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Washington Window CAST YOUR BREAD UPON the WATERS RIPON CARTER'S BAD MATH NOVEMBER 1, 1977 VOL. XIII, No. 21 50 cents Washington Window CAST YOUR BREAD UPON THE WATERS On October 19, 1977, the House of surrounding maritime issues and a moral Representatives bit the hand that fed indignation at the corrupt state of the it. Maritime industry and union inter­ shipping industry. President "Trustme" ests---who have lavished millions in Carter had decided to clip the American campaign contributions, honoraria,·and consumer for a few billion dollars to stylish entertainment to cultivate a. keep the lid on a closed-door political docile Congress---found that the House deal with marine unions. But he faced had lost an appetite for their piece the same unrelenting opposition in Mc­ de resistance, a maritime cargo pref­ Closkey that Richard Nixon had faced on­ erence bill. Yet before the bill went ly a few years ago. A few weeks after down to a 252-167 defeat, some reputa­ the Administration's announcement that tions of individual members were pro­ it would support maritime cargo prefer­ foundly changed. ence on national security grounds, Mc­ Closkey made public the entire White "Smiling Jack" Murphy, a politician House decision package (apparently leak­ whose gall is legendary, had visited ed by a conscience-stricked White House the well once too often. The chairman staffer). of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee in tandem with Speaker Thomas From reading the various memoranda P. "Cannonball" O'Neill had engineered concerning cargo preference, the cas­ a railroading, which if had been suc­ ual reader might conclude that Presi­ cessful, might have generated a public dent Carter had "misspoke" to use the clamor to rename their august body the terminology that got Nixon in trouble House of Reprehensibles. and the style that Carter promised to eschew. The Department of Defense did Fending off the combined clout of the not believe cargo preference was help­ the maritime interests---which was re­ ful to our national security, the State enforced by a million dollar ad campaign Department thought that cargo prefer­ mounted by Jimmy Carter's erstwhile ad ence would harm our relations with al­ man Gerald Rafshoon---was California lies and violate over 30 U.S. treaties, Republican U.S. Rep. Paul N. "Pete" Mc­ and the Treasury·Department and the Coun­ Closkey, Jr. One of the brightest and cil of Economic Advisors believe that most articulate individuals ever to cargo preference would harm our economy. sit in the House, McCloskey nevertheless Special Trade Negotiator Robert Strauss, had a reputation among many members as however, overrode these picayune consid­ a lover of quixotic causes. The defrock­ erations by pointing out that nothing ing of Richard Nixon h&d eventually won less than support of cargo preference McCloskey a begrudging tolerance from would satisfy the friends of Maritime his fellow Republicans. Nevertheless, Engineers Beneficial Association pres­ Pete McCloskey, although a veteran of ident Jesse Calhoon. Carter, realiz­ ten years in the chamber, still remained ing that he might be back shelling a House outsider. peanuts had it not been for the crusty union leader's intercession at crucial This most unlikely spoiler of the stages of the 1976 presidential cam­ feast being prepared at the consumer's paign, sided with Strauss, who knows expense by Murphy and O'Neill possessed more about politics than international two strong assets: an impressive grasp trade. (See the July 15 and August 15 of facts concerning the murky waters Ripon FORUMs for further details.) Strauss had advised Carter that sup­ that subpoenas be issued when witnesses port of cargo preference might cost him refused to testify. Jack Murphy stood a couple of days of bad press. The smiling as Democratic discipline held wily former Democratic national chair­ on this vote producing an impressive man badly underestimated the interest majority for the rule. In the after­ of newspaper editorial writers. In ad­ noon of October 19, the tide began to dition, the array of opponents to this shift under the gravitational forces legislation spanned the ideological organized by McCloskey. spectrum in what must surely rank as one of the most unusual lobbying coali­ The California congressman success­ tions in recent congressional history: fully pressed an amendment restricting the Ripon Society, Human EVents, Common U.S. flag carriers benefiting from cargo Cause, the Grange, ~he National Associa­ preference from charging more than 50 tion of Manufacturers, the U.S.Chamber percent above the world market price. of Commerce, the American Petroleum In­ McCloskey succeeded also in adding stitute, and Ralph Nader's Public Citi­ amendments respectively to delay HR zen and Congress Watch (which effective­ 1037's effective date until "the secre­ ly lobbied many younger Democrats in tary of the Treasury certifies that the final weeks before the House vote.) such steps will not reduce total nation­ al employment and gross national product" Very little was spent by cargo pref­ and "the secretary of State certifies erence opponents to defeat HR 1037, that such steps will not violate any which both proponents and opponents treaty of friendship, commerce and navi­ agreed was almost assured of passage in gation with any nation which is a mem­ the House, but might be stopped by more ber of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi­ concerted opposition in the Senate zation." where Senators Bob Dole, Robert Griffin, and Richard Lugar stood ready to do bat­ Apparently confident that Carter tle. Cargo preference opponents real­ could bring both Blumenthal and Vance ized that the lavish advertising and to heel to port, Murphy acceded to both generous campaign contributions paid out these amendments. McCloskey succeeded by maritime interests were the bill's in also tacking on a fourth amendment Achilles heel. Despite attempts of Mur­ permitting u.S. flag ships to be created phy and other cargo preference flaks to from the 60 million deadweight tons in rail against the multinational oil com­ world surplus stock. He pointed out that panies, the oil industry maintained a the same ship immediately available at very low profile. 17 million dollars from the tanker sur­ plus would cost 150 million dollars and With informed public opinion turning require three years to build in u.S. steadily against cargo preference, Mur­ shipyards. phy and O'Neill sought to muscle the legislation through the House. Most of Despite the new packaging McCloskey the Democrats on the Merchant Marine had imposed on Murphy's bill, the Mer­ and Fisheries Committee had acquiesced chant Marine chairman was still set for to Murphy's decision to "stonewall" a salvaging something for his industry­ request by McCloskey to subpoena sever­ union friends. What followed next was al reluctant witnesses, including Treas­ an incredible scene from a Grade B movie ury Secretary Michael Blumenthal, Cal­ about politicial bossism. "Cannonball" hoon, and Strauss. "Cannonball" O'Neill O'Neill ambled out on the floor and summarily dismissed McCloskey's legal promptly began mumbling inaudibly from brief that House rules· gave the minori­ the chair. By all indications he was ty a right to subpoena as well as re­ discussing the third reading of the bill. quest witnesses. O'Neill's Democratic The speaker finally abandoned his mum­ minions on the Rules COmmittee fell in­ bling to announce that the bill had been to lock step behind the erudition of passed. McCloskey, stunned by this bra­ their speaker. zen maneuver, jumped to his feet to de­ mand a recorded vote. The speaker an­ Thus it was that the first vote on nounced that he had waited too long. Mc­ cargo preference came on the rule to re­ Closkey moved for reconsideration, a port HR 1037 for a vote. Republicans motion which by the speaker's lights led by McCloskey sought to defeat the would require unanimous consent. Murphy rule on the grounds that the bill had objected. By now, many in the galleries not been adequately reviewed in commit­ were gagging in disbelief. At this tee and that the minority's rights to point, U.S.Rep. Robert Bauman(R-Md.), A call witnesses was a nullity if it did conservative supporter of JIR 1037, sought not extend to the riqht also to insist to mediate by suggesting that Murphv would ensue if a rollcall vote were de­ friendships have financed his numerous nied on this issue. At the speaker's trips to those countries, several of suggestion, Murphy withdrew his objec­ tion. Within a few minutes, the nays which have not been paid for by-the began to overwhelm the yeas on the House u.S. Congress. He made at least two tally board. With the bill's defeat, such expensive trips to Iran in one 257-165, it became clear that money can't recent year and the Washington Post buy everything these days---not even the has quoted a Nicaraguan official as House of Representatives •• saying that Murphy has visited that country "at least 100 times." (Mur­ phy and Somoza were former West Point roommates. However, it is also worth Corgogole Noles noting that the proposed Panamanian treaties would prohibit the construc­ tion of an alternative canal by the In a widely reprinted article, Murphy United States. The logical route for attacked the proposed Panama Canal trea­ such a canal would be through Nicar­ ties on several grounds. In part, he agua. ) wrote: The Torrijos military dictatorship Murphy's efforts to promote the seized the government in a 1968 coup business interests of foreign govern­ from the legally elected government. ments are not the only ones to get Since that time he has suspended the him into recent trouble. Murphy legislature, suppressed the media and appeared before a New York grand subordinated the judiciary to his own jury investigating organized crime national guard which, incidentally, and the trucking industry.
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