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OHS Honors English Primer Is the Result of Over a Decade of Collabo- Ration Among the English Teachers of Oviedo High

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OHS Honors English Primer Is the Result of Over a Decade of Collabo- Ration Among the English Teachers of Oviedo High Honors English Primer Prepared exclusively for the students of Oviedo High School 2008 Edition About Your Primer The 2008 OHS Honors English Primer is the result of over a decade of collabo- ration among the English teachers of Oviedo High. We have worked together to ensure that the materials you will find here are relevant and helpful to your studies both here at Oviedo and later in life. Materials included in this publi- cation have been created specifically for you by the teachers at this school, and the information included is designed to continually build your expertise in communication skills, literary analysis, meaningful composition, and effective research. Your teachers throughout the next four years will refer you to these pages as a resource for reference, instruction, and guidance as you continue to grow as a student of English. Our Primer has four distinct sections that each focus on a different aspect of the skills you will be acquiring: Literature, Composition, Grammar, and Re- search. Some courses may rely more on one section than another, but each course will use the Primer to build off your previous knowledge and prepare you for what lies ahead. Keep this document with you—in class at all times, throughout your career as a high school student, and as you journey into high- er education. It is our sincere hope that you find the2008 OHS Honors English Primer a helpful resource as you continue to prepare yourself for your future. Best wishes for lasting success, The English teachers of Oviedo High School The 2008 edition of The OHS Honors English Primer was set in Myriad® Pro and Warnock® Pro using Adobe® In- Design® CS3. This complete document is available for online viewing or reprinting (for personal educational use only) from http://primer.misterfriend.net. Table of Contents Literature Composition Critical Literary Terms .............................................4 Five-Paragraph Essay Format ................................89 S.O.P. — The Reading Process ...............................15 Principles of Composition ......................................91 S.O.P. — Short Stories .............................................17 Techniques of Persuasion .......................................95 Characters and Characterization .........................19 Paragraph Development .........................................97 The Hero ....................................................................20 Transitional Devices ................................................99 The Olympian Gods ................................................22 Sentence Strength and Style ................................100 Partial Genealogy of the Greek Gods ..................23 Practice Prompts — Florida Writes! ...................102 Muses, Fates, and Graces .......................................24 Avoiding Plagiarism...............................................104 The Epic ......................................................................25 Outlining, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing ....105 Opening Lines — The Odyssey ...............................26 Documentation .......................................................107 S.O.P. — The Odyssey.................................................28 Writer and Peer Responses ..................................109 Science Fiction Writing ..........................................29 Six-Point Holistic Rubric ......................................111 Poetry Analysis .........................................................32 Sample AP Literature Writing Rubrics .............112 Meter and Rhyme.....................................................33 Poetic Genres ............................................................34 Types of Lyric Poetry ...............................................36 Grammar The Tragedy ...............................................................39 The Elizabethan Universe.......................................42 Analysis & Diagramming Overview ..................114 The Theater of Ancient Greece .............................44 Function/Equivalent Chart ..................................115 The Oedipus Legend ................................................46 Part of Speech Map ................................................116 S.O.P. — Oedipus the King .......................................49 Predicate Verb + Complement Chart ................117 S.O.P. — Romeo & Juliet ...........................................51 Function/Equivalent Definitions ........................118 S.O.P. — King Lear .....................................................53 Diagramming Reference by Function ................121 The Novel ...................................................................55 History and Structure—Animal Farm .................57 The Victorian Age ....................................................61 Research The French Revolution ............................................63 Allusions ....................................................................66 Research Project — Overview .............................129 Reading Response Questions.................................67 Formatting Guidelines ..........................................131 College Reading Lists ..............................................68 Documenting Printed Sources ............................132 Style Defined .............................................................71 Documenting Online Sources .............................133 Modes of Critical Analysis .....................................74 Conducting an Interview .....................................134 Elements of Style ......................................................80 Research Paper Specifications .............................135 Major Works Data Sheet (Pre-AP) .......................81 Project Presentation Rubric .................................139 AP Major Works Data Sheet ..................................85 Listening Diaries ....................................................140 Critical Literary Terms Aestheticism: reverence for beauty or for “art for art’s sake.” The term also refers to a 19th-century move- ment in art and literature that held that beautiful form is more to be valued than morally instructive content and that morality is irrelevant to art. An early expression of aestheticism is found in John Keats’s lines from “Ode on a Grecian Urn”: “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”—that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. In part a reaction against the ugliness and mere usefulness of the products of industrializa- tion, the movement reached its peak in the 1890s. Alexandrine: a line of poetry written in iambic hexameter Allegory: a literary work with two or more levels of meaning, one literal level and one or more symbolic levels Alliteration: the repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in successive or close- ly associated words or syllables Allusion: a reference to a well-known event, place, person, work of art or literature Analogy: a comparison of two things which are alike in certain ways Anapest: see “Meter and Rhyme” Anecdote: a brief story about an interesting, strange, or amusing event Antagonist: a character or element in conflict with the main character (protagonist) of a literary work Antihero: a central character, or protagonist, who lacks traditional heroic qualities and virtues (such as idealism, courage, and steadfastness). An antihero may be comic, antisocial, inept, or even pathetic, while retaining the sympathy of the reader. Antiheroes are typically in conflict with a world they cannot control or whose values they reject. Antithesis: a figure of speech in which contrasting or paradoxical ideas are presented in parallel form Aphorism: a general truth or observation about life, usually stated concisely and pointedly Apostrophe: see figure of speech Argument: content of a work; a statement that summarizes the plot or states the purpose or meaning of a long poem or play Aside: a short speech delivered by an actor in a play that is directed to the audience and presumed to be inaudible to the other actors. Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds in stressed syllables containing dissimilar consonant sounds Atmosphere: the pervasive mood—gloom, foreboding, joyful expectation—of a literary work often created and sustained by the author’s treatment of setting and use of symbolism. Example: Poe’s creation of a foreboding atmosphere in the opening of “The Fall of the House of Usher”— During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. Ballad: a form of verse to be sung or recited and characterized by its presentation of a dramatic or exciting episode in simple narrative form. See “Types of Lyric Poetry” Ballad Stanza: a four or six line stanza form used in folk ballads. See “Types of Lyric Poetry” 4 Literature OHS Honors English Primer Bathos: excessive sentimentality or ludicrousness. Bathos is produced by an unsuccessful attempt to elicit pity or sorrow from the reader. Bathos also results when elevated language and style are used inappropriately in the treatment of a commonplace subject. Blank Verse: poetic line of unrhymed iambic pentameter Byronic Hero: See “The Hero” and “The Novel” Cacophony: effect created by rough, harsh sounds Caesura: a break or pause in a line
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