Gender Equality Strategy 2018–2021 Unfpa Gender Equality Strategy 2018–2021

UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY 2018–2021 UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY 2018–2021

1. Introduction ...... 5 Approach and structure of the Strategy 6 UNFPA’s mandate and global commitments 7 UNFPA’s comparative advantages to achieve gender equality 8 Achievements and challenges 10

2. Objectives, Priorities, Outcomes and Outputs ...... 12 Objectives 12 Priorities 12 Outcomes and outputs 13

OUTCOME 3 ...... 13 Gender equality, the empowerment of all women and girls and reproductive rights are advanced in development and humanitarian settings Outputs that support Outcome 3 ...... 13 • Output 9: Strengthened policy, legal and accountability frameworks to advance gender equality and empower women and girls to exercise their reproductive rights and to be protected from violence and harmful practices 13 • Output 10: Strengthened civil society and community mobilization to eliminate discriminatory gender and sociocultural norms affecting women and girls 14 • Output 11: Increased multisectoral capacity to prevent and address gender-based violence using a continuum approach in all contexts, with a focus on advocacy, data, health and health systems, psychosocial support and coordination 14 • Output 12: Strengthened response to eliminate harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage, female genital mutilation and son preference 16 Other key areas of gender work: Strengthened capacities on developing gender responsive data, gender statistics, evidenced-based advocacy/dialogues and gender mainstreaming to enable women and adolescent girls to realize their sexual and reproductive health and rights 16 Mainstreaming gender in policy and programme 17

OUTCOME 1 ...... 17 Every woman, adolescent and youth everywhere, especially those furthest behind, has utilized integrated sexual and reproductive health services and exercised reproductive rights, free of coercion, discrimination and violence

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Outputs that support Outcome 1 ...... 18 • Output 1: Enhanced capacities to develop and implement policies, including financial protection mechanisms, that prioritize access to information and services for sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights for those furthest behind, including in humanitarian settings 18 • Output 2: Strengthened capacities to provide high-quality, integrated information and services for family planning, comprehensive maternal health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV, as well as information and services that are responsive to emergencies and fragile contexts 18 • Output 3: Strengthened capacities of the health workforce, especially midwives, in health management and clinical skills for high-quality and integrated sexual and reproductive health services, including in humanitarian settings 19 • Output 4: Strengthened capacities to effectively forecast, procure, distribute and track the delivery of sexual and reproductive health commodities, ensuring resilient supply chains 19 • Output 5: Improved domestic accountability mechanisms for sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights through the involvement of communities and health-system stakeholders at all levels 20

OUTCOME 2 ...... 20 Every adolescent and youth, in particular adolescent girls, is empowered to have access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights, in all contexts Outputs that support Outcome 2 ...... 21 • Output 6: Young people, in particular adolescent girls, have the skills and capabilities to make informed choices about their sexual and reproductive health and rights, and well-being 21 • Output 7: Policies and programmes in relevant sectors tackle the determinants of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health, development and well-being 21 • Output 8: Young people have opportunities to exercise leadership and participate in sustainable development, humanitarian action and in sustaining peace 21

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OUTCOME 4 ...... 22 Everyone, everywhere, is counted, and accounted for, in the pursuit of sustainable development Outputs that support Outcome 4 ...... 22 • Output 13: Improved national population data systems to map and address inequalities, advance the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the commitments of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, and strengthen interventions in humanitarian crises 22 • Output 14: Mainstreamed demographic intelligence to improve the responsiveness, targeting and impact of development policies, programmes and advocacy 22 Outcomes on organizational effectiveness and efficiency 23

3. Performance monitoring framework for implementation ...... 24 Policy and planning 24 Accountability for results 25 The UNFPA gender marker 25 The UNFPA Gender Scorecard 26 Gender architecture and parity 27 Capacities for gender mainstreaming 28 Knowledge management and communication 28 Financial resources 29

4. Coordination and partnerships ...... 30 United Nations coordination and coherence 30 Strategic partnerships 31 Gender equality and human rights 32 Joint programmes 32

5. Monitoring, reporting and evaluation ...... 34 Reporting and assessing progress 34 Evaluation 34 Risks and mitigation 35

Annex 1: The gender equality results framework 38 Annex 2: Key global and regional commitments on gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls 40 Annex 3: Key concepts related to gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls 48 Annex 4: UN-SWAP 2.0 51

4 Introduction 1

Promoting gender equality and the empowerment international commitments and resolutions of women and adolescent girls is central to the including: the Convention on the Elimination mandate of the United Nations Population Fund of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (the Fund) and at the heart of its work — both as a (CEDAW), ICPD Beyond 2014 Review, the stand-alone dedicated area and as a mainstreamed Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action approach. +20 review, Rio+20, the UN General Assembly (GA) resolutions addressing gender equality The organization’s Strategic Plan 2018–2021 (the issues including the UN System-Wide Action Plan) is focused on achieving universal access to Plan on Gender Equality and the Empowerment sexual and reproductive health and reproductive of Women (SWAP), the Commission on the rights through three transformational goals: ending Status of Women (CSW), the 2030 Agenda for preventable maternal deaths, ending the unmet Sustainable Development, the UN Declaration need for family planning and ending gender- on the Elimination of Violence Against Women based violence and all harmful practices, including (DEVAW), the UN Security Council Resolution child marriage and female genital mutilation. 1325 (2000) and its subsequent resolutions These aims, informed by an understanding of on women, peace and security1 and on sexual population dynamics, human rights and cultural violence in armed conflict. sensitivity, are intended to contribute to UNFPA’s broader goals of accelerating progress on the Building on achievements and lessons learned, International Conference on Population and from the previous Gender Equality Strategy, this Development (ICPD) Programme of Action and the 2018–2021 Strategy focuses on strengthening 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the action-oriented institutional accountability and 2030 Agenda), improving the lives of all women, implementing an integrated approach that is adolescents and youth. rights-based, participatory, people-centred,

The UNFPA Gender Equality Strategy 2018–2021 (the Strategy) focuses on empowering women 1 Security Council Resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1889 (2009), and adolescent girls and reaffirms UNFPA’s 2245 (2015) on women, peace and security and 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 2106 (2013) and 2122 (2013) on commitments to supporting the realization of sexual violence in armed conflict.

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transformative, evidence- and results-based. of Women (UN-SWAP).2 It also recognizes that It will: achieving progress on gender equality requires working with others within the UN system, • promote gender equality and women’s and Member States, the private sector, bilateral and girls’ empowerment particularly for those multilateral donors, regional and sub-regional most left behind entities and civil society including faith-based organizations, young people’s groups, women’s • improve women’s and adolescent girls’ sexual groups, men and boys’ networks, community and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) opinion leaders and local community-led authorities, among others. This wider engagement • address gender-based violence and will aid the principle of participation, which is harmful practices in all contexts including a human rights-based principle key to ensuring child, early and forced marriage, female that sound interventions and programmes are genital mutilation, son preference and the developed with the participation of historically undervaluing of girls excluded populations.

• engage men and boys Approach and structure of the Strategy • strengthen capacities for gender data/statistics collection, analysis and use The development of the Strategy is a contribution and complement to the implementation of the • facilitate greater engagement with young people UNFPA 2018–2021 Strategic Plan.3 The Plan affirms that gender equality and women’s and • develop capacity and strengthen systems for girls’ empowerment are needed to achieve implementing women’s and adolescent girls’ universal access to SRHR; at the same time, rights as specified in international treaties/ universal access is needed to advance gender resolutions. equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment. The Plan uses a twin-track approach: a) The approach to implementing the Strategy will be mainstreaming gender throughout while, at the all-inclusive, with special attention to women and same time, b) having a dedicated outcome for adolescent girls facing multiple and intersecting gender equality and reproductive rights within forms of discrimination, marginalization and the Plan’s framework. segregation due to such factors as their ethnicity, disability, migratory and indigenous status. To The Strategy further aligns with the 2030 Agenda support the Strategy’s implementation, UNFPA will targets as it captures key structural constraints to strengthen capacities to collect, analyse and use a gender equality such as discrimination, gender- range of data relevant to gender-responsive policy, based violence and harmful practices, unpaid care evidenced-based advocacy and dialogues, resource work, lack of participation in decision-making and mobilization, programme delivery and results- poor access to sexual and reproductive health based accountability. services and the realization of reproductive rights.

The Strategy further reiterates UNFPA’s 2 https://www.unsystem.org/content/un-system-wide-action- commitment to the UN System-wide Action plan-gender-equality-and-empowerment-women-swap Plan on Gender Equality and the Empowerment 3 https://www.unfpa.org/strategic-plan-2018-2021

6 INTRODUCTION 1

The Agenda calls for the elimination of all forms • uphold UN system-wide accountability of discrimination and violence, to be achieved frameworks, in particular SWAP 2.0 through: • leverage the Fund’s comparative advantage to • gender-transformative programming, achieve gender equality community mobilization and activism • achieve UNFPA’s corporate gender equality • policies and protocols that meaningfully engage strategic goals and outline some together with men and boys as partners with women and objectives and priorities. girls including in advancing gender equality and SRHR such as achieving maternal, newborn and The Fund will continue efforts to integrate a child health gender equality mainstreaming perspective into all relevant programmes and institutional • eliminating an unmet need for family planning, engagements from the preparation, design, and implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies to legal measures and resource allocations • ending gender-based violence and harmful (financial, material and human). practices. UNFPA’s mandate and global Furthermore, the Agenda calls for addressing commitments inequalities and the “leave no one behind” approach for the realization of its goals and for reaching the UNFPA’s mandate for promoting gender equality most vulnerable and marginalized groups. and empowerment of women and adolescent girls is informed by key international and regional Additionally, the ICPD and Agenda 2030 call for instruments, first and foremost, the ICPD increased investments in outcomes and outputs with Programme of Action. It is also guided by United very clear indicators that focus on gender equality Nations ECOSOC resolution 2008/3411,4 which and empowerment of women and girls. The value requested the UN system to adopt a results-based of and need for a dual strategy — targeted and management framework with benchmarks and mainstreamed — is validated by the global indicator indicators for measuring progress in the application framework for the Sustainable Development Goals of the gender mainstreaming strategy to achieve (SDGs) and requested by the United Nations gender equality. The resolution also calls for the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the inclusion of clear gender equality results and United Nations General Assembly. The Strategy gender-sensitive indicators in strategic frameworks. therefore reaffirms the “twin-track approach” of As such, UNFPA is guided by the requirement having dedicated results at the outcome level and of ECOSOC and the UN General Assembly to the mainstreaming of gender equality considerations mainstream gender and adhere to the UN-SWAP through other thematic priority areas. standards. UNFPA is also guided by the 2017

The strategy capitalizes on UNFPA’s key achievements in this area, as it seeks to: 4 ECOSOC Resolution 2008/34 Mainstreaming a gender • address existing gaps based on the organization’s perspective into all policies and programmes in the United Nations system. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2008/ mandate and global commitments resolution%202008-34.pdf

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Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (QCPR)5 As such, UNFPA is one of the lead UN agencies that requests all entities of the UN system to accountable for progress on gender equality from continue to promote the empowerment of women a normative and a results-based institutional, and girls and gender equality by enhancing gender programmatic and financial perspective. Its mainstreaming through the full implementation mission of advancing SRHR is prioritized in the of UN-SWAP. UN-SWAP also mandates that all 2030 Agenda, in particular, Goal 3 (Ensure healthy UN sustainable development frameworks include lives and promote well-being for all at all ages) and specific gender equality goals, accompanied with Goal 5 (Achieve gender equality and empower all financial and human resources, gender expertise women and girls). and reporting on gender equality results. The implementation of UN-SWAP is concurrent with With its strong human rights-focused mandate, both the UNFPA Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and this UNFPA has universal country-level presence in Strategy. UNFPA includes UN-SWAP 2.0 indicators 150 countries and territories and operational as part of the organizational effectiveness and capacity in both humanitarian and development efficiency (OEE) section of the Plan. settings. In implementing its mandate, the Fund has a comparative advantage to advance gender equality globally, regionally and at country and UNFPA’s comparative community levels, in collaboration with other advantages to achieve UN entities. Evidence-based results have been achieved through the coordination of strategic gender equality joint programmes with sister agencies and Gender equality is unattainable without the an operational capacity that lends itself to sexual and reproductive health needs of women programming on the ground through a network and adolescent girls being met, including her use of qualified, experienced and committed gender of contraception. A woman’s ability to control staff in many of UNFPA country and regional her decisions about her sexual and reproductive offices that work to promote gender equality and health and marriage are at the heart of her ability women’s and girls’ empowerment in all settings. to become empowered, including with education, Since 2006, UNFPA has been mandated to lead employment and participation opportunities. coordination of gender-based violence prevention and response in non-refugee emergency contexts, Without this, all other investments in women’s assuming sole leadership in 2016. In addition, equality, such as livelihood support and economic UNFPA brings its expertise in data collection/ empowerment, will be insufficient. When a woman utilization, including leadership on gender-based or a girl faces discrimination, violence or a harmful violence IMS (gender-based violence information practice, she is deprived of her full potential. management system), measurement, monitoring Without an enabling environment including and evaluation capacity for tracking results for where men and boys are supportive, non-violent gender equality. and caring, she has less opportunity to flourish. Addressing these issues will continue at the core For the SDGs, UNFPA co-led with UN Women the of UNFPA’s work. process towards the development of and reporting on Goal 5 on gender equality, including the indicators related to Goal 5.2 on the elimination of all forms of violence, Goal 5.3 on the elimination 5 1st draft of the 2017–2020 Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (QCPR), 15 November 2016. of all harmful practices, including female genital

8 INTRODUCTION 1

mutilation and child, early and forced marriage, impacts of harmful practices on health, realization and Goal 5.6 on women’s reproductive rights and of SRHR and exposure and risk to violence. Recently, access to sexual and reproductive health. UNFPA is the organization also launched a Global Programme co-custodian with other UN agencies of indicators to Prevent Son Preference and Gender-biased Sex for Goals 5.2 and 5.3 and custodian of Goal 5.6. In Selection in six countries in Asia and the Pacific and 2017, UNFPA co-led, under UN Women leadership, the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions and the development of the UN report to the High-level will further expand work to eliminate this harmful Political Forum (HLPF) on Goal 5. practice.

UNFPA is also one of the lead agencies in most UNFPA and partners have initiated a programme countries on supporting the advancement of to promote the human rights and social inclusion women’s and adolescent girls’ rights and their of women and young persons with disabilities, protection through co-chairing the UN Gender entitled We Decide: Women and Young Persons with Theme Group (UNGTG); it is a key member of the Disabilities. A Programme for Equal Opportunities and UN Development Group (UNDG) at the country a Life Free of Violence. The aim of We Decide is to levels and of the UN Country and Humanitarian design and implement an intervention model based Teams (UNCT/HCT), a lead on gender-based on human rights, to tackle discrimination against violence coordination, and an active member of persons with disabilities, to promote gender the Inter-Cluster Coordination Groups (ICCG). At equality, including prevention of sexual violence, the regional levels, UNFPA is also a co-lead of the and to promote the realization of the sexual and regional gender theme groups, in Eastern Europe reproductive health and rights of women and and Central Asia, for example, and a co-lead in the young persons with disabilities. Arab States. The organization has a legacy of supporting UNFPA co-leads with UN Women the Joint Global and partnering with other organizations and Programme on Essential Services for Women and various actors that advocate for the rights Girls Subject to Violence, responsible to provide of women and girls, including women’s greater access to a coordinated set of essential rights organizations/institutions, youths and and quality multisectoral services for all women peer networks/organizations, faith-based and girls who have experienced gender-based organizations/institutions, community leaders, violence. With the participation of UNDP, UNODC opinion leaders, organizations engaging men and and WHO,UNFPA also co-leads with UN Women boys, and other key civil society constituencies. and UNDP the recently launched global Spotlight Together with key multi-stakeholders, including Initiative to eliminate violence against women ongoing partnerships with National Human and girls. Rights Institutions (NHRIs), it monitors rights violations and holds governments accountable. As the major UN agency working to address harmful For instance, UNFPA is working with these practices affecting women and adolescent girls instititutions across regions to ensure that they worldwide, UNFPA operationalizes the EU-supported have the capacities to track, monitor and report UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate on SRHR and gender-based violence. It has also Action to End Child Marriage and the UNICEF- engaged in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) UNFPA Joint Programme on the Abandonment of process, analysing the review from a SRHR and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating gender-based violence perspective and has made Change – these two programmes address the recommendations at the global level on how the

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quality and quantity of recomendations can be resultant challenges in enforcement persists in strengthened in this area. At the country level, many countries. Even where laws exist, they do not the Fund has supported strong engagement of always comply with international standards and the reporting and follow-up stages of the review recommendations. Women and girls represent half to ensure that the SRHR issues are raised and of the world’s population, yet gender inequality that their implementation is supported. persists in every country, no matter how gender advanced they might be, interrupting social Achievements and progress. A recent review revealed that while 143 countries had guaranteed equality between men challenges and women in their constitutions, many have yet to Globally, progress has been seen and achievements take this step.7 Worldwide, women’s fundamental made in three fundamental areas in regard rights continue to be violated and they face to gender equality, reproductive rights and discrimination in access to education, work, social women’s and adolescent girls’ empowerment. protection, inheritance, economic assets, productive One, new commitments have been negotiated in resources and participation in decision-making and intergovernmental forums, and UN human rights society at large. Women’s increasing educational mechanisms have elaborated on these commitments attainment and rising participation in the formal and issued general comments and recommendations.6 labour market have not been matched with better Two, there has been a progressive removal of legal and conditions, prospects for advancement or equal pay. sociocultural barriers to preventing and responding The disproportionate burden of unpaid care work to gender-based violence and accessing SRHR on women and girls continues to limit enjoyment of information, education and services. Three, there human rights in several areas. The average amount has been progress in enhancing the empowerment of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work is of women and adolescent girls and ensuring their more than threefold higher for women than men, full participation in development, humanitarian and according to survey data from 83 countries and state-building and peacebuilding processes. A strong areas. Available data indicate that time spent on civil society movement, including leadership by domestic chores accounts for a large proportion women’s rights organizations, has made significant of the gender gap in unpaid work.8 Furthermore, contributions towards gains in gender equality and globally, on average women still earn 24 per cent empowerment. less than their male counterparts and are under- represented in managerial positions. In the majority Despite these advances, overall progress has been of the 67 countries with data from 2009 to 2015, unacceptably slow. Discrimination in law and less than a third of senior- and middle-management positions were held by women.8

6 For example, the UN General Assembly and Human Rights Inequalities faced by girls can begin at birth and Council resolutions on addressing gender equality, gender- follow them all their lives. In some countries, girls based violence, harmful practices and maternal health as human rights issues; the Istanbul Convention on preventing are deprived of access to health care or proper and combating violence against women and domestic nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate. violence; and the critical role of the UN human rights treaty bodies in strengthening human rights standards on the elimination of violence and advancing the right to sexual and reproductive health and rights (most notably through the General Recommendation 35 to the CEDAW and the 2016 7 UNWomen, Progress of the World’s Women General Comment No. 22 (2016) that focuses exclusively 2015-2016:Transforming Economies, Realizing Rights(2015). on sexual and reproductive health, recognizing reproductive 8 Report of the Secretary-General, “Progress towards the rights as fundamental human rights). Sustainable Development Goals”(E/2017/66).

10 INTRODUCTION 1

As young girls move into adolescence, gender and changes in lifestyles, social norms and disparities widen. Globally, it is estimated that government policies that allow women and girls 200 million girls and women alive today have to fully exercise their reproductive rights must be undergone some form of female genital mutilation. prioritized.8

Child marriage affects girls far more than boys. Gender-based violence is still widespread and Between 2011 and 2020, more than 140 million can take many forms: one woman in three has girls will become child brides. If current levels of experienced physical or sexual violence, five child marriages hold, 14.2 million girls annually or percent have been raped since the age of 15, and 39,000 daily will marry too young.9 More than 117 20 per cent have experienced online harassment. million women across Asia are “missing” as are Such violence happens everywhere — at home, at many others in Eastern European and Caucasus work, at school, in the street or online. Worldwide, countries— largely the result of gender-biased sex 35 per cent of women have experienced physical selection, which reflects the persistent low status and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non- of women and girls.10 partner sexual violence. On the basis of data from 2005 to 2016 for 87 countries, 19 per cent of Though maternal deaths globally have been women between 15 and 49 years of age said they declining, high levels of maternal mortality had experienced physical and/or sexual violence continue in some regions. Inequality also affects by an intimate partner in the 12 months prior to women and girls’ decision-making. the survey. In some cases, such violence can lead to death. In 2012, almost half of all women who Out of the 51 countries with available data, it was were victims of intentional homicide worldwide revealed that only 57 per cent of women aged 15 were killed by an intimate partner or family to 49 years married or in union make their own member, compared with six per cent of male decisions about sexual relations and the use of victims.8 This percentage is even higher among contraceptives and health services. Data thus far excluded populations such as women and girls reveal large disparities, from 40 per cent or less with disabilities, migrants and indigenous women in Middle Africa and Western Africa to around and girls. 80 per cent in some countries in Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. In general, older If unaddressed, gender inequality has serious cost women, more educated women, and women implications and consequences, including for any living in the wealthier households are more likely efforts to achieve the 2030 Agenda and its related to make their own decisions on contraception, goals and targets. sexual relations and health care. Data on each core element reflect the vast heterogeneity of access to sexual and reproductive health education and services, and to reproductive rights. To achieve the 2030 Goal, unnecessary legal, medical, clinical and regulatory barriers to the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services must be removed,

9 https://www.unicef.org/media/media_68114.html 10 UNFPA, Sex Imbalances at Birth: Current Trends, Consequences and Policy Implications(2012:47).

11 Objectives, Priorities, 2 Outcomes and Outputs

Objectives • To strengthen partnerships and collaboration There are six strategic objectives of UNFPA’s with other UN agencies, bilateral and Gender Equality Strategy 2018–2012. multilateral donors, UN Member States and civil society, among others, using evidence- and • To guide and improve programming and results results-based advocacy and accountability on gender equality within UNFPA’s work

• To enable UNFPA to promote gender equality Priorities and the human rights of all individuals, especially marginalized women and adolescent The Strategy features corporate priorities with girls, through ensuring adequate resources that key outcomes, outputs, indicators and broader fully support the implementation of international interventions. UNFPA will implement these obligations on the sexual and reproductive priorities through an integrated approach that health and rights of women and adolescent girls is rights-based, participatory, people-centred, transformative, evidence-based and results-based • To strengthen the enhancement of regional, — working in partnership and collaboration with national and local responses in tackling harmful other UN agencies, state parties, civil society, practices (including female genital mutilation, young people, humanitarian actors and local child, early and forced marriage and son communities, among others, for delivery of preference) results.

• To further guide UNFPA’s interventions to Priorities from UNFPA’s Strategic Plan enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability to gender-based violence utilizing a continuum • Strengthened legal, policy, and accountability approach frameworks to advance gender equality and empower women and girls to exercise their • To realize UNFPA’s institutional gender reproductive rights and to be protected from mainstreaming throughout all units and violence and harmful practices thematic areas

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• Strengthened civil society and community Outputs that support Outcome 3 mobilization to eliminate discriminatory gender and sociocultural norms affecting women and girls OUTPUT 9 Strengthened policy, legal and accountability • Increased multisectoral capacity to prevent frameworks to advance gender equality and and address gender-based violence using a empower women and girls to exercise their continuum approach in all contexts, with a focus reproductive rights and to be protected from on advocacy, data, health and health systems, violence and harmful practices psychosocial support and coordination UNFPA is in a unique position to advance • Strengthened response to eliminate harmful SRHR as a core dimension of gender equality practices, including child, early and forced and sustainable development. This requires marriage, female genital mutilation and son working on policy and legal frameworks and preference with national, regional and international human rights bodies that have developed a wealth Other priorities of analysis and jurisprudence in the area. This also includes support to international, • Strengthened capacities on developing gender regional, national and community-based responsive data, gender statistics, evidence- human rights mechanisms. These mechanisms based advocacy/dialogues and gender will monitor the implementation of human mainstreaming to enable women and adolescent rights obligations that empower women and girls to realize their SRHR adolescent girls and guarantee equal access to their SRHR, regardless of marital status, age • Advancement (and support) in implementation or third-party authorization. The effort will of international as well as regional commitments require the availability of sex-disaggregated data that address the needs of marginalized • Guide UNFPA’s corporate mainstreaming groups, such as persons with disabilities, older including of UN-SWAP 2.0 persons, migrants, internally displaced persons, indigenous people and other groups with special protection needs, in accessing sexual and Outcomes and outputs reproductive health services.

UNFPA will continue its partnerships with the OUTCOME 3 National Human Rights Insitutions to ensure Gender equality, the empowerment of that these entities have the capacities to track, all women and girls and reproductive monitor and report on sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights and gender-based rights are advanced in development violence. It will continue its engagement in the and humanitarian settings. Universal Periodic Review process at the global level, while at the same time, supporting countries Several of the substantive priorities of the gender on reporting and follow-up stages of the review to equality strategy build on the outputs (results) ensure that SRHR issues are raised and that their under the Plan’s Outcome 3, including outputs 9, implementation is supported. 10, 11 and 12.

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OUTPUT 10 child health, eliminating the unmet need for family Strengthened civil society and community planning, and ending gender-based violence and mobilization to eliminate discriminatory harmful practices. It will build in particular on its gender and sociocultural norms affecting legacy of practice and programming in the area women and girls of male engagement to help foster transformative change including towards supportive partnerships To change and eliminate gender discriminatory in sexual and reproductive health, equal sharing practices, gender-based violence and harmful of responsibilities, and towards abandonment of practices, social norms that support these discriminatory gender and socio-cultural norms practices and behaviours must be transformed. At affecting women and adolescent girls. UNFPA will the same time, there is interplay among structures also roll out well-tested norms measurements’ as well as the economic context in which norms approaches and methodology, as its contribution operate. Changing social norms entails working to enabling the development community in through multiple channels to create a social measuring social norms. movement and mobilizing people among practicing groups and other individuals who are influential and have the power to make decisions. UNFPA OUTPUT 11 will work with both family influencers (including Increased multisectoral capacity to prevent parents and close relatives, and boys and girls) and address gender-based violence using and with social influencers (including traditional, a continuum approach in all contexts, with religious and political leaders) to trigger changes a focus on advocacy, data, health and in gender discriminatory sociocultural norms and health systems, psychosocial support practices. Beliefs are spreading that these norms and coordination should be changed in many communities where these norms are practiced, and there is evidence The 2030 Agenda marks a new era in international that amplification of social norms changes drives cooperation to ensure that no one is left behind. further change. UNFPA will work with media, The World Humanitarian Summit’s Agenda for civil society, community-based structures and Humanity notes that to do this, there is a need government institutions to communicate news and to work differently and minimize risk, reinforce stories about the changes that are already taking national and local systems, and ultimately place at the community and national levels. “transcend the humanitarian and development divides.” Moreover, the increasing number of UNFPA addresses empowerment as an investment disasters and complex emergencies, demographic in voice, choice and agency that enables women changes and ongoing challenges associated with and girls to choose if and when they want to climate change make traditional delineations have children, marry, say ”no” to violence and between “humanitarian” and “development” be able to claim a life of dignity. The agency will programming less and less applicable. To continue to promote gender norms transformation transcend this divide, UNFPA employs a continuum to address gender-based discriminatory norms approach to bridge and harmonize interventions through gender-transformative programming, in both development and humanitarian settings. community mobilization and activism, and through This new way of working, in response to the new policies and protocols that meaningfully engage reality, has reinforced UNFPA’s commitment to be men and boys as partners with women and girls in ready and equipped to take action to prevent and advancing and achieving maternal, newborn and respond to gender-based violence, no matter the

14 OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS 2

context. UNFPA is spearheading programming community education/mobilization for prevention/ for prevention and response to gender-based mitigation. This will be guided by the simultaneous violence across the spectrum of its work — roll-out of the UN Essential Services Package for from humanitarian action, including emergency Women and Girls Subject to Violence11 and the preparedness, response and early recovery, to Minimum Standards for Prevention and Response ongoing social and economic development. to Gender-based Violence in Emergencies.12 Humanitarian work, including work on preventing and responding to gender-based violence, must be Accountability mechanisms, data systems and underpinned by a paradigm that mitigates risk and an enabling environment are essential to prevent fragility, builds resilience and lessens reliance on and address gender-based violence and for external actors. comprehensive, multisectoral services for victims and survivors. UNFPA will work in partnership with In countries experiencing a humanitarian crisis local, national and international stakeholders to where UNFPA is operational, 55 per cent of its address the inadequacies of national legislation and gender-based violence emergency programming law enforcement and to promote culturally sensitive builds on pre-emergency work. And 81 per cent and rights-based policies and plans on violence of gender-based violence interventions initiated prevention and response. The Fund will also support during crises have carried over into post-crisis initiatives to address the lack of reliable data and and development programming. Building stronger limited technical capacity to collect data on sexual national and local capacity to effectively address and gender-based violence in development and gender-based violence at all times, transcending humanitarian contexts. It will play a leadership role the humanitarian-development divide, is an in ensuring that gender-based violence is addressed investment in resilience, peace and security, and as an integral part of the essential sexual and sustainable development. UNFPA’s work along the reproductive health package. continuum serves to reinforce sustainable gender- based violence programming in humanitarian In emergency contexts, UNFPA advocates for the response and ensures that development progress is integration of gender-based violence risk mitigation accessible to communities, benefits those affected by and support for victims and survivors across crisis and contributes to improved crisis response. sectors throughout the humanitarian response. Capacities would be strengthened where there are Currently, UNFPA works to prevent and respond to gaps in country and field offices. Sole leadership gender-based violence in 135 countries worldwide, of the gender-based violence area of responsibility 43 of which are experiencing humanitarian crisis (AoR) at the global level provides an opportunity caused by conflict or natural disaster. UNFPA will for UNFPA to significantly scale up programme seek to support the prevention of gender-based and coordination efforts in all humanitarian violence by increasing multisectoral capacity using contexts. Ongoing investments in gender-based a continuum approach and resilience building violence surge capacity, capacity development in all contexts. The organization’s interventions and establishment of the gender-based violence will focus on policy and legislative reform IMIS and tools in crisis contexts — all with specific dialogues, advocacy and education of all actors attention to gender-based violence — will help to and stakeholders and multisectoral capacity/ system building of service providers, data, health 11 www.unfpa.org/publications/essential-services-package- and health systems, including for psychosocial women-and-girls-subject-violence support and case management, coordination and 12 https://www.unfpa.org/featured-publication/gbvie- standards

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establish UNFPA as the global leader to address mobilizing communities and civil society such violence in humanitarian settings. • working with service providers to increase their capacity in preventing, identifying, treating and/ OUTPUT 12: or making referrals on cases of female genital Strengthened response to eliminate harmful mutilation and child, early and forced marriage practices, including child, early and forced marriage, female genital mutilation and • mainstreaming female genital mutilation and son preference child, early and forced marriage in maternal and child health and child protection services Women and adolescent girls facing intersecting forms of discrimination are at a higher risk of • supporting strengthened knowledge and experiencing violence and harmful practices across enforcement of laws addressing harmful their lives, including but not limited to female practices and amplification of positive social genital mutilation, child, early and forced marriage, norms to create a movement of medical son preference and gender-biased sex selection, professionals who support the abandonment female infanticide, dowry-related violence, acid of such practices attacks, so-called “honour” crimes, maltreatment of widows, forced feeding of women and • utilizing a coordinated, multisectoral approach in nutritional taboos, isolation during menstruation, preventing the occurrence of harmful practices, breast ironing, dietary restrictions for women who identifying risks and responding to survivors are pregnant and witch hunts. Preventing violence via access to a comprehensive package of before it occurs and providing quality and timely multisectoral essential services. access to comprehensive multisectoral services, such as immediate and long-term health care, Other key areas of gender work: Strengthened can provide women and girls the opportunity to capacities on developing gender responsive data, break recurrent cycles of violence and mitigate gender statistics, evidenced-based advocacy/ the consequences. dialogues and gender mainstreaming to enable women and adolescent girls to realize their sexual UNFPA will continue to address harmful practices and reproductive health and rights under the overall rubric of achieving gender equalityand empowerment of women and UNFPA’s lead role on data within the UN system adolescent girls. Such initiatives could include: ensures that a systematic mainstreaming approach is undertaken with key gender-related indicators • prevention efforts focused on, for example, integrated into the organization’s policies, advocacy and raising awareness, training programmes, advocacy and reporting frameworks. of multi-stakeholders, promoting autonomy of women and girls around comprehensive Collaboration with the units working on population sexuality and reproduction, systematically and development as well as with the monitoring and integrating sensitization on harmful practices evaluation teams on technical capacitybuilding on within sexuality and reproductive health gender responsive data for key UNFPA focal points education programmes, advocating for the from respective units will be strenghthened to ensure provision of adolescent-friendly sexual and greater accountability of the major institutional reproductive health services for girls and boys, deliverables. Partnership with key stakeholders,

16 OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS 2

including other UN agencies, and data analysison dimensions across other programming areas will gender statistics wouldbe strengthened including be critical for the implementation of this strategy. in areas related to broader gender equality and its Targeted programmes focused on gender equality impact on SRHR, such as economic empowerment, are situated within Outcome 3 of the Plan, as education, decision-making and unpaid care work. noted above, while mainstreaming of gender Prevalence surveys on female genital mutilation, into the other outcomes of the Plan are found child, early and forced marriage, son preference and in Outcome 1 on sexual and reproductive health gender-biased sex selection in countries where the services, Outcome 2 on youth empowerment various joint programmes on addressing harmful and Outcome 4 on population data. Furthermore, practices are being implemented are recommended several outputs on organizational effectiveness during the implementation of the Strategy to and efficiency (OEE) are also relevant. ascertain the status of prevalence. OUTCOME 1 UNFPA is also leading country-level support on census work and gender-based violence surveys, Every woman, adolescent and youth as well as supporting multi-indicator cluster everywhere, especially those furthest surveys and demographic health surveys. behind, has utilized integrated sexual and reproductive health services and Mainstreaming gender in exercised reproductive rights, free of coercion, discrimination and violence policy and programme UNFPA will continue to mainstream gender both in The promotion of reproductive rights and using policy and programme. On the former, the Fund’s sexual and reproductive health information and work on gender equality and empowerment of services improves the health and dignity of women, women and adolescent girls will be guided by the adolescent girls and their spouses and families. 2017–2020 QCPR which requests all entities of Information and services for family planning/ the UN system to continue to promote women birth spacing, maternal health, HIV prevention and girls’ empowerment and gender equality by and treatment, and the prevention/mitigation of enhancing gender mainstreaming through the full gender-based violence, among other things, implementation of the UN-System Wide Action are known to reduce maternal mortality Plan on Gender Equality and the Empowerment and morbidities, protect women and girls from of Women (SWAP). UNFPA will work to ensure injuries, and prevent unintended pregnancies. that it continues to prioritize implementation of These benefits improve the health of women, UN-SWAP 2.0, including in areas where deepened adolescents and youth, and their families. investment is required, such as gender parity, leadership, and capacity development. UNFPA UNFPA will promote SRHR, including through ranked second within the UN system on the first lead coordination and service provision functions, SWAP Framework from 2013–2017 and will strive strengthening collaboration, partnerships and to meet and exceed all requirements as outlined in advocacy in the areas of health, protection/ the SWAP 2.0 Framework. humanitarian response, human rights, legal reforms related to women’s reproductive health Given UNFPA’s twin track approach to achieving and rights, state and building initiatives, education gender equality, mainstreaming of gender and women and adolescent girls empowerment.

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In all its interventions, UNFPA will focus first on • Support research that assesses the impact increased access to integrated SRHR for those of access to sexual and reproductive health who are furthest behind including first-time young services to women and girls’ empowerment mothers and adolescent girls, those living in poor including economic empowerment. urban settings, indigenous women, women and adolescent girls with disabilities, populations with • Ensure that when essential sexual and protection risks due to conflicts or natural disasters, reproductive health services are included as part and populations living with or at risk of HIV. In of risk pooling and prepayment schemes, they accordance with the principles of universality, consider what kind of affect/impact this will integration, interconnectedness, country ownership, have on women and girls specifically, especially a people-centred life cycle approach and leaving those most marginalized, and their ability to no one behind, UNFPA will seek to strengthen access such services. health systems in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and will build on the • Ensure that when countries budget for momentum created by the movement for universal emergency preparedness and response and health coverage. This outcome will address inequity disaster risk reduction plans that integrate sexual and with UNFPA’s expertise as a lead UN data and reproductive health services, they consider agency, a very systematic mainstreaming approach what kind of effect/impact this will have and will be undertaken to ensure that all the agency’s address women and girls, including those most policies, programmes, advocacy and reporting have marginalized. specific gender indicators against which progress can be measured. • Ensure that participation of individuals, particularly women and girls, is factored into the planning, implementation, monitoring of programmes Outputs that support Outcome 1 in relation to the above interventions and that OUTPUT 1 adequate funds are dedicated to ensuring such Enhanced capacities to develop and participation is made possible. implement policies, including financial protection mechanisms, that prioritize access to information and services for sexual OUTPUT 2: and reproductive health and reproductive Strengthened capacities to provide high- rights for those furthest behind, including in quality, integrated information and services humanitarian settings for family planning, comprehensive maternal health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV, • Ensure that costed and integrated, national as well as information and services that are sexual and reproductive health plans prioritizing responsive to emergencies and fragile contexts access to a comprehensive package of sexual and reproductive health information and • Assess how services aimed at meeting coverage services for adolescents, key populations and of emergency obstetric and newborn care, as marginalized groups, are harmonized with per the international recommended minimum broader efforts to promote and cost gender standards, can be improved to ensure the most equality and women’s empowerment including accessibility for all women and girls, including within national action plans on gender and by addressing key sociocultural barriers limiting gender-based violence. their access.

18 OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS 2

• Ensure that attention is also given to the curriculum, including content on prevention of engagement of men and boys as supportive stigma and discrimination against marginalized partners in sexual and reproductive health women and adolescent girls, respectful care in and rights, as well as their own sexual and the context of women and girls living in poverty, reproductive health needs. male involvement, and measures to support women and girls to be confident and vocal • Assess how programmes aimed at providing about their needs and health care. obstetric fistula treatment and support can continue to be improved from a survivor • Ensure that the needs of women and adolescent perspective that is informed by the woman’s girls with disabilities are included in the pre- participation. service curricula of midwives.

• Ensure that public health facilities providing • Ensure gender analysis, including around the integrated sexual and reproductive health barriers women and girls face in accessing services, including for cervical cancer services, involvement of male partners, and screenings, are adolescent- and gender-friendly engagement of gatekeepers, in all trainings for through use of relevant standards, checklists, health service providers and managers trained and surveys gathering of client feedback. on the Miniumum Initiative Service Package with support from UNFPA. • Ensure that HIV-related servicestake into consideration how to improve access to • As part of ensuring that adolescent health treatment and care for women, men, girls and competencies are included in the pre-service boys, including those living in context of poverty, curricula of health professionals, ensure that are living with disabilities, are from indigenous the differing concerns, vulnerabilities, and communities, or identify as lesbian, gay, needs of adolescent girls and adolescent bisexual, transgender, intersexual (LGBTI). boys are specifically taken into consideration and addressed. • Ensure that adequate planning and funds are dedicated to enabling the participation of • Ensure that when the health workforce, individuals, including from marginalized groups including midwives, are trained they are such as those with disabilities, from indigenous sensitized on the importance of client/patient communities, living with HIV, or who identify as feedback and satisfaction. LGBTI, in the setting up and delivery of sexual and reproductive health services. OUTPUT 4 Strengthened capacities to effectively OUTPUT 3 forecast, procure, distribute and track the Strengthened capacities of the health delivery of sexual and reproductive health workforce, especially midwives, in health commodities, ensuring resilient supply chains management and clinical skills for high-quality and integrated sexual and reproductive health • All efforts on supply chain management efforts services, including in humanitarian settings should follow recommended actions of the UNFPA/WHO implementation guide on ensuring • Ensure that a gender analysis is incorporated rights-based contraceptive delivery including into accredited midwifery schools pre-service for marginalized populations, and consider how

19 = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

barriers might have an effect/impact on women, especially indigenous women and girls, women young women, men and young men. and adolescent girls with disabilities, those who identify as LGBTI and others facing intersecting • Apply a gender and human rights based and multiple forms of discrimination. analysis to all functional logistics management information system strengthening efforts, • Ensure that community engagement prioritizes including for “reaching the last mile” particularly participation and leadership by women and adoelscent for those women and adolescent girls most girls and sets up structures and safeguards to marginalized and left behind, for forecasting and better guarantee that this will take place. monitoring essential medicines and supplies, including sexual and reproductive health commodities. OUTCOME 2 • Establish mechansims and ensure adequate Every adolescent and youth, in particular funds that enable clients, communities and all adolescent girls, is empowered to have stakeholders to provide insights, advice and access to sexual and reproductive health ideas for strengthening delivery of sexual and reproductive health commodities and ensuring and reproductive rights, in all contexts resilient supply chains. Adolescence is a critical life stage during which girls OUTPUT 5 and boys must have the opportunity to develop the Improved domestic accountability capabilities required for realizing their full potential mechanisms for sexual and reproductive and achieving a prosperous, healthy and fulfilling health and reproductive rights through the life. The gender equality strategy will align with involvement of communities and health- UNFPA’s new Adolescent and Youth Strategy: My system stakeholders at all levels Body, My Life, My World, with the overarching goal of ensuring access of adolescents and youth to sexual • Ensure incorporation of routine patient and reproductive health services and realizing their satisfaction surveys on the provision of sexual and rights. This will include:1) enabling evidence-based reproductive health services that take into account advocacy for comprehensive policy and programme gender perspectives including differentiated development, investment and implementation; questions for male and female patients. 2) promoting comprehensive sexuality eduction; 3) building capacity for sexual and reproductive • Ensure that countries affected by a humanitarian health service delivery, including HIV prevention, crisis that have a functioning inter-agency treatment and care; 4) taking bold initiatives to sexual and reproductive health coordination reach marginalized and disadvantaged adolescents body as a result of UNFPA guidance and and youth, especially girls; and 5) promoting youth leadership prioritize representation of balanced leadership and participation.13 gender leadership in management structures.

• Ensure that engagement of communities in strengthening accountability mechanisms for sexual and reproductive health includes 13 http://www.unfpa.org/resources/unfpa-strategy-adolescents- participation of marginalized populations, and-youth

20 OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS 2

Outputs that support Outcome 2 OUTPUT 7 OUTPUT 6 Policies and programmes in relevant sectors Young people, in particular adolescent girls, tackle the determinants of adolescent have the skills and capabilities to make and youth sexual and reproductive health, informed choices about their sexual and development and well-being reproductive health and rights, and well-being • Ensure that when countries have strategies • Ensure that when school-based comprehensive integrating the sexual and reproductive health sexuality education curricula is operationlized of adolescents and youth in at least two sectors, in accordance with international standards, apart from the health sector, they include particular attention is given to how marginalized marginalized youth, taking into consideration youth including excluded adolescent girls, young their varying needs based on gender, gender people with disabilities, indigenous youth, LGBTI identity, and sexual orientation. youth and others can be reached and included. OUTPUT 8 • Ensure that when a national mechanism or Young people have opportunities to exercise strategy is put in place to deliver out-of- leadership and participate in sustainable school comprehensive sexuality education development, humanitarian action and in in accordance with international standards, sustaining peace marginalized youth including excluded adolescent girls, young people with disabilities, • Ensure that when countries set up institutional indigenous youth, LGBTI youth, and others are mechanisms and respective budgets for the reached and included. participation of young people in policy dialogue and programming, including in peacebuilding • Ensure that when policies and programmes processes, they strive for girls’ and young in relevant sectors tackle the determinants of women’s leadership and the inclusion of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive marginalized youth such as excluded adolescent health, development and well-being, they take girls, young people with disabilities, indigenous into consideration how determinants vary and youth, LGBTI youth and others facing multiple require differentiated responses and actions for and intersecting forms of discrimination. adolescent boys, adolescent girls, young men and young women. • Ensure that when countries responding to humanitarian crises include young people in • Ensure that participation of individuals, decision-making mechanisms in all phases including adolescent girls and young women, is of the humanitarian response they strive for factored into the planning, implementation and girls and young women’s leadership and monitoring of programmes and adequate funds the inclusion of marginalized youth such as are dedicated to ensuring such participation. excluded adolescent girls, young persons with disabilities, indigenous youth, LGBTI youth and others facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination.

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OUTCOME 4 • Support generation and publishing of annual OUTCOME 4 vital statistics based on civil registration, with Everyone, everywhere, is counted, support from UNFPA, using a gender analysis and accounted for, in the pursuit of including how such statistics affect, include sustainable development and exclude women and adolescent girls and their rights. Universal access to SRHR cannot be attained without counting everyone, everywhere, especially OUTPUT 14 those furthest behind. The 2030 Agenda requires Mainstreamed demographic intelligence to that no one be left behind and that the furthest improve the responsiveness, targeting and behind be reached first, which requires effective impact of development policies, programmes monitoring from a population perspective. The and advocacy availability of data and the analytical capacity to forecast population dynamics and assess • Support countries with national development demographic development linkages are critical for plans that explicitly integrate demographic the design of effective, evidence-based population dynamics, including changing age structure, policies and programmes that contribute towards population distribution and urbanization, including advancing gender equality and empowerment of analysis from a gender perspective and which links women and adolescent girls. Strong sex-and age- to national development plans on gender, national disaggregated population data collection, analysis action plans on ending gender-based violence and and use in policies and programmes, including other relevant gender-related plans. information on the most marginalized and excluded, will allow UNFPA to support evidence- • Ensure that when countries generate and use based policies, innovations and programmes mapping (at the district level or below) to and to monitor and measure impact in ways that illustrate the vulnerability of their populations enhance accountability and demonstrate results. to disasters and humanitarian crises they use a gender analysis including how marginalized women and adolescent girls are most affected. Outputs that support Outcome 4 OUTPUT 13 • Ensure that documents from global and regional Improved national population data systems intergovernmental processes supported by to map and address inequalities, advance UNFPA address sexual and reproductive health, the achievement of the Sustainable reproductive rights, gender equality, the needs Development Goals and the commitments of adolescents and youth, and population of the Programme of Action of the dynamics, as well as marginalized groups in International Conference on Population their analysis. and Development, and strengthen interventions in humanitarian crises • Ensure that where possible, participation of individuals, particularly women and • Support the participation, including through adolescent girls, is factored into the planning, dedication of funds, of key interlocuters implementation, monitoring of relevant activities representing women and adolescent girls and and programmes, and the dedication of marginalized groups, in census development, adequate funds to ensure such participation is implementation and analysis processes. made possible.

22 OBJECTIVES, PRIORITIES AND OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS 2

Outcomes on organizational accountable for the delivery of the UN-SWAP effectiveness and efficiency 2.0 indicators related to gender equality. This will include having adequate human and financial Several outputs under organizational effectiveness resources to support both stand-alone initiatives and efficiency (OEE), are relevant to the Gender and gender mainstreaming innovations across the Equality Strategy. policies and programme implementation of UNFPA. Output 1: Improved programming for results: OEE 1.2–1.4 and 1.6 Where possible, the use of gender budgeting will be reintroduced as an analytical instrument Output 2: Optimized management of resources: to support institutional gender mainstreaming OEE 2.4 and engagement with countries. Specific gender indicators would be consolidated for each unit Output3: Increased contribution to UN system- and thematic areas to facilitate easy integration of wide results, coordination and coherence: OEE gender issues and ensure accountability. As part 3.1–3.4 of the UNCT, UNFPA may also participate in the UNCT-SWAP gender scorecard exercise to ensure The organization effectiveness and efficiency greater accountability to gender equality at the section of UNFPA’s Strategic Plan holds important country level. and relevant meaning for gender equality and the empowerment of women and adolescent girls, and the Strategy reiterates this importance. The Strategy will be used as one policy document that aims to hold staff, at all levels in UNFPA,

23 Performance monitoring 3 framework for implementation

An indicative results framework for tracking learned from the implementation of the first SWAP. progress on implementation of the Gender UN-SWAP 2.0 contextualizes the framework to Strategy is featured in Annex 1. However, the the 2030 Agenda adding four new performance main gauge for measuring how UNFPA is indicators; three on results and one on leadership. implementing the Strategy will be revealed The remaining performance indicators were through progress implementing the UNFPA retained and upgraded. This updated framework Strategy Plan 2018–2021. provides a more robust platform to enhance accountability and strengthen coherence Policy and planning across the UN system on gender equality and empowerment of women. In 2012, the United Nations Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) approved the System-Wide UNFPA has committed to the UN-SWAP 2.0 Action Plan on Gender Equality and Women’s requirement on policy and planning by ensuring Empowerment (UN-SWAP) for adoption across gender mainstreaming across all outcomes in the the UN system. As an accountability framework Fund’s Strategic Plan as well as dedicating Outcome for accelerating gender mainstreaming in the UN 3 to gender equality and empowerment of women system, UN-SWAP, for the first time, provided UN and adolescent girls. UNFPA will furthermore ensure entities with a set of 15 performance indicators that the Gender Equality Strategy is “fit for purpose” clustered into six broad functional areas to and responds to the 2030 Agenda, implemented measure their individual progress across all and monitored with progress measured, evaluated, institutional operations. UN Women leads and reported and communicated upon at all levels. coordinates UN-SWAP implementation. Gender analysis is an integral part of the Plan Upon the completion of the 2012–2017 and country programme documents. Guidance on implementation period of UN-SWAP 1.0, a second using gender analysis is provided for programme generation of the action plan was developed development, monitoring, implementation and using a widely consultative two-year system- evaluation of programmes. UNFPA’s Programme wide process. UN-SWAP 2.0 updates the existing Review Committee provides support and guidance framework, building into it refinements and lessons by reviewing country programme documents and

24 PERFORM MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION 3

in providing feedback to enhance the quality. The • evidence-based policies and programme various criteria and tools used to guide the review planning/development, implementation and of the country programme documents integrate accountability a gender analysis. Annual reporting templates, including for country offices, contain sections for • human rights-based, people-centred, gender- reporting on achievement on gender outcomes mainstreamed and transformative approaches and outputs in the Strategic Plan. The results- to programming based management/monitoring (RBM) policy will be revised, which will provide another opportunity • active participation in planning for the United to consider more effective mainstreaming of Nations Development Assistance Framework gender equality. Key sex- and age-disaggregated (UNDAF), country-level United Nations data are vital and will be made available when Strategic Framework (UNSF) and consolidated monitoring the Plan’s implementation. Also, a Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), as well as new guideline was drafted in 2016 for developing wider UN reform and coherence efforts. the theory of change to support country offices in developing country programmes; this guideline includes gender analysis and sex-disaggregated As part of the United Nations Secretary-General’s data.14 “Human Rights up Front” initiative, UNFPA has made an online course mandatory for its staff: Accountability for results the United Nations Human Rights Responsibilities curriculum. The course aims at increasing staff The 2030 Agenda includes commitments to members’ capacity to promote human rights in greater accountability at global, regional and their daily work and to take appropriate action for national levels and to corresponding mechanisms human rights protection within their functions. for implementation and follow-up. The Strategy The purpose of the initiative is to induce a underscores UNFPA’s commitment to achieve cultural change within the UN system and ensure results and manage for results and to a shared that the protection of people from violations of culture of accountability for advancing gender international human rights and humanitarian law equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment. A remains central to United Nations strategies human rights-based and gender-mainstreaming and actions. approach to programming is identified among the principles central to UNFPA programme results.15 The UNFPA gender marker Principles central to UNFPA programme results The gender marker is a mandated aspect of include: UNFPA’s work plan creation and consequent programme monitoring of all programme funds. • a country-based approach, centred on national It is one of the attributes in UNFPA’s financial priorities, leadership and ownership resources planning and disbursements and is mandatory for all programmed funds. Financial reporting on the gender marker is included in 14 https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/admin-resource/ UNFPA’s annual report of the Executive Director. UNFPA_strategic_plan_2018-2021._Annex_2_-_Theory_of_ UNFPA has been using such a marker since 2014 change_-_FINAL_-_24Jul17.pdf to track and monitor the gender-responsiveness 15 UNFPA Strategic Plan2018–2021, Annex 5: UNFPA programme accountability framework of all financial allocations and expenditures.

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UNFPA will improve programming for gender The UN country team (UNCT) gender equality equality results by tracking and reporting on scorecard is a standardized assessment of UN expenditure using gender markers validated country-level gender mainstreaming practices, by a quality assurance process. The analysis of aimed at ensuring accountability and improving results will be further developed and more widely performance. It includes performance indicators shared with country and regional offices to inform on gender equality and empowerment of women programming and accountability for results; in and is aligned with UN-SWAP and with the revised addition, best practices will be shared with other UNDAF guidance. The scorecard constitutes the UN entities and partners. equivalent of UN-SWAP at the country level — aimed at gauging how gender is mainstreamed The UNFPA gender marker has been incorporated into at the UNCT level. It was developed jointly by the global programming system and is coded at the UN Women and UNDP, following the successful level of activities in the annual workplan. The marker implementation of UN-SWAP in a range of codes indicate four levels (0, 1, 2a and 2b) and are institutional contexts, which demonstrated its based on the extent to which gender is considered and potential for replicability by UNCTs. The UNCT- addressed throughout the design, implementation, SWAP gender equality scorecard has also and monitoring and evaluation process. been updated and harmonized to coordinate accountability for gender mainstreaming at As the agency moves forward in tracking individual UN entity and country team level. its commitments on gender, there could be opportuntiesto develop the second generation A revised scorecard was introduced in 2018 of gender markers, such as the gender and age to strengthen the work of the UN on gender marker rolled out by the Inter-Agency Standing mainstreaming at the country level. UNCTs generally Committee (IASC).16 perform well in the areas of programming and partnerships, whereas areas related to monitoring The UNFPA Gender Scorecard and evaluation and resource-tracking require improvement. By using a set of 18 standard indicators At the country level, programmatic accountability and applying common assessment criteria, the is embodied in the UNFPA country programme new scorecard will allow for regional and country document with the aim to achieve results within comparisons. A new self-assessment methodology the humanitarian and national development will also strengthen ownership by the UNCTs priorities and the outcomes of the UNDAF, UN and support a phased approach towards meeting Strategic Framework and humanitarian response performance requirements. The new scorecard plans. All country programmes contribute to is aligned with the 2030 Agenda and covers the results identified in the UNFPA Strategic seven functional dimensions including planning Plan. In humanitarian contexts, inter-agency and programming, monitoring and evaluation, accountabilities will be as detailed through partnerships, leadership, gender architecture and mechanisms such as the common humanitarian capacities, and resources and results. action plan, the Consolidated Appeal Process, the inter-agency flash appeal and the transitional or The gender equality scorecard enables UN early recovery appeal process. country teams to reach those most in need while strengthening coordination, transparency and accountability. It encourages the teams to work 16 http://earlyrecovery.global/sites/default/files/brief_on_the_ development_of_the_gam_281016.pdf collaboratively and empowers managers and

26 PERFORM MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION 3

teams to improve gender equality performance. guidance to national policy and programming. UNFPA will participate in implementation of the This includes senior-level representation in policy UNCT-SWAP gender equality scorecard. development, implementation, programmes and reporting in all UNCTs, HCTs and UN Gender Gender architecture and parity Thematic Groups. They build capacities of local staff on adherence to global commitments and UNFPA has a comparative advantage through its UNFPA requirements. network of gender and gender-based violence staff in its country offices in many of the 150 At the country level, the programming on gender UNFPA country and regional offices — all prepared and rights is often undertaken by national to advance gender equality and women’s rights programme officers— staff at the country level globally, regionally and at country levels. At the who are entrusted with gender and human rights global level, UNFPA’s network of gender and portfolios. Currently, there is no specified level for gender-based violence professionals form the country office focal points and the job descriptions knowledge hub of gender expertise at UNFPA. and time allocation for these staff are dependent on UNDAF and UNFPA country programme priorities. • The Gender and Human Rights Branch, Technical Due to UNFPA’s ICPD mandate, many professional Division, consists of a core team of policy staff members who are working in the areas of advisors and specialists at P5/P4 level who are SRHR and population and development issues are positioning the organization and its mandate highly conversant in gender equality issues without and programmes at the global level. The team being formally identified as gender experts, building develops related policies, guidelines and tools, from UNFPA’s integrated nature of programming implements global programmes and provides and implementation in most countries. technical assistance, capacities and advice as requested by regional and country offices. The United Nations Secretary-General has made clear that achieving gender parity is a top priority. • The Humanitarian and Fragile Contexts Branch, The initial target for the equal representation of Programme Division, hosts the gender-based women and men among United Nations staff violence-in-emergencies team. The team was the year 2000, yet the target is far from includes technical specialists at New York being reached. The Secretary-General launched a headquarters (HQ), the UNFPA office in strategy that provides a roadmap to reach gender Geneva and at the regional level. There is parity at the senior levels of leadership by 2021 also a four-person roving team. and ultimately in 2028 across the board. This strategy reflects the organization’s core values At the regional level, these teams of gender and a commitment that is decades old, and it is and gender-based violence specialists are essential to strengthening the work of the United complemented by regional advisors and specialists Nations. The system-wide strategy operationalizes at P5/P4 level in UNFPA regional offices. These the goal of gender parity, moving the UN from regional-level staff form a sub-network with ambition to action. gender focal points in country offices with whom they regularly interact and provide guidance and In January 2017, a gender parity task force was technical assistance. International gender/gender- established to develop a clear roadmap, with based violence technical staff at the P4/P3 level benchmarks and timeframes, to achieve parity provide leadership, representation on and technical across the system. In relation to this, which is

27 = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

also connected to UN-SWAP 2.0, all entities have UNFPA requires mandatory training on gender, been asked to develop their own roadmaps for human rights, harassment, sexual harassment and operationalizing the strategy. To that end, UNFPA abuse of authority in the workplace. Staff training is developing its own Gender Parity Strategy/ currently includes: “One Voice” e-orientation, Action Plan to ensure parity is met and maintained which posits that programming on gender and at all levels in UNFPA. Though the organization has use of gender analysis is essential to the UNFPA reached overall gender parity, there are gaps at mandate; an awareness session titled “UN Cares: levels such as P4 and D2 levels. UNFPA’s Division HIV in the Workplace”; and training on ethics, for Human Resources is a member of the United integrity and anti-fraud. Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on Gender Parity and Equality, which was introduced to support UNFPA will continue to build staff capacity through the launch in December 2017 of the Secretary- the implementation of the mandatory training General’s System-wide Strategy on Gender Parity. on gender equality entitled “I Know Gender: An Introduction to Gender Equality for UN Staff.” Opportunities to provide additional training for Capacities for gender managers will be explored, including additional mainstreaming gender equality training for senior management. The enhanced capacity of senior managers to Gender equality and commitment to diversity champion gender equality and achieve results is currently included in UNFPA vacancy at this level to advance gender equality will be announcements under the section on work strategic for UNFPA. environment: “UNFPA provides a work environment that reflects the values of gender equality, teamwork, respect for diversity, integrity and a healthy balance Knowledge management of work and life. UNFPA is committed to maintaining and communication a balanced gender distribution and therefore encourages women to apply.” UNFPA has a system UNFPA contributes the latest evidence-based of recognition in place for excellent work (the research in support of enhanced knowledge “recognition toolkit” adopted in 2016) that includes management and communication in core areas of provision for recognition of excellent work promoting work, including gender equality and empowerment gender equality and women’s empowerment. of women and adolescent girls. Gender will be UNFPA has also rolled out mechanisms for the integrated in all communication, targeting larger implementation of a zero-tolerance policy to support numbers in key audiences, including UN Member the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse. States and civil society. This is expected to support countries to communicate results/impact, As part of a recent organization-wide assessment enhance resource mobilization and build strategic of the capacity of all staff, questions on staff’s partnerships. gender-related knowledge and capacities were included. Based on that assessment, a capacity Messages about gender equality and the rights development plan will be developed in order to of women and adolescent girls are mainstreamed address gaps and areas for strengthening staff throughout the organization’s messaging as capacity on aspects of gender equality. These a corporate priority. This will continue to be requirements are also embedded within the critical to advocacy efforts that support changing SWAP 2.0 framework. attitudes, beliefs, norms and practices against

28 PERFORM MONITORING FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION 3 gender discrimination and will build on the existing Financial resources and upcoming evidence-based engagement with relevant audiences. A focus on UNFPA’s four Implementation of the new Strategy requires gender equality priorities (Outcome 3: Outputs adequate financial resources. This includes 9 to 12) will be especially important for fostering resourcing the core functions for global advocacy, South-South cooperation among countries working technical guidance, coordination and reporting of on common priorities related to gender equality gender mainstreaming and thematic programmes. within and across regions. Strong emphasis will be Also, resources for the core functions of gender placed on sharing knowledge and best practices focal points across the organization with funding that advance gender equality and empowerment from both core and extra budgetary funding are of women and girls, focusing especially on results required for implementation of the four gender and lessons learned. equality priorities as detailed in the UNFPA Strategic Plan 2018–2021. UNFPA continues to support global, regional and nationally-led advocacy initiatives through The resources allocated to achieve the four opportunities such as high-level side events gender equality priorities in the Plan amount to during meetings of the Commission on the Status $400.6 million, which equals 11 per cent of the of Women and the UN General Assembly, other programme budget. This is the same proportion global, regional and national conferences and of the programme budget as in the previous side-events and with campaigns for International plan for 2014–2017. These resources will also Women’s Day, the International Day of the Girl be complemented by non-core resources, as Child and 16 Days of Activism against Gender- indicated by commitments and contributions Based Violence. To support the principle of from donors and UN Member States. UNFPA will programming on intersectionality or for those annually assess the proportion of expenditures on facing multiple and intersecting forms of the four gender equality priorities at the global, discrimination, UNFPA will also continue to engage regional and country levels. In addition to these in advocacy on gender-related issues during other resources which are dedicated to initiatives where key commemorative days such as International the promotion of gender equality is the principal Day of Persons with Disabilities, the International objective, other resources will also be tracked Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples and through the gender marker system, gauging where International Youth Day. activities have mainstreamed gender across the other Outcomes of the Strategic Plan.

29 Coordination and 4 partnership

United Nations coordination member of the Inter-Agency Network on Women and coherence and Gender Equality (IANWGE) and its working groups, including the UNDG Gender Equality UNFPA contributes to UN inter-agency Task Team. UNFPA is also a member of inter- collaborative efforts to advance gender equality agency coordination mechanisms on specific and gender mainstreaming as a member of the issues including the Taskforce on Women, Peace UNDG and its working mechanisms at the global and Security, the UNiTE to End Violence against and regional levels. The Fund is a member of other Women Campaign, the UN Trust Fund to end existing inter-agency networks, including the UN Violence against Women and other relevant fora System Chief Executives Board for Coordination, including on humanitarian issues. Through these the High-Level Committee on Programmes, the coordination mechanisms, UNFPA will continue to High-Level Committee on Management, the UN take concrete actions to further promote gender Evaluation Group, the Finance and Budget Network mainstreaming in the UN system, including of the Chief Executives Board for Coordination through the full implementation of UN-SWAP 2.0. and the Representatives of Internal Audit Services of United Nations organizations and multilateral To further advance gender equality in the context financial institutions. of national priorities and ensure alignment with the 2030 Agenda, UNFPA co-led with UN Women UNFPA is represented in the UN Statistics the update of UNDG guidelines for gender Office Network on Gender Equality, which is a thematic groups at the country level and update key inter-agency forum for the monitoring and of the resource book on gender mainstreaming evaluation of the indicators in the 2030 Agenda. for UNDAFs, UN-Integrated Strategic Frameworks UNFPA’s Division for Human Resources is a and Humanitarian Response Plans at the country member of the UN working group on gender level. It also contributed to the substantive revision parity, which is a priority of the United Nations of other system-wide knowledge tools such as the Secretary-General. UNFPA’s Programme Division UNCT Gender Scorecard and the revised UNDAF participates in the Inter-Agency Coherence Group guidelines. UNFPA continues to co-lead global joint on Strategic Planning, where gender equality is initiatives on gender-based violence and harmful a key dimension. Furthermore, the agency is a practices and will continue to be an active member

30 COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP 4

and chair or co-chair in UNGTGs, joint UNFPA/ Strategic partnerships UNICEF Programmes on abandoning female The Gender Equality Strategy recognizes that genital mutilation, child, early and forced marriage achieving progress on gender equality requires and gender and youth integration programmes. working with others within the UN system Similarly, at the regional level, UNFPA participates (including UN Women, UNICEF, OHCHR, IOM, alongside UN Women and other organizations UNDP, UNDESA, ILO, WHO, UNHCR, UNESCO, in UNGTGs. OCHA and other UN entities) and with civil society, the private sector and Member States, UNFPA is also a co-sponsor of the UNDP/ among others. Over the past two decades, UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special implementation of the ICPD Programme Programme of Research, Development and of Action has required investment in long- Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), standing partnerships, including with civil the main instrument within the United Nations society organizations that can hold governments system for research in human reproduction that accountable, and engagement at the community identifies and addresses priorities for research level, including with women groups — in rural to improve sexual and reproductive health. The as well as urban settings — youth networks, Special Programme conducts specific research on faith-based organizations, community-based gender-based violence and adolescents, supports organizations,organizations of people with and coordinates research on a global scale and disabilities,organizations that engage men and conducts research in partnership with countries to boys, opinion leaders and indigenous populations, provide the high-quality information and evidence among others. UNFPA has mobilized and built needed to guide gender-responsive policies, networks with these key civil society groups approaches and programmes. over the years.

Furthermore, as noted above, UNFPA is the In addition to leveraging partnerships to address global lead organization for gender-based its four gender equality priorites, UNFPA will also violence in emergencies (within the IASC). coordinate and work with partners to address In this role, UNFPA leads coordination of the underlying conditions that impact the achievement global-level gender-based violence AoR of the of gender equality. global protection cluster and leads or co-leads all national gender-based violence “sub-clusters” • Improved economic status of women. This in humanitarian contexts. As a core member of constitutes a direct path towards gender the IASC Emergency Director’s Group, UNFPA equality and women’s empowerment. The acts as the champion for ensuring gender- economic dependency of women and girls based violence issues are on the agenda. As a on men reduces their ability to make their result, Humanitarian Coordination Team ToRs own sexual and reproductive decisions, and Compacts now include as a mandatory item. including exercising safer sex choices and UNFPA works closely with the Office of the protecting themselves from all forms of Special Representative of the Secretary- violence and harmful practices, unintended General for Sexual Violence in Conflict and is a pregnancies and HIV and other sexually founding-member of UN Action against Sexual transmitted infections. Evidence demonstrates Violence in Conflict (UN Action). UNFPA also that increased educational and economic co-chairs the IASC Reference Group on Gender opportunities are closely linked to positive and Humanitarian Action. sexual and reproductive health outcomes

31 = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

among adolescents, including delays in age at boys and girls and the root causes for marriage and childbearing among adolescent these dynamics girls, reductions in experience of gender-based violence and increased use of health services, • planning for free, active and meaningful and reductions in maternal morbidities and participation of women, particularly those from mortality and sexually transmitted infection groups most marginalized, such as rural women, incidence, including HIV. indigenous women and women with disabilities, in all stages of programming • Improved women’s leadership and participation. Addressing barriers to the full and • strengthening accountability for woman’s equal participation of women in the political, human rights by ensuring that gender equality social, economic and cultural spheres of their and women’s human rights are integrated into countries is important in order to promote and domestic legal systems achieve gender equality and empowerment. Gender-sensitive policies that include subsidized • strengthening the capacity of the judiciary, maternity, paternity and parental leave, free police and national human rights mechanisms childcare, equal participation in the labour force, to monitor and provide redress for violations of quality public reproductive health services, women’s rights and supporting disaggregation those that address unpaid care work, equal of data by sex and age. sharing of responsibilities, family-oriented working conditions for parents, tax credits, and social transfers enable women to be active in Joint programmes all spheres and to realize their rights. The organization has a history of developing and implementing joint programmes related to gender Gender equality and human equality with sister agencies, at global, regional and country levels and will continue to do so. This rights is particularly important in view of UN Reform. The human rights obligation to eliminate gender- Joint programmes have been shown to elevate based discrimination against women in order the importance of gender equality on the national to achieve gender equality is at the core of the agendas where they are implemented. Examples of international human rights system. UNFPA’s UNFPA’s ongoing joint programmes follow. programming in support of gender equality is guided by international human rights standards The UN Joint Global Programme on Essential and principles. These include: Services for Women and Girls Subject to Violence. UNFPA and UN Women co-lead this • drawing on the standards and recommendations programme, in partnership with WHO, UNDP and of international human rights mechanisms UNODC to provide greater access to a coordinated (treaty bodies, special procedures and the UPR) set of essential and quality multisectoral services as guidance in elaborating, implementing and for all women and girls who have experienced monitoring gender equality strategies and policies gender-based violence. The programme identifies the essential services to be provided by the health, • identifying and addressing the specific social services, police and justice sectors as well as power dynamics between women and men, guidelines for the coordination of essential services

32 COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIP 4

and the governance of coordination processes to countries for the elimination of female genital and mechanisms. The programme also developed mutilation. Operating since 2008, it is currently and is rolling out service delivery guidelines in Phase III supporting national initiatives in for the core elements of each essential service, sub-Saharan Africa and Arab States. particularly for low- and middle-income countries. The programme is being implemented in more UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate than 40 countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia Action to End Child Marriage. Addressing child and the Pacific and the Arab region. marriage is a part of the gender equality goal within the SDG framework, under Target 5.3 on The Spotlight Initiative to Eliminate Violence harmful practices. In 12 countries17 the programme against Women and Girls. The European Union offers a framework promoting the right of girls (EU) and the UN launched a partnership in to delay marriage, addressing the conditions September 2017 to galvanize political commitment that keep the practice in place and caring for and contribute to achieving the SDGs, specifically girls already in unions. The programme aims at Goal 5 on gender equality. It is co-led by UNFPA, ensuring that all girls fully enjoy their childhood UN Women and UNDP, with contributions from free from the risk of marriage and that they other UN entities, and responds to all forms of experience healthier, safer and more empowered violence against women and girls, with a particular life transitions in control of their own destiny, focus on domestic and family violence, sexual including making choices and decisions about and gender-based violence and harmful practices, relationship formation/marriage and childbearing. femicide, trafficking in human beings and sexual UNFPA and UNICEF have adopted a rights-based and economic (labour) exploitation in Africa, approach to programming and seek to apply a Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and gender lens to work towards gender equality. The the Caribbean. Global Programme works with governments at national and subnational levels, regional bodies UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme to Eliminate engaged in relevant initiatives (African Union and Female Genital Mutilation. Accelerating Change. the South Asia Initiative to End Violence against Part of the global effort to address female genital Children), academic institutions, international and mutilation, the programme plays a strategic and national NGOs, community-based organizations, catalytic role in the abandonment of the practice. It religious communities, faith-based organizations, is the largest global programme providing support the private sector and the media.

17 Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Yemen and Zambia.

33 Monitoring, reporting and 5 evaluation

Reporting and assessing recommendations. This report will be posted on progress the UNFPA Executive Board website as an annex to the Gender Equality Strategy and as part of UNFPA has aligned its Gender Equality Strategy UNFPA’s annual report. with its Strategic Plan. As such, progress towards achieving development results will be measured The consolidated Gender Equality Results against the Plan’s relevant outcomes, outputs and Framework is presented in Annex 1 and mirrors indicators. Furthermore, progress will be measured the results framework of the UNFPA Strategic Plan against the indicators of UN-SWAP, thereby giving 2018–2021. It incorporates 35 indicators in total, UNFPA a comprehensive results and monitoring 18 tracking progress on the four gender equality matrix for the Strategy. priorities, and 9 tracking progress on the gender dimension in programming in other outcomes, and Progress in implementing the Strategy will be 8 tracking progress on organizational efficiency under the oversight of the Gender, Human Rights and effectiveness. and Culture Branch of the Technical Division in collaboration with the UNFPA Evaluation Evaluation Team and in consultation with UNFPA’s network of gender experts, who will prepare a report During 2016, the UNFPA Evaluation Office annually to the Executive Board with regard to commissioned an independent assessment of progress on implementation. The report will the quality of corporate and programme include examples of good practice at the global, evaluations, including a meta-evaluation regional and country levels in highlighting, of 13 programme evaluations against the results from the priority outputs on gender UN-SWAP evaluation performance indicator. equality and an analysis of global, regional and On aggregate, 11 of 13 programme evaluations country level results from the gender marker. The met the requirements of UN-SWAP and two report will be based on the targets and indicators exceeded the requirement. Also, three corporate in the results and monitoring framework of evaluations were quality assessed, including the Gender Equality Results Framework (see against UN-SWAP criteria, and all three Annex 1) and include lessons learned and “approached” the requirements.

34 MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION 5

UNFPA revised and updated the evaluation system UNFPA is planning to undertake an independent to include the systematic assessment of both thematic evaluation in 2019 on its work on gender corporate-level and programme-level evaluations, equality, women’s and girls’ empowerment, supporting the improved use of evaluations for and reproductive rights. This evaluation will be lesson learning and accountability. In addition, the conducted by UNFPA’s evaluation office. Evaluation Quality Assessment grid (EQA grid) now includes criteria on gender equality (criteria The mid-term review of the Strategic Plan provides #7). The criteria are based directly on the the platform to take stock mid-term of the UN-SWAP EPI Scoring Tool, facilitating harmonized implementation of the Gender Equality Strategy, reporting on the integration of human rights and identify challenges and discuss the way forward gender equality in evaluation, and supporting in advancing gender equality and empowerment the capture of good practice in integrating of women and adolescent girls, also taking into gender equality and empowerment of women consideration recommendations from the gender in evaluation. The criteria are as follows. equality evaluation.

• Gender equality and empowerment of women Risks and mitigation is integrated in the evaluation scope of analysis and evaluation indicators are designed in a way UNFPA has identified and assessed risks that may that ensures data related to gender equality and impact on the fulfillment of the Strategic Plan. Risk empowerment of women will be collected. assessment is continuously updated to incorporate new and emerging risks. UNFPA is guided by the • Gender equality and empowerment of women is revised UNFPA Oversight Policy that was approved integrated in evaluation criteria and evaluation by the Executive Board (decision 2015/2, dated questions specifically address how they have been 30 January 2015), in its risk assessment and integrated into the design, planning, implementation management of risks. of the intervention and the results achieved. The full implementation of the Strategy may • Gender-responsive methodology, methods and be adversely affected if funds are unavailable tools and data analysis techniques are selected. or curtailed, or if there are unforeseen staff movements. Close attention to financial and • The evaluation findings, conclusions and human resource planning would help to mitigate recommendations reflect a gender analysis. these risks.

The expanded evaluation quality assessment The risks to achieving expected results on gender system is expected to support the improved equality and empowerment of women and integration of gender equality and human rights in adolescent girls include: evaluation of both corporate-level and programme- level evaluations. An evaluation office survey of • persistence of gender inequality monitoring and evaluation staff at UNFPA in 2016 highlighted limited familiarity by staff in country • persistence of social instability/conflicts/crises offices with United Nations Evaluation Group guidance, including guidance on integrating gender • continued rise of violent extremism and human rights in evaluation — a situation that has since received attention. • unfavourable political environment

35 = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

• shrinking civil society space The mitigation strategies that can be used to reduce the risks to achieving expected results on • austerity measures, making human and financial gender equality and empowerment of women and resources less available adolescent girls include:

• increase in sociocultural and legal barriers • Work to strengthen national human rights protection systems to advance gender equality • higher national human resources turnover and empowerment of women and adolescent girls, and exercise of reproductive rights. • reduced national ownership of the programme • Work to strengthen preparedness and resilience • legislation and policies not implemented to mitigate risks in the aftermath of instability/ conflict/crises/natural disasters. • service providers are not able to reach victims/ survivors • Increase strengthening of partnerships at all levels. • constructive male participation not possible • Increase multisectoral capacity to prevent • persistence of vertical, non-coordinated and address gender-based violence using a programmes among development partners continuum approach in all contexts, with a focus on advocacy, data, health and health systems, • initiatives do not adequately address root psychosocial support and coordination. causes of gender-based violence and harmful practices. • Aim to strengthen response to eliminate harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage, female genital mutilation and son preference.

36 Annexes

Annex 1: The gender equality results framework ...... 38

Annex 2: Key global and regional commitments on gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls ...... 40

Annex 3: Key concepts related to gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls ...... 48

Annex 4: UN-SWAP 2.0 ...... 51

37 = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

ANNEX 1 The gender equality results framework

The Results Framework includes 35 indicators from the UNFPA Strategic Plan 2018–2021, including:

• Eighteen indicators that measure progress on UNFPA’s four gender equality priorities (Outcome 3: Outputs 9 to 12)

• Nine programme output indicators with gender dimensions (Outcome 1, 2, 4)

• Eight output indicators for organizational effectiveness and efficiency (OEE) with gender dimensions, specifically Output 1: Improved programming for results (1.2 to 1.4, and 1.6); Output 2: Optimized management of resources (2.4); and Output 3: Increased contribution to United Nations system-wide results, coordination and coherence (3.1 to 3.4).

38 Some critical assumptions: RESULTS FRAMEWORK • Women’s rights are being additionally affected by the emergence of rising extremism and fundamentalism in many countries STRATEGIC GOAL Gender equality, with a focus on women’s and • Limited social empowerment continues to affect women’s ability to enjoy SRHR adolescent girls’ empowerment in all UNFPA’s Limited investment on resilience-building weakens protection of women and girls from all types of gender-based violence programmatic and intuitional engagements enhanced • Scope of community change innovation impact long lasting attitude on SRHR, depending on the extent of investment UNFPA’s accountability to the UN SWAP • Addressing linkages of gender and demographic dividend from a socio-demographic analysis (migration, urbanization, climate change, protracted crises and on gender equality and empowerment increasingly complex confl ict and population movements) might be helpful in and deliverables enhanced. reaching out to all in need of reproductive health and protection services

OUTCOME 3 OTHER PRIORITIES

OUTPUT 9 OUTPUT 10 OUTPUT 11 OUTPUT 12 Strengthened Advancement capacities on (and support) in Strengthened Strengthened Increased multi-sectoral Strengthened developing gender implementation legal, policy and civil society capacity to prevent response to eliminate responsive data, of international as accountability and community and address gender- harmful practices, gender statistics, well as regional frameworks to advance mobilization based violence using including child, early evidenced-based commitments gender equality and to eliminate a continuum approach and forced marriage, advocacy/dialogues empower women and discriminatory gender in all contexts, with female genital and gender main- girls to exercise their and sociocultural a focus on advocacy, mutilation, streaming to reproductive rights and norms affecting data, health and son preference enable women and to be protected from women and girls health systems, adolescent girls to gender-based violence psychosocial support realize their SRHR and harmful practices and coordination

• Develop technical • Strengthen • Strengthen multi- • Promote • Commission studies • Engage technically at capacity building community sectoral response gender norms on mental health the HQ and regional of UNFPA staff mobilization and to gender-based transformation to implications of social levels on ensuring and implementing male engagement violence address gender norms that SRHR are key partners on the in the prevention of discriminatory in all global policy/ application of all forms of gender- • Engage with other norms, by building • Support collection legislative processes the human-rights based violence and units/thematic the capabilities of and dissemination based approach harmful practices areas to ensure girls and women of reliable data • Strengthen capacity and results-based adequate gender to claim their on gender-based and systems of State management in • Invest in innovation mainstreaming in rights, and enabling violence and harmful Parties and CSOs on all gender related and peer to peer UNFPA’s policies and men and boys to practices the implementation programming engagement for the program deliveries challenge gender of and reporting prevention of all norms and enjoy • Systematically on International forms of gender- more equitable • Address the • Strengthen conduct gender Instruments related based violence and relationships in their inadequacies of protection and SRH budgeting, audit, to women’s and harmful practices, own lives national legislation services for women score cards, FGM, adolescent girls’ and promoting and law enforcement with reproductive CEFM, GBSS and rights mobilization to by supporting the health complications • Strengthen young GBV prevalence utilize available development and related to FGM and people’s innovative surveys services for • Support to implementation of child/unintended engagement on survivors international, culturally-sensitive pregnancies total abandonment • Strengthen regional, national and rights-based of female genital partnerships and and community- • Strengthen policies and plans mutilation and other collaboration with based human rights community-led • Advocate for on gender-based harmful practices, in other UN Agencies, mechanisms engagement on improved economic violence prevention status of women particular adolescent bilateral and and response social norm and girl’s empowerment multilateral donors, behavior change to access their SRHR member states innovation on and civil society, • Promote evidence- harmful practices • Strengthen among others, using based population evidence/results- policies and coordinated, multisectoral approach based advocacy and programmes that accountability contribute towards in preventing the advancing gender occurrence of equality and the harmful practices, • Ensure that empowerment identifying risks, population dynamics of women and and responding analysis of policies, adolescent girls to survivors census, statistics, DHS, MICS adequately captures KEY PARTNERS: gender indicators HQ Gender Networks, Regional Gender Networks, national and community networks (including youth peer and outcomes networks, community groups, women’s groups, men and boys groups, faith-based organizations, and CSOs), UN sister agencies including UNWOMEN, UNICEF, UNDP, WHO, UN Missions, UN Gender Thematic Groups, government line ministries, the private sector, parliamentary members, the media, data gathering and research 39 institutions = UNFPA GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY

ANNEX 2 Key global and regional commitments on gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls

including that of UNFPA. Under this treaty, Key global commitments gender inequality is understood to be the result of The Universal Declaration of discrimination against women. CEDAW calls for Human Rights (1948)1 equality in outcomes rather than simply equality The Declaration was proclaimed by the United in opportunities. Thus, it is not sufficient that anti- Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December discrimination laws are put into place; the state 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a has the obligation to take all necessary steps to common standard of achievements for all peoples ensure that women actually enjoy equality in their and all nations. Article 1 addresses gender equality, daily lives. CEDAW defines discrimination and the as “The freedom and rights expressed in the range of steps that states must take to eliminate it, declaration include the right to equal pay for equal affirms women’s rights in specific areas and makes work, the right to education, the right to health provisions for ratification, monitoring, reporting and the right to participate and influence the and other procedural matters. The optional development of society.” The right that one should protocol includes an inquiry procedure as well not be discriminated against based on gender is as a complaints procedure. An inquiry procedure addressed in Article 2, which reads: “Everyone is enables the Committee to conduct inquiries into entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in serious and systematic abuses of women’s human this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, rights in countries that become States Parties to such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political the Optional Protocol. It is modelled on an existing or other opinion, national or social origin, property, human rights inquiry procedure, article 20 of birth or other status.” the International Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or The Convention on the Elimination of All Punishment. Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Optional Protocol (1979)2 UN Declaration on the Elimination of The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Violence against Women (1993)3 Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) The 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence provides a comprehensive framework to guide against Women (DEVAW) is the first international all rights-based action for gender equality, human rights instrument to exclusively and explicitly address the issue of violence against women. It 1 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_ affirms that the phenomenon violates, impairs or Translations/eng.pdf 2 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ CEDAW.aspx 3 http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/48/a48r104.htm

40 ANNEX 2

nullifies women’s human rights and their exercise are incompatible with the dignity and worth of of fundamental freedoms. The Declaration the human person, and must be eliminated. This provides a definition of gender-based abuse, can be achieved by legal measures and through calling it “any act of gender-based violence that national action and international cooperation in results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual such fields as economic and social development, or psychological harm or suffering to women, education, safe maternity and health care, and including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary social support.” It concludes by proclaiming deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public women’s rights and gender-based exploitation or in private life.” The Declaration further states as legitimate issues for the international that gender-based violence takes many different community. Part I, paragraph 19 concludes forms and is experienced in a range of crisis and that: “The human rights of women should form non-crisis settings. It is deeply rooted in structural an integral part of the United Nations human relationships of inequality between women and rights activities, including the promotion of all men. During conflict, systematic gender-based human rights instruments relating to women. violence is often perpetrated and/or condoned The World Conference on Human Rights urges by both state and non-state actors. It thrives governments, institutions, intergovernmental and on impunity both in times of war and in times non-governmental organizations to intensify their of peace. efforts for the protection and promotion of human rights of women and the girl-child.” Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (1993)4 Convention on the Rights of Persons The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action with Disabilities (2006)5 (VDPA) was adopted by consensus at the World Ratified by 174 parties, the Convention on the Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 in Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) includes Vienna. It draws attention to the importance of 33 core articles that cover all areas of life, from women’s rights and the rights of the “girl-child,” the inherent dignity of all persons with disabilities in Part I, paragraph 18 stating: “The human rights to their right to inclusion in all aspects of social, of women and of the girl-child are an inalienable, political, and economic life. The CRPD adopts a integral and indivisible part of universal human rights-based approach that focuses on ensuring rights. The full and equal participation of women the human rights of persons with disabilities. in political, civil, economic, social and cultural Article 6 recognizes that “women and girls with life, at the national, regional and international disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination,” levels, and the eradication of all forms of and requires State Parties to “take measures to discrimination on grounds of sex are priority ensure the full and equal enjoyment by [women objectives of the international community.” It and girls] of all human rights and fundamental also explicitly recognizes gender-based violence, freedoms.”Article 7 requires States Parties to sexual harassment and exploitation, with Part I, “take all necessary measures to ensure the full paragraph 18 going on to state: “Gender-based enjoyment by children with disabilities of all violence and all forms of sexual harassment human rights and fundamental freedoms on an and exploitation, including those resulting from equal basis with other children.” The Preamble cultural prejudice and international trafficking, and Articles 3, 6, 8, 16 and 25 expressly adopt a

5 https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/conven- 4 http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/ tion-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html vienna.pdf

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gender perspective. Article 16 acknowledges the is to advocate for the world’s leaders to follow gender aspects of violence and abuse, and requires through with their pledges, and encourage an States Parties to ensure “legislative, administrative, affirmative and forward-looking ICPD agenda that social, educational and other measures to protect addresses critical gaps and emerging issues, and persons with disabilities, both within and outside renews and expands nations’ commitments to the home, from all forms of exploitation, violence sexual and reproductive health and rights for all, and abuse, including their gender-based aspects.” beyond the year 2014. Finally, Article 25 recognizes that “persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of Beijing Declaration and Platform the highest attainable standard of health without for Action8 and Beijing Plus 209 discrimination on the basis of disability,” including (1995, 2015) sexual and reproductive health. Adopted by governments at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing Declaration and The International Conference on Platform for Action (PFA) sets forth governments’ Population and Development (ICPD) commitments to enhance women’s rights. (1994)6 and ICPD beyond 20147 The Platform provides a blueprint for women’s The 1994 International Conference on Population empowerment and includes gender analysis of and Development (ICPD) in Cairo was a milestone problems and opportunities in 12 critical areas in the history of population and development, as well of concern and standards for actions to be as in the history of gender equality and women’s implemented by governments, the UN system rights. ICPD delegates reached a consensus that the and civil society, including the private sector. In equality and empowerment of women is a global addition, the Platform provides the first global priority. This issue was approached not only from commitment to gender mainstreaming as the the perspective of universal human rights, but also methodology by which women’s empowerment as an essential step towards eradicating poverty will be achieved. In 2015, the international and stabilizing population growth. A woman’s community reviewed 20 years of progress since ability to access reproductive health and rights is a Beijing to assess how far Member States and cornerstone of her empowerment. It is also critical to other stakeholders have come in implementing sustainable development. the commitments made at the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995. In 2010, a UN General Assembly resolution called for an open-ended extension of the Programme Mainstreaming Gender Equality in the of Action and a review of progress by the General ECOSOC (1997)10 Assembly in 2014. In spite of progress over the The ECOSOC agreed conclusions 1997/2 defined last 20 years, millions of people, especially women gender mainstreaming as: “…the process of assessing and adolescent girls living in poverty, do not have the implications for women and men of any planned their sexual and reproductive health and rights action, including legislation, policies or programmes, fulfilled. The work of the High-Level Task Force in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for

6 http://www.unfpa.org/events/international-conference-pop- 8 http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/ ulation-and-development-icpd BDPfA%20E.pdf 7 http://icpdtaskforce.org/resources/Recur- 9 http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attach- rent-themes-and-key-elements-identified-during-the-ses- ments/sections/csw/59/declaration-en.pdf?la=en&vs=4833 sions-of-the-Commission-on-Population-and-Develop- 10 http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/ECOSO- ment-Report-of-the-Secretary-General.pdf CAC1997.2.PDF

42 ANNEX 2

making women’s as well as men’s concerns and UNGA resolution 56/128 on Ending experiences an integral dimension of the design, Female Genital Mutilation (2008)14 implementation, monitoring and evaluation of This resolution urges member states to condemn policies and programmes in all political, economic and all harmful practices that affect women and girls, societal spheres so that women and men benefit in particular female genital mutilation, and to equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The take all necessary measures, including enforcing ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.” legislation, awareness-raising and allocating sufficient resources to protect women and girls Women, Peace and Security Framework from this form of violence. It calls for special (2011)11 and Commitments (2000, 2008, attention to protect and support women and 2009, 2013, 2015)12 girls who have been subjected to female genital The UN Security Council adopted resolutions that mutilation, and those at risk, including refugee recognize that war impacts women differently and women and women migrants. reaffirmed the need to increase women’s role in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention UNGA resolution 67/226 the and resolutions: UN Security Council Resolutions Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy on Women, peace and security 1325 (2000), 1889 Review (2012)15 (2009) and 2245 (2015); UNSC Resolutions on The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict 1820 (2008), Operational Activities for Development (QCPR) 1888 (2009),2106 (2013), and 2122 (2013). was adopted by the General Assembly on 21 Taken together, the resolutions represent a critical December 2012. It provides intergovernmental framework for improving the situation of women in direction for the UN system’s operational activities conflict-affected countries. for development. The QCPR resolution puts strong emphasis on gender equality and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and empowerment of women in the UN system’s Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially programming, advocacy and policy work at a Women and Children, supplementing national level. the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)13 UN resolution on Child, Early and Forced The protocol was adopted by the United Nations Marriage (2013)16 General Assembly in 2000 and entered into force This is the first-ever resolution on child, early and on 25 December 2003. As of September2017 forced marriage adopted at the Human Rights it has been ratified by 171 parties. This protocol Council, co-sponsored by a cross-regional group of defines the crime of trafficking in human beings over 100 countries, including countries with high and commits ratifying states to prevent and rates of child marriage. It emphasizes the need combat trafficking in persons, protecting and to include child, early and forced marriage in the assisting victims of trafficking and promoting post-2015 international development agenda, and cooperation among states.

14 http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/csw52/AC_reso- lutions/Final%20L2%20ending%20female%20genital%20 11 http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/ mutilation%20-%20advance%20unedited.pdf Strategic_Framework_2011-2020.pdf 15 http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/ 12 https://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/ RES/67/226 Strategic_Framework_2011-2020.pdf 16 https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/up- 13 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Pro- loads/2013/10/HRC-resolution-on-child-early-and-forced- tocolTraffickingInPersons.aspx marriage-ENG.pdf

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recognizes child, early and forced marriage as a which is reflected in an annual report of the human rights violation that “prevents individuals Secretary General to ECOSOC. During the first from living their lives free from all forms of phase from 2014–2017, UNFPA scored second violence” and negatively impacts the “right to highest in the entire UN system. Notable progress education, and the highest attainable standard of took place in the areas of organizational culture, health, including sexual and reproductive health.” evaluation, capacity development, and financial tracking mechanisms (gender marker). UNFPA The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable will implement SWAP 2.0, an updated framework Development (2015)17 for implementation from 2018–2021 which now The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes more challenging criteria and new areas was adopted by all UN Member States in around leadership and refinements to areas such September 2015 and includes a framework of as audit and link to development results. 17 global Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030, with targets and means of implementation. The outcome document Key regional commitments “Transforming our World” was adopted by the Inter-American Convention on the Member States of the UN General Assembly in Prevention, Punishment and Eradication September 2015 and took effect on 1 January of Violence against Women “Convention 2016 to guide policies and decisions over the next de Belém do Pará”(1994)19 15years. Gender equality is a stand-alone goal (Goal Convention of Belém do Pará is an international 5) and mainstreamed in other goals and targets. human rights instrument concluded within the The targets capture key structural constraints to Organization of American States (OAS) that gender equality such as discrimination, violence calls for the establishment in the Americas of against women and girls, harmful practices, unpaid mechanisms for protecting and defending women’s care work, participation in decision-making and rights and for combating violence against women’s sexual and reproductive health and reproductive physical, sexual and psychological integrity, rights. The 2030 Agenda calls for all forms of whether in the public or the private sphere. The discrimination and violence against women and Convention was adopted on 9 June 1994, at the girls to be eliminated, including through the 24th regular session of the General Assembly engagement of men and boys. of the OAS in Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, Brazil, and it entered into force on 5 March UN System-Wide Action Plan on Gender 1995. As at August 2012, it has been ratified by Equality and the Empowerment of 32 of the 35 States of the OAS (Canada, Cuba Women (2017)18 and the United States of America are not parties). UN-SWAP is a UN system-wide, mandatory action The adoption and widespread ratification of the plan for operationalizing gender equality and Convention of Belém do Pará in the middle of the women’s empowerment and accelerating gender 1990s represents a landmark in the struggle to mainstreaming within the UN system that all protect the rights of women, particularly because it UN entities are obligated to implement. UNFPA received more ratifications than any other treaty on annually reports on its UN-SWAP implementation, human rights in the hemisphere and it is the first treaty in history that specifically covers the issue 17 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 18 https://elearning.un.org/CONT/GEN/CS/I_Know_Gender_ (English)/story_content/external_files/M03_S16_16_17_UN_ 19 http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/basic13.Conv%20 SWAP_brochure.pdf of%20Belem%20Do%20Para.htm

44 ANNEX 2

of violence against women. The bodies responsible respect for their life and the integrity and security for overseeing compliance with the Convention are of her person. All forms of exploitation, cruel, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights inhuman or degrading punishment and treatment (IACHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human shall be prohibited…State Parties shall take Rights, both of which are organs of the OAS. appropriate and effective measures.”

SAARC Convention on Preventing and Accra Agenda for Action (2008)22 Combating Trafficking in Women and The importance of gender equality in resource Children for Prostitution (2002)20 allocation was underscored in the 2008 Accra The purpose of this Convention is to promote Agenda for Action (AAA), building on the cooperation among Member States so that they 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. may effectively deal with the various aspects Through the Accra Agenda for Action, developing of prevention, interdiction and suppression of countries and donors commit to ensure that trafficking in women and children, the repatriation their respective development policies and and rehabilitation of victims of trafficking and the programmes are designed and implemented in prevention of the use of women and children in ways consistent with their agreed international international prostitution networks, particularly commitments on gender equality, human rights, where the countries of the SAARC region are the disability and environmental sustainability. The countries of origin, transit and destination. Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation endorsed in 2011 recognizes that Protocol to the African Charter on gender equality and women’s empowerment Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights are critical to achieving development results of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) and agreed to: accelerate and deepen efforts to (2004)21 improve information systems with disaggregating This Protocol defines “violence against women” data by sex, integrate targets for gender equality in Article 1 as all acts perpetrated against women and women’s empowerment in accountability which cause or could cause them physical, sexual, mechanisms and address gender equality psychological, and economic harm, including and women’s empowerment in all aspects of the threat to take such acts, or to undertake development efforts, including peace building the imposition of arbitrary restrictions on or and state building. deprivation of fundamental freedoms in private or public life in peace time and during situations of Council of Europe Convention on Action armed conflicts or of war. The Protocol promises against Trafficking in Human Beings that states will treat sexual abuse and violence (2008)23 against women in times of conflict or war as war The Convention aims to: prevent and combat crimes or crimes against humanity (Article 11.3). all forms of human trafficking, including sexual Article 4 is devoted to the topic of violence against exploitation and forced labour; protect and women, stating “Every woman shall be entitled to assist victims and witnesses of trafficking; ensure effective investigation and prosecution and promote international cooperation against 20 http://un-act.org/publication/south-asian-associa- tion-for-regional-cooperation-saarc-convention-on-preventing-and-combating-trafficking-in-women-and-children-for-prostitution-2002/ 22 http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/45827311.pdf 21 http://www.achpr.org/files/instruments/women-protocol/ 23 https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/ achpr_instr_proto_women_eng.pdf conventions/treaty/197

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trafficking. In particular, the Convention requires Pacific Regional Action Plan on Women, national coordination measures, awareness raising, Peace and Security (2012–2015)26 measures to identify and support victims and a The Regional Action Plan, launched in 2012, “recovery and reflection period” during which provides a framework at the regional level for trafficked persons will not be expelled from the Forum Members and Pacific Territories to enhance receiving state. The forms of exploitation covered women and young women’s leadership in conflict by the Convention are, at a minimum, sexual prevention and peacebuilding, mainstream gender exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery in security policy-making, and ensure women and or practices similar to slavery, servitude and the girls’ human rights are protected in humanitarian removal of organs. crises, transitional contexts and post-conflict situations. It also sets out a regional mechanism Council of Europe Convention on that will support regional and national efforts. Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence Regional Action Plan to End Child (Istanbul Convention) (2011)24 Marriage in South Asia (2015–2018)27 The Convention was adopted by the Council of The RAP commits SAARC member states to Europe Committee of Ministers on 7 April 2011. It end child marriage. It recognizes child marriage was opened for signature on 11 May 2011 on the as a human rights violation and takes a holistic occasion of the 121st Session of the Committee of approach to ending child marriage including: an Ministers in Istanbul. Following its 10th ratification increase in the minimum age of marriage to 18 by Andorra on 22 April 2014, it entered into force for boys and girls; access to quality education; on 1 August 2014. The Convention is based on the increased mobilization of religious and community understanding that violence against women is a leaders and the collection of new and existing form of gender-based violence that is committed evidence. against women because they are women. It is the obligation of the state to fully address it in all its The African Union Agenda 2063 – forms and to take measures to prevent violence “The Africa We Want” (2015)28 against women, protect its victims and prosecute Agenda 2063 of the African Union was adopted by the perpetrators. Failure to do so would make it the the Heads of State and Government of the African responsibility of the state. The convention leaves Union (AU) at their 24th Ordinary Assembly no doubt: there can be no real equality between External in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 30 to 31 women and men if women experience gender- January 2015. It is a strategic framework for the based violence on a large-scale and state socioeconomic transformation of the continent agencies and institutions turn a blind eye.25 over the next 50 years. It builds on and seeks to accelerate the implementation of past and existing continental initiatives for growth and sustainable development. Gender equality is mainstreamed in all the seven African Aspirations. These are: A Prosperous Africa, based on inclusive growth and

26 https://www.peacewomen.org/peacewomen.org/rap-pacific 24 https://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/home 27 https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/wp-content/ 25 https://www.coe.int/fr/web/conventions/full-list/-/ uploads/2018/01/RAP_Child_Marriage.pdf conventions/rms/090000168008482e 28 http://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/pdf/au/agenda2063.pdf

46 ANNEX 2

sustainable development; An integrated continent, ASEAN Regional Plan of Action on the politically united, based on the ideals of Pan Elimination of Violence against Women Africanism and the vision of Africa’s Renaissance; (ASEAN RPA on EVAW)30 An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect ASEAN RPA on EVAW reaffirms Member States for human rights, justice and the rule of law; A international commitments to ending gender- Peaceful and Secure Africa; Africa with a strong based violence including under the Convention cultural identity, common heritage, values and on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination ethics; An Africa whose development is people against Women (General Recommendation driven, relying on the potential offered by people, No. 19), the Beijing Declaration and Platform especially its women and youth and caring for for Action and United Nations Security Council children; and An Africa as a strong, united, resilient Resolutions 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1889 (on and influential global player and partner. Women, Peace and Security). The aims of the RPA are to institutionalize policies to eliminate violence African countries aspire to achieve Gender Parity against women and develop sustained support by 2020 in public and private institutions, remove across pillars and sectors and for ASEAN member all forms of gender discrimination in the social, states to have effective prevention and protection cultural, economic and political spheres and services supported by an adequate national mobilize a concerted drive towards immediately legal framework and institutional mechanisms ending child marriages, female genital mutilation to eliminate violence against women. and other harmful cultural practices that discriminate against women. By 2063, African countries aspire to gender equality in all spheres of life, ending discrimination and gender-based violence.

ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP) (2015)29 ACTIP was signed by the member states of ASEAN in November 2015. It aims to establish a legal framework for the ASEAN region to effectively address the issue of people smuggling and trafficking. Likewise, it demonstrates the political will and commitment of the ASEAN Member States to protect the victims of trafficking, as well as prevent and combat trafficking in persons within the region.

30 http://www.Asean.Org/storage/images/2015/ november/27th-summit/ascc_documents/asean%20 regional%20plan%20of%20action%20on%20 29 http://asean.org/asean-convention-against-trafficking-in- elimintation%20of%20violence%20against%20 persons-especially-women-and-children/ womenadopted.Pdf

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ANNEX 3 Key concepts related to gender equality and empowerment of women and adolescent girls

Gender transformative approach Millennium Development Goals and the Beijing A gender-transformative approach in programming Platform for Action. The ultimate goal is to create implies that promoting gender equality — the conditions for ownership and sustainability of shared control of resources and decision-making — development programmes and to ensure change and women’s and girls’ empowerment are central from within, especially in the areas of women’s to an intervention and programme. It means empowerment and the promotion of reproductive that while working to meet the main objectives health and rights. of the programme, the approach also helps challenge underlying, harmful gender norms and Continuum approach stereotypes in the process. In the context of sexual The continuum approach aims to bridge and and reproductive health for example, a gender- harmonize interventions in development and transformative approach entails not only improving humanitarian settings. Every woman and girl women’s access to key services including maternal is at increased risk of experiencing gender- health care and family planning services, but also based violence during a crisis. When a crisis helping communities understand and challenge the hits, gender inequalities, marginalization and social norms that perpetuate inequalities between exclusion deepen. At the same time, women’s men and women. It also involves engaging men roles and responsibilities often intensify with and boys in ways that address their sexual and repercussions for their own security, health reproductive health and rights while supporting and well-being. Many women and girls lack women’s and girls’ sexual and reproductive health access to vital services during an emergency, and rights including their decision-making in especially to life-saving sexual and reproductive the process.31 health services, which further increases their vulnerability to gender-based violence. The Culturally sensitive approach numbers of disasters and complex emergencies From within the framework of the human have increased globally, and demographic changes rights-based approach, cultural sensitivity is a and ongoing challenges associated with climate programming strategy that helps policymakers and change, conflict and population movements make development practitioners to analyze, understand traditional delineations between “humanitarian” and utilize positive cultural values, assets and and “development” programming less and structures in their planning and programming, less applicable. To minimize risks, as well as to so as to reduce resistance to the ICPD PoA, the reinforce national and local systems, there’s a high need for a “continuum approach”.

31 http://evidenceproject.popcouncil.org/technical-areas-and- activities/gender-transformative-approaches/

48 ANNEX 3

Gender any planned action, including legislation, policies Gender refers to the array of socially constructed or programmes, in any area and at all levels. It is roles and relationships, personality traits, a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power concerns and experiences an integral dimension and influence that society ascribes to the two in the design, implementation, monitoring and sexes on a differential basis. Whereas biological evaluation of policies and programmes in all sex is determined by genetic and anatomical political, economic and societal spheres so that characteristics, gender is an acquired identity women and men benefit equally and inequality is that is learned, that changes over time and that not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve varies widely within and across cultures. Gender gender equality. is relational and refers not simply to women or men but to the relationship between them. Gender parity Gender parity refers to having equal numbers of Gender equality men and women at all levels of the organization. Gender equality entails the concept that all human It must include significant participation of both beings, both men and women, are free to develop men and women, particularly at senior levels. their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes, rigid gender Gender-based violence roles, or prejudices. Gender equality means that Gender-based violence is any act that results the different behaviours, aspirations and needs in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or of women and men are considered, valued and psychological harm or suffering to women, girls, favored equally. It does not mean that women boys, men, gay men and other men who have and men have to become the same, but that their sex with men and transgender people, including rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary depend on whether they are born male or female. deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in Gender equality concerns men as well as women. public or private life. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition Human rights-based approach for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred This is a conceptual framework for the process sustainable development. of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards Gender equity and operationally directed to develop the Gender equity means fairness of treatment for capacity of rights-holders to claim their rights women and men, according to their respective and duty-bearers to fulfill their obligations. needs. This may include equal treatment or It seeks to analyze inequalities that lie at the treatment that is different but considered heart of development problems and redress equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, obligations discriminatory practices and unjust distributions and opportunities. A gender-equity goal often of power that impede development progress. requires built-in measures to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages of women. Violence against women and girls Violence against women and girls is the act that Gender mainstreaming results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process or psychological harm or suffering to women and of assessing the implications for women and men of girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or

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arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring context where this ability was previously denied in public or private life. to them. UNFPA defines women’s empowerment through five major components: women’s sense of Women’s empowerment dignity; their right to have and determine choices; Empowerment implies women’s taking control their right to have access to opportunities and over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining resources; their right to have the power to control skills, increasing self-confidence, solving problems their own lives, both within and outside the home; and developing self-reliance. It is both a process and their ability to influence the direction of and an outcome, which implies an expansion in social change to create a more just social and women’s ability to make strategic life choices in a economic order.

50 ANNEX 4

ANNEX 4 UN-SWAP 2.0

UN-SWAP 2.0 is organized in two sections. The • The requirements for the Performance Indicators first focuses on gender-related SDG results, and on Evaluation, Audit and Coherence have been includes the new performance indicators on results strengthened. as well as the oversight functions of evaluation and audit. The second includes the existing and • UN-SWAP 1.0 Performance Indicator on revised indicators from UN-SWAP 1.0, and a new Programme Review has been merged into the indicator on leadership. The following changes new UN-SWAP 2.0 Performance Indicator on have also been made to existing UN-SWAP 1.0 Programmatic Results. based indicators based on five years of experience and for purposes of rationalization. • There is now a separate Performance Indicator on Equal Representation of Women in Staffing, which was previously part of the Gender Architecture and Parity Performance Indicator.

Key components of UN-SWAP 2.0 include: Gender-related Sustainable Development Goal Institutional strengthening to support results achievement of results

1. Commitment to gender-related SDG results 6. Policy 2. Reporting on gender-related results 7. Leadership 3. Programmatic results on gender equality and 8. Gender-responsive performance management empowerment of women 9. Financial resource tracking 4. Evaluation 10. Financial resource allocation 5. Audit 11. Gender architecture 12. Equal representation of women 13. Organizational culture 14. Capacity assessment 15. Capacity development 16. Knowledge and Communication 17. Coherence

51 Ensuring rights and choices for all since 1969

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