Uticaj Rudničkih Objekata Rtb Bor Na Zagađenje Okolnih Površinskih Vodotokova**

INSTITUT ZA RUDARSTVO I METALURGIJU BOR YU ISSN: 1451-0162 KOMITET ZA PODZEMNU EKSPLOATACIJU MINERALNIH SIROVINA UDK: 622

UDK: 622.841:504.06(28)(045)=861 doi:10.5937/rudrad1204185O

Ljubiša Obradović*, Mile Bugarin*, Vladan Marinković*

UTICAJ RUDNIČKIH OBJEKATA RTB BOR NA ZAGAĐENJE OKOLNIH POVRŠINSKIH VODOTOKOVA**

Izvod

Otpadne vode koje se generišu u pogonima RTB-a Bor, bilo direktno tokom tekuće proizvodnje ili indirektno usled razlaganja odložene rudničke raskrivke i flotacijske jalovine formiranjem kiselih drenažnih voda, zagađuju Borsku i Kriveljsku reku, koja se dalje uliva u reku Timok, odnosno reku Dunav. Ključne reči: kisele rudničke vode, teški metali, RTB Bor, zagađenje reka

UVOD

Procenjuje se da iz deponija u Republici sko-toplotnoj proizvodnji (termoelektrane i Srbiji nastane oko 890.000 m3 procednih toplane). voda dnevno, koje sadrže 41.590 tona raznog organskog i neorganskog zagađenja, STANJE POVRŠINSKIH 389 tona azota i 426 tona fosfora, kao i VODOTOKOVA U ZONI teške metale kao što su bakar, cink, nikl i UTICAJA RTB BORA hrom. Značajno mesto u zagađenju voda zauzimaju prostori deponovane flotacijske i Otpadne vode koje se generišu u po- rudničke jalovine nastale u procesu rudar- gonima RTB-a Bor slika 1, (bilo direktno sko-prerađivačke industrije (flotacijska tokom tekuće proizvodnje ili indirektno jalovišta i odlagališta Bora i Majdanpeka, usled razlaganja odložene rudničke Rudnika, Velikog Majdana, Zajače, Raške, raskrivke i flotacijske jalovine formira- Vranja, i dr.), deponije nastale pri meta- njem kiselih drenažnih voda) zagađuju lurškoj preradi mineralnih sirovina i de- Borsku i Kriveljsku reku, koja se dalje ponije pepela i šljake nastale pri energet- uliva u reku Timok, odnosno reku Dunav.

* Institut za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor ** Ovaj rad je proistekao iz Projekta broj TR: 37001 „Uticaj rudarskog otpada iz RTB-a Bor na zagađenje vodotokova sa predlogom mera i postupka za smanjenje štetnog dejstva na životnu sredinu“ koji je finansiran sredstvima Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije.

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Ova zagađenja su najčešće predstavljena Timočkom slivu, odnosno slivu Dunava. niskom pH vrednošću, povećanim sadr- Slivu Bele reke pripadaju: žajem jona teških metala, suspendovanim 1. Kriveljska reka sa svojim česticama i finim česticama flotacijske pritokama; jalovine koja je deponovana u dolinama 2. Cerova reka sa svojim pritokama; navedenih reka na površini od preko 2000 3. Borska reka sa svojim pritokama; hektara. Osim što drenažne vode sa aktiv- 4. Ravna reka sa svojim pritokama. nih i neaktivnih jalovišta i kopovskih od- lagališta pogona RTB-a direktno zagađuju Izvore zagađenja ovih vodotokova površinske vodotokove, pod direktnim predstavljaju aktivni i neaktivni rudarski štetnim uticajem površinskih voda su i radovi (površinski i podzemni), flotacijska aluvijalne izdani u rečnim dolinama kroz jalovišta, odlagališta kopovske jalovine, koje navedene reke protiču. otpadne vode nastale u procesu prerade Vodotokovi na prostoru Mali Krivelj – rude bakra i komunalne otpadne vode, Zagrađe pripadaju slivu Bela reka, slika 1.

Sl. 1. Hidrološka mreža u domenu rudnika Bakra Bor

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Kriveljska reka je ugrožena od izvorišta navedenih reka, a samim tim i slivu Bele prema ušću: od strane površinskog kopa reke. Cerovo, od strane odlagališta kopovske Potok Valja Lutarica, koji sa potocima jalovine površinskog kopa Cerovo, od Bigar i Deljboka formira Cerovu reku strane površinskog kopa Veliki Krivelj, od ugrožen je od strane: površinskog kopa strane odlagališta kopovske jalovine povr- Cerovo i od strane odlagališta kopovske šinskog kopa Veliki Krivelj (odlagalište jalovine površinskog kopa Cerovo. Saraka) i od strane flotacijskog jalovišta Saraka potok koji pripada slivu Kri- Veliki Krivelj (polje I i II). veljske reke ugrožen je od strane: Cerova reka je ugrožena od izvorišta površinskog kopa Veliki Krivelj i od strane prema ušću: od strane površinskog kopa odlagališta kopovske jalovine površinskog Cerovo i od strane odlagališta kopovske kopa Veliki Krivelj (odlagalište Saraka). jalovine površinskog kopa Cerovo. Borski potok koji posle izvršenog Borska reka je ugrožena od izvorišta izmeštanja iz prirodnog korita takođe prema ušću: od strane grada Bora (komu- pripada slivu Kriveljske reke ugrožen je nalne odpadne vode), od strane pogona za vodama koje se ispumpavaju iz pogona za preradu rude bakra (odpadne vode TIR-a), podzemnu eksploataciju bakra „Jama Bor“ od strane odlagališta kopovske jalovine kao i odložene kopovske jalovine, ispod starog Borskog kopa (severo-istočno odla- kojih jednim delom potok protiče. galište) i od strane flotacijskog aktivnog U Republici Srbiji, zaštita površinskih jalovišta Borske flotacije (jalovište RTH) voda vrši se zakonskom regulativom, koja kao i starog flotacijskog jalovišta u Boru. se zasniva na klasifikaciji voda na četiri Ravna Reka je u prethodnom periodu klase prema nivou zagađenosti i upotrebi. bila ugrožena otpadnim vodama pogona Granične vrednosti elemenata date su u za preradu kvarcnog peska „Belorečki Službenom listu Socijalističke Republike Peščar“. Sa sanacijom pogona za preradu, Srbije br. 31/82 (parametri hemijskog kva- Bela reka više nije ugrožena. liteta). U vezi sa parametrima hemijskog Pored gore pobrojanih reka, na ovom kvaliteta, izbor najreprezentativnijih – prostoru postoji i niz potoka koji su takođe karakterističnih elemenata je prikazan u ugroženi, a pripadaju slivovima gore tabeli 1.

Tabela 1. Maksimalne količine opasnih materija u vodama u mg/l vode po klasama određenim propisima o klasifikaciji voda Količina mg/l Br. Opasne materije i rN Klase I / II III / IV 1. Kadmijum 0.005 0.01 2. Olovo 0.05 0.1 3. Živa 0.001 0.001 4. Arsen 0.05 0.05 5. Hrom 0.1 0.5 6. Nikl 0.05 0.1 7. Fluor 1.0 1.5 8. Bakar 0.03 1.0 9. Cink 0.2 1.0

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10. Bor 0.3 1.0 11. Gvožđe 0.3 1.0 12. Selen 0.01 0.01 13. rN 6.8-8.5 6-9 Ovim Pravilnikom propisuju se opasne materije koje se ne smeju direktno ili indirektno unositi u vode. Navedene klase su: Klasa I: voda koja u prirodnom stanju ili posle dezinfekcije može da se koristi za piće, prehrambenu industriju; Klasa II: voda koja je odgovarajuća za kupanje, rek- reaciju, sportove na vodi, uključujući vodu koja posle osnovnog prečišćavanja (koagulacija, fil- tracija i dezinfekcija) može da se upotrebi za piće i prehrambenu industriju; Klasa III: voda koja može da se koristi za navodnjavanje i industrije izuzev prehrambene industrije; Klasa IV: voda koja može da se koristi samo posle posebne obrade.

Pravilnik koji propisuje maksimalno fabrika i izlivanjem iz deponija, dat je u dozvoljenu količinu opasnih i štetnih ma- Službenom listu Socijalističke Republike terija u zemljištu i vodi koje mogu da Srbije br. 23/94. U tabeli 2 prikazani su oštete ili promene proizvodnu sposobnost podaci o maksimalno dozvoljenim količi- zemljišta i koje dolaze ispuštanjem iz nama opasnih i štetnih materija u vodi.

Tabela 2. Maksimalno dozvoljena količina opasnih i štetnih materija Br. Parametar MDK u vodi (mg/L) 1. Kadmijum Do 0.01 2. Olovo Do 0. 1 3. Živa Do 0.001 4. Arsen Do 0.05 5. Hrom Do 0.5 6. Nikl Do 0. 1 7. Fluor Do 1.5 8. Bakar Do 0.1 9. Cink Do 1.0 10. Bor Do 1.0 Opasne materije, u smislu ovog pravilnika su: kadmijum, olovo, živa, arsen, hrom, nikl i fluor, a štetne materije su: bakar, cink i bor.

Površinski vodotokovi u borskom Krivelja da bi oformila Kriveljsku reku kompleksu se karakterišu malim protokom koja teče u svom prirodnom basenu do i kolebljivim nivoima vode. površinskog kopa Veliki Krivelj. Rudarske Najvažnije reke su Zlotska reka, aktivnosti su proteklih godina veoma Borski potok koji posle uliva u RTB Bor uticale na prirodne tokove reka, posebno na industrijske otpadne vode postaje Borska Borsku reku. Borska reka je prvobitno tekla reka, Kriveljska reka, Ravna reka i Timok. sa severozapada na jugoistok i dalje do U oblasti rudnika Cerovo prisutne su dve Bora, koja je pre oko 30 godina skrenuta reke: Valja Mare, jugoistočno od povr- tunelom sagrađenim severno od starog šinskog kopa i reka Cerovo zapadno od borskog kopa, tako da ona sada utiče u njega. Ova dva toka se spajaju kod Malog Kriveljsku reku ispred tunela za devijaciju

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Kriveljske reke ispod polja 1 flotacijskog utiče u reku Timok i dalje odlazi u jalovišta Veliki krivelj. Tok Kriveljske Dunav. reke je takođe izmenjen u odnosu na prvobitni tok i to kod površinskog kopa REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA Veliki Krivelj gde sada oivičava kop, i kod jalovišta Veliki Krivelj gde je U tabelama 3 i 3a su prikazani rezultati skrenut u podzemni kolektor koji prolazi fizičko hemijskih ispitivanja uzoraka sa ispod flotacijskog jalovišta. lokacije ušća Borske i Kriveljske reke, Kriveljska reka sa Borskom i koje se ulivaju u Belu reku. Uzorci voda Ravnom rekom čini Belu reku, koja su prikupljeni 18. 05. 2012. godine.

Tabele 3 i 3a. Rezultati fizičko hemijskih ispitivanja uzoraka sa lokacije ušća Borske i Kriveljske reke koji su uzorkovani 18.05.2012.god T (oC) T (oC) Boja/ El.provod. Cu Pb Zn Parametar pH vazduha vode miris µS/cm mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 Borska reka 19 19.3 tamno siva/da 1813 5.40 8.7 0.32 2.8 Svetlo braon/ Kriveljska reka 19 14.6 1307 5.01 12.5 <0.1 0.4 bez Borska i Svetlo braon/ Kriveljska reka 19 15.7 1598 4.99 12.2 <0.1 1.7 nakon ušća bez

Cr Ni Cr Se As Fe-uk Sus.mater. SO -2 Parametar 4 (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) Borska reka <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.25 0.27 11.8 194.0 1268.5 Kriveljska reka <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 294.0 779.2 Borska i Kriveljska reka <0.1 0.15 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 4.9 199.0 1103.1 nakon ušća

Za analizu kvaliteta površinskih voda, borskog regiona Borska reka, Kriveljska u borskom regionu, uzeti su kao hemijski reka i Bela reka po svom sastavu ne mogu parametri prvenstveno teški metali. Sa- da se svrstaju ni u IV klasu i spadaju u držaj olova do 1.5 mg/l pojavio se jedino u vode sa visokim sadržajem potencijalno Borskoj reci i metaluškim otpadnim vo- toksičnih elemenata (teški metali) prema dama, kadmijum u drenažnom jezeru nivou maksimalno dozvoljene koncen- Cerova (do 0.35 mg/l), hroma nema, arsena tracije. u Jamskim vodama, Borskoj reci i TIR- ovim vodama (od 0.19-6.6 mg/l). Selena ZAKLJUČAK ima takođe u TIR-ovim vodama 18.6 mg/l, u Borskoj reci 0.25 mg/l i drenažnim Kontinuirano sprovođenje rudarskih i vodama RTH 0.23 mg/l. Koncentracija metalurških aktivnosti u trajanju od preko bakra, cinka, gvožđa je skoro kod svih jednog veka na teritoriji opštine Bor, voda višestruko povećana u odnosu na dovelo je do ozbiljnog zagađenja okolnih vrednosti koje su propisane zakonom vodotokova, pre svega borske i kriveljske (maksimalno dozvoljena koncentracija reke. Kriveljska reka uzvodno od rudnika elemenata - MDK, data je u Tabeli 1 i na Cerovu ima kvalitet vode koji odgovara Tabeli 2). Površinske vode u okviru klasi I/II, koja ima široku upotrebu u po-

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LITERATURA ljoprivredi za navodnjavanje, direktno za [1] Projekat rekultivacije dela leve obale piće kada su u pitanju domaće životinje i Borske reke (sa revidentskom dr. Nizvodno od rudnika na Cerovu menja klauzulom), Klijent Eko Klub Bor, se drastično kvalitet vode kriveljske reke, IRM Bor, april 2011 godine. kao posledica uliva kontaminiranih otpad- [2] Evropska direktiva o deponijama br. nih rudničkih voda sa Cerova, voda sa 1999/31/ECC. površinskog kopa Veliki Krivelj, Saraka [3] Uredba Republike Srbije o deponijama potoka, jamske vode, drenažnih voda ja- (''Službeni gl. RS'' br. 92/2010). lovišta Veliki Krivelj. Nizvodno od flo- [4] Projekat rekultivacije degradiranih tacijskog jalovišta Veliki Krivelj do mesta površina flotacijskog jalovišta RTH gde se spajaju borska i kriveljska reka, Bor, Institut za rudarstvo i meta- voda kriveljske reke zbog prisutnog za- lurgiju Bor, 2008, RBB Bor. gađenja, se ne možemo svrstati ni u jednu klasu, odnosno van kategorija je. Obzirom [5] Group of authors, 2002, Assessment na njen kvalitet ona nema svoju primenu, of Environmental Monitoring čak ni u industrijskim objektima. Vodotok Capacities in Bor, (UNEP). borske reke nastaje spajanjem komunalnih [6] Group of authors, 2007, RTB Bor voda nakon izlaska iz komunalnog kolek- Tailing Ponds Remediation Study - tora, drenažnih voda iz TIR-ovog kolek- Final Report. tora, vode iz jezera Robule i metalurških [7] Obradović Lj., Stevanović Z., voda. Kako su sve navedene vode koje Bugarin M. - Characterization of the čine vodotok borske reke veoma zagađene, Acid Mine Drainage from Cerovo borska reka je čitavim svojim tokom do Open pit and its Overburden, XXI spajanja sa kriveljskom rekom van kate- International Serbian Symposium on gorije, odnosno van bilo kakve upotrebe. Mineral Processing, 4-6 November Proces remedijacije zagađenih voda borske 2008 Bor, Serbia, Proceedings. i kriveljske reke je dugotrajan proces koji [8] Urošević D., Petković S., Obradović mora započeti odmah, pre svega pre- Lj. - Upravljanje opasnim otpadima, čišćavanjem svih industrijskih voda koje Časopis ECOLOGICA No. 52, nastaju tokom redovne eksploatacije i pre- Beograd, 2008. rade rude bakra a koje se ispuštaju bez [9] Urošević D., Obradović Lj., and Madić ikakvog prečišćavanja u vodotokove, i tu B. - Zbrinjavanje, tretman i depono- spadaju pre svega jamske vode, metalurške vanje opasnog otpada - Časopis vode, vode sa aktivnih površinskih kopova. ECOLOGICA, No. 49, Beograd 2007. Nakon toga kvalitet voda u borskoj i krivel- jskoj reci će se za kratko vreme znatno [10] INTREAT – FP6 Projekat finansiran poboljšati, što predstavlja prvi uslov za od strane EU - Integralni tretman prestanak daljeg kontinuiranog zagađenja otpada u cilju prevencije zagađenja površinskih vodo-tokova u zoni uticaja reke Dunav, IRM je partner na industrijskih objekata RTB-a Bor. projektu, projekat realizovan od jula 2004. do avgusta 2007. godine.

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MINING AND METALLURGY INSTITUTE BOR YU ISSN: 1451-0162 COMMITTEE OF UNDERGROUND EXPLOITATION OF THE MINERAL DEPOSITS UDK: 622

UDK: 622.841:504.06(28)(045)=20 doi:10.5937/rudrad1204185O

Ljubiša Obradović*, Mile Bugarin*, Vladan Marinković*

THE EFFECT OF MINE FACILITIES ON POLLUTION THE SURROUNDING SURFACE WATERWAYS**

Abstract

Wastewater, generated in the sites of RTB Bor, either directly in the current production, or indirectly due to the decomposition of deposited mine overburden material and flotation tailings by formation of acid drainage water, pollute the Bor and Krivelj River, which still flow into the Timok and Danube River. Keywords: acid mine water, heavy metals, RTB Bor, pollution of rivers

INTRODUCTION

It is estimated that the landfills in the lurgical treatment of mineral raw materials Republic of Serbia settle around 890,000 and landfills of ash and slag formed dur- m3 of seepage water per day, containing ing thermal-energy production (power 41,590 tons of various organic and inor- plants and heating plants). ganic pollution, 389 tons of nitrogen and 426 tons of phosphorus, as well as heavy CONDITION OF SURFACE metals such as copper, zinc, nickel and WATER FLOWS IN THE chromium. The important place in water IMPACT ZONE OF RTB BOR pollution is occupied by the areas deposited flotation tailings and mine waste, Wastewater, generated in the sites of formed in the process of mine and proc- RTB Bor, Figure 1(either directly in the essing industry (flotation tailing dumps current production, or indirectly due to the and landfills of Bor and Majdanpek, Mine, decomposition of deposited mine over- Veliki Majdan, Zajača, Raška, Vranje, burden material and flotation tailings by etc.), the landfills incurred in the metal- formation of acid drainage water) pollute

* Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Serbia ** This work is the result of the Project No. TR: 37001 “The Effect of Mine Waste from RTB Bor on Pollution of Watercourses with a Proposal of Measures and Procedures to Reduce the Adverse Effects on Environment”, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.

No 4, 2012. 191 MINING ENGINEERING the Bor and Krivelj River, which still flow Water flows in the area of Mali Krivelj into the Timok and Danube River. These - Zagradje belong to the basin of the Bela pollutions are often presented by low pH River, Timok basin, and the basin of the value, increased content of heavy metal Danube. ions, suspended particles and fine particles The basin of Bela River includes: of flotation tailings, which is deposited in 1. Krivelj River with its tributaries; the valleys of these rivers on the area of 2. Cerova River with its tributaries; over 2000 hectares. Except that drainage 3. Bor River with its tributaries; water from active and inactive tailing 4. Ravna River with its tributaries; dumps and open pit dumps from the sites Sources of pollution of these waterways are presented by active and inactive mining of RTB directly contaminate the surface operations (surface and underground), flo- water flows, under the direct harmful ef- tation tailings dumps, waste rock dumps fect of surface water are also the alluvial from open pits, wastewater formed in the aquifers in the river valleys through which process of copper ore processing municipal these rivers flow. wastewater, Figure 1.

Fig. 1. Hydrological network in the domain of the Copper Mine Bor

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The Krivelj River is threatened from The Valja Lutarica stream, which with the source to the mouth: by the open pit the streams with Bigar and Deljboka Cerovo, waste rock dump of the open pit forms the Cerova River, is threatened: by Cerovo pit, open pit Veliki Krivelj , waste the open pit Cerovo and waste rock dump rock dump of the open pit Veliki Krivelj of the open pit Cerovo. (landfill Saraka) and flotation tailing The Saraka strem that belongs to the dump Veliki Krivelj (fields I and II). basin of the Krivelj River is threatened: by Cerova River is threatened from the the open pit Veliki Krivelj and waste rock source to the mouth: by the open pit Cerovo dump of the open pit Veliki Krivelj (land- and waste rock dump of the open pit Cerovo. fill Saraka). The Bor River is threatened from the The Bor stream, which after the com- source to the mouth: by the town of Bor pletion of relocation from the natural riv- (municipal waste water), copper ore proc- erbed, also belongs to the basin of the essing plant (waste water from TIR), Krivelj River is threatened by water waste rock dump of the old open pit pumped from the site for underground (north-east landfill) and the active flota- mining of copper, "Jama" Bor, as well as tion tailing dump Bor flotation (tailing dumped open pit waste rock, below which dump RTH) as well as the old flotation the stream flows in part. tailing dump in Bor. In the Republic of Serbia, the protec- The Ravna River was previously tion of surface water is regulated by the threatened by wastewater from the plant law, which is based on classification of for quartz sand processing "Belorečki water into four classes according to the Peščar". With the rehabilitation of proc- level of pollution and use. The limit val- essing plant, the Bela River is no longer ues of elements are given in the Official endangered. Gazette of the Socialist Republic of Serbia In addition to the above listed rivers, No. 31/82 (chemical quality parameters). there are a number of streams in this area Regarding to the chemical quality parame- which are also threatened, and belong to ters, the selection of the most representa- the basins of the above rivers, and thus to tive - characteristic elements is shown in the basin of the Bela River. Table 1.

Table 1. Maximum quantities of hazardous substances in water in mg/l of water per classes, determined by regulations on water classification Quantity mg/L No. Hazardous substances and rN Classes I /II III/IV 1. Cadmium 0.005 0.01 2. Lead 0.05 0.1 3. Mercury 0.001 0.001 4. Arsenic 0.05 0.05 5. Chrome 0.1 0.5 6. Nickel 0.05 0.1 7. Fluorine 1.0 1.5 8. Copper 0.03 1.0 9. Zinc 0.2 1.0 10. Boron 0.3 1.0 11. Iron 0.3 1.0 12. Selenium 0.01 0.01 13. rN 6.8-8.5 6-9

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This Regulation prescribes that hazardous substances must not be directly or indirectly put into water. The above classes are: Class I: water in its natural state or after disinfection can be used for drinking and food industry; Class II: water appropriate for bathing, recreation, water sports, including water after primary treatment (coagulation, filtration and disinfection) can be used for drinking and food industry; Class III: water that can be used for irrigation and industries except food industries; Class IV: water that can be used only after special treatment.

The Regulation which prescribes landfills is given in the Official Gazette of maximum allowable quantity of hazardous the Socialist Republic of Serbia No. and harmful substances in soil and water 23/94. Table 2 shows data on maximum that might damage or change the produc- allowable quantities of hazardous and tion capacity of soil and which come from harmful substances in water. factory discharges and seepages from

Table 2. Maximum allowable quantities of hazardous and harmful substances No. Parameter MDK in water (mg/L) 1. Cadmium Up to 0.01 2. Lead Up to 0. 1 3. Mercury Up to 0.001 4. Arsenic Up to 0.05 5. Chrome Up to 0.5 6. Nickel Up to 0. 1 7. Fluorine Up to 1.5 8. Copper Up to 0.1 9. Zinc Up to 1.0 10. Boron Up to 1.0 Hazardous materials, in terms of this regulation are: cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel and fluoride, and harmful substances are: copper, zinc and boron.

Surface water flows in the Bor com- and further to Bor, which was, about 30 plex are characterized by low flow and years ago, diverted by a tunnel, built in the fluctuating water levels. north of the old open pit Bor, so that it The most important rivers are: Zlot now flows into the Krivelj River in front River, Bor stream that after flows into the of the tunnel for deviation the Krivelj RTB Bor industrial wastewater becomes River below the Field 1 of the flotation the Bor River, Krivelj River, Ravna River tailing dump Veliki Krivelj. The flow of and Timok. In the area of the mine the Krivelj River was also modified from Cerovo, there are two rivers, Valja Mare, the original flow near the open pit Veliki south-east of the open pit and Cerova in Krivelj, where it now borders the open pit, the west of it. These two flows are merged and near the tailing dump Veliki Krivelj, near Mali Krivelj to form the Krivelj where the river flow was diverted into the River that flows in its natural basin to the underground collector that runs under the open pit Veliki Krivelj. Mining activities flotation tailing dump. over the past year have impacted on the The Krivelj River with the Bor and natural flows of rivers, particularly the Ravna River makes the Bela River, which Bor River. The Bor River originally flows into the river Timok and further flowed from the northwest to the southeast flows into the river Danube.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tables 3 and 3a show the results of River, which flow into the Bela River. physical and chemical testing of samples Water samples were taken on May 18, from the site of mouth the Bor and Krivelj 2012.

Tables 3 and 3a. Results of physical and chemical testing of samples from the site of mouth the Bor and Krivelj River, taken on May 18, 2012

T (oC) T (oC) Colour / El.conduct. Cu Pb Zn Parameter pH air water smell µS/cm mg/dm3 mg/dm3 mg/dm3 Dark Bor River 19 19.3 1813 5.40 8.7 0.32 2.8 gray/yes Light brown/ Krivelj River 19 14.6 1307 5.01 12.5 <0.1 0.4 without Bor and Krivelj Light brown/ 19 15.7 1598 4.99 12.2 <0.1 1.7 River after mouth without

Suspended Cr Ni Cr Se As Fe-total SO -2 Parameter matters 4 (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3) (mg/dm3)

Bor River <0.1 0.2 <0.1 0.25 0.27 11.8 194.0 1268.5

Krivelj River <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 2.4 294.0 779.2 Bor and Krivelj <0.1 0.15 <0.1 <0.2 <0.1 4.9 199.0 1103.1 River after mouth

For analysis the surface water in the by its composition, cannot be classified Bor region, heavy metals were primarily into the class IV, and they belong into the taken as the chemical parameters. Lead water with high content of potentially content to 1.5 mg/L appeared only in the toxic elements (heavy metals) according Bor River and metallurgical waste water; to the level of maximum allowable con- cadmium in the drainage lake Cerova (up centration. to 0.35 mg/L), no chromium; arsenic in the pit water, Bor River and the water of CONCLUSION TIR (of 0.19-6.6 mg/L). Selenium is also present in this water of TIR, 18.6 mg/L, in Continuous implementation the mining the Bor River, 0.25 mg/L and drainage and metallurgical activities for a period of water of RTH, 0.23 mg/ L. over a century in the municipality of Bor, Concentration of copper, zinc and iron has led to serious pollution of the nearby is several times higher in nearly all water waterways, especially the Bor River and than the level specified by law (maximum Krivelj River. The Krivelj River, upstream allowable concentration of elements - from the mine Cerovo, has water quality MDK, is given in Table 1 and Table 2). that belongs to the class I/II, which is Surface water within the Bor region, the widely used in the agriculture for irriga- Bor River, Krivelj River and Bela River, tion, directly for drinking when it comes

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REFERENCES to domestic animals and others. Down- [1] Project of reclamation the Part of Left stream of the mine Cerovo, the Krivelj Bank of the Bor River (with revised River water quality is changed drastically clause), Client Eco Club Bor, MMI as the result of contaminated mine waste- Bor, April 2011 (in Serbian); water inflows from Cerovo, water from [2] European Directive in Landfills No. the open pit Veliki Krivelj, Saraka stream, 1999/31/ECC; pit water, drainage water from the tailing [3] Regulation of the Republic of Serbia dump Veliki Krivelj.Downstream from the on Landfills (''Official Gazette RS'' flotation tailing dump Veliki Krivelj to the No. 92/2010), (in Serbian); place where the Bor River and Krivelj [4] Project of Reclamation the Degraded River are joined, water from the Krivelj Areas of the Flotation Tailing Dump River cannot be classified into any class RTH Bor, Mining and Metallurgy due to the present pollution, i.e. the water Institute Bor, 2008, RBB Bor (in is out of the category. Considering its Serbian); quality, it has no use, even in the industrial facilities. The Bor River watercourse [5] Group of authors, 2002, Assessment is created by merging the municipal water of Environmental Monitoring after leaving the municipal sewer, drain- Capacities in Bor, (UNEP); age water from the TIR collector, water [6] Group of authors, 2007, RTB Bor from the Robule Lake and metallurgical Tailing Ponds Remediation Study - water. As all of this water that makes the Final Report; watercourse is much polluted; the Bor [7] Obradović Lj., Stevanović Z., River in its entire course to the junction Bugarin M. - Characterization of the with the Krivelj River is outside the cate- Acid Mine Drainage from the Cerovo gory or out of any use. The remediation Open Pit and its Overburden, XXI process of polluted water of the Bor and International Serbian Symposium on Krivelj River is a long process that must Mineral Processing, 4-6 November begin immediately, first of all by treat- 2008 Bor, Serbia, Proceedings; ment the all industrial water, generated [8] Urošević D., Petković S., Obradović during regular mining and processing of Lj., Management of Hazardous copper ore and which are discharged Waste, Journal ECOLOGICA No. 52, without any treatment into watercourses, Belgrade, 2008 (in Serbian). and these include primarily the pit water, [9] Urošević D., Obradović Lj., Madić metallurgical water, water from the active B., Care, Treatment and Disposal of open pits. After that, the water quality in Hazardous Waste, Journal the Bor and Krivelj River will be greatly ECOLOGICA, No. 49, Belgrade, improved in a short period of time, which 2007 (in Serbian); is the first condition for termination of [10] INTREAT – FP6 Project Funded by further continuous pollution the surface the EU – Integrated Waste Treatment watercourses in the area of impact the in Order to Prevent the Pollution of industrial facilities of RTB Bor. the Danube River; MMI is a partner in the Project, Project implemented from July 2004 to August 2007.

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