Board of Scientific Advisors Meeting Minutes of June 23-24, 2008
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1 the Forgotten Viruses Before There Was HIV There Was HTLV, The
The Forgotten Viruses Before there was HIV there was HTLV, the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus. In 1983, Robert Gallo and Luc Montagneir independently discovered the viral agent responsible for AIDS and called the newly discovered virus HTLV-3 and LAV, respectively. The name was eventually changed to HIV—Human Immunodeficiency Virus—but Gallo’s initial use of the HTLV-3 tag is a reminder that two other HTLVs were known at the time. Three years earlier, Gallo had isolated the first human retrovirus from patients with T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. This was HTLV-1. A year later, a second cancer-causing retrovirus (HTLV-2) was found. The wealth of nations and a generation of scientists were directed at uncovering the mysteries of HIV’s origins, genetics, epidemiology, and disease-causing properties. Thirty years later, many of those mysteries have been solved even as lingering questions have attracted the attention of a new generation of scientists and physicians. AIDS and HIV have cast a long, dark shadow over science and societies; still hidden in that 30-year-old shadow are the HTLVs. They may have been forgotten by the public and many researchers, but these cancer-causing viruses did not disappear. It is likely they have infected 20 million people worldwide and, in the absence of effective drugs and preventive vaccines, they continue to spread, causing significant sickness and death. HTLV-1 causes two awful diseases: Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Though many HTLV-1 patients are carriers only and show no symptoms, they remain capable of transmitting the virus to others through blood donations, sex, and breastfeeding. -
And Should Not, Change Toxic Tort Causation Doctrine
THE MORE WE KNOW, THE LESS INTELLIGENT WE ARE? - HOW GENOMIC INFORMATION SHOULD, AND SHOULD NOT, CHANGE TOXIC TORT CAUSATION DOCTRINE Steve C. Gold* Advances in genomic science are rapidly increasing our understanding of dis- ease and toxicity at the most fundamental biological level. Some say this heralds a new era of certainty in linking toxic substances to human illness in the courtroom. Others are skeptical. In this Article I argue that the new sciences of molecular epidemiology and toxicogenomics will evince both remarkable explanatory power and intractable complexity. Therefore, even when these sciences are brought to bear, toxic tort claims will continue to present their familiar jurisprudential problems. Nevertheless, as genomic information is used in toxic tort cases, the sci- entific developments will offer courts an opportunity to correct mistakes of the past. Courts will miss those opportunities, however, if they simply transfer attitudesfrom classical epidemiology and toxicology to molecular and genomic knowledge. Using the possible link between trichloroethyleneand a type of kidney cancer as an exam- ple, I describe several causation issues where courts can, if they choose, improve doctrine by properly understanding and utilizing genomic information. L Introduction ............................................... 370 II. Causation in Toxic Torts Before Genomics ................... 371 A. The Problem .......................................... 371 B. Classical Sources of Causation Evidence ................ 372 C. The Courts Embrace Epidemiology - Perhaps Too Tightly ................................................ 374 D. Evidence Meets Substance: Keepers of the Gate ......... 379 E. The Opposing Tendency ................................ 382 III. Genomics, Toxicogenomics, and Molecular Epidemiology: The M ore We Know ........................................ 383 A. Genetic Variability and "Background" Risk .............. 384 B. Genetic Variability and Exposure Risk ................... 389 C. -
Dean, School of Science
Dean, School of Science School of Science faculty members seek to answer fundamental questions about nature ranging in scope from the microscopic—where a neuroscientist might isolate the electrical activity of a single neuron—to the telescopic—where an astrophysicist might scan hundreds of thousands of stars to find Earth-like planets in their orbits. Their research will bring us a better understanding of the nature of our universe, and will help us address major challenges to improving and sustaining our quality of life, such as developing viable resources of renewable energy or unravelling the complex mechanics of Alzheimer’s and other diseases of the aging brain. These profound and important questions often require collaborations across departments or schools. At the School of Science, such boundaries do not prevent people from working together; our faculty cross such boundaries as easily as they walk across the invisible boundary between one building and another in our campus’s interconnected buildings. Collaborations across School and department lines are facilitated by affiliations with MIT’s numerous laboratories, centers, and institutes, such as the Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, as well as through participation in interdisciplinary initiatives, such as the Aging Brain Initiative or the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Our faculty’s commitment to teaching and mentorship, like their research, is not constrained by lines between schools or departments. School of Science faculty teach General Institute Requirement subjects in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics that provide the conceptual foundation of every undergraduate student’s education at MIT. The School faculty solidify cross-disciplinary connections through participation in graduate programs established in collaboration with School of Engineering, such as the programs in biophysics, microbiology, or molecular and cellular neuroscience. -
2004 Albert Lasker Nomination Form
albert and mary lasker foundation 110 East 42nd Street Suite 1300 New York, ny 10017 November 3, 2003 tel 212 286-0222 fax 212 286-0924 Greetings: www.laskerfoundation.org james w. fordyce On behalf of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, I invite you to submit a nomination Chairman neen hunt, ed.d. for the 2004 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards. President mrs. anne b. fordyce The Awards will be offered in three categories: Basic Medical Research, Clinical Medical Vice President Research, and Special Achievement in Medical Science. This is the 59th year of these christopher w. brody Treasurer awards. Since the program was first established in 1944, 68 Lasker Laureates have later w. michael brown Secretary won Nobel Prizes. Additional information on previous Lasker Laureates can be found jordan u. gutterman, m.d. online at our web site http://www.laskerfoundation.org. Representative Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards Program Nominations that have been made in previous years may be updated and resubmitted in purnell w. choppin, m.d. accordance with the instructions on page 2 of this nomination booklet. daniel e. koshland, jr., ph.d. mrs. william mccormick blair, jr. the honorable mark o. hatfied Nominations should be received by the Foundation no later than February 2, 2004. Directors Emeritus A distinguished panel of jurors will select the scientists to be honored. The 2004 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards will be presented at a luncheon ceremony given by the Foundation in New York City on Friday, October 1, 2004. Sincerely, Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. Chairman, Awards Jury Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards ALBERT LASKER MEDICAL2004 RESEARCH AWARDS PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE AWARDS The major purpose of these Awards is to recognize and honor individuals who have made signifi- cant contributions in basic or clinical research in diseases that are the main cause of death and disability. -
Precision Medicine Initiative: Building a Large US Research Cohort
Precision Medicine Initiative: Building a Large U.S. Research Cohort February 11-12, 2015 PARTICIPANT LIST Goncalo Abecasis, D. Phil. Philip Bourne, Ph.D. Professor of Biostatistics Associate Director for Data Science University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Christopher Austin, M.D. Director Murray Brilliant, Ph.D. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Director National Institutes of Health Center for Human Genetics Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation Vikram Bajaj, Ph.D. Chief Scientist Greg Burke, M.D., M.Sc. Google Life Sciences Professor and Director Wake Forest School of Medicine Dixie Baker, Ph.D. Wake Forest University Senior Partner Martin, Blanck and Associates Antonia Calafat, Ph.D. Chief Dana Boyd Barr, Ph.D. Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch Professor, Exposure Science and Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Robert Califf, M.D. Vice Chancellor for Clinical and Translational Research Jonathan Bingham, M.B.A. Duke University Medical Center Product Manager, Genomics Google, Inc. Rex Chisholm, Ph.D. Adam and Richard T. Lind Professor of Medical Eric Boerwinkle, Ph.D. Genetics Professor and Chair Vice Dean for Scientific Affairs and Graduate Studies Human Genetics Center Associate Vice President for Research University of Texas Health Science Center Northwestern University Associate Director Human Genome Sequencing Center Rick Cnossen, M.S. Baylor College of Medicine Director Global Healthcare Solutions Erwin Bottinger, M.D. HIMSS Board of Directors Professor PCHA/Continua Health Alliance Board of Directors The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Intel Corporation Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai - 1 - Francis Collins, M.D., Ph.D. -
Count Down: Six Kids Vie for Glory at the World's Toughest Math
Count Down Six Kids Vie for Glory | at the World's TOUGHEST MATH COMPETITION STEVE OLSON author of MAPPING HUMAN HISTORY, National Book Award finalist $Z4- 00 ACH SUMMER SIX MATH WHIZZES selected from nearly a half million EAmerican teens compete against the world's best problem solvers at the Interna• tional Mathematical Olympiad. Steve Olson, whose Mapping Human History was a Na• tional Book Award finalist, follows the members of a U.S. team from their intense tryouts to the Olympiad's nail-biting final rounds to discover not only what drives these extraordinary kids but what makes them both unique and typical. In the process he provides fascinating insights into the creative process, human intelligence and learning, and the nature of genius. Brilliant, but defying all the math-nerd stereotypes, these athletes of the mind want to excel at whatever piques their cu• riosity, and they are curious about almost everything — music, games, politics, sports, literature. One team member is ardent about water polo and creative writing. An• other plays four musical instruments. For fun and entertainment during breaks, the Olympians invent games of mind-boggling difficulty. Though driven by the glory of winning this ultimate math contest, in many ways these kids are not so different from other teenagers, finding pure joy in indulging their personal passions. Beyond the Olympiad, Steve Olson sheds light on such questions as why Americans feel so queasy about math, why so few girls compete in the subject, and whether or not talent is innate. Inside the cavernous gym where the competition takes place, Count Down reveals a fascinating subculture and its engaging, driven inhabitants. -
A Review of J. Craig Venter's a Life Decoded
A peer-reviewed electronic journal published by the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies ISSN 1541-0099 17(1) – March 2008 A review of J. Craig Venter’s A Life Decoded Randy Mayes, Duke University Journal of Evolution and Technology - Vol. 17 Issue 1 – March 2008 - pgs 71-72 http://jetpress.org/v17/mayes.htm In the early 1980s, a number of researchers suggested sequencing and mapping the human genome to help the science community better understand diseases and evolution. Following the announcement that the human genome had been sequenced, scientists wrote in peer-reviewed journals that we are not as hardwired as was once believed, and that the sequencing of the genome was just the beginning. Today, researchers have a new set of goals. In popular journalism, however, the science was lost in the shuffle. The media focused more on the dynamics of the conflicting philosophies of the private and public projects. This emphasis is also clear in the titles of several books chronicling the Human Genome Project, all appearing prior to the recent release of Craig Venter’s autobiography, A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life (2007). Readers will find that Robert Cook-Deegan’s The Gene Wars (1995) and The Common Thread by Sir John Sulston and Georgina Ferry (2002), both written by insiders, are biased towards the philosophy of the public project, a commons approach. Sulston is a socialist who grows runner beans and drives a second hand car. By contrast, Venter travels in Lear jets and conducts business from his yacht. Three other books are more objective. -
Award Recipients Award Consists of a Plaque and a Cash Stipend
SOT HONOR AND AWARD DESCRIPTIONS AND HISTORY In recognition of distinguished toxicologists and students, Nominations for many awards must be submitted by a sponsor SOT presents Honorary Membership and Awards each year. and a seconder who are Full members of SOT using the online In addition to receiving a plaque, recipients are honored Award Nomination form. The supporting documentation at a special Awards Ceremony at the SOT Annual Meeting must indicate the candidate’s achievements in toxicology and and their names are listed in SOT publications. The deadline is critical in the review of each application. See the award for 2013 Honorary Membership and Award nominations is description for the additional requirements and details. There October 9, 2012. are specific applications for Fellowships and Graduate Student Travel Support. SOT Council reviews nominations for Honorary Membership and the Awards Committee reviews applications for SOT Other graduate student and postdoctoral fellow awards are Awards and most Sponsored Awards. Awards Committee available through Regional Chapters, Special Interest Groups, members are not eligible to receive any awards conferred by and Specialty Sections (many of these awards are funded the Committee while serving on the Committee and for one through the various Named Endowment Funds). A student or subsequent year. postdoctoral scholar may apply for any award for which he or she is eligible and may apply for and receive multiple awards, The Best Paper Awards in Toxicological Sciences are reviewed whether SOT, Regional Chapters, Special Interest Groups, or by the Board of Publications. The Education Committee selects Specialty Sections administrators the awards. Policies related the recipients of the Pfizer Undergraduate Travel Award and to travel support are determined by the sponsor (SOT, the Committee on Diversity Initiatives selects the recipients Regional Chapter, Special Interest Group, or Specialty Section). -
Interview with Melvin I. Simon
MELVIN I. SIMON (b. 1937) INTERVIEWED BY SHIRLEY K. COHEN May 24 and June 5, 2005 Melvin I. Simon ARCHIVES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California Subject area Biology Abstract Interview in two sessions, May 24 and June 5, 2005, with Melvin I. Simon, Anne P. and Benjamin F. Biaggini Professor of Biological Sciences, emeritus, in the Division of Biology. Dr. Simon received his BS from City College of New York in 1959 and his PhD in biochemistry from Brandeis in 1963. After receiving his degree, he was a postdoctoral fellow with Arthur Pardee at Princeton for a year and a half and then joined the faculty of the University of California at San Diego. In 1978, Dr. Simon and his UCSD colleague John Abelson established the Agouron Institute in San Diego, focusing on problems in molecular biology. He (along with Abelson) joined the faculty of Caltech as a full professor in 1982, and he served as chair of the Biology Division from 1995 to 2000. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechOH:OH_Simon_M In this interview, he discusses his education in Manhattan’s Yeshiva High School (where science courses were taught by teachers from the Bronx High School of Science), at CCNY, and as a Brandeis graduate student working working with Helen Van Vunakis on bacteriophage. Recalls his unsatisfactory postdoc experience at Princeton and his delight at arriving at UC San Diego, where molecular biology was just getting started. Discusses his work on bacterial organelles; recalls his and Abelson’s vain efforts to get UCSD to back a full-scale initiative in molecular biology and their subsequent founding of their own institute. -
Boston, Cambridge Are Ground Zero for Life Sciences
OPINION | JUAN ENRIQUEZ Boston, Cambridge are ground zero for life sciences BOYDEN PHOTO BY DOMINICK REUTER; LINDQUIST BY JOHN SOARES/WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE; GLOBE STAFF PHOTOS Top row: Robert Langer, Jack Szostak, and George Church. Bottom: Susan Lindquist and Edward S. Boyden. MARCH 16, 2015 BOSTONCAMBRIDGE is ground zero for the development and deployment of many of the bleeding edge life science discoveries and technologies. One corner alone, Vassar and Main Street in Cambridge, will likely generate 1 to 2 percent of the future world GDP. On a per capitSah baraesis, nowhere else coTmweese tclose in terms o3f Creomsemaerncths grants, patents, and publications that drive new gene code, which in turn alters the evolution of bacteria, plants, animals, and ourselves. CONTINUE READING BELOW ▼ At MIT, Bob Langer is generating the equivalent of a small country’s economy out of a single lab; his more than 1,080 patents have helped launch or enabled more than 300 pharma, chemical, biotech, and medical device companies. At Harvard, George Whitesides’ 12 companies have generated a market capitalization of over $20 billion. Harvard Med’s resident geniusenfant terrible, George Church, is the brains behind dozens and dozens of successful startups. (All this of course in addition to these folks being at the very top of their academic fields). In terms of the most basic questions about life itself, Ting Wu takes billions of lines of gene code across all organisms and meticulously compares each and every gene, looking for highly conserved gene code. She is narrowing in on exactly what DNA sequences are essential to all life forms, from bacteria through plants, animals, and even politicians. -
Moving Higher and Higher: Creating Building Blocks for the Future
university of maryland school of medicine Moving Higher and Higher: Creating Building Blocks for the Future 2008 state of the OUR MISSION school address the university of maryland school of medicine is dedicated to providing excellence in biomedical education, basic and clinical research, quality patient care and service to improve the health of the citizens of maryland and beyond. the school is committed to the education and training of md, md/phd, graduate, physical therapy and rehabilitation science, and medical research technology students. we will recruit and develop faculty to serve as exemplary role models for our students. University of Maryland School of Medicine 655 West Baltimore Street • Baltimore, Maryland 21201 • http://medschool.umaryland.edu E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA Vice President for Medical Affairs, University of Maryland John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, University of Maryland School of Medicine 2008 STATE OF THE SCHOOL ADDRESS The theme of this year’s address is These building blocks are interde- “Moving Higher and Higher: Creating pendent and when placed at the right Building Blocks for the Future.” place at the right time, they will build our Building blocks are a collection of tower even higher. We believe that this components designed to elevate and analogy can be aptly applied to the School typically build a structure, and they are of Medicine, where our efforts, our goals, used here to represent various aspects our partnerships, our determination, of the School of Medicine’s mission and our relentless pursuit of excellence are indeed interdependent, and when areas. As the building blocks of our harnessed properly, will propel this mission areas are assembled, they are medical school to even greater heights. -
DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop III
ORNL/M-2588 uman enome Program U.S. Department of Energy Contractor-Grantee Workshop III February 7-10, 1993 Santa Fe, New Mexico Date Published: January 1993 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Research Office of Health and Environmental Research Washington, D.C. 20585 under budget and reporting code KP 0404000 Prepared by Human Genome Management Information System Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6050 Managed by MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY UNDER CONTRACT DE-AC05-840R21400 ., Contents Workshop Agenda v-vii Poster Presentation Times viii Introduction To The Santa Fe Workshop ix Abstracts* U.S. Department of Energy Laboratories Human Genome Centers LANL-Los Alamos National Laboratory (1-20) LBL-Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (21-48) LLNL-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (49-75) Ames Research Center (76) ANL-Argonne National Laboratory (77-80) BNL-Brookhaven National Laboratory (81) LANL-Los Alamos National Laboratory (82-90) LBL-Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (91-96) ORNL-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (97-109) PNL-Pacific Northwest Laboratory (110-111) Other Institutions (112-198) Appendices A. Subject Index 199 B. Author Index 200 C. Anticipated Workshop Attendees 207 'Each section alphabetized by first author. iii Workshop Agenda DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee Workshop ill Santa Fe, NM February 7-10, 1993 Plenary sessions are in the Eldorado, poster sessions are in the Hilton. Each speaker and demonstration in the plenary sessions will have an abstract number, and thus a poster, associated with the talk. Schedule correct as of January 15, 1993.