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South Asia Network for Enhancing Climate Transparency

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South Asia Network for Enhancing Climate Transparency SOUTH ASIA NETWORK FOR ENHANCING CLIMATE TRANSPARENCY GLOBAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME – GSP INITIAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE GSP SOUTH ASIA NETWORK 1 Initial Capacity Assessment Report for the GSP South Asia Network COPYRIGHT© This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UDP. DISCLAIMER This publication has been produced as part of a component of the Global Support Programme (GSP) implemented by the UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the GSP or UDP. PUBLISHED BY Global Support Programme (GSP) and UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP). PREPARED UNDER Global Support Programme (GSP) supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). II Acknowledgment We would like to express our gratitude to the Global Support Programme for selecting the South Asia and Southeast Asia regions to establish the collaboration networks in order to enhance the climate transparency activities. We appreciate the contributions and continued support extended by all representatives of the countries and international organizations such as UNDP, UNEP, UNFCCC, and ASEAN Secretariat. We would also like to appreciate Ms. Fatima-Zahra Taibi, Senior Advisor of UNEP-DTU Partnership, for her contributions in supervising, reviewing, editing, and providing valuable inputs to improve the quality of this report. III List of Acronyms 2006 IPCC Guidelines 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories AC Adaptation Communication AD Activity data AF Afghanistan AFOLU Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use AR Assessment Report BD Bangladesh BT Bhutan BTR Biennial transparency report BUR Biennial Update Report CGE Consultative Group of Experts CMA the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement CO Carbon monoxide COP Conference of the Parties CTF Common Tabular Format EF Emission Factors ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework FNC Fourth National Communication FOLU Forestry and other land use GHGs Greenhouse gases GPG Good Practice Guidance GSP Global Support Programme GWP Global Warming Potential HFC Hydrofluorocarbons ICA International Consultation and Analysis ICAT Initiatives for Climate Action Transparency IN India INC Initial National Communication IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IV IPCC good practice Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in guidance National Greenhouse Gas Inventories IPCC good practice Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and guidance for LULUCF Forestry IPPU Industrial processes and product use LK Sri Lanka LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forest MPGs Modalities, Procedures, and Guidelines MRV Measurement, Reporting, and Verification MV Maldives NC National Communication NDC Nationally Determined Contributions NIR National Inventory Report NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic compounds NOX Nitrogen oxides NP Nepal PFC Perfluorocarbons PK Pakistan QA/QC Quality assurance/quality control Revised 1996 IPCC Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Guidelines Inventories SA South Asia SANM South Asia Network Members SEA Southeast Asia SEANM Southeast Asia Network Members SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride SNC Second National Communication SOX Sulfur oxides TIMES The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System TNC Third National Communication UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change V Glossary of Terms Adaptation Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Capacity In the context of climate change, the process of developing the building technical skills and institutional capability in developing countries and economies in transition, to enable them to address effectively the causes and results of climate change. COP Conference of the Parties. The supreme body of the Convention. It currently meets once a year to review the Convention's progress. The word "conference" is not used here in the sense of "meeting" but rather of "association". The "Conference" meets in-sessional periods, for example, the "fourth session of the Conference of the Parties." Fugitive fuel Greenhouse-gas emissions as by-products or waste or loss in the emissions process of fuel production, storage, or transport, such as methane given off during oil and gas drilling and refining, or leakage of natural gas from pipelines. GWP An index representing the combined effect of the differing times greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere and their relative effectiveness in absorbing outgoing infrared radiation. ICA International consultation and analysis, a form of review currently being negotiated and designed in the UNFCCC intergovernmental process. LULUCF A greenhouse gas inventory sector that covers emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from direct human-induced land use, land-use change, and forestry activities. LDCs The world's poorest countries. The criteria currently used by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for designation as an LDC include low income, human resource weakness, and economic vulnerability. Currently, 48 countries have been designated by the UN General Assembly as LDCs. VI Mitigation In the context of climate change, a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching to solar energy or wind power, improving the insulation of buildings, and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. MRV Measurable, reportable, and verifiable. A process/concept that potentially supports greater transparency in the climate change regime. National A document submitted following the Convention (and the Protocol) communication by which a Party informs other Parties, of activities undertaken to address climate change. Most developed countries have now submitted their fifth national communications; most developing countries have completed their first national communication and are in the process of preparing their second. NDC According to Article 4 - paragraph 2 of the Paris Agreement, each Party shall prepare, communicate, and maintain successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs), that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, to achieve the objectives of such contributions. Non-Annex I This refers to countries that have ratified or acceded to the United Parties Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. which are not included in Annex I of the Convention. Party A state (or regional economic integration organization such as the European Union) that agrees to be bound by a treaty and for which the treaty has entered into force. Sink Any process, activity, or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol, or a precursor of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Forests and other vegetation are considered sinks because they remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. VII Sustainable Development that meets the needs of the present without development compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Technology A broad set of processes covering the flows of know-how, experience, transfer and equipment for mitigating and adapting to climate change, among different stakeholders. Vulnerability The degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. Source: UNFCCC- 2020d, Glossary of climate change acronyms and terms VIII Table of Contents Acknowledgment .................................................................................................................................................III List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................... IV Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................................................ VI List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................... XI List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... XII List of Annexes ................................................................................................................................................... XIII Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... XIV 1 Background ....................................................................................................................................................
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