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Rawfill Landfill Miner Guide LANDFILL MINER GUIDE Copyright © 2021 RAWFILL Project partners, All rights reserved. Authors: Pascal Beese-Vasbender (BAV) David Caterina (University of Liège) Martje Ceulemans (VITO) Jonathan Chambers (British Geological Survey) Ben Dashwood (British Geological Survey) Renaud De Rijdt (ATRASOL) Stefanie De Smet (VITO) Alain Ducheyne (VITO) Cornelia Inauen (British Geological Survey) Itzel Isunza Manrique (University of Liège) Laura Lamair (SPAQuE) Simon Loisel (SAS Les Champs Jouault) Sébastien Moreaux (ATRASOL) Claudia Neculau (SPAQuE) Frédéric Nguyen (University of Liège) Marta Popova (SPAQuE) Michaël Van Raemdonck (OVAM) Gaëtan Vivien (SAS Les Champs Jouault) Arnaud Watlet (British Geological Survey) Eddy Wille (OVAM) This guide is the result of teamwork among the RAWFILL project partners. In detail, they respectively took responsibility for the following chapters: OVAM (Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 7), University of Liège and British Geological Survey (Chapter 4), ATRASOL (Chapters 5, 6, 8 & 9), SPAQuE (Chapters 9, 10 & 13) and VITO (Chapter 11). Table of contents 1 Rationale of RAWFILL project .......................................................................... 15 Introduction ........................................................................................... 15 Basic principles of the linear economy ........................................................ 15 Resources and reserves ........................................................................... 16 Scarcity, depletion and availability of resources: critical raw materials ........... 16 EU Flagship on resource efficiency ............................................................. 18 Geogenic and anthropogenic resources ...................................................... 19 Landfills and landfilling in a circular economy: ELFM as an innovative concept . 20 Dynamic Landfill Management as an innovative concept ............................... 21 References ............................................................................................. 22 2 Recall of the concept of Enhanced landfill mining, conceptual site model ............... 24 Introduction ........................................................................................... 24 The use of conceptual site models in traditional soil remediation projects ....... 24 Alternative models and flow schemes: The Doughnut-model ......................... 27 Challenges and goals: climate change, soil sealing, water scarcity, Sustainable Development Goals ........................................................................................... 28 References ............................................................................................. 30 3 Legal framework and perspectives ................................................................... 31 Introduction ........................................................................................... 31 EU-legislation and impact on regional level ................................................. 31 References ............................................................................................. 36 4 Geophysical imaging ...................................................................................... 38 Introduction ........................................................................................... 38 Why geophysics? ..................................................................................... 38 Principles on how to use Geophysics .......................................................... 39 A priori information and identification of knowledge gaps ............................. 41 Geophysical survey .................................................................................. 43 4.5.1. Selection of appropriate geophysical methods & feasibility study ................ 46 4.5.2. Survey design and selection of measurement parameters .......................... 47 Calibration and validation through targeted sampling ................................... 49 Building of a resource distribution model (RDM) .......................................... 50 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 52 References ............................................................................................. 53 5 Waste sampling and analysis ........................................................................... 54 Introduction ........................................................................................... 54 LANDFILL MINER GUIDE - TABLE OF CONTENTS 5/194 Waste homogeneity and heterogeneity ...................................................... 54 Sampling methods................................................................................... 55 5.3.1 Boreholes ......................................................................................... 55 5.3.2 Trenches .......................................................................................... 56 Sampling strategy ................................................................................... 59 Log description of the waste deposits ......................................................... 59 5.5.1 Water content ................................................................................... 61 5.5.2 Waste consistency ............................................................................. 61 5.5.3 Degradation ..................................................................................... 61 5.5.4 Waste homogeneity ........................................................................... 62 5.5.5 Waste composition ............................................................................ 62 5.5.6 Proportion of fine materials ................................................................ 63 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 63 References ............................................................................................. 64 6 Enhanced Landfill Inventory Framework (ELIF) .................................................. 65 Introduction ........................................................................................... 65 What is ELIF ? ......................................................................................... 65 Structure and tool ................................................................................... 67 6.3.1 ELIF Structure .................................................................................. 67 6.3.2 ELIF Tool .......................................................................................... 68 6.3.3 Structure of the tool .......................................................................... 68 RAWFILL LF# files ................................................................................... 69 6.4.1 Structure of a sheet ........................................................................... 69 6.4.2 Landfill description ............................................................................ 70 6.4.3 Waste description .............................................................................. 70 6.4.4 Environmental form ........................................................................... 70 6.4.5 Social form ....................................................................................... 70 6.4.6 Technical form .................................................................................. 71 6.4.7 Economical form ............................................................................... 71 6.4.8 Additional Information ....................................................................... 71 6.4.9 Resource Distribution Model ............................................................... 71 6.4.10 Comment Report ............................................................................... 71 6.4.11 ELIF RAW DATA ................................................................................ 71 6.4.12 Import DST 1 - Cedalion site visit ........................................................ 72 RAWFILL ELIF file .................................................................................... 72 6.5.1 ELIF RAW DATA ................................................................................ 72 LANDFILL MINER GUIDE - TABLE OF CONTENTS 6/194 6.5.2 DST1 INPUT ..................................................................................... 72 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 72 7 Decision support tools (DSTs) .......................................................................... 73 Introduction ........................................................................................... 73 Overview of current Decision Support Tools (DSTs) ..................................... 73 7.2.1 RECLAF model .................................................................................. 73 7.2.2 The Smart Ground model ................................................................... 74 7.2.3 Holistic Management of Brownfield Regeneration (HOMBRE) ................... 74 7.2.4 FLAMINCO ........................................................................................ 75 DST 1 (Cedalion): fast screening & recommendations .................................. 75 7.3.1 Objectives and definitions .................................................................. 75 7.3.2 Criteria in the model .........................................................................
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