees find it fun to come to work. I believe if we do a good job motivating our staff the business will succeed. One of the first things we must do is lead by example. When we get to the office, we need to be a positive force. We need to be excited to get to the office. When we talk to staff, we need to project enthusi- August 25-26, 2021 asm! The Summer Convention is shaping up to be a terrific event the end Blue Harbor Resort ~ Sheboygan, WI More on pages 4-5 CONTENTS PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Support for LRFA..........................2 WBA award winners provide inspiration Your WBA is in the fortunate position find the full rundown on pages 4-5.