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Phase Ia Archaeological Assessment of the North Campus Parcel of the St PHASE IA ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NORTH CAMPUS PARCEL OF THE ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL EAST CAMPUS Prepared For: General Services Administration National Capital Region 301 7th Street SW Washington, D.C. 20407 January 2010 PHASE IA ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NORTH CAMPUS PARCEL OF THE ST. ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL EAST CAMPUS Prepared For: General Services Administration National Capital Region 301 7th Street SW Washington, D.C. 20407 Prepared By: Paul P. Kreisa, PhD, RPA and Jacqueline M. McDowell, MA Paul P. Kreisa, PhD, RPA Principal Investigator Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. 6110 Frost Place Laurel, Maryland 20707 In Cooperation With: Jones Lang LaSalle 2000 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20006 January 2010 Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The General Services Administration is considering the North Campus parcel of St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus in Washington, D.C., for the potential construction of federal agency office space and associated parking. At present, several potential alternatives for the use of the North Campus parcel are being considered. Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. was contracted by the General Services Administration National Capital Region to conduct an initial assessment of the impact of this proposed federally-sponsored undertaking upon archaeological resources. The initial assessment included historical and archaeological background research, a field visit to the North Campus parcel, the creation of a model of archaeological site potential, and recommendations for additional identification-level investigations. Based on this research, the North Campus parcel has a moderate to high probability for the presence of archaeological resources. There appears to be a moderate to high potential for Historic period resources, dating to the period before and after the federal acquisition of the property, and a moderate potential for Prehistoric Native American resources, in the western one-half of the North Campus parcel. The eastern one-half of the property has largely been impacted by the use of the area as a fly-ash landfill. However, a small area along the eastern boundary of the North Campus parcel appears not to have been disturbed by land-fill related activities. This area has a moderate to high potential for the presence of prehistoric Native American resources. Based on the potential to retain prehistoric Native American and Historic period archaeological resources, a Phase I archaeological survey of those portions of the property not adversely impacted by previous land usages is recommended. Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. i Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. ii Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel TABLE OF CONTENTS Page MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Proposed Undertaking ..........................................................................................................1 1.2 North Campus Parcel Description .......................................................................................1 1.3 General Settig.......................................................................................................................3 2.0 ASSESSMENT METHODS ......................................................................................................9 2.1 Background Research ..........................................................................................................9 2.2 Survey Methods ...................................................................................................................9 2.3 Area of Potential Effects ......................................................................................................9 3.0 PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC CONTEXTS .....................................................................11 3.1 Prehistoric Context.............................................................................................................11 3.2 Historic Context .................................................................................................................21 4.0 SURVEYED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ..............................................................35 4.1 Previous Archaeological Investigations .............................................................................35 4.2 Archaeological Resources ..................................................................................................41 5.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ...................................45 5.1 Prehistoric Native American Site Potential .......................................................................45 5.2 Historic Period Archaeological Site Potential ...................................................................46 5.3 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................47 6.0 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................49 7.0 REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................................51 APPENDIX A: QUALIFICATIONS OF KEY PERSONNEL .....................................................61 Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. iii Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. iv Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Alexandria and Anacostia 7.5-minute USGS quadrangles with St. Elizabeths Hospital North Campus parcel depicted ................................................................................2 2. North Camus parcel of St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus ...............................................3 3. 2005 aerial photograph with the North Campus parcel depicted ..........................................4 4. Map of East Campus buildings mentioned in text ................................................................5 5. Maryland and Washington, D.C., physiographic provinces ..................................................6 6. Mapped soils within the North Campus parcel .....................................................................7 7. Regional prehistoric chronology of the Washington, D.C., area ........................................12 8. Smith map of 1624 depicting Nacotchtank .........................................................................20 9. Hienton (1972) map of colonial Maryland land patents with St. Elizabeths patent depicted .....................................................................................................................23 10. 1861 Boschke map with the North Campus parcel depicted ...............................................25 11. 1865 map of the Defenses of Washington with the North Campus parcel depicted ...........26 12. 1873 Eastman map with the North Campus parcel depicted ...............................................28 13. 1878 Hopkins map with the North Campus parcel depicted ...............................................29 14. 1898 15-minute USGS quadrangle with the North Campus parcel depicted ......................30 15. 1903 Baist map with the North Campus parcel depicted ....................................................31 16. 1927 Sanborn Fire Insurance map with the North Campus depicted ..................................32 17. 1945 Anacostia 15-minute USGS quadrangle with the North Campus parcel depicted .....................................................................................................................33 18. 1960 Sanborn Fire Insurance map with the North Campus parcel depicted .......................34 Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. v Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. vi Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Archaeological sites within 1 mile of St. Elizabeths Hospital North Campus parcel .........42 Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. vii Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. viii Phase IA Archaeological Assessment North Campus Parcel 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Phase IA Archaeological Assessment has been prepared to evaluate the effects of the proposed construction of office space and associated parking for federal agencies within the North Campus parcel of St. Elizabeths Hospital East Campus. Currently, several options, differing in the number and size of buildings and parking facilities, and their placement within the North Campus parcel, are under consideration. This report constitutes part of broader environmental studies for the project being conducted by the National Capital Region of the General Services Administration. The approach used for this Phase IA archaeological site assessment was based on guidelines provided in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeological and Historic Preservation (Federal Register 1983) and the Washington, D.C., Historic Preservation
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