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Revisión Del Género Sacciolepis (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) En Sus Aspectos Taxonómicos, Histofoliares Y Filogenéticos

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Revisión Del Género Sacciolepis (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) En Sus Aspectos Taxonómicos, Histofoliares Y Filogenéticos Tesis Doctoral Revisión del género Sacciolepis (Poaceae: panicoideae: paniceae) en sus aspectos taxonómicos, histofoliares y filogenéticos De Gennaro, Diego 2011 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: De Gennaro, Diego. (2011). Revisión del género Sacciolepis (Poaceae: panicoideae: paniceae) en sus aspectos taxonómicos, histofoliares y filogenéticos. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: De Gennaro, Diego. "Revisión del género Sacciolepis (Poaceae: panicoideae: paniceae) en sus aspectos taxonómicos, histofoliares y filogenéticos". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2011. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales REVISIN DEL GÉNERO SACCIOLEPIS (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE: PANICEAE) EN SUS ASPECTOS TAXONMICOS, HISTOFOLIARES Y FILOGENÉTICOS Tesis presentada para optar al ttulo de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el rea Ciencias Biolgicas Diego De Gennaro Director de tesis: Osvaldo Morrone Director Asistente: Ana Mara Cialdella Consejero de Estudios: Viviana Andrea Con alonieri Lugar de trabajo: Instituto de Botnica Darwinion (IBODA). Buenos Aires, 2011 REVISIN DEL GÉNERO SACCIOLEPIS (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE: PANICEAE) EN SUS ASPECTOS TAXONMICOS, HISTOFOLIARES Y FILOGENÉTICOS RESUMEN El género Sacciolepis perteneciente a la tribu Paniceae fue segregado del género Panicum por Nash en 1901. Hasta el momento sus especies fueron tratadas en floras regionales o en re,isiones parciales del género en América -frica Asia y Australia. El prop.sito de este traba/o es reali0ar una re,isi.n taxon.mica completa del género acompa1ada de un detallado an2lisis histofoliar y filogenético. Para lle,ar a cabo la re,isi.n taxon.mica se estudiaron e/emplares de herbario pro,enientes de instituciones de Argentina y del extran/ero. Como resultado se reconocen 23 especies se proporciona una cla,e para identificar los taxones descripciones detalladas de las especies ilustraciones de los caracteres de importancia taxon.mica sinonimia actuali0ada y lectotipificaciones cuando fue necesario. 5as especies de Sacciolepis se hallan distribuidas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de -frica 6continente en donde se halla m2s representado7 Asia Ocean8a y América. Por otra parte los estudios histofoliares re,elaron 3 tipos anat.micos9 mes.filo xer.filo e hidr.filo y corroboraron la naturale0a fotosintética C3. Asimismo se estudiaron los microcaracteres de la lemma de los antecios superiores caracteri02ndose Sacciolepis por la presencia de micropelos y cuerpos de s8lice y en menor frecuencia de agui/ones. También se obser,aron antecios superiores estipitados caracter8stica no,edosa para el género. El an2lisis filogenético re,el. que Sacciolepis constituye un grupo monofilético sustentado por una serie de sinapomorf8as que difieren de los caracteres considerados diagn.sticos del género 6gluma superior sacciforme y pan8cula espiciforme7. Palabras cla,e9 Sacciolepis Poaceae taxonom8a estudios histofoliares filogenia REVIEW OF GENUS SACCIOLEPIS (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE: PANICEAE) IN THEIR TAXONOMIC, HISTOFOLIAR AND PHYLOGENETIC FEATURES. ABSTRACT The genus Sacciolepis belongs to the tribe Paniceae and was segregated from the genus Panicum by Nash in 1901. Sacciolepis has only been taxonomically re,iewed in regional floras 6América Africa Asia and Australia7. The purpose of this work is to accomplish a complete taxonomic re,ision of the genus including detailed phylogenetic and anatomical analyses. In order to perform the taxonomic re,ision herbarium specimens from argentinean and foreign herbaria were studied. As a result 23 species are recogni0ed and a key to identify the different taxa detailed descriptions of the species ilustrations of characters with taxonomic ,alue updated sinonimy and lectotypifications when necessary are pro,ided. The species of Sacciolepis are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa 6where this genus shows the richest di,ersity of species7 Asia Oceania and America. Moreo,er anatomical studies re,ealed 3 different histofoliar types9 mesophytic xeric and hydrophytic and corroborated the C3 photosynthetic nature. Microcharacters of the lemma in the upper anthecia were also studied showing that Sacciolepis is characteri0ed by the presence of microhairs and silica bodies and less frequently hooks. Stipitate upper anthecia were also obser,ed a no,el feature for the genus. The phylogenetic analysis re,ealed that Sacciolepis is a monophyletic group supported by a number of synapomorphies other than those characters usually considered diagnostic to the genus 6saccate upper glume and spiciform panicle7. Key words9 Sacciolepis Poaceae taxonomy hitofoliar studies phylogeny. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero expresar mi m2s profundo agradecimiento a m8 querida familia9 Mirta Daniel y 5ucio por su gran amor contenci.n cari1o y comprensi.n en este tramo de mi ,ida. A por sobre todas las cosas a Dios que me permiti. recorrer este camino del cual he aprendido much8simas cosas y las cuales o/ala me permita aplicar en la pr.xima etapa. A mis directores de tesis Os,aldo Morrone y Ana Cialdella por haberme guiado tan pacientemente en el desarrollo de este traba/o. Al director del instituto Darwinion Fernando Buloaga por haberme brindado desde el primer momento un lugar agradable de traba/o facilit2ndome siempre todo lo necesario para lle,ar a cabo mi tesis. A los chicos del Darwinion los que generaron siempre un ambiente cordial para que mi estad8a resulte agradable y enriquecedora. A Diego Salariato por su amistad y gran predisposici.n en ayudarme en todos los aspectos que me resultaron conflicti,os del cual aprend8 muchas cosas. Al personal técnico de biblioteca Erika Cerner y 5iliana Mallo el cual siempre se mostr. siempre muy atento y colaborador a la hora de rastrear publicaciones de dif8cil acceso. A todo personal cient8fico y técnico estable del Darwinion el cual siempre se mostr. muy amable y gentil con mis necesidades personales y cient8ficas. Al CONICET y a la Agencia por la Beca Doctoral otorgada por medio de la cual se ha podido lle,ar a cabo esta in,estigaci.n. CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIN GENERAL 1 CAPÈTULO 1: ESTUDIO TAXONMICO , Introducci n - Objetivos 1. Materiales y Métodos 1. Resultados 14 Bibliografa 1.2 Apéndice 1: lista de especies aceptadas y sin ni os 142 Apéndice 2: aterial exa inado citado por colector 140 CAPÈTULO 2: ANATOMÈA FOLIAR 1,2 Introducci n 1,. Objetivos 1,, Materiales y Métodos 1,, Resultados 1,0 Discusi n y Conclusi n 2., Bibliografa 24. Apéndice 1: lista de especies estudiadas 240 CAPÈTULO 3: ANTECIOS 2,0 Introducci n 2,1 Objetivos 2,2 Materiales y Métodos 2,2 Resultados 2,2 Discusi n y Conclusi n 2,, Bibliografa 2,1 Apéndice I: lista de especies estudiadas 2-1 CAPÈTULO : AN!LISIS FILOGEN"TICO 2-4 Introducci n 2-, Objetivos 2-0 Materiales y Métodos 2-0 Resultados 200 Discusi n y Conclusi n 200 Bibliografa 22- Apéndice I: lista de especies estudiadas 210 Apéndice 2: lista de caracteres .12 Apéndice 3: atriz de datos .1- CONCLUSIONES FINALES .22 REVISI N DEL GÉNERO SACCIOLEPIS INTRODUCCI N GENERAL */530%6$$* / (&/&3"- REVISI N DEL GÉNERO SACCIOLEPIS INTRODUCCI N GENERAL 5as gram8neas 6Poaceae7 comprenden ca. 10.000 especies 6Campbell 198EF Kellogg 2000 20017 reunidas en aproximadamente 700 géneros 6Catson H Dallwit0 1992F Clayton H Ren,oi0e 198I7. 5as gram8neas constituyen uno de los grupos m2s di,ersos del reino ,egetal y es la quinta familia en importancia teniendo en cuenta el nJmero de géneros y especies después de las Asteraceae Orchidaceae Fabaceae y Rubiaceae pero se distinguen por su importancia econ.mica. Dentro de los principales culti,os utili0ados por el hombre las gram8neas ocupan un lugar preponderante por constituir la base en su composici.n alimenticia. Entre los principales alimentos se destacan los cereales 6p. e/.9 ma80 arro0 trigo etc.7 utili0ados en forma directa por el hombre y las especies forra/eras que son utili0adas para la alimentaci.n del ganado ,acuno o,ino etc. los que constituyen la principal fuente de carnes y otros productos alimenticios que consume el ser humano 6Soderstrom H Calder.n 1979F Heywood 198EF Hilu 198EF T0,ele, 1989F Kellogg 2000 20017. 5as gram8neas son plantas cosmopolitas 6Chase H 5uces de Febres 1972F Soderstrom H Calder.n 1974F Clayton 197EF Dahlgren H Clifford 1982F Heywood 198EF T0,ele, 19897 distribuyéndose desde el c8rculo polar 2rtico hasta el ecuador y desde cumbres monta1osas hasta el ni,el del mar. Di,ersos autores 6Soderstrom H Calder.n 1974F Campbell 198EF Hilu 198EF Kellogg 20017 concluyen que constituyen aproximadamente el 20-4EM de la cobertura ,egetal de la tierra. Muy pocas formaciones ecol.gicas carecen de gram8neas y muchas como las estepas sabanas y praderas est2n dominadas por ellas 6Chase H 5uces de Febres 1972F Soderstrom H Calder.n 1974F Heywood 198E7. 5os pastos se pueden distinguir segJn la estructura de su embri.n fruto y polen. El embri.n posee un meristema apical y radicular notorio ho/as y un sistema ,ascular desarrollado 6Kellogg H 5inder 199EF Kellogg 20007. El fruto es también Jnico en la familia se caracteri0a por ser una cariopsis dado que posee el tegumento de la semilla generalmente fusionado a la pared del fruto 6Kellogg 2000F GPCG 20017. El polen s.lo presenta una apertura 6uniaperturado7 carece de poros 6que resultan t8picos de otras familias9 Restionaceae Anarthriaceae Flagullariaceae y Noin,illeaceae7 y posee canales internos en la cubierta de exina 65inder H Ferguson 198E7.
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