Was Duleep Singh a Winner Or a Loser from the British Empire? Use These Templates to Help You Complete the Living Graph on Page 17

2A Was Duleep Singh a winner or a loser from the British Empire? Use these templates to help you complete the Living Graph on page 17. Complete both templates below for each stage of Duleep Singh’s life. Use coloured pencils to shade over each one in red, amber or green, depending on your level of certainty, or you could use felt pen to outline the boxes. Cut out each template and stick them onto the Living Graph.

Green – we all agree and are sure about our ideas/this is what Duleep Singh thought. Amber – we have had some difficulty deciding but think these thoughts are quite accurate. The debate is reflected in the comments and evidence. Red – we are not at all sure and have explained why in the comments and evidence.

Stage: Dates:

Duleep Singh’s thoughts on whether he was Evidence a winner or loser

Stage: Dates:

My/our thoughts on whether he was a Evidence winner or loser

© Hodder Education, 2009 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book 99 2B Was Duleep Singh a winner or a loser from the British Empire? Word Bank You can use the words and phrases below in your explanations for the Living Graph on page 17.

It is certain that It is clear that It is probable that

It is likely/unlikely that It seems possible that It may be that

We think this because This is confirmed by This is suggested by

The reason for this conclusion is However On the other hand

At the same time In addition Conflicting evidence suggests

100 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 3 Producing a balanced argument

Use the fingers of the left and right hands to record five points for each side of your argument.

Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 24.

‘BRINGING HISTORY AND CULTURE TOGETHER’

This plaque commemorates the official unveiling of this monument by HRH the Prince of Wales K.G.K.T., on 29 July 1999.

In 1843 Maharajah Duleep Singh succeeded his father to the throne of the sovereign Sikh kingdom of Punjab. He was destined to be its last ruler.

In 1849, following the closely fought Anglo-Sikh wars, the British annexed the Punjab. Duleep Singh was compelled to resign his sovereign rights and exiled. It was at this time that the Koh-i-noor diamond, later incorporated into the crown jewels, passed to the British authorities.

Duleep Singh eventually came to Britain and settled at the Elveden estate in Suffolk. He was a close favourite of Queen Victoria and became a prominent local figure in East Anglia.

Later in his life he announced his intention to return to his beloved Punjab but was not allowed to do so. He died in Paris on 22 October 1893 having re-embraced the Sikh faith and whilst still engaged in a struggle to reclaim his throne.

To this day the Sikh nation aspires to regain its sovereignty.

Deg Teg Fateh

102 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 © HodderEducation, 2009 5 How typical were the experiences of Duleep Singh? Use this copy of the chart on page 25 to record your judgements about the case study you have been allocated.

Name of person Positive experiences Negative experiences Indian person’s likely My/Our overall under and resulting from under and resulting from overall judgement – what judgement British rule British rule would they have thought at the time? SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book 103 6 Did India lose or gain from the British Empire?

Complete these character cards to use on the line of winners and losers from the British Empire, shown on page 28.

Duleep Dadabhai Singh Naoroji

Brief summary Brief summary of winning of winning points points

Brief summary Brief summary of losing of losing points points

Kumar Shri Dr Bhimrao Ranjitsinhji Ambedkar

Brief summary Brief summary of winning of winning points points

Brief summary Brief summary of losing of losing points points

104 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 6 (continued) Did India lose or gain from the British Empire?

Complete these character cards to use on the line of winners and losers from the British Empire, shown on page 28.

Rural Lascar Indians sailors

Brief summary Brief summary of winning of winning points points

Brief summary Brief summary of losing of losing points points

Indians in the cities

Brief summary of winning points

Brief summary of losing points

© Hodder Education, 2009 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book 105 Give each pretations of the same the evidence. British Empire. 7 Doing History: Diversity and interpretations by including some people, topics or evidence and leaving out down-playing others. interpretations different People create Create your own version of this poster to use for a display that aims help others understand how two totally different inter historical event can both be true. Make up the names and backgrounds of two historians with opposing views about historian a speech bubble stating their different interpretations of the impact of the British Empire on one or more of its colonies. Select evidence historian a speech bubble stating their different interpretations of the impact British Empire on one or more its colonies. Copy the heading from example to explain what your poster is about. that each could use to support their point of view. It seems at first that one of the interpretations must be wrong because the two are so different. In fact, both interpretations are useful and accurate It seems at first that one of the interpretations must be wrong because two are so different. In fact, both but selective, probably because of the specialist interests each historian. A more balanced interpretation could include all

106 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 8 How important was the role played by Mohandas Gandhi in ending British rule in India? You can copy and complete the introduction below and use the paragraph starter sentences to structure your essay for the extended writing activity on page 33.

Mohandas Gandhi arrived in British India in ... and joined the ... Party. At first he was thought to be ... by the British but this was a significant underestimation of his importance. However, there were other factors that contributed to the British decision to leave ... and these should not be ignored when assessing the impact of Gandhi’s ... Gandhi was important because his actions weakened British control of India. He began a Satyagraha campaign, which ... [Explain what the term means and what Gandhi actually did as part of his campaign.] By the 1920s, the British realised that Gandhi’s policy of non-violent non- cooperation was a threat to their rule and he was arrested but when he was released he ... [Explain first the Declaration of Independence, then the Salt March and their impact.]

For the next fifteen years, Gandhi continued his peaceful protest. He ... [Briefly mention some of Gandhi’s other actions and indicate why they were important – fasting, the London conference, sustained pressure during the Second World War – but do not fall into the trap of telling the stories at length, focus on their effect.] However, other people were also involved in the campaign to get the British out of India, for example ... [Explain how Jawaharlal Nehru and ordinary Indians played a part.] The movement to free India may not have gained as much support if the British had not made mistakes which angered many Indians. After the First world War ... [Explain the Rowlatt Acts and the Amritsar Massacre – do not tell the whole story but summarise events and show why the British lost respect as a result of these.] At the end of the Second World War, changed circumstances meant Britain was now certain to quit India. Firstly, ... [Describe the political and economic situation at home in Britain and why it affected policy towards India.]

In conclusion, ... [Give your own judgement about the importance of Gandhi as an individual, compared to other factors.]

Using the information from page 34, write key points about Gandhi’s life and philosophy around the photograph below.

108 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 © HodderEducation, 2009 10 The GandhiThreatOmeter Use this sheet for the Activity on page 35. Colour in the outside band of the GandhiThreatOmeter. Green is safe for the British, amber means the British should be starting to worry and red suggests Gandhi is a serious threat. Draw a needle onto a copy of the GandhiThreatOmeter for each stage of the story, to show the level of threat Gandhi posed to the British. Explain why you have drawn the needle in this position in the box below. SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book I have put the needle here because ______

GandhiThreatOmeter ______

______

______109 11 Lord Mountbatten’s problems, 1947

Use these cards to carry out the Activity on page 42.

1 Some areas of India were 5 The wealth of India was very 9 The Muslim League had done dominated by one religious unevenly distributed and much well in the elections of 1940 group. of the population lived in and was determined that desperate poverty whilst some Muslim areas should not form small sections held fabulous part of the new India but should wealth. rule themselves in a separate country called ‘Pakistan’ (land of the pure).

2 Members of each religion often 6 Some areas were quite evenly 10 Nehru and Gandhi, leaders of distrusted each other and split between religions. The the Congress Party, believed rumour often caused savage Punjab, for example, was very that all religions should remain mob violence. evenly split between Muslims in the new India. They were and Sikhs. opposed to the idea of Pakistan but could not persuade the Muslim League to agree with them.

3 Muslims and Hindus were not 7 India’s population was split into 11 Some provinces of India were used to working together. three main religious groups: far richer in terms of good soil Ever since 1906 the British had Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. or resources than others. If the allowed them to elect separate Hindus were by far the largest country were to be divided representatives in even the group with nearly 80% of the these rich provinces – such as smallest communities. This had population. the Punjab – would cause much been done partly to prevent the unrest. views of the Muslim minority from being swamped – but also 8 The British armed forces 12 Britain was nearly bankrupt the British knew that a divided consisted of many men who after the Second World War. The community would be far easier had signed up for the Prime Minister was in a to rule. duration of the war only. desperate hurry to get out of They were impatient to go home India. and mutinies began to break 4 The Indian National Congress out in 1946. Mountbatten 13 A Muslim day of protest in was dominated by Hindus. couldn’t do without these August 1946 had led to mass By 1946 most Muslims trusted troops until India gained religious violence; 15,000 dead the rival Muslim League (led by independence but he was Hindus and Muslims were left Mohammed Jinnah) to represent increasingly worried about their rotting in the streets. If this their interests. loyalty. kind of violence were ever to spread across India millions might die.

110 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 12 How would partition affect the situation?

Use this chart to help you with the Activity on page 43. Decide which situation cards fit best into which column, adding a brief explanation of your reason. You may have to put some into more than one column if different groups would be affected in different ways by partition. Card 1 has been done for you as an example.

Improved Unaffected Made worse Card 1: because dominant Card 1: minority have very religious group in power hard time

© Hodder Education, 2009 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book 111 increasing poverty National break-up and/or Doubt and uncertainty wealth Status and 13 How secure is the future for India? Use this copy of the road diagram from page 44 with cards on Activity sheet 14.

112 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 14 How secure is the future for India?

Use these cards to sort onto the road diagram on Activity sheet 13.

1 The electricity supply to many 8 New crops and growing 15 In India the state stores over a Indian villages is very techniques mean that India tonne of rice for every family unreliable. now produces more than below the poverty line but has enough food to feed its no strong system to distribute population. this food.

2 India has an average income 9 Many Indian companies are 16 India has fought three wars per person of less than reluctant to employ workers with neighbouring Pakistan US $750 per year. since the law makes it very since 1947. In 2002 India and difficult to sack a bad Pakistan faced each other with employee. a million soldiers along the disputed border of Kashmir.

3 The Indian state broadcaster 10 India is world-famous for its 17 Both India and Pakistan had only one TV channel in technical and engineering possess nuclear warheads and 1991 but by 2006 it had more expertise. It produces one missiles to carry them. In than 150. million engineering graduates 1998 India tested five nuclear every year. Europe and the USA bombs. The Pakistanis then each produce fewer than tested six. 100,000.

4 India badly needs to improve 11 Only 65% of Indians can read 18 Many Indian Hindus still irrigation for poor farmers. and write compared to 90% of support the caste system Chinese people. where people are given a rank by birth. Caste or rank often decides who gets the best jobs.

5 Most villagers in India rely on 12 In 2006 almost 300 million 19 Some new industries, such as money sent back from relatives Indians were still below the ICT, do choose workers on living in cities. Agricultural poverty line and unsure merit rather than by caste. This plots are frequently too small whether they could afford their trend is growing. to support a family. next meal.

6 Only 35 million Indians out of 13 The poverty rate in India is 20 India imports over 70% of the 470 million have job security. dropping at 1% per year. In oil it uses. 21 of those 35 million work for 2001 it was 26%. the Indian government.

7 The Indian company Tata is 14 India hopes to send a probe to 21 Pipelines for gas for India one of the largest and most the moon by 2010. would need to come across successful steel and vehicle the territory of Pakistan or Iran. making companies in the world. It owns Jaguar and Land Rover.

22 Many Indian Hindus will not 29 India has freedom of speech 36 India has no official religion. All even drink from the same well and an independent judiciary religions are tolerated. as somebody who is at the (court judges). bottom of the caste system – an untouchable.

23 India’s economy has grown at 30 When an earthquake hit 37 There is a Hindu party with 75% per year since 2004. Pakistani Kashmir in 2005 the policies designed to make border was opened along the Hinduism the dominant religion disputed line to let aid pass in India. through.

24 India’s Ministry of Railways is 31 China and Pakistan both 38 India is predicted to have the the second largest employer in border India. China is world’s largest population by the world. (The largest is Pakistan’s biggest arms 2032. China’s army.) supplier.

25 India has some world-class 32 Since 2003 India and Pakistan 39 In 2001 average life roads linking its major cities. have been engaged in serious expectancy was 65 years in peace talks over Kashmir. India.

26 India is very short of good 33 China and India have two of 40 India has only 2.5 million roads across most of its the largest and fastest growing tourist visitors a year, fewer territory. economies in the world. Each than Dubai or Singapore. The supplies the other with needed UK has approximately 25 goods and services. million visitors per year.

27 India has been a democracy 34 The USA has agreed to help 41 Fewer than 2% of Indian people for its whole history apart from India develop many nuclear own their own vehicles yet thirteen months in 1975– reactors to help produce traffic congestion is horrific in 1976. energy. the cities.

28 India is the world’s largest 35 India’s film industry is one of 42 In terms of numbers infected, democracy and has full the largest in the world. India is the second largest electronic voting. sufferer from HIV/AIDS in the world after South Africa.

Use this table for the Activity on page 46. Add your own percentages to the column about India. Use information from pages 47–51 to complete the table. Reasons why British rule ended

Factor India Kenya Hong Kong Protest ... % because the protests led by Gandhi and the INC showed that the Indian people would no longer accept British rule

Economics ... % because

Pressure ... % because from other countries

Changing ... % because the new views in Labour government that Britain came to power in 1945 believed that India should be independent

Other factors

© Hodder Education, 2009 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book 115 16 Mau Mau! 1952–1959 Fill in the two thought bubbles below for discussion task on page 48. One will be thoughts of an actual Mau member and other innocent suspect.

116 SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2009 © HodderEducation, 2009 17 Mrs Thatcher decides Use this chart to complete Activity 1 on page 51.

Position Advantage Disadvantage

1 Simply hand over all of Could possibly lead to riots in Hong Kong Hong Kong to the Chinese

2 Hand over Hong Kong but May allow Hong Kong’s people to carry on their try to negotiate a special deal on how it would be run way of life and would allow Hong Kong to continue investing money for China

3 Hand over the New SHP History Year 9 Teacher’s Resource Book Legally correct Territories but hold onto Hong Kong Island and Kowloon

4 Refuse to hand over any of Could lead to war against a nuclear-armed Hong Kong on the grounds that the people living there country with the largest army on Earth were against handover. Prepare to fight 117