March Road, Rathven, Buckie, AB56 4BS Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI)

National Grid Reference: NJ43963 65460

Parish: Rathven

Height OD: 30-45m OD

Written and researched by:

Cameron Archaeology

Commissioning client:

Moray Council

Contractor:

Cameron Archaeology 45 View Terrace Aberdeen AB25 2RS 01224 643020 07581 181057 [email protected] www.cameronarchaeology.com Company registration no 372223 (Scotland) VAT registration no 990 4373 00

Date: 28 June 2017 1 BACKGROUND

1.1 The site (Illus 1) is located on the east side of March Road, Rathven south of the junction with Main Road. It is centred on NGR NJ43963 65460, at 30-45m OD in the parish of Rathven. 1.2 The work was commissioned by Moray Council. An application 17/00193/APP to Moray Council for a proposed road development and associated landscaping requires a 5-7% archaeological evaluation. 1.3 All the archaeological work will be carried out in the context of Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) Planning Advice Note (PAN 2/2011) and Historic Environment Scotland's Policy Statement (HESPS) which state that archaeological remains should be regarded as part of the environment to be protected and managed.

Illus 1 Location plan (Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2017)

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Illus 2 Site plan showing proposed development (copyright Moray Council)

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2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 There is one Scheduled Monument within 1km of the proposed development. Tarrieclerack long cairn is 700m from the southern boundary of the site. The monument comprises a long cairn of prehistoric date, visible as a low mound. Cairns of this type are funerary monuments dating to the Neolithic or Bronze Age, and may be expected to contain material relating to their mode of construction and use. The monument was first scheduled in 1971, but an inadequate area was included to protect all of the archaeological remains. The present rescheduling rectifies this. The monument is situated within a small plantation at about 50m OD. It comprises a long cairn composed of small sub-rounded stones and earth and with an overall length of c.37m. The mound was originally trapezoidal and wedge-shaped, with its main axis orientated ENE-WSW. The mound has been robbed in antiquity. A robber trench divides the mound into two portions, measuring c.21m and 16m E-W respectively. The western portion is slightly wider and higher than the eastern portion, with a maximum width of c.15m and a maximum height of 1.8m. In comparison, the eastern portion has a maximum width of 10m and a maximum height of 1.2m. There is a suggestion of the presence of horns, particularly marked on the NE corner of the mound, though these may be entirely due to later stone robbing.

2.2 There are no known archaeological sites within the boundary of the proposed development. The site has been fields since the earliest mapping of the area and ploughed fields since the First edition OS map.

2.3 In the field to the east of the site is the findspot of a cist (HER NJ46NW0002), which contained a partially cremated skeleton. It was found in 1895, and more cists were recorded in the vicinity, 2 or 3 of which contained urns, flint implements and arrowheads.

2.4 Rathven village contains St Peter’s Church (NJ46NW0001), the remains of parish church and graveyard. It was replaced in 1794 by the present parish church (NJ46NW0012), at which time the church was partially destroyed to provide building materials for this. The only remnant of the church, known as the Rannas Aisle, is in the North-East of the graveyard, and is a much restored structure that formed the South aisle of the demolished church, and is dated 1612. It is rectangular, and constructed of harl pointed rubble with ashlar dressings. It is vaulted, with a large Gothic round-headed arch with chamfered ashlar margins, a concave moulded eaves cornice and a flush faced slab roof. Inside is a substantial marble memorial to Andrew Hay of Rannas, who died in 1789, and other memorials to his ancestors from the 15th to the 18th Centuries. The graveyard is large and irregular, and contained by a rubble wall with tooled ashlar cope. Cast-iron railings at the North-West flank a simple entrance with a pair of slender cast-iron gatepiers, and closed by plain spearhead carriage gates. The Southern end of the railings on the West side of the graveyard go into one of a pair of tall square ashlar gatepiers with pyramidal caps supporting a blocked entrance consisting of a round-headed harl pointed rubble and coped wall. A second cast-iron spearheaded gate supported by square gatepiers with pyramidal caps is in the South-West re-entrant angle. There are various tombstones from the 18th century and subsequent dates, and the burial enclosure of Gordons of Farskan and Nether Buckie, erected in 1799, but incorporating a memorial from 1592 (Cramond 1885, 76-7; OSNB, 26, 92).

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2.5 Rathven Mill (HER NJ46NW0011) is a Barley Mill probably built in the mid 19th century and it is depicted on the 1st edition OS map of 1867. Consists of a 2 storey and attic rubble building on an L plan with corrugated iron additions, with a second rectangular building to the W. There is an 8 spoke all iron overshot wheel, 1.01m by 4.42m. Mill dam, lade and sluice lie to the S of the buildings. The two buildings appear to survive, but the dam and sluice do not. Also the remains of a corn mill, pond and lade (HER NJ46NW0020) that are depicted on both the 1846 1st edition and the 1888 2nd edition OS maps. The maps show the mill as a rectangular building with the pond to the NE and the lade extending for some distance to the east. The mill is now used as a house.

2.6 West of the proposed development is Stripeside (HER NJ46NW0018) the site of cropmarks (including soil marks) of a possible ring-ditch seen on aerial photographs.

3 METHOD STATEMENT

3.1 Cameron Archaeology will carry out a 5-7% archaeological evaluation of the 10.2 hectare site.

4 Reporting and finds

4.1 This archaeological work follows Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) Planning Advice Note (PAN 2/2011) and Historic Environment Scotland's Policy Statement (HESPS) which state that archaeological remains should be regarded as part of the environment to be protected and managed, Scottish Planning Policy and the Institute for Archaeologists (IFA) Code of Conduct.

4.2 Finds of objects will be subject to the Scots Laws of Treasure Trove and Bona Vacantia and reported by the archaeological contractor to the Secretariat of the Treasure Trove Panel (National Museums of Scotland, Queen Street, Edinburgh, EH2 1JD) for disposal to an appropriate museum.

4.3 Any human remains which are encountered will initially be left in situ. Their discovery will be reported to the Procurator Fiscal and the client. The Local Authority archaeologist and Planning Authority will also be informed. Their removal will comply with the provisions of Scots Law.

5 Access and Safety

5.1 Cameron Archaeology will inform the Local Authority archaeologist and Planning Authority prior to the start of fieldwork.

5.2 All relevant health and safety legislation, regulations and codes of conduct will be respected.

5.3 Staff will wear steel toe-capped boots, hard hats and hi-viz vests at all times. They will carry CSCS cards and present these during site induction. A health and safety risk assessment will be made and will be made available to all staff and contractors.

5.4 A machine with a flat-edged ditching bucket will be used at all times. Trenches will be opened and excavated down to the level of the first archaeological layer and to the natural subsoil if no archaeological remains are encountered. An archaeologist will not enter the trench unless the sides are safe; if there is a depth greater than

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1.2m, the sides of the trench will be battered or stepped. In sandy conditions the trench edges will be stepped or battered at a lesser depth than 1.2m.

5.5 The archaeologist will hand clean and record any features and some will be part excavated to determine nature and depth.

6 Recording Systems

6.1 Cameron Archaeology fieldwork number CA356-2017 has been allocated to this site. This number will appear on all site records and finds and all post-excavation material. Cameron Archaeology recording systems will be used on this project.

6.2 A site location plan will be produced which will tie in to National Grid and will locate Ordnance Survey bench marks and TBMs used on the site.

6.3 Plans of contexts will be produced at 1:20 (or other scale as appropriate) and sections of features at 1:10. All site drawings will be on polyester-based drawing film

6.4 The OD height of contexts will be calculated and recorded on plans, sections and level book.

6.5 For complex stratification, a Harris matrix will be prepared to record stratigraphic relationships.

6.6 A photographic record will consist of high quality digital images for all main contexts as well as working and general site and location photographs.

7 Treatment of finds and samples

7.1 Sampling strategies will depend on the perceived importance of the deposit or feature under excavation. Bulk samples for sieving will be taken as necessary. A selection of samples will be sent for analysis by specialist archaeological soil analysts.

7.2 Finds will be exposed, recorded, lifted, cleaned, conserved, marked, bagged and boxed in line with archaeological guidelines. Metalwork will be assessed, a selection will be x-rayed and selected for conservation.

7.3 Organic samples will be collected or sampled and subjected to conservation, dendrochronology, carbon 14 sampling or other analytical technique as necessary.

7.4 Cameron Archaeology can confirm that arrangements are in place to cover all necessary processing, conservation, specialist analysis and subsequent storage of finds and samples.

8 Post-excavation and publication

8.1 The responsibility for funding the Post-Excavation work lies with the client/developer. A report will be prepared for the client within 4 weeks of the end of fieldwork and if appropriate a Post-Excavation Research Design (PERD) will then be produced outlining the scope of post-excavation work. The results of which will then be collated into a final Data Structure Report (DSR).

8.2 Publication will take place in a suitable journal. The costs for this publication are also the responsibility of the client/developer.

9 Archive

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9.1 Copies of the fieldwork report will be sent to the applicant and the Local Authority archaeologist and Planning Authority.

9.2 A brief summary of results will be submitted to Discovery and Excavation in Scotland, along with the appropriate fee.

9.3 An OASIS report will be completed for this site within 4 weeks of the end of fieldwork.

9.4 The site archive will be lodged with Local Authority archaeologist and Planning Authority and HES.

10 REFERENCES

Cramond, W. (1885) The church and churchyard of Rathven. Banff.

Ordnance Survey (Name Book. Object Name Books of the Ordnance Survey (6 inch and 1/2500 scale).

11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to Mahssa Pahlavan, Moray Council for initiating this project and to Bruce Mann, Aberdeenshire Council Archaeology Service for his advice during this work.

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APPENDIX 1

Archaeological and historical sites within 1km of the proposed site (HES and Aberdeenshire HER online)

Dataset Dataset UID Name Details RCAHMS NJ 43364 BUCKIE, COMMERCIAL BOAT YARD (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). 66171 ROAD, HERD AND ALTNAME = BUCKIE HARBOUR, CLUNY MACKENZIE, HARBOUR, IANSTOWN, GORDONSBURGH, BOATBUILDERS AND BUCKIE SHIPYARD REPAIRERS

RCAHMS NJ 43420 BUCKIE, IANSTOWN, BOAT YARD (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). 66340 BLANTYRE TERRACE, ALTNAME = BUCKIE HARBOUR JONES BUCKIE SHIPYARD LTD RCAHMS NJ 42950 BUCKIE HARBOUR, FISH MARKET (19-20TH CENTURY). 65880 MARKET ALTNAME = BUCKIE, COMMERCIAL ROAD, FISH MARKET

RCAHMS NJ 42860 BUCKIE, STATION RAILWAY STATION (19-20TH CENTURY). 65780 ALTNAME = BUCKIE STATION (GREAT NORTH OF SCOTLAND RAILWAY)

RCAHMS NJ 42819 BUCKIE, RAILWAY RAILWAY STATION (19-20TH CENTURY). 65632 STATION ALTNAME = BUCKIE STATION (HIGHLAND RLY) RCAHMS NJ 44446 RATHVEN PARISH CHURCH (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), WAR 65696 CHURCH MEMORIAL(S) (20TH CENTURY). ALTNAME = WAR MEMORIAL PLAQUES AND WINDOW

RCAHMS NJ 44447 MILL OF RATHVEN WATERMILL (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). 65650 ALTNAME = RATHVEN MILL

RCAHMS NJ 44500 MILL OF RATHVEN, DAM (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), POND (PERIOD 65620 MILL POND AND DAM UNASSIGNED). ALTNAME = RATHVEN MILL

RCAHMS NJ 43000 BUCKIE, COMMERCIAL WAREHOUSE(S) (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). 65900 ROAD, WAREHOUSES ALTNAME = BUCKIE HARBOUR

RCAHMS NJ 44140 RATHVEN STATION RAILWAY STATION (19-20TH CENTURY) 64540

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RCAHMS NJ 44300 RATHVEN CEMETERY (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), GRAIN 65700 MILL (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), SCHOOL (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), SMITHY (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), TOWNSHIP (PERIOD UNASSIGNED)

RCAHMS NJ 43940 BURN OF RATHVEN BUILDING (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 65820 RCAHMS NJ 43093 BUCKIE, CLIFF BEACON (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). ALTNAME 65826 TERRACE, LEADING = BUCKIE 2, BUCKIE HARBOUR, LEADING LIGHT LIGHT, EAST CHURCH STREET

RCAHMS NJ 44390 RATHVEN VILLAGE (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 65700 RCAHMS NJ 44330 RATHVEN, BEDE HOSPITAL (MEDIEVAL) 65680 HOUSE RCAHMS NJ 44317 RATHVEN, ST PETER'S BURIAL GROUND (PERIOD UNASSIGNED), 65656 CHURCH AND OLD CHURCH (PERIOD UNASSIGNED). ALTNAME BURIAL-GROUND = RANNAS BURIAL-AISLE

RCAHMS NJ 44580 TARRIECLERACK LONG CAIRN (NEOLITHIC) 64740 RCAHMS NJ 44473 RATHVEN OLD SCHOOL (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 65700 SCHOOL RCAHMS NJ 44200 PORTESSIE NO CLASS (EVENT) 66300 RCAHMS NJ 43574 BUCKIE, MARCH HOTEL (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 66047 ROAD, RATHBURN HOUSE HOTEL RCAHMS NJ 44065 BURNSIDE CEMETERY CEMETERY (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 65823 RCAHMS NJ 44020 PORTESSIE, CHURCH HALL (20TH CENTURY), HOSPITAL 66397 CHANCELLOR ROAD, (FIRST WORLD WAR). ALTNAME = BUCKIE RATHVEN PARISH RED CROSS HOSPITAL, VOLUNTARY AID CHURCH HALL DETACHMENT (VAD) HOSPITAL

RCAHMS NJ 44000 RATHVEN HOUSE (PERIOD UNASSIGNED) 65000

HERMORAY NJ46NW0017 PORTESSIE

HERMORAY NJ46NW0018 STRIPESIDE

HERMORAY NJ46NW0001 ST PETER'S CHURCH, RATHVEN

HERMORAY NJ46NW0006 BUCKIE HARBOUR

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HERMORAY NJ46NW0007 BUCKIE STATION

HERMORAY NJ46NW0011 RATHVEN MILL

HERMORAY NJ46NW0012 RATHVEN PARISH CHURCH

HERMORAY NJ46SW0014 TARRIECLERACH

HERMORAY NJ46SW0085 BRANKUMLEYS

HERMORAY NJ46SW0086 RANNACHY

HERMORAY NJ46SW0087 RANNACHY

HERMORAY NJ46SW0088 ST PETERS FAIRGROUND

HERMORAY NJ46SW0089 RANNACHY

HERMORAY NJ46SW0092 BRANKUMLEYS

HERMORAY NJ46NW0020 RATHVEN

HERMORAY NJ46SW0093 BRANKUMLEYS

HERMORAY NJ46NW0024 BROTHERS: BUCKIE HARBOUR, M...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0032 GEORGE: BUCKIE HARBOUR, MOR...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0033 YOUNG BIRD: BUCKIE HARBOUR,...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0034 GOWAN BRAE: BUCKIE HARBOUR,...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0035 OLIVE: BUCKIE HARBOUR, MORA...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0002 RATHVEN

HERMORAY NJ46NW0037 ALEXANDER AND HELEN, CLUNY,...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0038 ALABAMA, WEST CLUNY HARBOUR...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0040 UNKNOWN: BUCKIE, MORAY FIRTH

HERMORAY NJ46NW0043 ZYPHER: CLUNY HARBOUR ENTRA...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0046 LOOK OUT: BUCKIE HARBOUR, M...

HERMORAY NJ46NW0008 BUCKIE

HERMORAY NJ46NW0015 RATHVEN

HERMORAY NJ46NW0016 BEDE HOUSE

HERMORAY NJ46SW0111 MAINS OF BUCKIE

HERMORAY NJ46SW0125 BUCKIE

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APPENDIX 2 MAPS

Illus 3 Pont map of 1583-96 showing ‘Raffen’ (copyright National Library of Scotland)

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Illus 4 Moll map of 1745 showing ‘Raffan’ (copyright National Library of Scotland)

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Illus 5 Roy’s map of 1747-55 showing approximate area of site (copyright National Library of Scotland)

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Illus 6 Thomson map of 1826 showing the area of the site (copyright National Library of Scotland)

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Illus 7 First Edition OS map showing site outline in red (copyright National Library of Scotland) Banff Sheet II.10 (Rathven) Survey date: 1867 Publication date: 1870

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Illus 8 Second Edition OS map showing site outline in red (copyright National Library of Scotland) Banffshire 002.10 (includes: Rathven) Publication date: 1904 Revised: 1902

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Illus 9 Third Edition OS map showing site outline in red (copyright National Library of Scotland) Banffshire 002.10 (includes: Rathven) Publication date: 1930 Revised: 1928

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Illus 10 1974 aerial photograph with site outline in red; facing N (Copyright HES NCAP)

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