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Carlos Martín Llatas Pérez

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Carlos Martín Llatas Pérez UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Caracterización dendrológica del género Virola Aublet (Myristicaceae) y observaciones morfológicas de las plántulas, en el bosque nacional Alexander Von Humboldt, Ucayali-Perú. Tesis para optar el Título de INGENIERO FORESTAL Carlos Martín Llatas Pérez Lima- Perú 2009 ACTA DE SUSTENTACIÓN DE TESIS Los Miembros del Jurado que suscriben, reunidos para calificar la sustentación del Trabajo de Tesis, presentado por el ex-alumno de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Bach. CARLOS MARTÍN LLATAS PÉREZ, intitulado "CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DEL GÉNERO VIROLA AUBLET (MYRISTICACEAE) Y OBSERVACIONES MORFOLÓGICAS DE LAS PLÁNTULAS, EN EL BOSQUE NACIONAL ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT, UCAYALI-PERÚ.". Oídas las respuestas a las observaciones formuladas, lo declaramos: con el calificativo de En consecuencia queda en condición de ser considerado APTO y recibir el título de INGENIERO FORESTAL. La Molina, 6 de Octubre de 2009 ···"D~:·p~~q;·Aiill1car.zevanü8'I>üilliü············· Presidente .........B~~:·Ki~'isab'eY"Maiiia'Nüiaiica········· ·· · · · · · · · · "B¡g: ·M~~~~J~·~ 'Fiüre's 'i>illleüte1· ·· · · · · · · Miembro Miembro ............. n~:·c~i~~·R"eYiieYR.üctrigüez ........... Patrocinador ii RESUMEN Se realizaron observaciones morfológicas a las plántulas Virola pavonis y V. sebífera en el bosque Alexander Von Humboldt de la Estación Experimental Agraria Alexander Von Humboldt del Instituto para la Innovación Agraria, Pucallpa, Ucayali-Perú. La metodología seguida para las observaciones morfológicas de las plántulas se basó en el estudio de regeneración natural de árboles tropicales propuesta por DIAZ Y RIOS (1993) y en la terminología botánica de VOZZO (1996) y PROCOPIO (2005). Simultáneamente para el mismo ámbito de estudio se describió dendrológicamente a los árboles adultos de las especies del género Virola. La descripción dendrológica se basó en formularios dendrológicos propuestos por RIOS (1990), DIAZ (1991) y ALEXIADES (1996). Adicionalmente se utilizó el Análisis Multivariado como herramienta estadística para el análisis de la morfometría foliar de las especies estudiadas. Fueron cuatro las especies encontradas en el área del bosque Alexander Von Humboldt: Virola pavonis, Virola sebifera, Virola calophylla y Virola peruviana. Como resultados se obtuvo las observaciones morfológicas de V. pavonis en sus tres estadíos de desarrollo: cotiledones, protófilo y metáftlo. De V. sebifera se realizó observaciones generales de las plántulas encontradas en el bosque natural. Por otro lado, para la correcta identificación de los árboles adultos se elaboraron descripciones dendrológicas para cada una de las cuatro especies, el gráfico del Análisis Multivariado dentro del estudio de morfometría foliar y dos claves de identificación dendrológica, una basada en fuste, corteza y hojas y la otra solamente en hojas y ramitas. V ÍNDICE Página DEDICATORIA ................................................................................................................................................. III AGRADECIMIENTOS ........................................................................................................................................ IV RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................................................ V ÍNDICE ............................................................................................................................................................ VI LISTA DE CUADROS ....................................................................................................................................... VIII LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................................................................................................................... IX 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA TAXONOMÍA DE LAS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO VIROLA (MYRISllCACEAE) ......................... 4 2.1.1 Características de la Familia Myristicaceae ................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Características del Género Virola ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Características de las especies del género Virola ......................................................................... 8 2.2 DENDROLOGÍA Y TAXONOMÍA DE PLANTAS .................................................................................................... 11 2.3 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE REGENERACIÓN NATURAL. ............................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Interés y estudio de plántulas ....................................................................................................12 3. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ......................................................................................................................18 3.1 INFORMACIÓN DEL ÁMBITO DE ESTUDI0 .......................................................................................................18 3.1.1 Ubicación .................................................................................................................................18 3.1.2 Cfima .......................................................................................................................................19 3.1.3 Zona de vida y tipo de bosque ...................................................................................................20 3.1.4 Fisiografía ................................................................................................................................20 3.1.5 Suelos ...................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 METODOLOGÍA .....................................................................................................................................21 3.2.1 Antecedentes ...........................................................................................................................21 3.2.2 Procedimiento ..........................................................................................................................21 3.3 MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS ...........................................................................................................................29 3.3.1 Materiales ...............................................................................................................................29 3.3.2 Equipos ....................................................................................................................................29 4. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ....................................................................................................................31 4.1 CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE PLÁNTULAS ............................................................................................31 4.1.1 Virola pavonis "Cuma/a Blanca" ............................................................................................. .31 4.1.2 Virola sebífera "Cuma/a amarilla" ........................................................................................... .37 4.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN DENDROLÓGICA DE ÁRBOLES ADULTOS DEL GÉNERO VIROLA ........................................................41 4.2.1 Descripción dendrológica ..........................................................................................................41 4.2.2 Modificaciones de raíces y espesor de corteza de tronco ............................................................. 66 4.2.3 Determinación del color de resina ............................................................................................. 70 4.2.4 MORFOMETRÍA FOLIAR ............................................................................................................ 72 4.3 CLAVE DE IDENTIFICACION DENDROLÓGICA PARA LAS ESPECIES DE VIROLA AUBLET EN EL BOSQUE ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT BASADA EN FUSTE, CORTEZA Y HOJAS ....................................................................................................................91 4.4 CLAVE DE IDENTIFICACION DENDROLÓGICA PARA LAS ESPECIES DE VIROLA AUBLET EN EL BOSQUE ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT BASADA EN HOJAS Y RAMITAS .............................................................................................................................92 S. CONCLUSIONES .....................................................................................................................................93 vi 6. RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................................................................95 ANEX01 ......................................................................................................................................................102 FICHA DE EVALUACION PARA LAS PLÁNTULAS DEL GÉNERO VIROLA ............................................................ 102 ANEX02 ......................................................................................................................................................104 FICHA DE EVALUACION DE ÁRBOLES
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