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Reactivity of Ovariectomised Female Rats After Administration of Injectable Oestrogens by Tem Microscopy
STUDIA UBB CHEMIA, LXI, 2, 2016 (p. 195-203) (RECOMMENDED CITATION) REACTIVITY OF OVARIECTOMISED FEMALE RATS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF INJECTABLE OESTROGENS BY TEM MICROSCOPY MOCAN-HOGNOGI RADU FLORINa*, COSTIN NICOLAEa, CONSTANTIN CRACIUNb, MALUTAN ANDREIa, TRIF IOANAa, CIORTEA RAZVANa, MIHU DANa ABSTRACT. The purpose of this electrone microscopy study was to identify and specify structural and ultrastructural changes occurring in the vulvar epithelium of ovariectomised female rats, as well as their reactivity to the administration of injectable oestrogens. We used 30 female Wistar white rats, distributed in four groups with 1 control group, to which oestrogenic treatment was administered. The hormone replacement therapy with injectable oestrogens (Estradiol, Estradurin, Sintofolin), at a dose of 0.2 mg/rat/day was administered for 14 days. Afterwards, all animals were sacrificed and vulvar biopsies were taken, which were then processed using optical microscopy (the semithin section technique) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. This study showed that injectable oestrogen treatment over a period of 14 consecutive days enables the recovery of each tissue layer, with regard to the structural and ultrastructural modifications arising in ovariectomised female rats. Keywords: oestrogens, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, structure, atrophy, vulvar hyperplasia INTRODUCTION Variations in estrogen levels strongly affect cell growth and metabolism in a variety of tissues including the vulvo-vaginal epithelium, the ovary and uterus. Estradiol is biosynthesized from progesterone, also produced from cholesterol, via intermediate pregnenolone. One principal pathway then converts progesterone to its 17-hydroxy derivative, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, a Second Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy 32 Clinicilor Str., RO-400006 * Corresponding author: [email protected] b Center of Electron Microscopy of “Babes-Bolyai” University Str. -
Unlicensed Medicines List for Suffolk D&T
Unlicensed Medicines & Unlicensed Uses Doctors can prescribe unlicensed medicines, or licensed medicines for unlicensed uses (off-label/off license prescribing). In these situations the doctor is legally responsible for the medicine. They may be called upon to justify their actions in the event of an adverse reaction. Doctors are expected to take “reasonable care” in common law, and to act in a way which is consistent with the practice of a responsible body of their peers of similar professional standing. The General Medical Council guidance on Good Practice in Prescribing Medicines (January 2013) gives the following information for doctors (http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/ethical_guidance/prescriptions_faqs.asp) Prescribing unlicensed medicines You can prescribe unlicensed medicines but, if you decide to do so, you must: 1. Be satisfied that an alternative, licensed medicine would not meet the patient's needs. 2. Be satisfied that there is a sufficient evidence base and/or experience of using the medicine to demonstrate its safety and efficacy. 3. Take responsibility for prescribing the unlicensed medicine and for overseeing the patient's care, including monitoring and any follow up treatment. 4. Record the medicine prescribed and, where you are not following common practice, the reasons for choosing this medicine in the patient's notes. Prescribing medicines for use outside the terms of their licence (off-label) 1. You may prescribe medicines for purposes for which they are not licensed. Although there are a number of circumstances in which this may arise, it is likely to occur most frequently in prescribing for children. Currently pharmaceutical companies do not usually test their medicines on children and as a consequence, cannot apply to license their medicines for use in the treatment of children. -
Treatment of Relapsing Malaria with Specific Antimalarial Drugs In
Sept., 1947 J TREATMENT OF RELAPSING MALARIA: DESHMUKH 511 up to the expectation. But it soon became Articles clear that they did not control relapse, and Original also that they carry with them a danger of toxicity. Arsenic is notorious for causing to TREATMENT of relapsing malaria damage liver, kidneys and brain. When pregnancy complicates malaria, the use of WITH SPECIFIC ANTIMALARIAL quinine and arsenic may be particularly risky DRUGS IN COMBINATION WITH and one is on the horns of a dilemma as regards PENICILLIN the satisfactory treatment in such circumstances. The writer's experience of arsenicals in By P. L. DESHMUKH, m.d. (Bom.), malaria has been borne out other workers F.C.P.S. by D.T.M.\& II. (Lond.), and their findings in large-scale experiments Poona Sassoon Hospitals, given below will help to dislodge from the minds It must be admitted that even with quinine of the clinicians any lingering faith in arsenic and the synthetic antimalarial drugs like as an ideal antimalarial drug. atabrine, mepacrine, etc. (henceforth called Professor Blacklock (1944) has pointed out specific antimalarials ' for the sake of after long studies at the Liverpool school that tee brevity) treatment of malaria is still very unsatis- though the immediate effects of arsenic in factory. The recognized failure of the specific relapsing malaria were striking, the ultimate antimalarials singly or in combination to control results were disappointing in that practically relapses materially is a matter of great all cases relapsed even after full arsenical concern. A great variation is observed in the treatment. Thus, arsenicals though immediately mterval that may before the occurrence effective against vivax parasites do not eliminate a elapse y relapse. -
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
No. 31874 Multilateral Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organ ization (with final act, annexes and protocol). Concluded at Marrakesh on 15 April 1994 Authentic texts: English, French and Spanish. Registered by the Director-General of the World Trade Organization, acting on behalf of the Parties, on 1 June 1995. Multilat ral Accord de Marrakech instituant l©Organisation mondiale du commerce (avec acte final, annexes et protocole). Conclu Marrakech le 15 avril 1994 Textes authentiques : anglais, français et espagnol. Enregistré par le Directeur général de l'Organisation mondiale du com merce, agissant au nom des Parties, le 1er juin 1995. Vol. 1867, 1-31874 4_________United Nations — Treaty Series • Nations Unies — Recueil des Traités 1995 Table of contents Table des matières Indice [Volume 1867] FINAL ACT EMBODYING THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ACTE FINAL REPRENANT LES RESULTATS DES NEGOCIATIONS COMMERCIALES MULTILATERALES DU CYCLE D©URUGUAY ACTA FINAL EN QUE SE INCORPOR N LOS RESULTADOS DE LA RONDA URUGUAY DE NEGOCIACIONES COMERCIALES MULTILATERALES SIGNATURES - SIGNATURES - FIRMAS MINISTERIAL DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING DECISIONS, DECLARATIONS ET MEMORANDUM D©ACCORD MINISTERIELS DECISIONES, DECLARACIONES Y ENTEND MIENTO MINISTERIALES MARRAKESH AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION ACCORD DE MARRAKECH INSTITUANT L©ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU COMMERCE ACUERDO DE MARRAKECH POR EL QUE SE ESTABLECE LA ORGANIZACI N MUND1AL DEL COMERCIO ANNEX 1 ANNEXE 1 ANEXO 1 ANNEX -
Light Sensitive Eruptions Treated with Atabrine and Chloroquine John M
LIGHT SENSITIVE ERUPTIONS TREATED WITH ATABRINE AND CHLOROQUINE JOHN M. KNOX, M.D.,JOHNH. LAMB,Ml)., BEDFORDSHELMIRE, M.D.,AND ROBERT J. MORGAN, M.D. In April 1951 a 50-year-old female, a Red Cross worker recently returned from India, came to one of us (J. M. K.) at Keesler Air Force Base, Biloxi, Mississippi. While in India she had taken atabrine for its antimalarial action. During the period that her skin was yellowed by atabrine pigmentation she had noticed a conspicuous decrease in the severity of a long-standing light-sensitive eruption, prurigo aestivale. The annoying disease was beginning to reappear arid she preferred a return of the yellow discoloration to the eruption. Her response tG atabrine was so noteworthy that later a man 28 years of age with a plaque-like, light-sensitive eruption of the face was given a similar therapeutic trial with the same success. The improvement noted in these two cases, plus the appearance of reports by Page (la) and others (ib, c, d) on atabrine in discoid lupus erythematosus encouraged a clinical evaluation of this drug for the treatment of light-sensitive eruptions. Black (2), in a report of the use of mepacrine in lupus erythematosus, tested four patients with actinic dermatitis with this preparation. No description of the types of dermatitis was recorded. Two female patients were cleared; they had had the disease each summer for 11 and 30 years respectively. The condition of the other two patients (who were males) was unaltered by this drug. DISCUSSION Figure 1 gives a summary of the 18 cases of various types of solar dermatitis. -
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,385,853 Processes Foe PRODUCING Hormones Stockton G
Patented Oct 2, 1945 2,385,853 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,385,853 PROCESSEs FoE PRODUCING HoRMoNEs Stockton G. Turnbul, Jr., Wilmington, Del, as sinor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Del, a corporation of Delaware NoDrawin. Application August 17, 1943, Serial No. 498,984 2 Claims. (CL 260-619) This invention relates to new and inexpensive 150-watt projector flood lamp, a solution of 9.6 processes for producing hormones and in partica parts of bromine in 50 parts by volume of carbon ular synthetic estrogens, tetrachloride was added dropwise over 3.5 hours It is an object of this invention to produce hors in Such a Way that the heat evolved in the reac mones by means of a new and relatively inexpen tion maintained the reaction mixture at a gentle sive process. A further object is to produce syn reflux, Hydrogen bromide was evolved. The thetic estrogens by a simple and easily controlled pale yellow solution was then cooled and ex process. A still further object is to produce hor tracted twice with 5% sodium sulfite and was mones by a process which avoids many of the dis then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated advantages of the prior art processes. Addi 10 under vacuum. The 20 parts of oil and crystals . tional objects will become apparent from a con thus obtained was slurried in cold acetone which sideration of the following description and gave 7 parts of white crystals. Upon recrystal claims. lization from ethyl acetate the 3,4-di-Cp-anisyl)r These objects are attained in accordance with 3,4-dibromohexane was obtained as white crys the hereinafter described invention wherein a tals tnat darkened sligntly at 115° C. -
Mepacrine Hydrochloride/Metronidazole
Mepacrine Hydrochloride/Metronidazole 837 mothorax but the treatment is associated with pain and a high Metronidazole Hydrochloride (BANM, USAN, rINNM) lung cancer, although all 4 were in women who were smokers. frequency of toxic effects. Subsequent follow-up4 to 1984, covering a period of 15 to 25 Hidrocloruro de metronidazol; Métronidazole, Chlorhydrate de; Preparations years, still showed an excess of lung cancer cases even after al- Metronidazoli Hydrochloridum; SC-32642. lowing for smoking status. However, this follow-up also contin- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) Метронидазола Гидрохлорид ued to show no significant increase overall in cancer-related India: Maladin. 5 C6H9N3O3,HCl = 207.6. morbidity or mortality. Follow-up of the patients from the sec- CAS — 69198-10-3. ond study for 11 to 15 years to 1984 also showed no increase in ATC — A01AB17; D06BX01; G01AF01; J01XD01; the overall incidence of cancers nor did it confirm any increase Methyl Benzoquate (BAN) P01AB01. in lung cancer. ATC Vet — QA01AB17; QD06BX01; QG01AF01; Risks to the fetus are discussed under Pregnancy in Precautions, Nequinate (USAN, pINN); AY-20385; ICI-55052; Néquinate; Ne- QJ01XD01; QP51AA01. below. quinato; Nequinatum. Methyl 7-benzyloxy-6-butyl-1,4-dihydro- 1. Bendesky A, et al. Is metronidazole carcinogenic? Mutat Res 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate. Incompatibility. Solutions of metronidazole hydrochloride have a low pH, usually of less than 2.0, before dilution and neu- 2002; 511: 133–44. Нехинат 2. Beard CM, et al. Lack of evidence for cancer due to use of met- tralisation for intravenous use. These undiluted solutions react ronidazole. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 519–22. -
Steroidal Estrogens
FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Steroidal Estrogens December 13 - 14, 2000 Meeting of the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors Report on Carcinogens Subcommittee Prepared for the: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Prepared by: Technology Planning and Management Corporation Canterbury Hall, Suite 310 4815 Emperor Blvd Durham, NC 27703 Contract Number N01-ES-85421 Dec. 2000 RoC Background Document for Steroidal Estrogens Do not quote or cite Criteria for Listing Agents, Substances or Mixtures in the Report on Carcinogens U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program Known to be Human Carcinogens: There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, which indicates a causal relationship between exposure to the agent, substance or mixture and human cancer. Reasonably Anticipated to be Human Carcinogens: There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans which indicates that causal interpretation is credible but that alternative explanations such as chance, bias or confounding factors could not adequately be excluded; or There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals which indicates there is an increased incidence of malignant and/or a combination of malignant and benign tumors: (1) in multiple species, or at multiple tissue sites, or (2) by multiple routes of exposure, or (3) to an unusual degree with regard to incidence, site or type of tumor or age at onset; or There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals, however; the agent, substance or mixture belongs to a well defined, structurally-related class of substances whose members are listed in a previous Report on Carcinogens as either a known to be human carcinogen, or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen or there is convincing relevant information that the agent acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans. -
OUH Formulary Approved for Use in Breast Surgery
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Formulary FORMULARY (Y): the medicine can be used as per its licence. RESTRICTED FORMULARY (R): the medicine can be used as per the agreed restriction. NON-FORMULARY (NF): the medicine is not on the formulary and should not be used unless exceptional approval has been obtained from MMTC. UNLICENSED MEDICINE – RESTRICTED FORMULARY (UNR): the medicine is unlicensed and can be used as per the agreed restriction. SPECIAL MEDICINE – RESTRICTED FORMULARY (SR): the medicine is a “special” (unlicensed) and can be used as per the agreed restriction. EXTEMPORANEOUS PREPARATION – RESTRICTED FORMULARY (EXTR): the extemporaneous preparation (unlicensed) can be prepared and used as per the agreed restriction. UNLICENSED MEDICINE – NON-FORMULARY (UNNF): the medicine is unlicensed and is not on the formulary. It should not be used unless exceptional approval has been obtained from MMTC. SPECIAL MEDICINE – NON-FORMULARY (SNF): the medicine is a “special” (unlicensed) and is not on the formulary. It should not be used unless exceptional approval has been obtained from MMTC. EXTEMPORANEOUS PREPARATION – NON-FORMULARY (EXTNF): the extemporaneous preparation (unlicensed) cannot be prepared and used unless exceptional approval has been obtained from MMTC. CLINICAL TRIALS (C): the medicine is clinical trial material and is not for clinical use. NICE TECHNOLOGY APPRAISAL (NICETA): the medicine has received a positive appraisal from NICE. It will be available on the formulary from the day the Technology Appraisal is published. Prescribers who wish to treat patients who meet NICE criteria, will have access to these medicines from this date. However, these medicines will not be part of routine practice until a NICE TA Implementation Plan has been presented and approved by MMTC (when the drug will be given a Restricted formulary status). -
Wo 2008/127291 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 23 October 2008 (23.10.2008) WO 2008/127291 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: Jeffrey, J. [US/US]; 106 Glenview Drive, Los Alamos, GOlN 33/53 (2006.01) GOlN 33/68 (2006.01) NM 87544 (US). HARRIS, Michael, N. [US/US]; 295 GOlN 21/76 (2006.01) GOlN 23/223 (2006.01) Kilby Avenue, Los Alamos, NM 87544 (US). BURRELL, Anthony, K. [NZ/US]; 2431 Canyon Glen, Los Alamos, (21) International Application Number: NM 87544 (US). PCT/US2007/021888 (74) Agents: COTTRELL, Bruce, H. et al.; Los Alamos (22) International Filing Date: 10 October 2007 (10.10.2007) National Laboratory, LGTP, MS A187, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY,BZ, CA, CH, (30) Priority Data: CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, 60/850,594 10 October 2006 (10.10.2006) US ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, (71) Applicants (for all designated States except US): LOS LR, LS, LT, LU, LY,MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, ALAMOS NATIONAL SECURITY,LLC [US/US]; Los MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, Alamos National Laboratory, Lc/ip, Ms A187, Los Alamos, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, NM 87545 (US). -
Download PDF the Influence of Hexestrol Diacetate on Gametogene
Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011, 52(1 Suppl):413–417 R J M E RIGINAL APER Romanian Journal of O P Morphology & Embryology http://www.rjme.ro/ The influence of hexestrol diacetate on gametogene function in male rabbit A. R. POP1), I. GROZA1), V. MICLĂUŞ2), SIMONA CIUPE1), GABRIELA MUŢIU3), M. BORZAN1) 1)Department of Reproduction, Gynecology and Obstetrics 2)Department of Histology University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca 3)Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea Abstract The research was performed on 24 male sexually mature domestic rabbits, divided in two equal batches. The rabbits from the first batch were administered 0.5 mg/kg of body weight hexestrol diacetate intramuscularly twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Batch 2 was used for control. The testicular tissue samples obtained after orchidectomy were processed in order to obtain histological samples, stained using the Goldner’s trichrome method. Examination of histological sections from the control batch showed that a natural aspect of seminal tubule epithelium, without reported injuries, even discrete. In the experimental batch were recorded a number of changes to all categories of the seminal cells. The severity and extent of damages varied greatly from one seminal tube to another and even from one part to another of the same seminal tube. These changes were the appearance of apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies, vacuolar degenerescence of spermatocytes and spermatides, syncitialisation of spermatides, areas of necrosis accompanied by severe disruption of the seminiferous epithelium. In some areas, the lesions were so severe that the affected area of the cells forms “basal area”. -
Sawbones 318: Hydroxychloroquine Published on April 12Th, 2020 Listen on Themcelroy.Family Clint
Sawbones 318: Hydroxychloroquine Published on April 12th, 2020 Listen on TheMcElroy.family Clint: Sawbones is a show about medical history, and nothing the hosts say should be taken as medical advice or opinion. It‘s for fun. Can't you just have fun for an hour and not try to diagnose your mystery boil? We think you've earned it. Just sit back, relax, and enjoy a moment of distraction from that weird growth. You're worth it [theme music plays] Justin: Hello everybody, and welcome to Sawbones, a marital tour of misguided medicine. I'm your co-host, Justin McElroy. Sydnee: And I'm Sydnee McElroy. Justin: Uh, Syd, y'know, it seems really unfair, in this day and age… lots is unfair about this situation we find ourselves in. The unpleasantness, as I have called it repeatedly. Sydnee: Yes. Justin: It isn't catching on, but that‘s okay. I'm patient. I've got nothing to do but wait. Sydnee: That‘s a bit of an understatement, but… Justin: Yeah, it is. Sydnee: Carry on. Justin: It is. That‘s fair. The very unpleasantness? Super unpleasant? I'll work on it. Um… Sydnee: I don't know. A lot of people are calling it the dystopian—the sickness. Justin: The sickness is like, very… Sydnee: It‘s quite dystopian. Yeah. It‘s hard. Justin: Charlie just says ‗the virus,‘ which is like… accurate. Sydnee: Yes. Justin: But lacks some amount of pageantry. Um, no, it seems unfair, because I feel like I have to educate myself about something new every few days.