Usma Medal of Honor Recipients
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George Washington and George Marshall: Some Reflections on the American Military Tradition” Don Higginbotham, 1984
'The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.'" USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture #26 “George Washington and George Marshall: Some Reflections on the American Military Tradition” Don Higginbotham, 1984 Though this is my second visit to the Air Force Academy, it is my first opportunity to present an address. I have had more exposure in this regard to one of your sister institutions: West Point. I must be careful not to speak of you as army men and women; but if I forget it will not be out of partiality. Gen. George Marshall at times was amused and at other times irritated by the partiality shown for the Navy by President Franklin Roosevelt, whom you may recall loved the sea and had been assistant secretary of the navy in the Wilson administration. On one occasion Marshall had had enough and pleaded good humoredly, "At least, Mr. President, stop speaking of the Army as 'they' and the Navy as ‘us’!” The title of this lecture suggests the obvious: that I consider it informative and instructive to look at certain similarities of experience and attitude shared by George Washington and George Marshall. In so doing, I want to speculate on their place in the American military tradition. These introductory remarks sound as though I am searching for relevance, and that is the case. No doubt at times historians, to say nothing of their readers, wish that the contemporary world would get lost so as to leave them unfettered to delve into the past for its own sake. -
General Douglas Macarthur S Private Correspondence, 1848-1964
Guide to the Microfilm Edition RG-10: GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR S PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE, 1848-1964 Filmed from the holdings of the MacArthur Memorial Archives Norfolk, Virginia A Microfilm Publication by Scholarly Resources Inc. An Imprint of Thomson Gale Scholarly Resources Inc. An Imprint of Thomson Gale 12 Lunar Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525 Tel: (800) 444-0799 and (203) 397-2600 Fax: (203) 397-3893 P.O. Box 45, Reading, England Tel: (+44) 1734-583247 Fax: (+44) 1734-394334 ISBN: 0-8420-4358-6 All rights reserved, including those to reproduce this microfilm guide or any parts thereof in any form Printed and bound in the United States of America 2006 Table of Contents Biographical Essay Douglas MacArthur, iv Introduction to the Collection, vii Reel Contents to RG-10: General Douglas MacArthur s Private Correspondence, 1848-1964, 1 Biographical Essay Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, on January 26, 1880, to Captain (later Lieutenant General) Arthur MacArthur and Mary Pinkney Hardy MacArthur of Norfolk, Virginia. Douglas was the youngest of three sons. The eldest, Arthur, went to the U.S. Naval Academy and died in 1923, a captain in the Navy; Malcolm died in childhood in 1883 and is buried in Norfolk. Douglas and his family lived on various military posts from New Mexico to Fort Leavenworth to Washington, DC. In 1899 he was appointed to the U.S. Military Academy from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. After graduating first in his class from West Point, where he held the highest rank in the Corps of Cadets, MacArthur was commissioned second lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, on June 11, 1903. -
Macarthur, DOUGLAS: Papers, 1930-41
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS MacARTHUR, DOUGLAS: Papers, 1930-41 Accession: 03-17 Processed by: TB Date Completed: June 24, 2003 The microfilm copy of the papers of Douglas MacArthur, 1935-41 were deposited in the Eisenhower Library by the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial Archives and Library in June, 2003. Approximate number of items: 3 reels of microfilm The original documents remain with the General Douglas MacArthur Memorial Archives and Library of Norfolk, Virginia as RG-1 Records of the U.S. Military Advisor to the Philippine Commonwealth, 1935-1941. Researchers should contact that repository directly regarding copyright restrictions. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE This collection consists of microfilm copies of correspondence, orders, speeches, reports, newspaper clippings and other printed material relating to MacArthur’s work as military adviser to the Philippine Commonwealth during 1935-41. This collection contains materials relating to the creation of a Philippine Army, Philippine Defense, Philippine politics, and general correspondence with MacArthur’s contemporaries. This collection is described at the document or case file level; each folder description contains many individual entries. Reels 1 and 2 contain documents within the MacArthur papers; some of these letters and telegrams are authenticated copies, and not originals. Reel 3 contains photocopies of selected documents from the Official Military Personnel File of Douglas MacArthur, also known as a “201” file. The original documents currently are held by the National Archives and Records Administration at the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri, but the documents contained in this microfilm were copied when the file was housed at the Washington National Record Center in Suitland, Maryland. -
Black Recipients of the Medal of Honor from the Frontier Indian Wars
National Historic Site National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Fort Davis BLACK RECIPIENTS OF THE MEDAL OF HONOR FROM THE FRONTIER INDIAN WARS The Medal of Honor is the highest award that can be July 9, 1870, just six weeks after the engagements with given to a member of the Armed Services of the United the Apaches, Emanuel Stance was awarded the Medal of States. It is presented by the president, in the name of Honor. Congress, to an individual who while serving his country “distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry and George Jordan served at Fort Davis with the Ninth intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the Cavalry from April 1868 to May 1871. During this time, call of duty.” The Medal of Honor was authorized in he was often in the field scouting for the elusive 1862 and first presented in 1863 to soldiers and sailors Apaches and Comanches who were raiding in western who demonstrated extraordinary examples of courage in Texas and southeastern New Mexico. On the Civil War. one occasion he was part of a two-hundred-man force Devotion to Duty detailed to track a party of Mescalero Apaches in the Guadalupe Mountains. The experience Jordan gained Between 1865 and 1899, the Medal of Honor was proved invaluable. On May 14, 1880 Sergeant Jordan, in awarded to 417 men who served in the frontier Indian command of a small detachment of soldiers, defended Campaigns. Eighteen of the medals were earned by men Tularosa, New Mexico Territory, against the Apache of African-American descent. -
George C. Marshall: the Last Great American?
Reprinted, with permission, from Followed by bis dog.,F1eet, the· Army SMITHSONIAN Magbine, August 1997 ChiefofstQ,ffbritJIy escapes his military issue. @ 1997, Smithsonian Institution. cares by riding at Fort Myer in 1941. GEORGE C. MARSHALL THE LAST GREAT MERICAN? BY LANCE MORROW be true. But when I put Washington and Marshall side by side, and look at them against the background of the NO SOLDIER SINCE WASHINGTON HAS HAD HIS ROMAN national leadership now in office, it is VIRTUES, AND SO SIGNIFICANTLY SHAPED A PEACE easy to think that I am looking at the first American grown-up-and the last. As much as any man, Marshall saved IN MY MIND, A DIAGRAM OF AMERICAN is unfair, perhaps. Custer's curtain call world democracy at the moment of its military history might begin with a was an act ofself-immolating folly; Pat greatest danger. He took up his duties parallelogram of Georges-George ton, by contrast, was a brilliant tacti as U.S. Army Chief of Staff on Sep Washington and George Marshall; cian and a superb combat leader who tember 1, 1939, the day that Hitler George Armstrong Custer and George redeemed his excesses when he marched into Poland. He began with Patton. A geometry of paired oppo brought the Third Army slashing an absurdly ill-equipped army of sites. In some ways, George Marshall is across Europe toward Hitler's throat. 174,000 men, ranking 17th in the world the best of them all. The other two sides of the parallelo behind such nations as Bulgaria and Custer and Patton are the Hotspur gram, the Stoic Georges, shaped larger Portugal, and turned it into a global sides-martial peacocks, brave, vain American business. -
10, George C. Marshall
'The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government.'" USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture #10 “George C. Marshall: Global Commander” Forrest C. Pogue, 1968 It is a privilege to be invited to give the tenth lecture in a series which has become widely-known among teachers and students of military history. I am, of course, delighted to talk with you about Gen. George C. Marshall with whose career I have spent most of my waking hours since1956. Douglas Freeman, biographer of two great Americans, liked to say that he had spent twenty years in the company of Gen. Lee. After devoting nearly twelve years to collecting the papers of General Marshall and to interviewing him and more than 300 of his contemporaries, I can fully appreciate his point. In fact, my wife complains that nearly any subject from food to favorite books reminds me of a story about General Marshall. If someone serves seafood, I am likely to recall that General Marshall was allergic to shrimp. When I saw here in the audience Jim Cate, professor at the University of Chicago and one of the authors of the official history of the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II, I recalled his fondness for the works of G.A. Henty and at once there came back to me that Marshall once said that his main knowledge of Hannibal came from Henty's The Young Carthaginian. If someone asks about the General and Winston Churchill, I am likely to say, "Did you know that they first met in London in 1919 when Marshall served as Churchill's aide one afternoon when the latter reviewed an American regiment in Hyde Park?" Thus, when I mentioned to a friend that I was coming to the Air Force Academy to speak about Marshall, he asked if there was much to say about the General's connection with the Air Force. -
Medal of Honor Recipients
Want to learn more about the Congressional Medal of Honor and its recipients? There are many great resources available to learn more about the LEST WE FORGET… JOHN ESSEBAGGER, JR. Medal of Honor recipients. If interested, these sites are a good place to start. ARMY — KOREA HOLLAND’S The Congressional Medal of Honor “I walked my post in a military manner.” CONGRESSIONAL That is the quote by the senior picture Society’s website: of John Essebagger, Jr., in the 1946 Holland http://www.cmohs.org/ MEDAL OF HONOR High School yearbook. A member of Company A, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd and The Medal of Honor Foundation’s Infantry Division, Essebagger was a reservist RECIPIENTS who had been recalled into the Army in website: Sept. 1950 and arrived in Korea early in http://www.themedalofhonor.com/ 1951. On Apr. 25, 1951, then Corporal Essebagger sacrificed his life in a heroic one The Medal of Honor is the most -man stand on a Korean battlefield and prestigious military decoration that can posthumously received the Congressional Medal of Honor. be awarded to U.S. military personnel The 22 year-old soldier walked into who have distinguished themselves by murderous gunfire to stall an attack by acts of valor. Generally, the Medal of Communist troops, which allowed his Honor is presented by the President of buddies to withdraw in safety. Essebagger was credited with single-handedly inflicting the United States, on behalf of Congress. heavy losses on the enemy and disrupting their advance before he fell near The Medal of Honor began in the Popsudong, Korea, April 5, 1951. -
World General Knowledge Mcqs About Highest Military Awards
World General Knowledge MCQs about Highest Military Awards Britain’s highest military award is: (a) Victoria Cross (b) Iron Cross (c) Military Cross (d) Medal of Honour Answer: a France’s highest military award is: (a) Medal of Honor (b) Legion of Honour (c) Iron Cross (d) Military Cross Answer: b Germany’s highest military award is: (a) Iron Cross (b) Military Cross (c) Order of the Rising Sun (d) None of these Answer: a India’s highest military award is: (a) Iron Cross (b) Nishan-i-India (c) Param Vir Chakra (d) Military Cross Answer: c Japan’s highest military award is: (a) Order of the Rising Sun (b) Military Cross Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 1 World General Knowledge MCQs about Highest Military Awards (c) Iron Cross (d) Medal of Honour Answer: a Pakistan’s highest military award is: (a) Sitara-e-Jurat (b) Nishan-i-Haider (c) Hilal-i-Jurat (d) Quaid-e-Azam Award Answer: b US’s highest military award is: (a) Medal of Honour (b) Military Cross (c) Iron Cross (d) American Cross Answer: a Highest military award of Italy is: (a) Medal of Honour (b) Medal for Valour (c) Military Cross (d) Iron Cross Answer: b Highest military award of Russia is: (a) Order of the Patriotic War (b) Military Cross (c) Iron Cross (d) Victoria Cross Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 2 World General Knowledge MCQs about Highest Military Awards Answer: a Highest military award of Belgium is: (a) Military Cross (b) Iron Cross (c) Medal of Honour (d) Order of The Rising Sun Answer: a Highest military award of Bangladesh is: (a) Bir Sreshtho (b) Nishan-i-Haider (c) Medal of Honour (d) Order of the Rising Sun Answer: a Highest military award of Israel is: (a) Medal of Valour (b) Iron Cross (c) Medal of Honour (d) Military Cross Answer: a Please Share your comments using Facebook ID Downloaded from www.csstimes.pk | 3. -
Purple Heart Waivers in the Florida College System
Frequently Asked Questions Purple Heart Waivers in the Florida College System What is the Florida > What is the Purple Heart Waiver? College System? The Purple Heart Waiver is found in Florida law. It provides tuition and fee waivers for Florida military veterans who have The Florida College received a purple heart OR combat decoration that is “superior System is a network of in precedence.” To be eligible, you must prove you are a current 28 community colleges, resident for tuition purposes. colleges and state colleges serving nearly a > What medals are “superior in precedence?” million Floridians. Here is a list of medals that would fall under the “superior in precedence” criteria: It is the primary access • Purple Heart point to higher education • Bronze Star (must be “V” designation or device) for Floridians, offering an • Distinguished Flying Cross array of programs designed • Legion of Merit (must be “V” designation or device) to prepare students for entry into the workforce or • Silver Star opportunities to continue • Air Force Cross their education. • Navy Cross • Distinguished Service Cross Find a college near you! • Medal of Honor > What does the waiver cover? The Purple Heart Waiver covers the tuition and fees toward a degree or certificate program up to 110% of the required hours for the program of study. An eligible student enrolled in any associate degree, baccalaureate degree, or career and technical certificate program at a Florida College System institution would qualify. > What sorts of costs are NOT covered by this waiver? This waiver covers tuition and fees only. This means that you will be required to pay for other costs, such as textbooks, housing and food. -
Handout #4: Eisenhower and His Times
Handout #4: Eisenhower and His Times 1890 Dwight David Eisenhower is born on October 14 in Denison, Texas, the third son of Ida and David Eisenhower. “If we were poor-and I’m not sure that we were by the standards of the day- we were unaware of it. All in all, we were a cheerful family. We would have been insulted had anyone offered us charity: instead my mother was always ready to take home remedies or food and start out to help the sick.” --Dwight D. Eisenhower, In Review: Pictures I’ve Kept, 1969 1891 Eisenhower family moves to Abilene, Kansas, a small farm town. Dwight grows up as the third of six brothers. “You get to meet anyone face to face with whom you disagree.” --Dwight D. Eisenhower, quoted in Relman Morin, Dwight D. Eisenhower, A Gauge of Greatness, 1969 1907 Eisenhower is an outstanding high school athlete, playing football and baseball. “I believe that football…tends to instill in men the feeling that victory comes through hard—almost slavish—work.” --Eisenhower, At Ease: Stories I Tell to Friends, 1967 1909 Eisenhower graduates from high school. He does not have the money to go to college. “[My father’s]…sterling honesty, his insistence upon the immediate payment of all debts, his pride in his independence earned for him a reputation that has profited all of us boys. Because of it, all central Kansas helped me to secure an appointment to West Point in 1911.” --Eisenhower, Diaries, March 12, 1942, the day his father is buried 17 1911-1915 Eisenhower wins an appointment to West Point and takes the oath as a plebe. -
WHEREAS, on February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1
SENATE RESOLUTION 8617 By Senators Hasegawa, Hobbs, Brown, Dammeier, Roach, and Chase 1 WHEREAS, On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt 2 issued Executive Order 9066 which authorized the military to forcibly 3 remove and incarcerate more than 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry 4 from the West Coast, including 12,000 Japanese-American residents of 5 Washington State; and 6 WHEREAS, The first Civilian Evacuation Order gave Japanese- 7 Americans from Bainbridge Island less than one week to leave behind 8 homes, farms, businesses, friends, and family and to report to 9 hastily constructed detention centers like Camp Harmony on the 10 grounds of the Western Washington Fair in Puyallup; and 11 WHEREAS, This drastic course of action allegedly aimed to prevent 12 acts of espionage and sabotage by Japanese-Americans who were deemed 13 untrustworthy and disloyal to the United States; and 14 WHEREAS, On March 23, 1943, the War Department organized a 15 segregated unit of Japanese-Americans, many of whom reported for 16 military duty from concentration camps surrounded by barbed wire in 17 which they and their families were detained; and 18 WHEREAS, More than 12,000 volunteers responded to unfounded 19 questions of their loyalty and patriotism by amassing a battle record 20 unparalleled in United States military history that, according to 21 General Douglas MacArthur's chief of intelligence, "saved a million 22 lives and shortened the war by two years"; and p. 1 8617 1 WHEREAS, Equally loyal and patriotic Japanese-Americans fought -
The Bastards of Bataan: General Douglas Macarthur's Role
The Bastards of Bataan: General Douglas MacArthur’s Role in the Fall of the Philippines during World War II By: Lahia Marie Ellingson Senior Seminar: History 499 Professor Bau-Hwa Hsieh Western Oregon University June 8, 2007 Readers Professor Kimberly Jensen Professor John L. Rector Copyright © Lahia Ellingson, 2007 On December 8, 1941, just hours after having attacked the United States’ fleet on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese army turned their attention toward another American stronghold, the forces stationed on the Philippines. Here the Japanese attacked Clark Field, an American airbase on the island of Luzon.1 The subsequent battle and surrender that ensued has become known as “…the worst defeat yet suffered by the United States, a source of national humiliation.”2 With all of the confusion and horror that happened to the men in the Philippines it is hard to understand where blame should be placed. Was it General Douglas MacArthur, the Commanding General in the Philippines at the time? Or were there other factors such as war in Europe and conflicting beliefs on how best to defend the Philippines that led to the defeat? Historians have debated MacArthur’s role in the Philippines for some time. There are those who believe that MacArthur should be held accountable for the fall of the Philippines and those who see him as a commanding general who was in the wrong place at the wrong time. In this paper it will be argued that MacArthur’s actions in the Philippines prior to his escape to Australia hastened the fall of the Philippines, which led to more death and brutality at the hands of the Japanese.