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Helminth Parasites of Capelin, Mallotus Villosus, (Pisces: Osmeridae) of the North Atlantic

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Helminth Parasites of Capelin, Mallotus Villosus, (Pisces: Osmeridae) of the North Atlantic Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 51(2), 1984, pp. 248-254 Helminth Parasites of Capelin, Mallotus villosus, (Pisces: Osmeridae) of the North Atlantic J. PALSSON1 AND M. BEVERLEY-BURTON Department of Zoology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada ABSTRACT: Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from the North Atlantic (Newfoundland waters, Grand Banks and Ice- landic waters) were examined for helminths. The following were recorded: Monogenea—Gyrodactyloides pe- truschewskii, G. andriaschewi, and Laminiscus gussevi; Digenea—Derogenes various, Hemiurus levinseni, and Lecithaster gibbosus (D. various and H. levinseni are new host records); Cesloidea—Eubothrium parvum (adult), Diphyllobothrium sp(p)., plerocercoids (new host record[s]), other larval pseudophyllideans, and a larval tetra- phyllidean; Acanthocephala—Echinorhynchus gadi (new host record); Nematoda—Anisakis simplex, Contra- caecum sp., and Hysterothylacium sp. (all third-stage larvae). Capelin, Mallotus villosus (Miiller), is known Environment Canada research vessels, using either an to be an important food source for many marine otter or a midwater trawl; inshore samples in purse fishes, particularly cod (Winters and Carscadden, seines, and beach-spawning samples by castnet or dip- net. 1978), as well as marine mammals (Sergeant, For the purpose of obtaining helminths for identi- 1963, 1973). In recent years, however, the de- fication, capelin (mostly inshore samples) were ex- velopment of large commercial capelin fisheries amined while fresh. Other animals (mostly offshore in the North Atlantic, in both Newfoundland and samples) were fast-frozen as soon as possible after cap- ture. Icelandic waters, as well as in the Barents Sea Fish were examined using standard helminthological has led to a decline in the number of available procedures; helminths collected and location within fish. the host were recorded. Monogenea were fixed and Despite the importance of capelin in the North prepared as described by Palsson and Beverley-Burton Atlantic ecosystem and as a commercially valu- (1983); specimens of Lecithaster gibbosus and adult Cestoidea were fixed in hot AFA (alcohol-formalde- able species, little is known about its parasite hyde-acetic acid) (80-90°C) and stained in aceto-car- fauna, and most studies that cover the whole mine in the routine preparation of whole mounts. Oth- spectrum of helminth parasites have been done er Digenea, Acanthocephala, and larval Cestoidea, all by Soviet authors on fish taken in the Barents from frozen fish, were fixed in cold AFA and stained as above. Nematodes, also from frozen fish, were pre- (Polyanski, 1955) and Bering seas (Zhukov, 1960, served in 70% ethanol with 5% glycerol, cleared by 1963). Larval nematodes and one cestoidean evaporation of the ethanol, and mounted in glycerol. species are the only helminths that have been Measurements were made and drawings prepared previously reported from capelin from the North with the aid of a camera lucida and are expressed, Atlantic (Templeman, 1948; Winters, 1970). unless otherwise stated, in mm with the mean followed by the range in parentheses. Thus, the purpose for the present study was to Representative specimens of the Monogenea de- make a comprehensive collection of the hel- scribed by Palsson and Be verley-Burton (1983) have minth parasites of capelin from the Northwest been deposited previously in the United States Na- Atlantic in order to provide a guide to identifi- tional Museum Helminthological Collection, Belts- ville, Maryland (Nos. 77100-77102). Voucher speci- cation. Quantitative data and complete listings mens of the remaining helminths have also been of the geographic localities will be published sep- deposited in the above collection (Nos. 77658-77669). arately, together with a discussion of their po- tential use in stock discrimination. Results Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae Materials and Methods Gyrodactyloides petruschewskii Capelin collected from various localities in the Northwest Atlantic from November 9, 1979 to July 2, Bykhovskil, 1947 1981 were mostly taken in the spawning season (May- GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: Northwest Atlantic July) of each year: offshore samples were caught from (Newfoundland waters, Middle Cove 47°39'N, 52°41'W) and Icelandic waters (63°40'N, 1 Present address: Hafrannsoknastofnun, Skulagata 22°28'W). 4, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. LOCATION ON HOST: Gills. 248 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 249 REMARKS: Originally described from capelin Hemiurus levinseni Odhner, 1905 taken in the Barents Sea by Bykhovskii (1947), GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: Northwest Atlantic G. petruschewskii was redescribed by Palsson and (Newfoundland waters, Placentia Bay 46°20'N, Beverley-Burton (1983). It has been found on 54°50'W and Bonavista Bay 48°31'N, 53°30'W). capelin in the Okhotsk Sea (Bykhovskii and Po- LOCATION IN HOST: Stomach. lyanskii, 1953) and Bering Sea (Zhukov, 1960); REMARKS: H. levinseni has not previously been additional hosts—herring (Clupea harengus pal- reported from capelin, thus, this is a new host lasi) see Zhukov (1960) and Kulachkova (1974); record. The specimens from capelin are mor- Dolly Varden (Salvelinus mabnd) see (Zhukov, phologically similar to those described by Odhner 1960). (1905). Measurements (body 0.99 [0.74-1.26] long by 0.25 [0.12-0.42]; transverse diameter of Gyrodactyloides andriaschewi oral and ventral suckers 0.13 [0.10-0.18] and Bykhovskii and Polyanskii, 1953 0.12 [0.09-0.18] respectively; eggs 24 [22-26] GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: As above. /im by 13 [10-14] jim) are less than those pre- LOCATION ON HOST: Gills. sented by Odhner (1905) and Linton (1940), but REMARKS: Originally described from capelin most fall within the ranges given. taken in the Barents and Okhotsk seas by By- khovskii and Polyanskii (1953), G. andriaschewi Lecithaster gibbosus (Rudolphi, 1802) was redescribed by Palsson and Beverley-Burton Luhe, 1901 (1983). It has been found on capelin in the Bering GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITY: Northwest Atlantic Sea (Zhukov, 1960). (Newfoundland waters, Conception Bay 47°24'N, 53°08'W) and Icelandic waters. Laminiscus gussevi LOCATIONS IN HOST: Stomach and intestine. (Bykhovskii and Polyanskii, 1955) Palsson and Beverley-Burton, 1983 REMARKS: Because of considerable variation in internal anatomy, there is difficulty in differ- GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: As above. entiating L. gibbosus from L. confusus Odhner LOCATION ON HOST: Gills. (1905). In addition, the morphometrics of the REMARKS: This species was originally de- two species are similar. Odhner (1905) charac- scribed from capelin in the Barents Sea by By- terized the two species as follows: khovskii and Polyanskii (1953) and was reported L. gibbosus—seminal vesicle dorsal to and not from capelin in the Bering Sea (Zhukov, 1960). extending beyond the ventral sucker posteriorly. Palsson and Beverley-Burton (1983) redescribed Lobes of ovary round (about as wide as long), gussevi and transferred it from Gyrodactyloides lobes of vitellarium elongate. Eggs 25-27 /im long. to the newly proposed genus Laminiscus. L. confusus—seminal vesicle extending be- yond, or located completely posterior to, ventral Digenea: Hemiuridae sucker. Lobes of ovary elongate, similar in shape Derogenes various (Miiller, 1784) to the lobes of the vitellarium. Ovary smaller Looss, 1901 than vitellarium. Eggs 15-17 /on long. GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: Northwest Atlantic In the present specimens (which had not been (Grand Banks 44°22'N, 49°57'W and Newfound- frozen) the lobes of the ovary were rounded, the land waters, Middle Cove 47°39'N, 52°41'W). lobes of the vitellarium were elongate (up to twice LOCATIONS IN HOST: Stomach and intestine. as long as wide) and the seminal vesicle extended REMARKS: D. varicus has not previously been behind the ventral sucker: a combination of char- reported from capelin, thus, this is a new host acters which, according to Odhner (1905), does record. The specimens from capelin are mor- not occur. Overstreet (1973), who dismissed the phologically similar to those described by Odhner location of the seminal vesicle as a significant (1905). Measurements (body 1.35 [0.79-1.92] diagnostic character, recognized both L. gibbosus long x 0.34 [0.25-0.45]; transverse diameter of and L. confusus, but Naidenova (1974), who oral and ventral suckers 0.14 [0.10-0.18] and considered the differentiation between the species 0.27 [0.18-0.35] respectively; eggs 52 [47-57] unreliable, reduced L. gibbosus and L. confusus jum by 31 [28-34] /nm) are similar to those pro- to subspecies: L. gibbosus gibbosus with eggs over vided by Rees (1953) and Overstreet and Hoch- 20 ^m long from northern waters and L. gibbosus berg(1975). confusus with eggs less than 20 /urn long from Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY southern waters. However, the separation of the 53°05'W and Bonavista Bay 48°31'N, 53°30'W) two taxa on the basis of egg size has been found and Icelandic waters (63°40'N, 22°30'W). problematic as the range of egg lengths of the LOCATIONS IN HOST: Stomach wall (encysted) present material (19-22 Mm) and that of L. con- and lumen of stomach. fusus (15-23 Mm) published by Overstreet (1973) REMARKS: Larvae measured 6.48 (4.85-12.54) overlap. long, and 0.41 (0.30-0.58) in maximum width Therefore, at the present time we regard L. across scolex, which has two well-developed gibbosus and L. confusus as valid species and, bothria. No trace of internal organs was visible. based on the shape of the lobes of the ovary and vitellarium, the specimens from capelin (which Diphyllobothrium sp. Plerocercoid II measured 1.38 [0.70-2.00] long x 0.42 [0.21- GEOGRAPHIC LOCALITIES: Northwest Atlantic 0.64] wide; transverse diameter of oral and ven- (Grand Banks 45°28'N, 49°53'W and Newfound- tral suckers 0.13 [0.07-0.19] and 0.21 [0.11-0.34] land waters, Middle Cove 47°39'N, 52°41'W). respectively; eggs 21 [19-22] »m x 14 [12-15] LOCATION IN HOST: Intestine.
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