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The Health of Canada's Children: a CICH Profile

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The Health of Canada's Children: a CICH Profile DOCUMENT RESUME ED 447 900 PS 028 972 AUTHOR Kidder, Karen; Stein, Jonathan; Fraser, Jeannine TITLE The Health of Canada's Children: A CICH Profile. Third Edition. INSTITUTION Canadian Inst. of Child Health, Ottawa (Ontario). ISBN ISBN-0-919747-56-6 PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 348p.; Special contributions by Graham Chance. AVAILABLE FROM Canadian Institute of Child Health, 300-384 Bank Street, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Y4, Canada. Tel: 613-230-8838; Fax: 613-230-6654; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.cich.ca. PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents; Child Development; *Child Health; *Children; Demography; Disabilities; Family Structure; Foreign Countries; Incidence; *Mental Health; Poverty; Public Policy; Social Indicators; Trend Analysis; *Well Being IDENTIFIERS *Canada; Indicators ABSTRACT This report of the Canadian Institute of Child Health (CICH) is the third to document indicators of the health and well-being of children and youth in Canada. The report is presented in 10 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the demographic situation in Canada and introduces the key areas. Chapters 2-5 profile successive stages in child development: pregnancy and infancy, preschool, school age, and youth. Chanter 6 details information on the health and well-being of Aboriginal children and youth. The next four chapters document issues that confront children and youth and their families: income inequity, mental health, disability, and children's environmental health. Each of the data chapters begins with an introduction highlighting the key findings and ends with a guest expert commentary synthesizing findings and recommending action. Two types of charts are provided in each chapter:(1) determinants of health and well-being; and (2) health outcomes. Each chapter also includes explanatory text boxes to provide a brief synopsis of an important issue or offer necessary background information. In addition, areas in which data are needed are identified. Chapter 11 concludes the book with discussions of policy implications, including the issue of entitlements versus privileges. (Contains 240 references.) (KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. d d U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office at Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) NyINThis document has been reproduced as ecewed from the person or organization originating it .1 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality wadi Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy ;rrii, .40.1111 ( 14.1 r.r( PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Krt.\ e,r 0 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 A A JEST COPY AVAILABLE A C I C H. PR OF I L E The Healthof Canada's Children Third edition Researched and Prepared by: Marketing and Ms. Karen Kidder, M.A. Production Supervision: Mr. Jonathan Stein, M.A. Ms. Kim Tytler Ms. Jeannine Fraser, MA., M.B.C.S. English Editing: Special Contributions by: John Owens Communications Dr. Graham Chance, F.RC.P. (Lond), (C) French Translation: New Avenue Linguistic Services Executive Director: Ms. Dawn Walker, RN. French Editing: Andre Lapointe Communications Inc Graphic Design: Ms. Lyne St. Charles Ms. Jan Soetermans (Design and Production) Ms. Sylvie Lalonde (Charts) Mr. Bohne Forsberg (Illustrations) CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH 3 The HealthofCanelda Children The Canadian Institute of Child Health is a national non-profit organization dedicated to improving the overall health and well-being of children and youth in Canada. The Institute relies entirely on grants, donations and revenue from publications to support and advance its work. To obtain copies of The Health of Canada's Children: A CICH Profile, 3rd Edition, please contact: Canadian Institute of Child Health 300-384 Bank Street Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Y4 Phone: (613) 230-8838 Fax: (613) 230-6654 By email: [email protected] Internet: www.cich.ca Copyright © 2000 Readers are free to reprint parts of this publication as background for conferences, seminars and classroom use with appropriate credit to the Canadian Institute of Child Health. Citation in editorial copy for newsprint, radio and television is permitted. However, all other rights are reserved and therefore no other use will be permitted in whole or in part without written permission from the Canadian Institute of Child Health. ISBN 0-919747-56-6 Printed in Canada Ce livre est aussi disponible en francais sous le titre: La sante des enfants du Canada: Un profil de l'ICSI, 3e edition ISBN 0919747-58-2 (French) This publication does not necessarily represent the views and opinions of Health Canada or the funders or individuals who collaborated in the process. 4 The Health a C a ;I ad A 0 F C 0 Tableof Contents Message from the Executive Director and the Chairperson of the Board of Directors Page VI Acknowledgements Page VII Message from the Chairperson of the National Advisory Group Page XI Introduction Page XVII Our Vision Page XVIII The History of The Health of Canada's Children: A CICH Profile Page XVII/ The Process Page XVIII How to Read This Book Page XVIII/ The Data Page XXI The Charts Page =II/ Guiding Principles Page XXIII/ In Condusion Page XXV Chapter 1 Overview page 1 Highlights Page 2/ Population Page 4/ Family Structure Page 81 Work and Family Page 13/ Disruptions in Family Life Page 141 Disability Page 17/ Income Inequity Page 18/ Children's Environmental Health Page 201 Hospitalization and Death Page 21 Chapter 2 Pregnancy, Birth and Infancy page 25 Highlights Page 26/ Fertility Page 28/ Life Expectancy at Birth Page 31/ Infertility and the New Reproductive Technologies Page 31/ Prenatal Circumstances Page 33/ Maternity Care Page 34/ Family Leave Policies Page 35/ Birth Weight Page 35/ Congenital Anomalies Page 40/ Infancy Page 41/ General Health Page 41/ Breastfeeding Page 42/ Immunization Page 451 Injury, Illness and Death Page 46/ Safety Page 46/ Hospitalization Page 46/ Cancer Page 49/ Infant Death Page 49/ Commentary by Ms. Ann Schulman Page 54 Chapter 3 The Preschool Years page 57 Highlights Page 58/ Determinants of Healthy Development Page 601 Parents Page 60/ Immunization Page 60/ Child Care Page 611 Programs for Children Page 64/ Early Brain Development Page 66/ Health and Well-Being Outcomes Page 66/ Injuries Page 68/ Chronic Illness Page 70/ Cancer Page 71/ Hospitalization Page 71/ Death Page 74/ Commentary by Dr. Ray DeV. Peters Page 77 Chapter 4 The School Age Years page 79 Highlights Page 80/ Determinants of Health Page 821 Parenting and Family Life Page 82/ Education Page 83/ Healthy Habits Page 85/ Safety Page 91/ Social and Sexual Health Page 94/ Health and Well-Being Outcomes Page 961 Injuries Page 98/ Cancer Page 100/ Hospitalization Page 101/ Death Page 105/ Commentary by Senator Landon Pearson Page 110 TheHealthof tana3a's Children A 0 C 0 N T S Chapter 5 Youth page 111 HighlightsPage112/The Youth PopulationPage114/ Determinants of Health and Well-BeingPage 115/Civic ResponsibilityPage115/ ExercisePage120/ Sexuality and Body ImagePage121/ Risk Behaviours Page123/ "Street Youth" and Sexually Exploited YouthPage128/ Health and Well-Being OutcomesPage131/ Reproductive HealthPage131/ InjuriesPage135 HospitalizationPage136/ DeathPage138/ Commentary by Dr. Roger TonkinPage141 Chapter 6 Aboriginal Children and Youth page 143 Introduction by Schuyler WebsterPage144/ Vision StatementPage144/ How To Read This ChapterPage146/ Glossary of TermsPage149/ PopulationPage150/ Family StructurePage154/ Child CarePage154/ Pregnancy, Birth and InfancyPage155/ PreschoolPage159/ School AgePage 160/YouthPage 162/Chronic Disease and DisabilityPage 166/ Housing Security and Food SafetyPage169/ DeathPage 172/Commentary by Mr. Kenn RichardPage 176 Chapter 7 Income Inequity page 177 HighlightsPage 178/Child Poverty in International ContextPage180/ PerceptionsPage180/ How Many Poor ChildrenLivein CanadaPage181/ Determinants of Health and Well-BeingPage185/ Income and Social Supports Page185/ Housing and Food SecurityPage188/ Poor NeighbourhoodsPage 190/ Family LifePage191/ Health and Well-Being OutcomesPage192/ Healthy Babies Page192/ InjuriesPage193/ Behavioural OutcomesPage194/ Commentary by Dr. David RossPage197 Chapter 8 The Mental Health of Children and Youth page 199 HighlightsPage200/ Determinants of Mental HealthPage202/ The ChildPage202/ The FamilyPage205/ The Community and SocietyPage212/ Mental Health OutcomesPage214/ Clinical Mental Health ProblemsPage218/ Challenges to Mental HealthPage223 / Commentary by Dr. David OffordPage225 Chapter 9 Children and Youth with Disabilities page 227 HighlightsPage228/ Activity Limitations and Chronic ConditionsPage232/ Difficulty HearingPage234/ Determinants of Health and Well-BeingPage234/ Social and Economic ConditionsPage234/ Health and Social ServicesPage238/ Educational SuccessPage241/ Health BehavioursPage242/ Health and Well-Being OutcomesPage244/ General HealthPage244/ Illness and InjuryPage246/ Commentary by Dr. Sharon Hope IrwinPage248 6 IV The Healthof Canada's:!: Children C 0 Chapter 10 Children's Environmental Health page 251 Highlights Page 252/ The Global Environment Page 257 / The Interactive Environment Page 265/ The Special Susceptibility of Children Page 284/ Perceptions Page 289/ Commentary by Dr. Trevor Hancock Page 292 Chapter 11 Policy Implications page
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