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Food Larders of the Southern Grey Shrike Lanius Meridionalis

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Food Larders of the Southern Grey Shrike Lanius Meridionalis North-Western Journal of Zoology 14/2 - 2018 273 Fejervary, G.I. (1912): Über Ablepharus pannonicus Fitz. Zoologische Jahrbücher feeding areas include both arable land and pastures inter- 33: 457-574. spersed with scattered trees or shrubs that can provide natu- Ferreiro R., Galán, P. (2004): Reproductive ecology of the slow worm (Anguis fragilis) in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Animal Biology 54: 353-371. ral hunting perches (Ajder & Baltag 2017). Their diet is pre- Fischer, J. (1884): Die Zwergschleiche (Ablepharus pannonicus Fitz.) in der dominantly composed of insects supplemented by verte- Gefangenschaft. Zoological Garden 25: 314-316. brates (Karlsson 2004, Morelli et al. 2013, Taibi et al. 2009). Herczeg, G., Kovács, T., Korsós, Z., Török, J. (2007): Microhabitat use, seasonal activity and diet of the snake-eyed skink (Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri) in Caching is performed by shrikes to demarcate territories, comparison with sympatric lacertids in Hungary. Biologia 62: 482-487. store food for inclement weather or periods of stress in the Lewke, R.R., Stroud, R.K. (1974): Freeze branding as a method of marking breeding cycle, divide labor between the breeding pair and snakes. Copeia 1974: 997-1000. Pasuljević, G. (1965): Ritam dnevne i sezonske aktivnosti Ablepharus kitaibelii for “aging” while deterrent chemicals in prey decompose (Bibron et Bory) u Jugoslaviji. Glasnik Prirodnjačkog Muzeja u Beogradu (Yosef & Pinshow 2005). The diet in use pellets of Southern Serija B 20: 311-314. Grey Shrike has been well studied in Europe, especially in Pasuljević, G. (1966): Prilog poznavanju ekologije Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron et Bory). Zbornik Filozofskog Fakulteta u Prištini 3: 459-463. Spain from the meridionalis sub-species (Hernández et al. Pasuljević, G. (1975): Ishrana populacija Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron et Bory, 1993) and in France (Hódar 2006, Lepley et al. 2004), there 1833) u Jugoslaviji. Zbornik radova Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta are studies on aucheri sub-species (Yosef et al. 1991, Budden Univerziteta u Prištini 3: 39-60. & Wright 2001) and the koenigi sub-species (Padilla et al. Pasuljević, G. (1976): Characteristices of habitat and factors determining distribution and activity of the species Ablepharus kitaibelii (Lacertilia, 2005) in Canary Islands. The pellets diet of algeriensis and Scincidae). Acta Biologiae et Medicinae Experimentalis 1-2: 57-63. elegans sub-species in Maghreb (north of Africa) have been Stumpel, A.H.P. (1985): Biometrical and ecological data from a Netherlands studied by Taibi et al. (2009), Taibi et al. (2011), Taibi & population of Anguis fragilis (Reptilia, Sauria, Anguidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 6: 181-194. Doumandji (2015) and Taibi et al. (2015). No reports on the Telenchev, I., Simeonovska-Nikolova, D., Tzonev, R. (2017): Habitat use and shrike’s diet about larder have yet been published in Arabic activity of European glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775), in peninsula and Maghreb. In this paper, we present the first southeastern Bulgaria. Turkish Journal of Zoology 41: 286-293. Vergilov, V., Hristov, G., Lukanov, S., Lambevska, A., Tzankov, N. (2016): First documented observations of this larders diet for the South- record of Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833) in ern Grey Shrike in Algeria. The aim of this study was to Montenegro. Biharean Biologist 10(1): 65-66. compare diet composition by Larders in two different areas Vergilov, V., Tzankov, N., Zlatkov, B. (2018): Age structure and growth in Bulgarian populations of Ablepharus kitaibelii (Bibron & Bory de Saint- in Algeria during the period of 2006 to 2011. Vincent) (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae). Herpetozoa 30(3/4): 179-185. Vervust, B., Van Damme, R. (2009): Marking lizards by heat branding. Study area. The first area is Ramdhania (50 hectare) was located in Herpetological Review 40: 173-174. the North of Algiers, Algeria (36° 38’ N.; 3° 09’ E.). The dominant en- Winne, C.T., Willson, J.D., Andrews, K.M., Reed, R.N. (2006): Efficacy of vironment is constituted by farmland composed mainly of arable marking snakes with disposable medical cautery units. Herpetological fields, meadows, pastures and parcel of wheat and veg delimited by Review 37: 52-54. hurdle olive trees of different ages. The study was carried out during Woodbury, A.M., Hardy, R. (1948): Studies of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii. Ecological Monographs 18: 145-200. the spring of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The second area is Bouhan- nak (50 hectare) was located in Northwestern Algeria, in Tlemcen Key words: heat branding, portable soldering iron, (34° 54’ N.; 1° 20’ W.). This area was covered by no arable fields, skink, coding system, ventral scales. meadows and pastures. The land was continued rock and stone that attract the Shrikes. The dominant environment in the study area is Article No.: e187504 constituted by olive trees. The study was conducted during 2010 and Received: 21. April 2017 / Accepted: 02. March 2018 2011 spring. Available online: 05. March 2018 / Printed: December 2018 Diet analyses. Breeding territories of the Southern Grey Shrike were regularly observed. During these visits the vicinity of territorial, to a radius of 100 meters, were surveyed for impaled prey Vladislav VERGILOV* and Nikolay TZANKOV items. The larders were collected and conserved in plastic bottle with ethanol at 70°. They were fetched in the laboratory for examination Department of Vertebrates, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian and determination of species using binocular. Prey availability was Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. estimated by pitfall traps for arthropods. *Corresponding author, V. Vergilov, E-mail: [email protected] Ecological index and statistical analysis. First, the relative fre- quency (RF %) is uses; the standard of Sturge has been utilized (Scherrer 1984). The second is the relative biomass (B %), there is cal- culating in the mass of the individuals of a prey species as a percent- Food larders of the Southern Grey Shrike age of the total mass of prey. To evaluate diet selection of the main groups of animal’s consumption, the Ivlev’s index (Johnson 1980) Lanius meridionalis algeriensis (Laniidae, was applied. Ivlev’s index ranges from +1 to -1, with values close to Passeriformes) in Algeria +1 indicating consumption at much greater proportions than avail- ability, those near -1 indicating prey taken considerably below avail- ability (Souttou et al. 2007). Chi² test has been used in order to com- Laniidae family was characterized by stock food on the im- pare the diet in the two areas; and to test the differences in Verte- paled prey in the plants thorn and barbed. This family em- brates and Invertebrates items. Results were reported as significant ploys the unique behaviour of impaling prey and like many at a value of p < 0.05. other avian species of creating larders (Tryjanowski et al. 2003, Yosef & Pinshow 2005, Dylewski et al. 2017). The A total of 136 preys larders of the Southern Grey Shrike were Southern Grey Shrike is a predatory passerine species and collected in the north of Algeria, including 17 larders in inhabits mixed agricultural/natural landscapes (Moreno- Ramdhania area (Algiers) and 119 larders in Bouhannak area Rueda et al. 2016). The Shrikes store the nutrition in plants (Tlemcen). Despite systematic searching, only six caches thorn, barbed and branch of trees for the roll of stock (Brown were found in Ramdhania area, (Table 1). However; in Bou- et al. 2005, Morelli et al. 2015, Dylewski et al. 2017). Their hannak area, the number of individuals was bigger (Table 2), 274 Correspondence –Notes Table 1. Relative frequency and occurrence frequency in the larders of the Southern Grey Shrike at Ramdhania (Algiers). Phyl./clas./ordr., Phylum class or order; NP, number of prey items; RF%, Relative frequency; OF%, occurrence frequency; B%, percentage of wet biomass; Iiv, values of Ivlev index; sp. und., species undetermined. Phyl./clas./ordr. Species NP RF% OF% B% Iiv Invertebrata Myriapoda Chilopoda sp. und. 6 35.29 66.67 0.54 +1 Insecta Macrothorax morbillosus 1 5.88 16.67 1.61 -0.79 Geotrupes sp. 1 5.88 16.67 1.18 -0.79 Silpha granulata 1 5.88 16.67 0.43 +1 Bombus sp. 2 11.76 33.33 0.64 +1 Invertebrata subtotal 11 64.69 4.40 Vertebrata Amphibia Discoglossus pictus 2 11.76 33.33 21.48 - Squamata Chalcides ocellatus 1 5.88 16.67 32.22 - Aves Erithacus rubecula 1 5.88 16.67 21.48 - Rodentia Mus spretus 2 11.76 33.33 20.41 - Vertebrata subtotal 6 35.28 95.60 Table 2. Relative frequency and occurrence frequency in the larders of the Southern Grey Shrike at Bouhannak area (Tlemcen). Phyl./clas./ordr., Phylum class or order; NP, number of prey items; RF%, Relative frequency; Iiv, values of Ivlev index; B%, percentage of wet biomass; OF%, occurrence frequency; sp. und., species undetermined. Phyl./clas./ordr. Species NP RF% OF% B% Iiv Invertebrata Scorpionida Buthus occitanus 2 1.68 22.22 5.53 +1 Annelida Annelida sp. und. 1 0.84 11.11 8.84 +1 Myriapoda Chilopoda sp. und. 1 0.84 11.11 0.55 +1 Iulus sp. 3 2.52 11.11 0.22 +1 Insecta Orthoptera sp. und. 3 2.52 11.11 0.44 -0.9 Geotrupes sp. 53 44.54 55.56 1.22 +1 Pimelia grandis 17 14.29 55.56 1.55 +1 Asida sp. 24 20.17 77.78 0.11 +1 Trox sp. 3 2.52 22.22 0.11 +1 Brachycerus sp. 3 2.52 22.22 0.08 -0.9 Timarcha sp. 1 0.84 11.11 0.01 +1 Copris lunaris 1 0.84 11.11 1.11 +1 Invertebrata subtotal 112 94.12 19.76 Vertebrata Rodentia Mus spretus 1 0.84 11.11 21.00 - Squamata Chalcides ocellatus 1 0.84 11.11 33.16 - Ophidia sp.
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