General Health Management Strategies in Wrestling Dr Stevan Sikimic Overview

Home , Combat sport

• Wrestling • General / Benefits

• Health Management Strategy • Management of sport injuries

• Health Management in Wrestling • Challenges • Success Factors • Common Medical Problems

• Summary

2 Overview

• Wrestling • General / Benefits

• Health Management Strategy • Management of sport injuries

• Health Management in Wrestling • Challenges • Success Factors • Common Medical Problems

• Summary

3 Wrestling Styles • Greco Roman Wrestling • Freestyle Wrestling Men • Freestyle Wrestling Women

• Grappling • Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) • Sumo Wrestling

4 Wrestling Characteristics

• Physically highly demanding one-to-one combat sport

• Involvement of whole body muscle

• 3 sessions of 2 minutes each, 30 seconds break in-between

• Wrestling techniques: throws, takedowns, pins, grappling holds

• Reuse of wrestling techniques in other combat sports, military combat and self- defense techniques

5 Benefits of Wrestling for Athletes

• Physical Fitness • Mental Development • Speed • Courage • Agility • Persistance • Muscular endurance • Self-control • Stamina strength • Sportsmanship • Flexibility

6 Overview

• Wrestling • General / Benefits

• Health Management Strategy • Management of sport injuries

• Health Management in Wrestling • Challenges • Success Factors • Common Medical Problems

• Summary

7 Role of Sports Medicine

• Key tasks of sports medicine:

• Managing the athlete’s health while optimizing the performance

• Protecting the athletes against the unnecessary risk

• Providing adequate illness and injury management

• Good sport-specific knowledge, in order to understand the athlete’s goals and challenges

8 Management of Sport Injuries

Prevention Diagnosis

Rehabilitation Treatment

9 Management of Sport Injuries

•Adequate trainings •Proper sporting gear •Good overall health •Warm-up and stretching routines •Build hygiene habits •Personal and community hygiene Prevention Diagnosis

Rehabilitation Treatment

10 Management of Sport Injuries

•Accurate and timely •Individualization •Effective anamneses •Clinical and special examinations Prevention Diagnosis

Rehabilitation Treatment

11 Management of Sport Injuries

Prevention Diagnosis

Rehabilitation Treatment •Wound protection •Resting •Compression •Medication •Self- or professional help

12 Management of Sport Injuries

Prevention Diagnosis

•Rehabilitation plan Rehabilitation Treatment •Patient-specific •Injury-specific •Pain management •Return to sport •Continuous monitoring

13 Management of Sport Injuries

•Adequate trainings •Accurate and timely •Proper sporting gear •Individualization •Good overall health •Effective anamneses •Warm-up and stretching routines •Clinical and special •Build hygiene habits examinations •Personal and community hygiene Prevention Diagnosis

•Rehabilitation plan Rehabilitation Treatment •Wound protection •Patient-specific •Resting •Injury-specific •Compression •Pain management •Medication •Return to sport •Self- or professional •Continuous monitoring help

14 Management of Sport Injuries

15 Health Management Strategy

Regular Health Special Examinations Individual treatment of Continuous monitoring & Validations injury / illness / re-validation of health psychological condition status

• Health Status • Diagnosis • Establishing best • Risk reduction • Setting individual medical practice • Injury prevention goals • Gathering sport- specific competences

16 Health Management Strategy

Regular Health Special Examinations Individual treatment of Continuous monitoring & Validations injury / illness / re-validation of health psychological condition status

• Health Status • Diagnosis • Establishing best • Risk reduction • Setting individual medical practice • Injury prevention goals • Gathering sport- specific competences

• Optimization tools: • Electronic medical records • Power of social media for spreading information

17 Overview

• Wrestling • General / Benefits

• Health Management Strategy • Management of sport injuries

• Health Management in Wrestling • Challenges • Success Factors • Common Medical Problems

• Summary

18 Challenges of Health Management in Wrestling

• High sports injury rate

• Strong difference in medical care level and medical service around world

• Dependence of financial state of medical care system in the country

• Main challenges:

• Determine a common model for health management regardless of the country

• Optimize medical services for wrestlers

• Give recommendations to wrestling federations

19 Factors for Success in Wrestling

• Physical and mental factors contributing to successful performance in wrestling: • Fitness condition:

• Muscular strength and endurance / Aerobic endurance / Strong neck muscles

• Body composition • Balanced nutrition and hydration

• Good training process

• Regular health examinations

• Adequate treatment of injuries and illnesses

20 Common Injuries and Medical Problems

• Skin infections

• Head and face injuries

• Upper body injuries

• Lower body injuries

21 Skin infections

• Increased risk for injuries for wrestlers: • Skin trauma – broken natural skin barrier for infections • Prolonged exposure to potential infectious agents of the skin

• Infected areas: • Head / neck / face due to maximum skin-to- skin contact • Primary transmission of infections via skin (not mats and other environmental sources)

• Infectious agents: • HSV, bacterial, fungal infections

22 Skin infections

• Increased risk for injuries for wrestlers: Herpes Gladiatorum • Skin trauma – broken natural skin barrier for infections • Prolonged exposure to potential infectious agents of the skin

MRSA • Infected areas: infections • Head / neck / face due to maximum skin-to- skin contact • Primary transmission of infections via skin (not mats and other environmental sources)

Tinea • Infectious agents: Gladiatorum • HSV, bacterial, fungal infections

23 Skin infections

• Prevention:

• Education about symptoms

• Early detection of infections

• Exclusion of athletes from wrestling

• Clean equipment and mats

• Usage of common towels discouraged

• High hygienic level

24 Head and Face Injuries

• Common injuries • Auricular hematoma • Skin lacerations • Epitaxis • Cervical strain • Dental fractures • Bleeding

• Prevention • Neck strengthening

25 Lower Limb Injuries

• Common injuries • Prepatellar bursitis • Medial collateral ligament sprain (MCLS)

• Prevention • Usage of adequate equipment (knee pads, bandages) • Floor mats

26 Upper Limb Injuries

• Common injuries • Shoulder subluxation / dislocation • Elbow dislocation • Finger dislocation

• Prevention • Shoulder flexibility / Rotator cuff strengthening

27 Overview

• Wrestling • General / Benefits

• Health Management Strategy • Management of sport injuries

• Health Management in Wrestling • Challenges • Success Factors • Common Medical Problems

• Summary

28 Summary

• Success in wrestling achieved through joint work of athletes, coaches and special personnel: sport medicine doctors, nutritionists, physiotherapists and other professionals.

• Medical care should be personalized for each athlete

• The main goal: to achieve the best sport results with the lowest consequences for health of the athlete.

29 Thank You for Your Attention