Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Lecture Outline
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FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent in Vitro Antiviral Activity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
pharmaceuticals Article FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 1, , 1, 2 1 Ahmed Mostafa * y , Ahmed Kandeil y , Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier , Omnia Kutkat , Yassmin Moatasim 1, Adel A. Rashad 3 , Mahmoud Shehata 1 , Mokhtar R. Gomaa 1, Noura Mahrous 1, Sara H. Mahmoud 1, Mohamed GabAllah 1, Hisham Abbas 4 , Ahmed El Taweel 1, Ahmed E. Kayed 1, Mina Nabil Kamel 1, Mohamed El Sayes 1, Dina B. Mahmoud 5 , Rabeh El-Shesheny 1 , Ghazi Kayali 6,7,* and Mohamed A. Ali 1,* 1 Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (O.K.); [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.R.G.); [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (S.H.M.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (A.E.T.); [email protected] (A.E.K.); [email protected] (M.N.K.); [email protected] (M.E.S.); [email protected] (R.E.-S.) 2 Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; [email protected] 5 Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12654, Egypt; [email protected] 6 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA 7 Human Link, Baabda 1109, Lebanon * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (M.A.A.) Contributed equally to this work. -
Acinetobacter Baumannii Resistance: a Real Challenge for Clinicians
antibiotics Review Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians Rosalino Vázquez-López 1,* , Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez 2, Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley 1 , Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde 1 , Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo 1, Andrés Rivera Reséndiz 1, Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez 1, Eunice Nabil Vega López 3, Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly 3 , Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández 1 , Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán 1, Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos 1, José Marcos Felix 4, Juan Antonio González Barrios 5 and Tomás Barrientos Fortes 6 1 Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] (J.J.J.V.-W.); [email protected] (J.A.A.V.); [email protected] (L.A.P.A.); [email protected] (A.R.R.); [email protected] (M.M.Á.); [email protected] (D.A.Á.-H.); [email protected] (V.M.G.); [email protected] (J.E.J.B.) 2 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; [email protected] (E.N.V.L.); [email protected] (G.F.-K.) 4 Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext. -
Antibiotic and Antibiotic Resistance
ANTIBIOTIC AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Helle Ericsson Unnerstad Veterinarian, Associate Professor Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden ITP, SVA, 28 September, 2018 Antibiotics or antimicrobials? • Old definition: Antibiotics are naturally produced by microorganisms. • Perhaps more useful definitions today: Antimicrobials are compounds with direct action on microorganisms. They are used for treatment or prevention of infections. Antimicrobials are inclusive of anti-bacterials, anti-virals, anti-fungals and anti-protozoals. Antibiotics are synonymous with anti-bacterials. • “Antibiotic resistance” more familiar for the public than “antimicrobial resistance” according to WHO survey. • In many contexts antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial resistance are used synonymously. Antibiotics – toxins for bacteria Antibiotic Antibiotic activity • Bactericidal activity – kill bacteria • Bacteriostatic activity – inhibit or delay bacterial growth Mechanisms of action for antibiotics Inhibition of Inhibition of cell wall synthesis protein synthesis • Aminoglycosides • Beta lactams • Tetracyclines • Cephalosporins • Macrolides • Glycopeptides • Lincosamides • Chloramphenicol • Fusidic acid • Pleuromutilins Inhibition of Inhibition of folic acid synthesis DNA/RNA synthesis • Sulphonamides • Quinolones • Trimethoprim • Coumarins • Rifamycins Spectra of activity • Broad-spectrum antibiotics Ex. tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, 3:d and 4:th gen cephalosporins, carbapenems (G+, G-, aerobes, -
Acinetobacter Baumannii in a Murine Thigh-Infection Model
RESEARCH ARTICLE Activity of Colistin in Combination with Meropenem, Tigecycline, Fosfomycin, Fusidic Acid, Rifampin or Sulbactam against Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Murine Thigh-Infection Model Bing Fan1,2☯, Jie Guan3☯, Xiumei Wang4, Yulong Cong1* 1 Clinical Laboratory of South Building, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, a11111 China, 2 Clinical Laboratory of the Second Clinical District, the General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China, 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, the General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Fan B, Guan J, Wang X, Cong Y (2016) Abstract Activity of Colistin in Combination with Meropenem, Tigecycline, Fosfomycin, Fusidic Acid, Rifampin or Few effective therapeutic options are available for treating severe infections caused by Sulbactam against Extensively Drug-Resistant extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-AB). Using a murine thigh-infec- Acinetobacter baumannii in a Murine Thigh-Infection tion model, we examined the in vivo efficacy of colistin in combination with meropenem, tige- Model. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157757. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0157757 cycline, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, rifampin, or sulbactam against 12 XDR-AB strains. Colistin, tigecycline, rifampin, and sulbactam monotherapy significantly decreased bacterial Editor: Digby F. Warner, University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA counts in murine thigh infections compared with those observed in control mice receiving no treatment. Colistin was the most effective agent tested, displaying bactericidal activity Received: February 13, 2016 against 91.7% of strains at 48 h post-treatment. -
Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. Exp Antibiotic Agent/ 2
Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. exp antibiotic agent/ 2. (Acedapsone or Alamethicin or Amdinocillin or Amdinocillin Pivoxil or Amikacin or Aminosalicylic Acid or Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination or Amphotericin B or Ampicillin or Anisomycin or Antimycin A or Arsphenamine or Aurodox or Azithromycin or Azlocillin or Aztreonam or Bacitracin or Bacteriocins or Bambermycins or beta-Lactams or Bongkrekic Acid or Brefeldin A or Butirosin Sulfate or Calcimycin or Candicidin or Capreomycin or Carbenicillin or Carfecillin or Cefaclor or Cefadroxil or Cefamandole or Cefatrizine or Cefazolin or Cefixime or Cefmenoxime or Cefmetazole or Cefonicid or Cefoperazone or Cefotaxime or Cefotetan or Cefotiam or Cefoxitin or Cefsulodin or Ceftazidime or Ceftizoxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefuroxime or Cephacetrile or Cephalexin or Cephaloglycin or Cephaloridine or Cephalosporins or Cephalothin or Cephamycins or Cephapirin or Cephradine or Chloramphenicol or Chlortetracycline or Ciprofloxacin or Citrinin or Clarithromycin or Clavulanic Acid or Clavulanic Acids or clindamycin or Clofazimine or Cloxacillin or Colistin or Cyclacillin or Cycloserine or Dactinomycin or Dapsone or Daptomycin or Demeclocycline or Diarylquinolines or Dibekacin or Dicloxacillin or Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate or Diketopiperazines or Distamycins or Doxycycline or Echinomycin or Edeine or Enoxacin or Enviomycin or Erythromycin or Erythromycin Estolate or Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate or Ethambutol or Ethionamide or Filipin or Floxacillin or Fluoroquinolones -
Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020
First independent framework for assessing pharmaceutical company action Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Access to Medicine Foundation would like to thank the following people and organisations for their contributions to this report.1 FUNDERS The Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark research programme is made possible with financial support from UK AID and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Expert Review Committee Research Team Reviewers Hans Hogerzeil - Chair Gabrielle Breugelmans Christine Årdal Gregory Frank Fatema Rafiqi Karen Gallant Nina Grundmann Adrián Alonso Ruiz Hans Hogerzeil Magdalena Kettis Ruth Baron Hitesh Hurkchand Joakim Larsson Dulce Calçada Joakim Larsson Marc Mendelson Moska Hellamand Marc Mendelson Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda Kevin Outterson Katarina Nedog Sarah Paulin (Observer) Editorial Team Andrew Singer Anna Massey Deirdre Cogan ACCESS TO MEDICINE FOUNDATION Rachel Jones The Access to Medicine Foundation is an independent Emma Ross non-profit organisation based in the Netherlands. It aims to advance access to medicine in low- and middle-income Additional contributors countries by stimulating and guiding the pharmaceutical Thomas Collin-Lefebvre industry to play a greater role in improving access to Alex Kong medicine. Nestor Papanikolaou Address Contact Naritaweg 227-A For more information about this publication, please contact 1043 CB, Amsterdam Jayasree K. Iyer, Executive Director The Netherlands [email protected] +31 (0) 20 215 35 35 www.amrbenchmark.org 1 This acknowledgement is not intended to imply that the individuals and institutions referred to above endorse About the cover: Young woman from the Antimicrobial Resistance Benchmark methodology, Brazil, where 40%-60% of infections are analyses or results. -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Options
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment options PREFERRED & ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS Many clinical partners are operating in a limited capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Below are preferred (in clinic or other location where injections can be given) and alternative (when only oral medicines are available 1) treatments for STDs. Syndrome Preferred Treatments Alternative Treatments Follow-up Male urethritis syndrome Ceftriaxone 250mg intramuscular (IM) x 1 PLUS Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women2: Patients should be counseled to azithromycin 1g PO x 1 Cefixime 800 mg PO x 1 PLUS doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days be tested for STDs once clinical Presumptively treating: care is resumed in the local If azithromycin is not available: doxycycline 100 Men who have sex with women only: gonorrhea clinics. Clients who have been mg PO BID for 7 days (except in pregnancy3) Cefixime 800mg PO x 1 PLUS azithromycin 1g PO x 1 referred for oral treatment If cephalosporin allergy5 is reported, gentamicin If cefixime is unavailable, substitute cefpodoxime 400mg PO q12h should return for 240mg IM x 1 PLUS azithromycin 2g PO x 1 x 2 for cefixime in above regimens4 comprehensive testing and screening and linked to services If oral cephalosporin not available or history of cephalosporin at that time. allergy5: azithromycin 2g PO x 1 If azithromycin is not available: doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days (except in pregnancy3) Patients should be advised to abstain from sex for 7 days Treatment typically guided by examination and For presumptive therapy when examination and laboratory following completion of Vaginal discharge syndrome treatment. -
Linezolid - Tigecycline
Linezolid - Tigecycline Paul M. Tulkens, MD, PhD Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Louvain Drug Research Institute Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium With the support of Wallonie-Bruxelles-International 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 1 Dong-A pharmaceuticals and tedizolid: step #1 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 2 Mode of action: • Protein synthesis inhibition: LZD binds to the 23S portion of the ribosomal 50S subunit (the centre of peptidyl transferase activity) → no initial complex 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 3 RNA interaction Karen L. Leach et al, Molecular Cell (2007) 26,393-402 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 4 Spectrum of activity No useful activity against other Gram-negative organisms because of constitutive efflux ! 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 5 Registered clinical indications Linezolid is often used off-label (endocarditis, osteomyelitis, ….) in pace of vancomycin 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 6 Linzezolid: mechanism of resistance 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 7 Can linzolid induce resistance ? 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 8 Linzolid can induce resistance… Locke et al. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 2009;53:5265-5274. 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 9 Linezolid pharmacokinetics 12-11-2015 WBI - HUP Cooperation - Bach Mai Hospital 10 Linezolid human pharmacokinetics Oral therapeutic doses (600mg linezolid q12h for 21 days) Linezolid Tedizolid MIC 90 MIC90 Muñoz et al. ECCMID 2010; P1594 Flanagan SD, et al. Pharmacotherapy 2014;34(3):240–250. -
Azithromycin (Systemic) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Azithromycin (Systemic) This information from Lexicomp® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider. Brand Names: US Zithromax; Zithromax Tri-Pak; Zithromax Z-Pak; Zmax [DSC] Brand Names: Canada ACT Azithromycin [DSC]; AG-Azithromycin; APO-Azithromycin; APO-Azithromycin Z; AURO-Azithromycin; DOM-Azithromycin; GD-Azithromycin [DSC]; GEN- Azithromycin; JAMP-Azithromycin; M-Azithromycin; Mar-Azithromycin; MYLAN- Azithromycin [DSC]; NRA-Azithromycin; PHL-Azithromycin [DSC]; PMS- Azithromycin; PRO-Azithromycin; RATIO-Azithromycin; RIVA-Azithromycin; SANDOZ Azithromycin; TEVA-Azithromycin; Zithromax What is this drug used for? It is used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take this drug? If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had. If you have turned yellow or had liver side effects with this drug before. If you have any of these health problems: Long QTc on ECG or other heartbeat that is not normal, slow heartbeat, or low potassium or magnesium levels. If you have heart failure (weak heart). Azithromycin (Systemic) 1/8 If you have ever had a certain type of abnormal heartbeat (torsades de pointes). If you are taking any drugs that can cause a certain type of heartbeat that is not normal (prolonged QT interval). There are many drugs that can do this. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. -
A Comparative Study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Therapy on COVID-19 Patients
DOI: 10.14744/ejmo.2021.16263 EJMO 2021;5(1):63–70 Research Article A Comparative Study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Therapy on COVID-19 Patients Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin Chowdhury,1 Mohammad Shahbaz,2 Md Rezaul Karim,3 Jahirul Islam, Guo Dan,1 Shuixiang He1 1Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China 2Chakoria Upazilla Health Complex, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh 3Biomedical Research Institute of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China 4Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China Abstract Objectives: We investigated the outcomes of Ivermectin-Doxycycline vs. Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin combina- tion therapy in mild to moderate COVID19 patients. Methods: Patients were divided randomly into two groups: Ivermectin 200µgm/kg single dose + Doxycycline 100mg BID for ten days in group A, and Hydroxychloroquine 400mg for the first day, then 200mg BID for nine days + Azithro- mycin 500mg daily for five days in group B (Control group). RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection was repeated in all symp- tomatic patients on the second day onward without symptoms. Repeat PCR was done every two days onward if the result found positive. Time to the negative PCR and symptomatic recovery was measured for each group. Results: All subjects in Group A reached a negative PCR, at a mean of 8.93 days, and reached symptomatic recovery, at a mean of 5.93 days, with 55.10% symptom-free by the fifth day. In group B, 96.36% reached a negative PCR at a mean of 9.33 days and were symptoms-free at 6.99 days. -
Guidance for Treatment of Covid-19 in Adults and Children
GUIDANCE FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19 IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN Patient population: Adults and pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection, who are admitted on an inpatient floor or to the intensive care unit. Key points: Details regarding isolation/precautions, personal protective equipment, patient movement, family/visitor policy, and cleaning/disinfection can be found here. Clinical symptoms: Range from asymptomatic, uncomplicated upper respiratory tract viral infection to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and septic shock (Table 1) Diagnosis: See current COVID-19 testing recommendations. Treatment: Based on data from several randomized control trials, Remdesivir may provide a modest benefit in a subgroup of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. See further details regarding patient populations (see below) and Table 2. Table 1. Potential Treatment Recommendations by Severity of Disease for Patients 18 Years or Older Most COVID-19 therapeutics have not been studied in children under 18. The below treatment recommendations may apply to some children, however should be addressed on a case-by-case basis and discussed with Pediatric Infectious Diseases. See specific sections for further details Disease severity Potential Treatment Recommendations (per ID consult discretion based on details in Table 2) Post-exposure prophylaxis • See Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines No supplemental oxygen • Supportive care • Monoclonal Antibodies may be an option in certain high-risk patients (see eligibility criteria in Table 2) admitted for reasons other than COVID-19 who have mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19 Low flow supplemental oxygen • Supportive care • Dexamethasone (Exception: Minimal supplemental oxygen (1-2 L) in adults with <7 days of symptoms—uncertain benefit) • Remdesivir High flow supplemental oxygen or non- • Supportive Care invasive mechanical ventilation • Dexamethasone • Tocilizumab (NOTE: currently on shortage and not available for treatment of COVID-19 in patients 18 years an older. -
Farrukh Javaid Malik
I Farrukh Javaid Malik THESIS PRESENTED TO OBTAIN THE GRADE OF DOCTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX Doctoral School, SP2: Society, Politic, Public Health Specialization Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance By Farrukh Javaid Malik “Analysis of the medicines panorama in Pakistan – The case of antimicrobials: market offer width and consumption.” Under the direction of Prof. Dr. Albert FIGUERAS Defense Date: 28th November 2019 Members of Jury M. Francesco SALVO, Maître de conférences des universités – praticien hospitalier, President Université de Bordeaux M. Albert FIGUERAS, Professeur des universités – praticien hospitalier, Director Université Autonome de Barcelone Mme Antonia AGUSTI, Professeure, Vall dʹHebron University Hospital Referee Mme Montserrat BOSCH, Praticienne hospitalière, Vall dʹHebron University Hospital Referee II Abstract A country’s medicines market is an indicator of its healthcare system, the epidemiological profile, and the prevalent practices therein. It is not only the first logical step to study the characteristics of medicines authorized for marketing, but also a requisite to set up a pharmacovigilance system, thus promoting rational drug utilization. The three medicines market studies presented in the present document were conducted in Pakistan with the aim of describing the characteristics of the pharmaceutical products available in the country as well as their consumption at a national level, with a special focus on antimicrobials. The most important cause of antimicrobial resistance is the inappropriate consumption of antimicrobials. The results of the researches conducted in Pakistan showed some market deficiencies which could be addressed as part of the national antimicrobial stewardship programmes. III Résumé Le marché du médicament d’un pays est un indicateur de son système de santé, de son profil épidémiologique et des pratiques [de prescription] qui y règnent.