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The Parasitoids of the African White Rice Borer, Maliarpha Separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Research Collection Journal Article The parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Author(s): Polaszek, A.; Fitton, M.G.; Bianchi, G.; Huddleston, T. Publication Date: 1994 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000422572 Originally published in: Bulletin of Entomological Research 84(1), http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300032247 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Bulletin of Entomological Research (1994) 84, 065-090 65 The parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) A. Polaszek Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands/International Institute of Entomology, London, UK M.G. Fitton Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK G. Bianchi Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland T. Huddleston Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK Abstract A key is provided for the recognition of the hymenopterous parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot, a pest of rice in Africa and Madagascar. Five species are described as new: Braconidae: Chelonus maudae Huddleston, Rhaconotus carinatus Polaszek; Ichneumonidae: Pristomerus bullis Fitton, Pristomerus cans Fitton, Venturia jordanae Fitton. The following synonyms are proposed: Goniozus indicus Muesebeck, G. natalensis Gordh and G. procerae Risbec are synonymized with Goniozus indicus Ashmead. Phanerotoma major Brues is synonymized with Phanerotoma saussurei Kohl. Lectotypes are designated for Goniozus procerae Risbec, Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson and Garouella ovicida Risbec. The known distributions, biologies and alternative hosts of each parasitoid are provided, and their use as biological control agents or components of integrated pest management programmes are discussed. -
The Parasitoids of the African White Rice Borer, Maliarpha Separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Bulletin of Entomological Research (1994) 84, 065-090 65 The parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) A. Polaszek Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands/International Institute of Entomology, London, UK M.G. Fitton Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK G. Bianchi Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland T. Huddleston Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK Abstract A key is provided for the recognition of the hymenopterous parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot, a pest of rice in Africa and Madagascar. Five species are described as new: Braconidae: Chelonus maudae Huddleston, Rhaconotus carinatus Polaszek; Ichneumonidae: Pristomerus bullis Fitton, Pristomerus cans Fitton, Venturia jordanae Fitton. The following synonyms are proposed: Goniozus indicus Muesebeck, G. natalensis Gordh and G. procerae Risbec are synonymized with Goniozus indicus Ashmead. Phanerotoma major Brues is synonymized with Phanerotoma saussurei Kohl. Lectotypes are designated for Goniozus procerae Risbec, Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson and Garouella ovicida Risbec. The known distributions, biologies and alternative hosts of each parasitoid are provided, and their use as biological control agents or components of integrated pest management programmes are discussed. Introduction pest of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima). It . , , , , ,, , , I, , ,, also occurs on the wild rices O. longistammata and O. Maliarpha separatella oRagonot, commonly called the , , ., i i ir«*-.\ A L r /-T. LU . lf-L • L • l i L ii punctata /(BrenierD e et«/., 1962). Apart from Oryza spp. it has Africa c n white rice borer, is known almost exclusively as a f , , , ', ., i A i been reported only ctrom the wild grasses Andropogon tectorum and Echinochloa holubu (Anon., 1970, 1977). -
Pyralidae: Phycitinae) in Irrigated Paddy Fields at Lake Alaotra (Madagascar)
Insect Sci. Applic. Vol. 14, No. 5/6, pp. 667-673, 1993 0191-9040/93 $3.00 + 0.00 Printed in Kenya. All rights reserved © 1993 ICIPE NOXIOUSNESS OF THE AFRICAN WHITE STEM BORER, MALIARPHA SEPARATELLA RAG (PYRALIDAE: PHYCITINAE) IN IRRIGATED PADDY FIELDS AT LAKE ALAOTRA (MADAGASCAR) G. BIANCHI1, B. RASOLOARISON2 and M. GENINI3 'Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Clausiusstr. 21/CLS, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Subdivision Regionale de la Protection des Vegetaux (S.R.P.V.), Station Alaotra 503, Madagascar; 3Project "Protection integree en riziculture au Lac Alaotra" (PLI), B.P. 30, Station Alaotra 503, Madagascar (Received 13 May 1992; accepted 19 November 1993) Abstract—A study of the noxiousness of the African white rice stem borer, Maliarpha separatella Rag carried out under controlled field conditions has revealed that the impact of this pest on the yield and its components is assessable. For mean infestation rates up to 68% during the period of highest sensitivity of a paddy rice culture (second half of tillering to panicle initiation), no significant decrease could be observed in the number of panicles, nor any significant increase in the number of white heads and the number of empty grains per hill. However, with increasing infestation rates, the number of immature panicles increased and the number and weight of filled grains per hill decreased. An explorative analysis of the infestation rate-yield loss relationship, showed that a sigmoid model describes this interdependence appropriately. The proposed economic injury level (EIL), is here considered more the result of an approach, which had as its goal the re-definition of the status of the pest than as an instrument of a chemical control programme with treatments based on an action threshold. -
Abundance and Spatial Dispersion of Rice Stem Borer Species in Kahama, Tanzania Alfonce Leonard1 and Gration M
Journal of Insect Science Research Abundance and Spatial Dispersion of Rice Stem Borer Species in Kahama, Tanzania Alfonce Leonard1 and Gration M. Rwegasira2,3 1Department of Crops, Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute (LZARDI), P.O. Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Crop Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005 SUA, Morogoro, Tanzania Subject Editor: Brian Aukema J. Insect Sci. (2015) 15(1): 132; DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev106 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article-abstract/15/1/132/2583439 by guest on 04 October 2018 ABSTRACT. Species diversity, abundance, and dispersion of rice stem borers in framer’s fields were studied in four major rice growing areas of Kahama District. Stem borer larvae were extracted from the damaged tillers in 16 quadrants established in each field. Adult Moths were trapped by light traps and collected in vials for identification. Results indicated the presence of Chilo partellus, Maliarpha separatella, and Sesamia calamistis in all study areas. The most abundant species was C. partellus (48.6%) followed by M. separatella (35.4%) and S. calamistis was least abundant (16.1%). Stem borers dispersion was aggregated along the edges of rice fields in three lo- cations (wards) namely: Bulige, Chela, and Ngaya. The dispersion in the fourth ward, Kashishi was uniform as established from two of the three dispersion indices tested. Further studies would be required to establish the available alternative hosts, the extent of eco- nomic losses and the distribution of rice stem borers in the rest of the Lake zone of Tanzania. -
A Matter of Knowledge the Fall Armyworm and Its Management In
A Matter of Knowledge The Fall Armyworm and its Management in Giathenge, Kenya Interdisciplinary Land Use and Natural Resource Management (5440-B3-3F18) 06.04.2018 Iason Koutroumpelas - trl799 Manon Bourqui - bmq694 Laura Møller Schmidt - frv103 Simon Siantidis - bsr899 Supervisors: Christian Pilegaard Hansen & Lise Tjørring Words: 9579 SLUSE 2018 SLUSE 2018 Abstract Among the various agricultural and socio-economic issues that Africa and Kenya face, another threat puts agriculture and food security at risk since 2017. The Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) shows a highly destructive potential in warm climates like in Africa due to its fast distribution and its consumption of many economical crops. The pest is native to the Americas, where many control methods have been implemented in the agricultural practices of maize farmers to manage the pest. In contrast, control of the FAW is still in the initial stage in Africa and Kenya. To control the pest adequately, the Kenyan government and the international community released an action plan which promotes the use of pesticides among other solutions. This paper aims on examining the active management process against the FAW and the potential of non-chemical pesticides control methods in the area of Giathenge in Othaya sub-county, Nyeri. Results were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with farmers, pesticide retailers and a government official during our field trip. Findings revealed that control methods were limited to chemical pesticides and traditional methods (e.g. application of ash and soil). Lack of knowledge and organisation among the people lead to these limitations, while poor application of pesticides decreased the effectiveness of the latter. -
Incidences and Spatial Distribution of Stem Borers in Rice
ii INCIDENCES AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF STEM BORERS IN RICE CROP IN KAHAMA DISTRICT ALFONCE LEONARD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN CROP SCIENCE OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA. 2015 ii ABSTRACT Studies were carried out to establish the role and significance of rice stem borers as pests in rice crop in Kahama District from November, 2013 to May, 2014. Twenty rice fields in four wards of Kahama District were surveyed to assess the presence of larvae and adult moths. Each field was divided into four strata within which four quadrats were established in each. In each quadrat, the damaged rice tillers (dead heart), damaged panicles (white head) and total number of tillers and panicles were counted. Stem borer incidences were computed from observations for each of the studied rice varieties and with reference to the sowing dates. Stem borer larvae were extracted from each of the damaged tiller and counted to establish stem borer dispersion. Moths were trapped by a black light trap cascaded with normal light attached to a white cloth and collected in vials for further identification in the laboratory. Dispersion was determined by three indices i.e. Morisista’s index, Taylor power law and Iwao’s mean crowding regression. Statistical packages (GenStat 15 edition VSN international) and (SPSS 16 version IBM Corporation) were used for data analysis of abundance and incidences respectively. Results indicated that the most abundant species was Chilo partellus (48.6%) followed by Maliarpha separatalla (35.4%) and lastly Sesamia calamists (16.1%). -
Research Into Use Programme Supporting Innovation - Changing Lives
Research into Use Programme Supporting Innovation - Changing lives EVENT DOCUMENTATION IN SIERRA LEONE Compiled By David Sam Suale Country Coordinator TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 3 SECTION 1: SIERRA LEONE COUNTRY ASSESSMENT REPORT 4 SECTION 2: REPORT OF RESEARCH FAIR – SIERRA LEONE 37 SECTION 3: POST COUNTRY ASSESSMENT STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT 45 SECTION 4: RESEARCH INTO USE IN SIERRA LEONE 59 SECTION 5: RIU AND THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN SIERRA LEONE 62 SECTION 6: REPORT ON COMMUNICATION AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT 67 SECTION 7: PROPOSED INTEGRATED PILOT INTERVENTION FOR ARTISANAL FISHERIES 88 SECTION 8: HISTORICAL STUDY OF CROPS RESEARCH BASED IN SIERRA LEONE 100 SECTION 9: INFORMATION MARKET FIELD REPORT 140 SECTION 10: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR 145 SECTION 11: DRAFT COUNTRY STRATEGY DOCUMENT FOR SIERRA LEONE 151 2 Preface The objective of this compilation is to see at a glance all events relating to RIU work in Sierra Leone for 2007. It contains various documents including reports (workshops, field visits, assessments etc), proposals, articles, historical information on research work in Sierra Leone, strategy document an the like. At the glance is produced for the purpose of information sharing and to follow a step-by-step progress on events in Sierra Leone. It is divided into eleven sections and each section is just the same as it has been presented in the original document. I hope the reader finds it useful in his/her work. 3 SECTION 1: SIERRA LEONE COUNTRY ASSESSMENT REPORT Assessment Team Norman Clark (Team leader) -
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Populations in West
THE PHYLOGENETIC AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF PEDIOBIUS FURVUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) POPULATIONS IN WEST AFRICA. IBRAHIM MANGHA OKEKE SHAMIE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY, 2004 UMI Number: U584700 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U584700 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 THE PHYLOGENETIC AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF P E D IO B IU S F U R V U S (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) POPULATIONS IN WEST AFRICA. BY IBRAHIM MANGHA OKEKE SHAMIE DIPLOMA IN INSECT TAXONOMY (DISTINCTION) MASTER OF PHILISOPHY CARDIFF UNIVERSITY THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CARDIFF UNIVERSITY MAY, 2004 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Date STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations except where stated and due acknowledgement has been made if any assistance received. A bibliography is appended. Signedt .V^(Candidate) D.U ......................... STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. -
I MANAGEMENT OPTIONS for RICE STEM BORERS in IRRIGATED
i MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR RICE STEM BORERS IN IRRIGATED LOW LAND RICE ECOSYSTEMS IN TANZANIA BONAVENTURE JANUARY A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CROP SCIENCE OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE MOROGORO, TANZANIA. 2020 ii EXTENDED ABSTRACT Studies were carried out to establish the role and significance of rice stem borers as pests of rice crop in irrigated low land rice ecosystems in Tanzania; and to evaluate the effectiveness of some management options against the pest. A survey by means of structured questionnaire was initially used to assess the farmer’s perception on rice stem borers and their management practices in three wards of Kilombero district in Morogoro Region, namely, Mkula, Sanje and Signali. This was followed by diagnostic survey to assess the incidences and population dynamics of rice stem borer species and the naturally existing parasitoids in farmers’ fields. Farmers reported several insect pests such as stem borers, white flies, leaf rollers and grasshoppers as common insect pests infesting rice crop of which stem borers was reported as most injurious. Most farmers (78.2%) applied chemical insecticides susch as Kung’fu, Karate and Amekan against rice insect pests particularly stem-borers. Only a small proportion (18.5%) of farmers used cultural methods which include burning of crop residues, removal and bury of infested straws, and split application of nitrogen ferliizer in combating stem borer problem. Two stem borer species; Chillo sp and Sesamia calamistis were identified to exist in Kilombero valley with Chillo sp being most abundant (79.24 - 92.05%) compared to S. -
Méthodes Non Chimiques Disponibles Pour Affronter Les Contraintes
Nonchemical methods for rice crop insect pest management in Africa Silvie1, Pierre, Adda2, Cyrille, Togola2, Abou, Nwilene3, Francis, Menozzi4, Philippe 1CIRAD UPR Systèmes de culture annuels, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, [email protected] 2Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2031, Cotonou, Benin, West Africa 3 Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria 4 CIRAD, UPR SCA, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France ; Africa Rice Center, 01 BP 2031, Cotonou, Benin Keywords Pest management, organic rice, Africa Introduction Various rice growing methods are implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. The type of method depends mainly on the irrigation possibilities: rainfed upland and lowland rice, irrigated rice. In the field, amongst the different factors that hamper crop growth and production, insects are often ranked after other constraints associated with water management, low soil fertility, weed infestation (at emergence), nematodes, diseases and birds (at harvest) (AfricaRice, 2011). During storage, Curculionidae species such as Sitophilus oryzae are known to be problematic, but an increase in seed production could also give rise to serious problems associated with lepidopterans such as Sitotroga cerealella (Togola et al., 2010). In Africa, the identity and diversity of rice pests and their natural enemies in Africa are well known at the field level (Brenière, 1982). We conducted a survey to determine what nonchemical methods are currently available for managing rice insect pests in sub-Saharan African rice-producing countries (excluding Madagascar). What has been published about organic rice in Africa? A search in databases, including the Web of Science (online since 1975) and SCOPUS (since 1960), and the OvidSP platform (queries of AGRICOLA/1970, AGRIS/1991, CAB/1973, ECONLIT/1960 and PASCAL/1984), was carried out to highlight bibliographical references concerning organic rice. -
Pesticide Evaluation Report & Safer Use Action Plan
PESTICIDE EVALUATION REPORT & SAFER USE ACTION PLAN (PERSUAP) USAID/SENEGAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES July 2016 This document has been developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. under the GEMS II contract (award number AID-OAA-M-13- 00018) for USAID review. Until and unless this document is approved under the processes established by 22 CFR 216, it may not represent the views of USAID or the United States Government. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY USAID/SENEGAL AGRICULTURAL PORTFOLIO Senegal is one of the countries where the USAID Feed the Future (FtF) program is being implemented. FtF is a Multi-Year Strategy that outlines the five-year strategic plan for the U.S. Government’s global hunger and food security initiative. FtF program activities under USAID/Senegal’s Development Objective (DO) 1, “Increased, Inclusive Economic Growth.” contribute to USAID/Senegal’s goal to increase the agriculture sector’s contribution to economic growth through an inclusive, private sector-led value chain approach. Specifically, USAID/Senegal’s primary FtF goal is to establish formal agriculture production and market systems in three selected value chains: rice, maize and millet. USAID funded nutrition programs in Senegal focus on other crops including cereals, legumes, tubers, green leafy vegetables, vegetables, fruit and also on livestock. PEST MANAGEMENT NEEDS OF USAID/SENEGAL DO1 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Effective pest management is required to achieve intended development outcomes in these USAID/Senegal agricultural activities. Even in the context of USAID’s policy commitment to integrated pest management (IPM), effective pest management often requires the use of products defined as pesticides by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). -
Impact of Insect Pest on Yield of Rice: Case of Varieties Ir 46 and Nerica 3
G.J.B.A.H.S.,Vol.6(2):11-29 (April-June, 2017) ISSN: 2319 – 5584 IMPACT OF INSECT PEST ON YIELD OF RICE: CASE OF VARIETIES IR 46 AND NERICA 3 IN AGROECOSYSTEME OF MAGA FAR NORTH OF CAMEROON SADOU Ismaël1*, WOIN Noé2, DJONWANWE3, MBONGAYA Samy Eware4, & BOUBAKARY NASSOUROU BADAI4 Head of Regional Centre for Research and Innovation in Far North of Cameroon, PO Box 33, Maroua, Cameroon.1 General Manager of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Yaoundé, Cameroon.2 The Higher Teacher Training School of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon.3 The Higher Institute of the Sahel, University of Maroua, Cameroon.4 *Corresponding Author Abstract This present study which is base on the effect of pest insects on the production of rice was done in the Far North Cameroon in the irrigated rice ecosystem of Maga. On one part, it consisted of the determination of the biological diversity of pest insects of rice in the rice ecosystem of Maga, to evaluate the damages and the dynamism of pest insects on the phenologic stage of rice and on the other part and to evaluate the effect of insecticide lynx on the pest insects and the production of rice. A split plot disposition of two rice varieties (irrigated rice variety IR 46 and the rainy season rice variety NERICA 3) and two treatments (control and chemical treatment) were adopted. The insects were captured with the help of a sweep net on every portions on the phenologic stages of rice, from the 15th day after planting to harvesting.