DOCSLIB.ORG

Clios Psyche 6-4 Mar 2000

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clios Psyche 6-4 Mar 2000 Clio’s Psyche Understanding the "Why" of Culture, Current Events, History, and Society Volume 6, Number 4 March, 2000 The Future of Psychohistory Psychohistory's False Start The Partial Success and Bright Rudolph Binion Prospects of Psychohistory Brandeis University Paul H. Elovitz Two premises together define psychohis- Ramapo College and the Psychohistory Forum tory: that human history all reduces to human do- As a historian, I find depictions of the fu- ings and that the reasons for human doings are ture tell me more about the past and their prognos- largely unconscious. Because it was psychoanaly- ticators, than about the future. What lies before us sis that first accessed the unconscious underside of will be built from the raw materials of the past and human doings, psychohistory began as applied psy- assembled in the cauldron of the human imagina- choanalysis. This was a false start. For one thing, tion. Thus, when I saw Star Wars in the 1970s, I it discouraged aspirant psychohistorians from thoroughly enjoyed identifying the historical raw learning the why of historic behavior from the his- materials combined with technology that made up toric record itself and encouraged them instead to the film which soon became a cultural sensation. (Continued on page 138) In publishing the political predictions of talented Twenty-First-Century Psychohistory .................... 153 IN THIS ISSUE David Lee The Future of Psychohistory Empathy, Kohut, and Intellectual History............. 154 Psychohistory's False Start ...................................................133 Vivian Rosenberg Rudolph Binion Resistance and Reconciliation............................... 156 Partial Success and Bright Prospects..................... 133 Howard F. Stein with Responses by Charles Strozier and Paul H. Elovitz Paul H. Elovitz Psychohistory 2000 and Beyond................................ 160 Freud's Understanding of Repression .................... 139 Daniel Dervin Thomas J. Scheff Interdisciplinary Futures........................................ 161 The Civilizing Process........................................... 142 Juhani Ihanus Daniel Klenbort Howard Stein: An Intellectual Odyssey ................ 162 A Psychosocial Approach to Racism..................... 143 Peter W. Petschauer Simon Clarke Holocaust Poems................................................... 172 Fathoming the Weirdness of History.....................144 Howard F. Stein Jerry S. Piven Holocaust Denial in New Zealand......................... 173 A Historiometric Perspective.................................146 Norman Simms Playing God: Roosevelt and Pearl Harbor............. 175 Keeping the Psychohistorical Flame Burning................ 148 George Victor Dreams of Infanticide I: Dancing for Dionysus .... 177 The Electronic Future of Psychohistory ................150 Robert J. Rousselle The Virtual Reality of the Web Landscape ........... 178 Reflections on the Future of Psychohistory .............. 151 Peter W. Petschauer Henry Lawton The Family Origins of Creativity .......................... 181 What Brought Me to Psychohistory ...................... 152 Book Review by Daniel Dervin Anne Dietrich Bulletin Board ....................................................... 183 Page 134 Clio’s Psyche March, 2000 colleagues, I am intrigued at how their own person- Robert Coles, and a variety of other scholars. alities, values, and voting patterns are reflected in Many early studies in the field of psychohistory their educated and often correct guesses. I assume tended to focus on Hitler, the Nazis, and Richard readers will do the same with my prognostications. Nixon. Practitioners such as Bruce Mazlish and You will find that you will learn more about the Robert Waite saw themselves as historians rather history of psychohistory than of its future. than as psychohistorians. The Harvard historian In the last millennium, in 1999 to be spe- William Langer, whose psychiatrist brother Walter cific, we invited colleagues to write about the fu- had done a classified, pioneering intelligence study ture of psychohistory and psychoanalysis in the of Adolf Hitler during World War II, in his 1957 21st century. (The large number of submissions presidential address to the American Historical As- necessitated the postponement of the psychoanaly- sociation referred to applying psychoanalysis to sis articles until the June, 2000, issue.) Potential history as the "Next Assignment." The American authors were invited to discuss the status of psy- Historical Review published some explicitly psy- chohistory in their particular discipline, institution, choanalytic, psychohistorical studies. The pioneer- and country. The issue of whether it is more ap- ing Wellfleet psychohistory group (still in exis- propriate for psychohistory to be a supplement to tence and by invitation only) was established on existing disciplines or a separate discipline was Cape Code. raised. We asked how psychohistory has fulfilled In 1976 the first national conference of its promise since William Langer's "Next Assign- psychohistorians was held at Stockton State Col- ment" presidential address to the American Histori- lege in New Jersey with much debate over the rela- cal Association in 1957, published in 1958. tionship of psychohistory to history, political sci- You will read the impressive and varied ence, psychology, psychoanalysis, psychiatry, soci- responses, some from people I had not known be- ology, and other disciplines. The organized field fore, in the 15 articles below. Academic psycholo- of psychohistory came into existence in the 1970s gist Dean Keith Simonton of the University of with the establishment of a variety of psychohis- California at Davis is a distinguished student of torical organizations in the United States. These creativity who explores his subject from a non- included the Group for the Use of Psychology in psychoanalytic background. Daniel Klenbort and I History (GUPH), the International Psychohistorical have discovered a common interest in the civilizing Association (IPA), the International Society for process. Articles by young scholars such as Anne Political Psychology (ISPP), and the Institute for Dietrich in Canada, David Lee in Europe, and Jerry Psychohistory. Today the GUPH, the IPA, and the Piven in New York were specifically invited be- ISPP have been joined by a variety of other organi- cause they represent the future of our field. My zations including the Bay State Psychohistory introduction will focus mostly on the little-known Group, the Psychohistory Forum, the Group for the history and present state of our field. Psychohistorical Study of Film, the Center for Psy- chohistorical Studies, and the University of Cali- The early practitioners of fledgling psycho- fornia Psychoanalytic Consortium. The ISPP, with history were European psychiatrists and psycho- an annual meeting in North America, Europe, or analysts who were steeped in history. They com- Asia, is quite large and consistently attracts new monly used historical examples, sometimes when leadership. The IPA has yearly, and sometimes they were trying to avoid revealing the identity of a twice-yearly, meetings in New York City, and patient known to others in their circle. Their stud- GUPH meets episodically at the American Histori- ies were usually written in technical psychoana- cal Association's annual meetings in the U.S. (The lytic language and based on theory rather than in- ISPP, the least psychoanalytically based of these depth historical research. Hitler's domination of three groups, has increasingly been embraced by continental Europe led to the dispersal of many of academic political scientists who now predominate these talented individuals to England and the in it in much the way literary scholars dominate the Americas. Association for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and After World War II, depth psychology and Society, founded in the 1990s by a profound concern for psychosocial issues became Lacanians.) The other groups have more frequent, well established in the United States as it built on regional, small-group meetings. some previous work of applied psychoanalysis, Last year's demise of The Psychohistory leading to the important work of Erik Erikson, Review was so distressing that it helped prompt Erich Fromm, Robert J. Lifton, Norman O. Brown, this special issue only a year after our Academia, March, 2000 Clio’s Psyche Page 135 Psychoanalysis, and Psychohistory issue. The Re- Psychohistory Review will not resume publication view was a sound academic journal. Personally, I until the year 2001. had enjoyed my association with its editor, Larry The underlying reasons for the cessation of Shiner, and was planning to submit an article on publication by The Psychohistory Review remain the origins and early usage of the words psychohis- unclear to me. Certainly, Larry Shiner's pending tory, psychohistorian, and psychohistorical. More retirement from academia is a vital part of the pic- importantly, more than 130 libraries were subscrib- ture. Several fine scholars are reported to have ing to it, which meant that the publication would volunteered to take over the editorship and have reach far more readers and ensure that it would be solicited the financial support of their colleges. I preserved as a record of a part of psychohistorical know my gut reaction was to offer my services as scholarship. an interim editor and at least one other colleague There is hope that the Review may be re- expressed the same thought. It was reported
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cross-Cultural Aspects of Creativity: a Relation with Self-Actualization and Schizotypy
    Cross-cultural aspects of creativity: A relation with self-actualization and schizotypy Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Psychologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät II der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Dipl. Psych. Anastasiia Ilinykh Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät II Prof. Dr. Elmar Kulke Gutachterinnen/Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Elke van der Meer 2. PD Dr. Steffen Landgraf 3. Prof. Dr. Olga M. Razumnikova Tag der Einreichung: 28.03.2014 Tag der Verteidigung: 15.08.2014 Table of contents 2 Table of Contents SUMMARY IN ENGLISH (ABSTRACT) ....................................................................................... 5 SUMMARY IN GERMAN (ZUSAMMENFASSUNG) ....................................................................... 7 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 10 1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW ON CREATIVITY RESEARCH ...................................................... 10 1.1.1 Defining creativity ................................................................................................ 10 1.1.2 The ‘creative personality’ .................................................................................... 12 1.2 CREATIVITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ...................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Defining schizotypy .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Intellectualimpact
    Studying Creative Genius An Overview of Historiometric Methods Outline • Definition • History • Applications • Conclusion Definition • “Historiometry is a scientific discipline in which nomothetic hypotheses about human behavior are tested by applying quantitative analyses to data concerning historical individuals” (Simonton, 1990, p. 3) • Historical individuals = eminent creators and leaders (aka “geniuses”) • Data = biography and history (“names, dates, and places”) • Quantitative = both measurement and statistical analyses (or math models) • Nomothetic hypotheses: e.g., the “laws of history” • N.B.: Historiometry ≠ psychohistory, psychobiography, nor even cliometrics History • First historiometric study: Quételet (1835) on the age-creativity relation • First definition: “historiometry” or “historiometrics” • “A new name for a new science” (Woods, 1909): term modeled after “biometry” • “Historiometry as an exact science” (Woods, 1911): designed to study the “psychology of genius” and the “causes underlying the rise and fall of nations” (p. 568) • First historiometric classic: Cox (1926) on the intelligence-eminence relation • Own historiometric research: 1974ff (albeit major technological changes) Applications • Products • Masterworks • Persons • Geniuses • Periods and Places • Golden Ages Products • Analytical units • Sampling strategies • Quantitative measures • Measurement quality • Specific illustration Products • Analytical units • Music: themes/melodies; songs; symphonies; operas • Art: sketches; paintings; architecture; films
    [Show full text]
  • The Psychology of Creativity
    History of Creativity Research 1 The Psychology of Creativity: A Historical Perspective Dean Keith Simonton, PhD Professor of Psychology University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616-8686 USA Presented at the Green College Lecture Series on The Nature of Creativity: History Biology, and Socio-Cultural Dimensions, University of British Columbia, 2001. Originally planned to be a chapter in an edited volume by the same name, but those plans were usurped by the events following the 9/11 terrorist attack, which occurred the day immediately after. History of Creativity Research 2 The Psychology of Creativity: A Historical Perspective Psychologists usually define creativity as the capacity to produce ideas that are both original and adaptive. In other words, the ideas must be both new and workable or functional. Thus, creativity enables a person to adjust to novel circumstances and to solve problems that unexpectedly arise. Obviously, such a capacity is often very valuable in everyday life. Yet creativity can also result in major contributions to human civilization. Examples include Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel, Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony, Tolstoy’s War and Peace, and Darwin’s Origin of Species. One might conclude from these observations that creativity has always been one of the central topics in the field. But that is not the case. Although psychology became a formal discipline in the last few decades of the 19th century, it took several generations before the creativity attracted the attention it deserves. This neglect was even indicated in the 1950 Presidential Address that J. P. Guilford delivered before the American Psychological Association. Nevertheless, in the following half century the field could claim two professional journals – the Journal of Creative Behavior and the Creativity Research Journal – several handbooks (e.g., Sternberg, 1999), and even a two-volume Handbook of Creativity (Runco & Pritzker, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Overview of Creativity with Implications for Education
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1986 An historical overview of creativity with implications for education Antoinette S. Ellis Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Education Commons, and the Intellectual History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ellis, Antoinette S., "An historical overview of creativity with implications for education" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3592. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5476 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Antoinette S. Ellis for the Master of Arts in Education presented May 14, 1986 Title: An Historical Overview of Creativity with Implications for Education Dr. v~r-Guy This thesis traced the development of the concept of creativity from the earliest works in the intellectual history of Western civili- zation to the late twentieth century. This historical perspective on the concept of creativity served as a backdrop to current views of the concept and as a reference source for recurrent views of the concept and as a reference source for recurrent and essential themes in the progressing debates concerning this issue. The study proceeded from the evidence of Homeric and early philosophical work concerning the lively and real presence in the thinking of the times of experiences of "breakthrough" creative thought and production.
    [Show full text]
  • Simonton Nomination Letter for the 2013 APF Joseph B. Gittler Award
    Simonton Nomination Letter for the 2013 APF Joseph B. Gittler Award Dean Keith Simonton’s distinctive research program has been emphatically multidisciplinary from the onset of his career: By applying econometric methods to the history of Western civilization from the ancient Greeks to the 20th century, his highly ambitious 1974 doctoral dissertation investigated the cultural and political factors underlying creativity, discovery, and invention in science, philosophy, religion, literature, music, and the visual arts. Since then, he has less ambitiously focused on specific creative domains—including both philosophy and psychology—or else has examined other civilizations, especially China and Japan. Nonetheless, at the beginning, the research was primarily empirical: His goal was to discover how the phenomena of genius, creativity, and leadership were manifested at individual and sociocultural levels. The only genuine philosophical side to these early endeavors was his attempts to connect historiometric research with philosophies of history and of aesthetics, efforts manifested in his 1990 book Psychology, Science, and History: An Introduction to Historiometry. Over the years, Simonton has treated such issues as the Hegelian dialectic operating in intellectual history, the Marxist conception of creativity reflecting material conditions, the Hempelian covering law concept applied to explanations in psychology’s history, Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions, Carlyle’s “Great Person” theory of history, Tolstoy’s sociocultural determinist or “Zeitgeist” theory of leadership, Kant’s definition of genius in the fine arts, and Susanne Langer’s distinction between discursive and presentational symbols. In the early 1980s, however, Simonton became interested in working out the implications of the BVSR theory that Donald T.
    [Show full text]
  • “Segregation Or Sterilization”: Eugenics in the 1912 Vermont State Legislative Session
    “Segregation or Sterilization”: Eugenics in the 1912 Vermont State Legislative Session In his farewell address to the Vermont legislature in 1912, Governor John A. Mead endorsed for the first time a eugenical policy to address a longstanding fear of an increase in “degeneracy” in the state. Under the new theory of eugenics, socioeconomic status, physical and mental ability, and mental health officially became a question of heredity. By Mercedes de Guardiola n October 3, 1912, Vermont Governor John A. Mead (1910– 1912) addressed the Vermont Legislature in his farewell speech. Mead advocated that one subject in particular war- ranted additional attention: “Our Degenerates,” which, according to him, had “never received special attention by the legislature of our state.”1 The governor’s call for a eugenical solution to the problem of “Our Degenerates” marked a defining moment for the eugenics move- ment in Vermont. It was the first time a state official had publicly pro- posed eugenics as an answer to a growing number of perceived social . Mercedes de Guardiola is an independent researcher. She received her B.A. in History and Art History from Dartmouth College, where she wrote her thesis on the history of eugenics in Vermont. Vermont History Vol. 87, No. 1 (Winter/Spring 2019): 59-86. © 2019 by the Vermont Historical Society. ISSN: 0042-4161; on-line ISSN: 1544-3043 60 . crises in the state. Although it drew on the growing international move- ment, it also built upon local institutional forays into the question of the role of heredity in social issues. The promotion of eugenics led the state toward a path of punitive social welfare during a period when the state government struggled to address a growing number of problems brought on by social upheaval and industrialization.
    [Show full text]
  • P220 Lecture Outlines
    Chapter 2. History and Science The second introductory chapter defines the different means by which psychology’s history might be understood. Special emphasis is placed on the following alternative perspectives: genius versus zeitgeist as causal agents; internal versus external influences; presentist versus historicist narratives; idiographic versus nomothetic analyses; quality versus quantity in phenomena; deterministic versus stochastic descriptions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how the psychology of science, and especially the psychology of psychological science, can provide scientific insights into the figures who have contributed most to psychology’s development. UNDERSTANDING HISTORY – 5 core issues: Genius versus Zeitgeist as Causal Agents Carlyle and Galton versus Tolstoy and Boring e.g. eponyms 1. Schools – Aristotelian, Cartesian, Comptian, Hegelian, Kantian, Machian, Marxist, Platonist, Thomist, Watsonian; 2. Therapeutics – Adlerian, Bernheim’s, Freudian, Jungian, Pinel’s system, Rankian, Reichian, Rogerian; 3. Theories – Cannon-Bard, Darwinian, Hebb’s, Heider’s, Hering’s, James-Lange, Ladd-Franklin, Lamarckian, Malthusian, Thurstone’s, Young-Helmholtz; 4. Laws – Bell-Magendie, Donder’s, Emmert’s, Fechner’s, Galton’s, Heinis, Mendel’s, Müller-Schumann, Ribot’s, Steven’s, Weber, Yerkes-Dodson, Zipf’s; 5. Syndromes –Brown-Séquard, Down’s, Klinefelter’s, Korsakoff’s, Selye’s, Tourette; Diseases – Alzheimer’s, Charcot’s, Daltonism, Janet’s, Parkinson’s; 6. Symptoms – Broca’s aphasia, Charcot’s triad, Wernicke’s agnosia; 7. Neuroanatomy – Bekherev nucleus, Bell’s circle of nerves, Golgi apparatus, Purkinje cell; 8. Phenomena –Aubert, Féré, Köhler-Restorff; Effects – Brewster, Broadbent, Brücke, Garcia, Gibson, Greenspoon, Rosenthal, Stroop, Zeigarnik; 9. Illusions – Aristotle’s, Ebbinghaus, Hering, Jastrow, Müller-Lyer, Ponzo, Wundt; Figures – Ebbinghaus, Lissajou’s, Purkinje, Rubin’s; Reflexes – Babinski, Darwinian, Moro; 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Historiometrics of Creativity: a Philosophical Critique
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 451 235 TM 032 463 AUTHOR Bastick, Tony TITLE Historiometrics of Creativity: A Philosophical Critique. PUB DATE 1999-05-00 NOTE 18p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Psychological Association (79th, Irvine, CA, April 29-May 2, 1999) . PUB TYPE Opinion Papers (120) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Creativity; *Data Collection; *History; *Research Methodology; *Social Science Research IDENTIFIERS Positivism ABSTRACT This paper takes as its data the assumptions, processes of deduction, and data types used in leading publications of historiometric studies of creativity. The paper uses this data to question the philosophical assumptions of the historiometrics of creativity from within its own positivist paradigm and to argue that its conclusions are substantially affirmations of knowledge from other sources. Historiometrics takes the occurrences of eminence as its data and looks at what else was happening at that time and place to explain these occurrences. In practice, historiometricians assess eminence by the amount of space allotted to a person in dictionaries, encyclopedias, and "Who's Whos." The differences between the historiometrics and sociometrics of creativity are noted. The paper asserts that historiometrics is a dubious branch of psychology in that its conclusions are mainly derived from nonhistoriometric psychological findings. Evidence is cited to argue that the statistical results of historiometricians and their processes of interpretation are questionable because of extensive philosophical and methodological weaknesses, some of which are outlined in this paper. (Contains 45 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • 4-Gfibhg! an Informa Business  Knowledge
    Steve Fuller KNOWLEDGE Knowledge The Philosophical Quest in History Steve Fuller Downloaded by [The University of Warwick] at 10:04 05 April 2016 ISBN 978-1-8446-5817-6 ,!7IB8E4-gfibhg! www.routledge.com an informa business Knowledge The theory of knowledge, or epistemology, is often regarded as a dry topic that bears little relation to actual knowledge practices. This book aims to correct this by showing the roots, developments and prospects of modern epistemology from its beginnings in the nineteenth century to the present day. Contemporary epistemology is shown to draw on the insights of a wide range of disciplines. Philosophy has always been concerned with how we balance aspiration, belief, experience and knowledge. Science has come to represent a very highly pri- vileged knowledge, whilst recent insights from psychology and sociology have questioned how knowledge is acquired and structured. Meanwhile, theology has shaped the quest for knowledge in ways which have only relatively recently become separate from more secular knowledge systems. The book offers readers a very broad, cross-disciplinary, and historically-informed assessment of the ways in which humanity has, and continues to, pursue, question, contest, expand and shape knowledge. Steve Fuller is Auguste Comte Professor of Social Epistemology at the University of Warwick. He is the author of twenty books, including The Knowledge Book and Science. Downloaded by [The University of Warwick] at 10:04 05 April 2016 Page Intentionally Left Blank Downloaded by [The University of
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    JWST440-c01 JWST440-Simonton Printer: March 11, 2014 13:32 Trim: 244mm × 170mm Part I Perspectives COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL JWST440-c01 JWST440-Simonton Printer: March 11, 2014 13:32 Trim: 244mm × 170mm JWST440-c01 JWST440-Simonton Printer: March 11, 2014 13:32 Trim: 244mm × 170mm 1 The Genius in History Historiographic Explorations Laura C. Ball The History of the world is but the Biography of great men. (Carlyle, 1841, p. 34) Geniuses throughout history have fascinated academic and pop-culture authors alike. We consume autobiographies, biographies, films, histories, and academic theories of the outliers, the heroes, the Great Men, the geniuses. They are historical celebrities. We are captivated by them, their lives, and their work, but also their stories provide readers with a source of affiliation and inspiration. Yet, despite the attention givento their seemingly inevitable greatness, these celebratory histories tell us little about why they are considered to be great. In this chapter, I explore the kinds of geniuses who have captured our attention over time, the ways in which they have been depicted, and the methods used to tell their stories. First, I outline who have been labeled as geniuses, and how these “great men” have been identified. As most historiography of genius flows from Thomas Carlyle’s (1841) classic text On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History,his distinction between “heroes” and “geniuses” will be discussed specifically. Particular attention will also be paid to how psychologists entered the dialogue and their contributions to the narrative. Next, I review the different historiographic and psy- chological methods employed to study the life stories and achievements of identified geniuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Historical Data
    5 Dec 2002 16:6 AR AR178-PS54-23.tex AR178-PS54-23.SGM LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: FHD 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145034 Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2003. 54:617–40 doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145034 Copyright c 2003 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on August 6, 2002 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF HISTORICAL DATA Dean Keith Simonton Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8686; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words historiometry, psychobiography, psychohistory, history ■ Abstract Although the typical study in psychology involves the quantitative anal- ysis of contemporary research participants, occasionally psychologists will study his- torical persons or events. Moreover, these historical data may be analyzed using either qualitative or quantitative techniques. After giving examples from the subdisciplines of cognitive, developmental, differential, abnormal, and social psychology, the distinc- tive methodological features of this approach are outlined. These include both data collection (sampling, unit definition, etc.) and data analysis (both qualitative and quan- titative). The discussion then turns to the advantages and disadvantages of this research method. The article closes by presenting the reasons why (a) psychologists will proba- bly continue to use historical data and (b) quantitative analyses may eventually replace qualitative analyses in such applications. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .....................................................618
    [Show full text]
  • Galton Bibliometrically Revisited
    Galton 2011 revisited: a bibliometric journey in the footprints of a universal genius Juan Gorraiz*, Christian Gumpenberger and Martin Wieland University of Vienna, Vienna University Library, Bibliometrics Department, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, (Austria) *Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel: +43-1-4277-27609, Fax: +43-1-4277-27650 Abstract Commemorating the 100th death anniversary of Francis Galton, this paper is a bibliometric impact analysis of the works of this outstanding scientist and predecessor of scientometrics. Citation analysis was done in Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar (Publish or Perish) in order to retrieve the most cited books and journal articles. Additionally references were identified where Galton was rather mentioned than cited in order to analyze the phenomenon of obliteration by incorporation. Finally occurrence counts of Galton‟s works in obituaries, Festschrift, the website Galton.org, major encyclopaedias and biographical indexes were compared to citation counts. As an outcome Galton‟s works are increasingly cited or mentioned. Obliteration (use of eponyms) applies to one third of Galton‟s works and seems to be typical for fields like mathematics or statistics, whereas citations are more common in psychology. The most cited books and journal articles are also the most mentioned with remarkable correlation. Overall citation analysis and occurrence counting are complementary useful methods for the impact analysis of the works of “giants”. Keywords Francis Galton, citation analysis, web of science, scopus, google scholar, obliteration, occurrence counts, historiometry, history of science Background Our passion for Francis Galton goes back to the reading of De Solla Price‟s book „Little science, big science“, a book that crystallized a new element in the historiography and sociology of science (De Solla Price, 1963).
    [Show full text]