I 1978 THE ROBERT A. TAFT INSTITUTE SEMINAR OF GOVERNMENT REPORT THE UNIVERSITYI![. ··-··· OF TOLEDO.. · . . __ l Vol. 6 Political Seminars for Teachers Sponsored b Taft Institute

The University of Toledo was one of 36 U.S. 'universitiesthat were given grantsby ·the RobertA. Taft Institute of Government to conduct a seminar in practical politics for schoolteachers. Taft Seminars on the American political system are organized for social studies teachers who teach classes in eivjcs or government in elementary or secondary schools. Participants for the 1978 seminar at the University came from · Ohio, Michigan 1µ1dIllinois. , . Taft Seminars are concerned with helping teachers erihance their un­ derstanding of where decisions are made in government, who makes them and the responsibilities that individual citizens The have for selecting the people who will Taft Seminar was the first meeting· held in the· University's make decisions for them in the' city new Continuing Education Center. Congressional aide Jerry Brown councils,state legislatures and Congress. and John .Gillespie discuss the politics involved in the legislative I process. As Taft Fellows, teachers are given a chance to go beyond the. current in­ During the past summer, more than Five professors froµi the three formation on bow politicsand government 1,000elementary and high school teachers universities (Ohio Wesleyan, Heidelburg, wor)(. Supplying the information is a spent two, three ·and up to six weeks and U'.J') and a high school social studies uniquefaculty. confronting both the theoretical aspects teacher gav.e academicinput. · and the practical realities of the American 'Of the 35 lecturers,, 10 made their first At The University of Toledo, 24 ex­ two-partysystem. appearance at a Taft Seminar. Eight were perienced politicians joined six PQlitical As with •all Taft Seminars at 36 there for their second time. Two lecturers scientists and two professional newsmen � universities throughout the UnitedStates, ·were former Taft Fellows-one a mayor to make up the TaftFaculty. In frank give­ the central source of learning at The and one a school official-to discuss how and-take sessions, the teachers listened to University of Toledo's Seminar was · a the Taft-Seminar works in practice. and questioned Republican and large group of political experts. Elected In lively, give-and-take sessions. for two Democratic party leaders from local to Republican officials included a state weeks, six hours a day, the teachers and national political arenas. The teachers senator, a state representative and a politicians talked about how American ,also had opportunity to probe the former state representative, a judge and democracy works. They shared political viewpoints of judges, political writers and · two city councilmen. Elected Democratic experiences. They studied the essential campaign managers. officials were a U.S. Congressman, a state roles of -the Democratic and Republican · The focus throughout each session was attorneygeneral, a state treasurer, a state parties. They discovered the importance on ways to bring politics into the · representative, a school board chairman, of a strong two-party system. 1tey classroom and to help young people un­ two city councilmen and three mayors searched for new ways to make classroom derstand the values of democracy and the (Toledo, Rossford, and Fremont). teaching convey the reality of a working role of the individual citizen in the Other partisan politicians included a government whose success is tied to in­ , Americansystem. ' Republican assistant secretary of state, a· volved citizens. This was the sixth time The University Republican party state chairman and both · of Toledo was sel�cted to offer a Taft a Democrat and Republican party county· Taft Seminar teachers gained · more Seminar. ' chairman. Two congressional aides, two insight into the potential of American At Taft Seminars, teachers and lobbyists, a newspaperman, a TV an­ democracy and political-experts �arnered politicians meet, often for the first time. chorman, a campaign manager. a public­ more insight into the role, of: teachers. The result is new excitement in many relations man, and a pollster were also on Together, they ·explored ways to teach· classrooms thr�ughoutthe nation. the program. citizenship responsibility. Taft Seminar At UT _TheRobert A. Taft Institute of Governmentwas foundedin 1961 as a non-partisan, non-profit, tax-exempteducational corporation operating under a charter granted by the Board of Regents of the Stateof New York. It conducted itsfirst pilot Taft Seminar in 1963. . When The University of Toledo first offered a seminar in 1968, the numberof seminarsbad increasedto 16. Thisyear the number scheduledhad doubled to 36 held inuniversities fn 30 states. A Taff Seminar incorporates a variety of learning experienc�s. Sessions include lectures, panel discussions, education film and videotapes,question and answer dialogues, field trips, curriculum -­ material and technique demonstrations, and socializing of faculty

and Taft Fellows. Class meetings are dynamic and candid as . political leaders and social studies teachers probe and analyze the Steve Doerner, chairman of The University of Toledo's political political process. science department,discussed "Americ� Democracyand Political Assigned reading for each day's subject is required of the Parties" at one seminarsession. teachers. This year they read Constitutional Government in the American Setting by Richard H. Leach, Party Leadership in the States by Robert J. . . Huckshom, The PoHtics of Delegate Selectlon--Similarltles and Differences by Arthur J. Peterson, The Use ofPolls in Political Campaigns by Richard G. Independent Voters_Erode Parties, Smolka, Who Votes and Why by Schley R:Lyons and William J. Mc­ Coy� County Chairmen Tell Seminar

Now it is the Democratic party that is Mr. Brennan told the audience that Cl�se contact with leaders who mad� the politicalsystem work losing_ members to the growing bloc of political parties recruit candidates for is a strong motivating force for teachers to develop a teaching independent voters, local chairmen of the apparently hopeless contests even if it approach for use in their classrooms that will be stimulating, two politicalparties agreed. means drafting "a meatball for cannon exciting and practical for their students. As one of the James Brennan, Republican county fodder" because the opposition candidate requirementsfor earninggraduate credits,each Taft Fellowmust chairman,and William Boyle, Democratic could die before the election. Inany case, county chairman, jointly addressed the be said it is good strategy to � down the develop a teachingunit that willbe used when the teacher returns RobertTaft political seminar. favori� by making him campaign" so be- to bis classroom. can't be helping other candidates get _ Indicating that the situation offers hope elected. And, be added, by not defaulting In addition to the Taft Institute, supporj; for the Seminar came for GOP candidates, Mr. Brennan in any race a party can force the op­ from The University of Toledo, Taft Fellows and the Seminar reported thatthe national trendof voters position to expend manpower and money shunning political affiliation, which up and down the slate instead of con­ faculty. The Institute provided all · the instructional materials, plunged the GOP into minority party cen�tingresources on a few races. -· dormitory housing, meals, faculty expenses, staff salaries, status, now is eroding Democratic ranks publicity and other operating costs and tuition for the par­ here. Fund raising for a county chairman, he ticipants. The University provided meeting rooms and use of said, is a "demeaning chore" whereby the instructional materials: It also-_ provided fpr videotaping the Mr. Brennan disclosed that voter chairman is forced· to spend a \ --- - _,. · · · ·· -- registration in Lucas Gounty...m,,w,i& 31 .fi. disproportionateamount of time "begging sessions. , - percent Democratic, 18.5 percent nickels and dimes." Contributors willing Each Taft Fellow paid a $50participation fee: The guest faculty Republican and 49.9 percent independent­ to give directly to a candidate feel, that "if gave generouslyof their time. with the GOP strength apparently they give to the party it gets lost in the stabilized, while the Democrats' per­ shuffle."This attitude, he said, means that· centageis dropping. money is a very, very tough thing for a · While not disputing the figures, Mr. political party to come by." Boyle contended that toomuch can beread Seminar Features Women Leaders into the drift of Democrats into the ranks of independents. "People are not voting in Women speakers played an important GertrudeW. DoDJibey,Ohio Treasurer of primaries," Mr. Boyle said, agreeing with Mr. Brennan that "half of the voters want part in making the 1978 Taft Seminar an State, and the Democrats' most popular exciting learning experience for teachers vote-getter, appeared for the first time at no -part in selecting candidates." Mr. '78 Ohio Election from Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. The Universityof Toledo's Seminar. Boyle conceded that there is a trend Sandy Isenberg,a memberof the Toledo _ among voters toward independence,but he Sets Apportionment said independencetilts toward his party. City Council and a member of the Ohio Marilyn Chelstrom, president of ·the Democratic state central committee, Robert A. Taft Institute of Government, "There is no such thing as an in­ Ohio Republican Party Chairman Earl discussed the role of the partyat the state spoke to the Seminar participants.It was level. her sixth visit·to .U,.eUT campus. She has dependent voter," Mr. Boyle said. L. Barnes told Taft Seminar participants Irma L. Karmol, a Republican member spoken at five seminars and attended the "Everyone_ leans toward one political that what a state party organization does of the Ohio General Assembly and a premiere of 'three films on practical party." Many so-called independents, be between elections is vital to future suc­ candidate for reelection to a third term, said, "are really Democrats who don't cess. hi the last two general elections a politics producedat a Taft Seminar. governorand a president were electedby a made her second appearance at the Taft want to get involved as Democrats." He Seminar. said that those independentsreceiving the differenceof one vote perprecinct inOhio. Democrats' sample ballot listing party It is important,therefore, to builda strong endorsements in 7i percent of the cases organizationat the precinctlevel. vote for the endorsees. This means voters As state chairman, Mr. Barnes was still l_ook to the parties for guidance, Mr. elected by the party's state central Boylesaid. committee.He said his most difficult and timeconsuming activity was fund raising. In other rema.rks,Mr. Boyle said: Every year there are elections in Ohio While many of his party's local of­ either at the city or the county and state ficeholders "are content to be where they levels.- are," there may be a traffic jam with six or eight candidates if, as rumors have it, . He stated the party organization is Congressman Thomas L. Ashley declines autonomous and not subject to control by to seek re-election two years fJ'.Qm now. thenational party, just as the countyparty Mr. Boyle referred to rumors that the organization acts independently of the congressman may accept a high federal state organization. While there are office at some point in the future. A philosophical differences between the crowded primary, Mr: Boyle said, would Republican and Democratic parties, Mr. create problems for him, and that's why lfe , Barnes said the state party should not said he hoped that Mr. Ashley will continue narrowly, define goals and principles, for

J to run as long as he is party chairman. this would limit the base of the party. Teachers can get young persons in­ volved by registering studentsto v.ote. Any The 1978 general electionis a crucial one registered voter can actas a regfstrar to for the Republicans in Ohio for victors will enroll any person who will be 18 by Nov. 7, decide the apportionment of the state Mr. Boyle pointed out. He said that there is based on the 1980census. Mr. Barnes said a detectable drop-off now with college _it is imperative for his party to win at least students becoming interested in politics, two of the three contests for governor, Many of the Seminar speakers attracted media coverage. Ohio losing interest after leaving the campus, auditor and secretary of state, for these and · regainin that interest when they three officials will control the a� SS _ � Republican Party Chairman• Earl L• , Barnes_ bolds a pre con marry, acqwre property, and become portionment board and set the pattern for ference at the"" Taft S�mmar. concernedwith taxes. legislative membershipfor a decade. " Page2-· Ta�t President Is Outstandi- ng" 'Educator Marilyn C:helstrom's Influence ·Felt By Thousands 01 Students

Marilyn Chelstrom, president of the education falls to provide even a lobbyists do, what the press does,and the From teacher reaction, she believesthat Robert A. Taft Institute of Government, theoretical overviewof the political world bow and why of political polls. Most im­ after attending a Seminar teachers can has directed the operation of tbe and the school systems do not require portant,Taft Seminardiscussions focus on communicate a more · comprehensive educational organization since it started background in political science courses, the citizen'srole, and teacherslearn from understanding of the American political - conducting seminars in practical politics even for social studies teachers,teachers t:alkingwith thepoliticians that individuals system and can stimulate their students - for social studies teachers 15 years ago. cannotbe totallyeffective in educating for really can have something to say in the toward_more productive lives as political Her fund-raising results in supporting ci�enship responsibility.And that is why politicalprocess." leaders and followers. "We believe the seminarsat 36 universitiesthroughout the we are working with teachers," the In­ TaftSeminars are an importantelement in United States. Each year the Institute stitutepresident added. Miss Chelstroriimakes it a point to visit this revitalizationprocess-and that is why must raise $750,000to maintain programs· . most seminars every summer iri order to we are working withteachers," she said. at the current level. Miss Chelstrom said many teachers get input from participating teachers. She The requirement she places on seminar. come to the Taft Seminars with negative has visited 300Taft Seminars on 75 college Eleven thousand elementary and high directors to maintain high academic feelings aboutgovernment and politicians, and university campuses in 38 statesover school teachers have taken part in Taft quality along with a practical content for with little understanding of the i:ole of the past. 15 years, and has talked with Seminars; eleven thousand political ex­ the � insures that .th'e teacher political parties,or the meaning of a two­ thousands of participating teachers. She pertshave made up theTaft facultiessince partlc!pants _ r�ceive a - first-class party system, and a beliefthat politics is has found that the seminars are in great -1963. Eleven hundred teachers were educational expenence. for an elite few. demand and only a portionof theteachers chosen for the 1978 Taft seminars and ----- "Their attitudes change, however, as who apply each year can be ac­ about the same numberof Republican and �3'111• they proceed through the seminar- commodated. Democratic party leaders, elected of­ - meeting, listening to, and questioning one She observed that social studies ficials, and other political experts served political practitioner after another. In teachers become excited to teach about as the teachersof the_ teachers during the fact, the effect upon the teachers, many of politics, in addition to the history and 1978 pr�. whom arrive at the Taft Seminars having structure of government. They develop a · never met a political party leader or an more positive understanding of the The Taft Institute does not operate from elected official, is electric. Politicians, politician at a Seminar and come away an endowment fund so Taft Trustees and previously known only through the megi.a, with a sense of efficacy that heightened Miss, CheJstrom must seek contributi_ons become real people. their confidence in their government and from individuals, corporations and "Teachers get excited about politics," itsleaders. foundationseach year to fund the growing she said, "and go back to their classrooms Taft political education program. after a Seminar highly motivated to make their teaching of government and the political system come alive for their students. "It is surprising that our system works as well as it does when polls show that more people are unaffiliated than are enrolled in either the Republican or Democratic parties. Too few people un­ derstand that political parties make it Marilyn Chelstrom possible for Americandemocracy to work. Teachers are no exception. "While we- expect that children will " - learn in school how to become effective "MarilynChelstrom is one of America's and resP,Onsible citizens, most teachers great educators," according to Dr. John are not· ·adequately prepared to deal Gillespie, political scientist at 1be knowledgeablywith the two-partypolitical Universityof Toledo. "Whenone considers process. The Taft Institute is helping the eleven thousand teachers who have them·. ,. £ - ,. been given grants to attend a university Taft President Chelstrom and level seminar in political science and in � "At Taft Seminars,the emphasis is on ·university of Toledo Seminar turn the innumerable students who have_ practical politics," she explained. "Taft Director John Gillespie at the Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial in received improvedclassroom teaching as teachers talk with the political experts Fremont. a consequence of the Taft Seminar, her about bow candidates are selected, why influencehas beenincalculable." politicalparties are needed,bow politicsis financed, bow campaigns are run, what I • The Institute president has been in­ '78 TAFT FELLOWS volved in political education since her undergraduate days at the University of Minnesota.Upon receiving her degree,she BruceW. Barnes Akron,Ohio becamea staffmember of the Minneapolis John J_. Booth Sylvania,Ohio Citizens Committee on Public Education. MaryAnne Burns - Toledo,Ohio .. She was a delegate tothe 1955 WhiteHouse · JohnE. Carden Youngstown,Ohio Conference on Education and served as MarvinFeilhardt Toledo,Ohio vice-chairman of the -Minnesota Women DavidFry West York,ill. for Humphrey in 1954. She maintained a Beatrice Greenberg Toledo,Ohio close friendship with Senator Hubert Donald Gring . Toledo,Ohio Humphrey and his family since hei;college Rick R. Haddix Fostoria, Ohio days. James B.King Sylvania,Ohio MissChelstrom joined the newly fonne4 Ella H.Llchtenwald Fayette,Ohio RobertA. Taft Instituteof Government in Bethel M. Lorenzen Toledo, Ohio 1962 and served as program-director until LewisE:- Miller Tiffin,Ohio 1965 when she becameexecutive director. Valerie M. Myers - Bellevue, Ohio In 1978 she was made president of the Mary Mondville Toledo, Ohio organization. Edith EllenOrlandi Fostoria,Ohio In talking with people in the media, JamesE. I corporatelife and politics,Miss Chelstrom Raudabaugh Ottawa,Ohio is often asked why the Taft Institute J. Richard Rulon Cedarville,Ohio concentrates its effort on teachers. Her Jean Ryan Tol�o,Ohio answer is simple, "What is going on in the Shirley J. San­ nation's classrooms today will have a delands DesPlaines, Ill. profound impact on the vitality,even the Paula Schaffner Fayette, Ohio-, viability, of the Americanpolitical system Carol G. Shaw Southfield,Mich. tomorrow." RobertE. Swinehart Van Wert,Ohio The Taft Trustees understand clearly Harold J. TenBroek GrancfRapids, · this critical role teachers play and have Mich. been alarmed to find that far too few are Sr. Mary Tresa Toll Toledo,Ohio prepared in terms-of academfo political Twyla Wheaton Toledo,Ohio science training or practical political experience to convey adequately the in­ tricacies and challenges of the political Former LOOK Publisher world,she said. Chairman Of Taft Institute Statistics collected from more than 700 Thomas R.. Shepard, Jr., fonner teachers who attended Taft Seminars one publisher of LOOK magazine and most recently president the Institute summer reveal that 111 of thoseteachers The coffee pot Is a popular or of never had takena politicalscience course, spotfor political discussions and Miss Outdoor Advertising, is the new chairman and that 190 bad no more than two such Chelstrom engages some Taft Fellows in a �vely exchange. of the Taft Institute. He assumed the courses in college. "When teacher • positionin AUgust,1978. Page3 elections: voters must have confidence that their votes are counted honestly; a Show Importance Of Single Vote sizeable tlmloµt, and people must realize Close Elections "People are wrong who feel their one that their votecounts, he said. vote doesn't count," James R. Marsh, assistant Secretary of State, told Taft In Ohio, according to Mr. Marsh, seven Fellows· at the session on conducting million persons are eligible to vote; but in elections. In 1974Governor James Rhodes elections for president only four million won by an average of one vote per precinct vote and for Governor only three million and Cleveland Mayor Kucinich repulsed a go to the polls. recall by only 236 votes, the election of­ There is an election just aboutevery day ficial said. somewhere in Ohio. Too many non-voting citizens are letting others select leaders -Elections are indispensable to a sell­ and make decisions. He urged teachers to· governing people. There are three im­ activate in students an interest in voting portantthing11 necessary to the inte�tyof and other politicalinvolvement.

Hilarity marks the repartee between seminar director John Gillespie and Attorney General William J. Brown a� they discuss how to besuccessful inpolitics.

Toledo school board president Jude Aubry and seminar director John Gillespie talk with two Toledo teachers who attended the seminar.

Ohio Republican Party Chairman Earl L. Barnes gets some ad­ Many of the discussions-at the Taft Seminar have been videotaped vt� from Taft Fellows following his session on "Managing a State for classroom use. Ohio Attorney" General William J. 'Brown talks Party." · about thecandidate and the law..__

TAFT SEMINAR PROGRAM/ August 14 - August 25, 1978

FIRST SESSION MONDAY, AUGUST14 12:00Noon Luncheon EIGHTH SESSION WEDNESDAY. AUGUST23 a:JOam. RegiStration· 8nd Orientatio-:t 1:00p.m. "The Role of the Minority Legislator'-' 9:30 a.m. ''Vitalizing Political Parties·· Dr. John Gillespie M. Ben Gaeth (R) Seminar Diredor James H. Brennan William Boyle State Senator Chairman The University of Toledo Chairman Republican P_arty Democratic Party 9:00a.m ''T'1e Politics of Energy" FIFTH SES�ION FRIDAY, AUGUST18 Lucas Coun(y Lucas County Thomas L. Ashley (DJ, (Meeting i!l Fremont.Ohio) 11:qc>a.m. ' U.S. Congressman 9:00a.m. Trip to Rutherford 8. Hayes ''Ameri�n Democracy and Polttical Parties·· 10:00a.m Coffee Brea!< Presidential Library, Fremont Sharron E. Doerner, Jr. .10.JQ,a .nJ<� ".Politics and the School" 10:30 a.m. "Small City Politics" Chairman Jude T. Aubry(D/ Richard D. Maier Political Science Department President.· / Mayor of Fremont The University of Toledo Toledo Board ofJducation 11 :00a.m. "The Electoral College and 12:00Noon Lunch:eon Presidential Polttics" 12.00Noon Luncheon 1:00p.m ··campaigning for· Issues·· Dr. John Gillespie _. 1 ·00pm . "Predicting Voter Behavior" Dr Arthur L. Peterson Professor of Political ScienCe Andy Douglas (RI Professor The University of Toledo Toledo City Coum;ilman Ohio Wesleyan University 12:00,Noon Luncheon 1 :00p.m. ; "Researching Practical Poljt1cians" SECOND SESSION TUESDAY.AUGUST15 NINTH SESSION THURSDAY. AUGUST24 Kenneth E. Davidson 930a.m. "Sllrving Constituents" 9:30a.m. ''Reporting Political Activity Louis Bauer(I)/ Professor. Heidelberg College on Television" Author of "The Presidency of Rutherford 8. Hayes" Mayor of Rossford Sill Yeager Former Ta� Fellow 2·00p.m. Tour. Hayes Memorial Library News Director. WDHD-TV and Presidential: Mansion 11 a.m "Political Surveying" � 11 00.a.m "Responsibility of ihe Prl!ll.S Stanford Odesky SIXTH SESSION MONDAY:AUGUST21 m'Reporting.Polititl!I ·· Vice President · ' 9:30 a.m. "Congressional Politics" William P. Day National Family Opinion Inc. Assistant to the Publishers Nt· . . John R. Miles, Jr. - • 12.00Noon The Toledo Blade . luncheon Legislative A$sistant i OOp m. "The ·Roi� of Women iriPolitic�" U.S. House of Representatives \ 12:00Noon Luncheon Irma L. KarmoilRJ 11.00a.m "Campaigf'I Practices and Techniques" 1 :00p.m. "Ethics and Politics" State '!epresent�tive Domenic Montalto Dr. James W Lmdeen Campaign Manager Professor of P{,Jitical Science THIRD SESSION WEDNESDAY.AUGUST 16 1200Noon Luncheon The Universiiy of Toledo 930 am '"Leg,slator.�Const1tuent Relations·· 1OOp m ..Judges and Politics" Casey C. Jones (D)' M. State Repres�n(ative- Peter Handwork (R) TENTH SESSION FRIDAY. AUGUST25 :.Judge 9.30 a.m "Pu!ting the Taft Seminar to Work" lTOOa_m !'The Role of the Party Court of Common Pleas John O'Toole Central Comm,ttee"' . ., Assistant Principal, Toledo Public Schools SandyIsenberg (DJ Former'T aft, Fellow State Central Committee.. Member SEVENTH SESSION TUESDAY, AUGUST22 9·:Jo·a m "Lobbying" 11:00 a.m. _. "Getting Students Involved 1200 Noon • Luncheon Joseph.Rutherford Edward Schuhe in Pohtics" 1 00 p m "informal Politics in Administrative Aide Director Dame/ McNamara (RI State le91slatu.res·· Toledo Board Legislation and Research Ray Kest (D} Dr Harold W Oyi;ter(R) of Education Toledo Area Chamber Toledo City Councilmen Trustee. The Umvers,ty of Toledo · of Commerce 1200Noon Luncheon , r , FOURTH, SESSION THURSDAY.AUGUST17 11 00am "Managing a State Political Party" _IOOpm. Awarding of Certificates ··campaign Mana!Jement and Strategies·· Earl L. Barnes (RI Doug DeGood (DJ Mayor of Toledo -Thomas Hart Chairmant Ohio Republican Party Tlloma..s Hart Asspc,ates 12Qt, Noon Luncheon 11OOam ·condur.t•ng Elr::ct1ons.. 1OOpm ''.Cpnductmg a Stalewide Campaign" James R · Mar!l, /RJ Gertrude W · Donahey (DJ

A.\s1sta.n1. Secreta/i__: of Stale Treasurer of State

Page4

,1 Highlights Two Wee�s of Sessions Field' Trip To Presidential- Library · By Carol Shaw, TaftFellow By far, one of the most enjoyable days shared by the fellows of the RobertA. Taft Institute was their field trip to Fremont, Ohio. There in the shadow -of the Hayes Memorial Rutherford B. Hayes home, the teachers met Richard Maier, mayor .of Fremont, � Is Study Setting who discussed small city elections. This was followed by an eXJ)lanation of the For Meeting disputed Tilden-Hayes election of 1876 presented by Dr. JohpGillespie. The fellows were honored to be ac- , comp�ed on their trip by Marilyn Chelsttom, president of the Taft Institute, who addressed the fellows explaining how the program was started, its purposes, and. financing. Following a picnic lunch, the fellows and their gu�sts adjourned to the Hayes'. library where Dr. Kenneth E. Davidson discussed the problem of researching politicians. His address was followed by a guided tour of the With a park shelter as· a classroom, Taft Fellows listen to· Miss presidential home. Chelstrom. As mayor of Fremont, Mr. Maier the Tilden-Hayes election must certainly made about Hayes in important historical presented the fellows with yet another rank as the most controversial of all time. journalsand the cloud of disputed election perspective of the American political Disputed election returns from South hanging above his head, he remains a scene. In asmall cit,,politics tend to be a Carolina, Louisiana and Florida; the shadowy figure. To prove that President personalthing. Due t'-0tlµs personal factor, impact of James C. Reid, editor of the New Hayes is not deservingof such negligence, ., responsibility to the electorate is far York Times; other state canvassing Davidson points out many amusing greater in a small city. Your constituents boards which threw out many Democratic anecdotes and firsts in the president's life. have constant access to you and you are votes on legal technicalities; the Hayes was the first president to visit the - therefore held constantly accountable, not resignation from the electoral commission west coast and travel by all known modes just inelection years. Maier also feels that of Supreme Court Justice David Davis, a , of transportation at that time including small city elections are almost popularity known independent; his replacement, horseback and hospital wagon. Davidson contests with people often times changing Republican Joseph Bradley, who sue- also points out that the Rutherford B. party.affiliations at the polls.It is thusnot cumbed to pressures by his wife and others Hayes library is the only one in existence uncommon to find the mayor and city to change his vote to Hayes: all are facts for a Nineteenth-Centurypresid-mt. council members of small cities all which help to create this controvery. The balance of the afternoon permitted belongingto the same politicalparty: • the students ample time to. explore- the This controversial election is probably presidential mansion and grounds. A study in contrasts is perhaps the best Hayes' greatest mark in history. It was Remaining in its original state,it reminds way to describethe transition from small therefore interestingfor the Taft fellows to one of a by-gone era. The wealth, pomp city politics to a national campaign. Dr. meet with Dr. Davidson, author of the and circumstance portrayed here cannot JF&tH.· Gillespie graphically pointed out the Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes. Davidson be recaptured today. The .presidential Marilyn Chelstrom, Taft In­ irregulariti�s in the election_ of 1876. Set explained why heieels that Hayes remains gravesite nestled among the trees further ,,, stitute president, addresses the against the background of a nation still virtually unknown."The Gilded Age" has enhances the feeling of ser�nity ex­ licking the wounds of war, racked by a not beentreated well in history. When this perienced in �peaceful setting. -Seminar.at Birchard Park. scandalous presidency and a deJJresiiion, is coupled with unflattering comments ' ' ·

The historical exhibits at the President Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Library are studied by theTaft Fellows.·_ .·

Taft Fellows pause at the gravesite of Rutherford B. ' and Lacy Hayes. · _ - THE ROBERT A. TAFT Jnstit11teof (}overn111e11t

420 Lexington Avenue, New York. New York-10017 • 212 682-1530

TRUSTEES Dr. Arthur L"Pete1son Thomas A. Shepard, Jr. William Wood Prince Chai1man Dr. Louis T. Rader Hon. Mary Louise Smith Lowell Wadmond Leon J. Weil Vice Chai1man Je1emiah Milbank Honorary Mrs. Helen Tait Manning T1easu1er Ross Reid Sec1eta1y AOMtNl$TRATION The home that ex-President Hayes lived incontains many of the Hon. Anne L. Armstrong Marilyn Chelstrom gifts he received as President. A tour of the home completed the Reed Coleman President Marion J, Epley. Ill fieldtrip to Fremont,Ohio. Edward J. Gerrity, Jr. Alan Mihis Thomason Paul N. Howell SeniOl'CO(l$,Ultant Page5 Hon. Frank Pace Jr. Videotapes Fori Social Studies TV-PolitieftlRole Produced At lT Tatt·seminar RwmiDgf�r Governor CampaignManagement and Strategies · Limited By R�Ie-s Charles Kurfess, candidate for gover­ Thomas Hart, HartAssociates, explains nor, discusses campaign techniques in . the use of advertising in campaigns. preparing to runfor the office ofgovernor. TV-- anchonnan Bill Yeager told mem­ Gives students insights into campaign The Candidateand the Law bers of the Taft Seminar that there are a practices.30 minutes. Ohio Attorney General WilliamJ. Brown lot of regulations regarding reporting explains how the law regulates cam­ political activity on television. The Congressman�s Role A Legislatorin the MinorityParty paigning. "fairness doctrine" and "equal time" StateRep. John Galbraith discussesthe provisions limit what television stations ls A Busy One role of the minority party in the state Congressional Politics may do during a.. political campaign. legislature. 50 minutes. John R...Miles, Jr., Congressional aide, Politicians will delay announcing their explains the forces that impinge upon candidacy for office so thattheir activities. Role of the Minority Party in the State Congressmen during the legislative will be considered news rather than. Legislature � process. campaigning, the - WDHO-TV news "A key problem for, a legislator is House Minority Leader CharlesKurfess director said. whether to vote how their constituents discUS§esthe tacticsand responsibilitiesof Managinga StatePolitical Party The teachers were given tips on how to want him to vote or to vote how he feels is t!teminority party.29 minutes. Earl L. Barnes, Ohio Republican Party useTVbyMr.Yeager: right," John R.Miles, legislativeassistant Chairman, explains the role and - to Pennsylvania Congressman Joseph S. Influenceof Women inPolitics organization of a state political party._ Always hold a news conference before Ammerman, said in his discussion on Sen. Marigene Valiquette discusses 1:38 p.m. so you can make the 6:00 p.m. congressional politics. This "conscience­ problems and opportunities facing women Campaigningfor Issues news, and before 7:38 p.m. to make the constituent" dilemma has confronted legislators. 29 minutes. Dr. Arthur L. Peterson, OhioWesleyan 11:00p.m. news. This allows timeto have legislators since the ' beginning of University professor, tells of the the tapeedited and the story written. representative assemblies but, Mr. Miles Managinga StatePolitical Party requirements,problems and politicsof the pointed out, a congressman is privy to Paul Tipps, head of the Ohio Democratic initiative and referendum. Make your presentationvisual. U you're many ramifications of an issueinvolved in Party, discusses the role and importance taUdng about school financing, have a the legislationthat the voters may not � of political parties. 30 minutes. schoolbuilding in the background. aware of. FILMS-l&mm Mr. Miles gave the teachers an insight PredictingElections U you are asked a tough questionand do into the working of Congress and of-a AndyDouglas, Toledo City Councilman, PartyOrgailization not want your answer shown on TV, an­ Congressman's office. More than seven discussesfactors which lead to election to Campaignsand Elections swer witha simple"yes" or "no" or give a hundred issues are voted on each session office. 30 minutes. Pressure Groups and Party Politics long involved answer with the assurance and a memberof Congress can personally that part of your presentation will be keep himself informed only on a few of Informal Relations in the United States These three half-hour fihns feature editedout. them. He mustrely on committeehearings Senate leading Ohio political figures discussing -to bring out infonnation and his personal Sen. Howard Metzenbaumdiscusses the party politics, campaign practices, The equaltime provision doesnot apply staffto keep him .abreastof developments. informal procedures in the United States pressure groupsand partyorganization. to hard news, he said, but television at­ Lettersfrom constituentsand infonnation Senate. 30 mbtutes. I tempts to be fair and give both sides to a producedby lobbyistsare other sources of political issue that arises during a cam­ infonnation that influence congressmen, PoliticalSurveying paign. he said. Stanford Odesky, V.P., National Family Women Legislators Opinion, disctisses techniques for con­ ductinga political poll. To Form New-Bloc _, "Women- must l)el"Ceive tliemselves as more than envelopestuffers for others and .JudgeElections run for office themselves," according to Ohio StateRep. InnaL. Karmolwho spoke Pose Problems to the Taft Felrows on the growing role and influence of women in politics. She pointed out that in the Ohio House of Too much emphasis/ often is placed on Representatives7 of the 99 membersare the political leanings of a candidate for...a women; 5 are Republicans and 2 are judgeship, a Common Pleas Court judge Democrats, but they have not acted as a told studentsattending the sixth session of bloc except once, and that was on the issue the Taft Seminar. of rape reformlegislation. Representative "We downgrade and prostitute our Karmolsees this as changing. ,,. judicial system where partisan politics is concerned,"Judge Peter M. Handwork, of In the Ohio legislature, neither the Th� Taft Seminar was the first group to use new conference Lucas County CommonPleas Court, �id. Republican speaker nor the Republican facilitiesat the UT ContinuingEducation Center. Pa�cipants found whip is running for reelection so the fjve the lounge area an excellent place to talk politics during a break Just the idea of having a political label Republican women have ban_ded together prevents many qualified persons from and will vote as a blocto put a womanon betweensessions. engagingin therace for an office, he said, theRepublican leadership team after the addingthat many timesa personwill vote fall election, Representative Karmol solely on the basis of party identification, revealed. Once this is accomplish� the completely ignoring the - candidate's woman leader can aid other women in backgroundand past record. gettingfavorable committeeassignments. Women legislatorsshould work to become Legislator In Minority Party The judge said voters should consider experts on the committee on which they whether a judicial candidate can judge serve, according to Rep. Karmol, so that fairly. their advice is requested and accepted. Tries To Sway Public Opinion Althougha judge should be responsible to someone, either the public or to the She urged teachers to encourage their In the Ohio Senate there ·are 33 mem­ person who appointed him, "it is my women students to seek out avenues to bers,but only 12 areRepublicans. Sen.M. number one concern that a judge wiU not political participation, avenues-that are Ben Gaeth is one of the 12 and he described TaftFellows Given be completely impartial" when political ever-widening for young women. to Taft Fellows the role of a legislator in affiliation is involved in decisions, Judge the min..orityparty. Key To Winning Handwork said. A minoritymember has an obligation to Every candidate is endorsed to run by a __,,, speak loud and forcefully against Political candidates pay a fee of 15 certain party and must campaign, but he The lead-off speaker for the 1978 Taft legislation that he feels is not in the best percentof their advertising budgetsto the is limitedby the canons of ethicsfor judges Seminar was U.S Congressman ThomasL. interest of the people, according to Sen. ad agency handling their campaign, Tom to advertisingonly his past record and not Ashley, chairman of the Select Committee Gaeth. In that way, the media will give Hart, advertising executive, told Taft the issues at hand, the judge said. on-Energy. Representative. Ashley was your position coverage and perhaps you Fellows at the session on campaign unable to be present physically due to a can sway public opinion to your point of management and strategies. Often cip1- 'You won't see judges out on political last minute Energy Conference Com­ view. As an example, the minority party didates finish their campaigns in the red stumps as candidates for other offices mittee meeting called by the was able to cause the defeat of a and do notfeel obligatedto pay since it was are," Judge Handwork said. Congressional leaders. However, he was Democratic enacted "instant theirfinance committee members,and not determined to participate in the Seminar registration" law by a two-to-one margin the candidate, who did the contracting for In this way, politicalaffiliation is played so he arranged a telephone hook-up from when the voters directly voted on theissue. services,he added. down and the public is aJlowed to vote for his Washington office. After his formal About the only way a minority member Mr. Hart said the key to winning an the candidate · who will perform the best remarks he answered teachers' questions can get a measure he wants enacted into election is a simple one--get a good can­ according to his past performance. about''The Politics of Energy." law is to have a colleague in the majority didate, money and peoplewho will work in Even though party ties can be President Carter may have µiade a party sponsor the bill with the minority the campaign. detrimental to the judicial system, can­ · political mistakeby assigning energy such memberas a co-sponsor.The senator said,­ A ¾-inch videotape of Mr� Hart's didates do like endorsementsbecause they a high priority during his 1976 campaign, "he gets the glory but you get the discussionis available for use in teaching are useful in promoting campaigns,Judge he said. His energyplan is difficultto fault legislationyou want." aboutthe ofuse media in a-campaign. Handwork said. but is rather hard to enact. Pag.e6 .._ � � ' Caution Needed Ohio State Treasurer Recounts ElectionSuccess For Surveying The first woman elected to a statewide office inOhio and the top vote-getter in the Stanford Odesky, vie� president of a 1974 election told Taft Fellows about national opinion- organization, uses his "Conducting· a Statewide Campaign." expertisein the field of politicsto conduct, Mrs. Gertrude Donahey, Treasurer of with amazing accuracy, QOlitical polls in State, charmed members of the Taft Ohio, New York, and other states. In bis Seminar as she recounted her campaign discussion at the Taft Seminar, Mr. experiences. Odesky indicated that by asking a small number of key questions of 300 to 1,500 Before one can run for office, ground­ voters, an excellent prediction can be work must be laid-which consists in�rt of obtained with accuracy within 1 to 1 ½ working in someone else's campaign, she percent. stated.In that way you can learnfirst hand Very often candidates will use four polls, how a C&m);)8ign is run. "By speaking on - according to Mr. Odesky. The first _and behalf of a · candidate,.1 passing out most iµlportant is to determine what literature and working around a · people feelare the key issues. Recent polls Mrs. Gertrude Donahey, Ohio State Treasurer listens _ headquarters, you will meet people who indicate the present key issues to be in­ , a's a Taft will behelpful to you later," she advised. flation and problems of the economy. Fellow _inquires about investment of statefunds. . . Early contact with localprecinct leaders Teachers who want to do polling were ' should be made, Mrs. Donahey recom­ cautioned about some key factors to watch mended. "Ask them to help you and to give for that could prejudice a poll.Rotation of you names of others who might help you." candidate names from interview to In­ terview is necessary, for often voters are unfamiliarwith thecandidates' names and willpick the firstname rqentioned.Odesky suggests that one should not mention the -... 'State legislature political alfillation of candidates if they - + are running in a non-partisan election. ;;' Under-Rated Body' Interviews should be spread throughout the day and not conducted just during the "The State legislature is a very under­ daylight hours, for the sample willtend to rated branch in our system of govern­ include mostly housewives and retired ment,'1 · Rep. Casey Jones said at the persons.He emphasized the importanceof Seminar. selecting a representative population for "It best addresses the needs of the the survey and insuring that questions American people since it is not too large asked are not biased and are asked JD a for anyone who wants to be heard, yet non-prejudicialtone .of Yoice. large enough to have a significant impact on social, political,and ethical problems," In the early days of surveying,personal _ according to the Ohio solon. interviews were considered the more The five-termlegislator, speaking on the accurate type. N-0w, however, Mr. Odesky subject legislator-constituentrelationship, feels that the telephone interview can be said "the relationship between the handled in a non-prejudicial manner. The legislator and the constituent may be just telephone interviews can be more closely that-a relationship. It takes a joint effort supervised. Also if a question on a survey to make our government work �fficiently. seems to be causing some difficulty, the An environment of mutual cooperation poll supervisQr can make necessary must exist so we will all beable to reap the modifications more quickly. Thus, Mr. benefitsof good government.'' Odesky prefers the telephone survey as a pollinginstrument. · On each election night in Toledo, Mr.,, -' I Odesky amazes television audiences with · Stl\•iti·. The Robert A. Taft Institute of Gcver­ , his early and accurate predictions of the :l Hl\11, nment is nonpartisan, nonprofit, and winners. educational. Financial support for the Taft Seminars is raised by the Institute egch year from individuals, corporations, and foundations. Its national office is located at 420 IA!xington Avenue, New York, New Stanford Odesky, political pollster, was one of many political York 10017; telephone (212) 682-1530. Party Polities expertswho addressed the seminar. Little Problem In Sehool Boa�d ·,

. Most of the problems facing the Toledo Mr. Aubry said a superintendent cannot\,,❖, •• school · district stem from a lack of beeffective in a large urban school district credibility within the system, rather than for more than three to five years. After from partisan politics, Jude Aubry, that, he said, the· administrator finds president of theToledo boardof education, himself defending policies he enacted told membersof the Taft Seminar. when he first tookover. Citing the school strike last April as an example, Mr. Aubry said information given the board was not always correct · and this affected the board's role in labor negotiations. State Legislatures Every time we said we were out of Have New Look money, somebody found some new money," Aubry said, referring to the amount available for school employees "State· legislatures are becoming more when they and the administrationwere at representative,'' Dr. l{arold W. Oyster, a an impasse on wage increases. member of The University of Toledo's - Board of Trustees and a formermember of At the session, ''Politics and the School,'' the Ohio legislature, said · at tl)e Taft ":>., • •• •• ;,.. �- r ·-- most of the discusson focused on internal Seminar's session on politics in the .. :::_ · ·, . . : :\ • · ·-.. workings of school administration since legislature. ;: .. \� - most of theparticipants were elementary Historically, state legislatures have and secondary school teachers from Ohio, been composed of persons from rather '.\ Michigan and Illinois. narrow fields such as attorneys, teachers, . . ' ,<·:� farmers, real estate dealers, and Mr. Aubry's comments on the internal representatives of organized labor. It is politicsof the schoolsystem dealt with the __ now changing, Dr. Oyster said, with an relation of the superintendent to the increase in blacks, women and even blue board; the establishment of policy for collar workers. handling discipline problems, and im- In his discussion, the former legislator proving the system's image inthe eyes of described the comraderie, cooperation Toledo city council member and Democratic state committee parents concemed that their children are and courtesies members extend to each member Sandy Isenberg discusses with assistant seminar director not gettinga quality education. other. Mary Mondville the role of women in a politicalparty. Page7 I ' P.P.L.I.C. Is Forlllula Ft:»r Predicting Vote The formula for accurate prediction of election resultsis P.P.L.I.C., according to Campaign Manager Toledo city councilman Andy Douglaswho spoke at the Seminar on predicting voter Das Winning Tip's behavior. Party, paper, labor, incumbency and . Time, people and money are the church are the five factors that weigh ingredients of a political campaign, heavily in a campaign and, according to Domenic Montalto said at the session the councilman, a candidate to win must campaign practices and techniques. �•If have three of the five factors with one of you have more of one than another then the three beingeither paper or labor.- The emphasize that factor in your race;" the only exceptionto a winningcombination is seasoned political campaign manager when the public perceives the candidate to added. bedishonest. In fielding a candidate you first need to get a party endorsement. In order to get "Votersmay talkabout politicians being this, Mr. Montalto said,it will help if you crooks but they do not want to believe it.

have done some work for the party. The ·"- However, wh�n they do believe the can­ ,endorsing group within the party will also didate is dishonest, he can have all five of want to evaluate your abilityto handle the Dr. Arthur L. Peterson, Ohio Wesleyan professor and Taft Institute the P.P.LLC.'s and yet he will lose," office-you seek. trustee, was a favorite of Taft Fellows. CouncilmanDouglas said. 'I An importantfactor blgetting the party J The first P in the formula is for party endorsement is how much money the endorsement. Successful candidates need candidate willspend on the campaignand the reservoirof consistent party votes that what is his ability to raise funds in the Direct Legislation· the Rep9blican and Democratic parties community. This is important, he said, can deliver to their nominees, Mr. Douglas because the party will give only limited stated.There is little hope for independent financialhelp to candidates. candidates. _Takes Hard Work The P for paper is the dominant daily Loyalty to the party is required of a Media coverage of theissue is essential. that endorses candidates, he said. In· person seeking endorsement. He will be Toledo, the Pis TheBlade. asked, if he were not endorsed wc;>uld he Dr. �ur L. Peterson, professor of Put together a detailed and well The L for labor endorsement is a special run in the primary against an endorsed political science at - Ohio Wesleyan researched position paper on why your factor for with laborsupport the candidate candidate. If he will run in the primary · University and a trustee of theRobert A. stand is the best and bringit to newspaper is able to visit factories with foremen and regardless, he is not likely to beendorsed, Taft Institute of Government, addressed editorialboards and seektheir support. utilize labor's manpower in setting up according to Mr. Montalto. the Taft Seminar on "Campaigning for · campaign signs. Incumbency's value is The campaign manager pointed out Issues." Dr. Peterson, who spearheaded Don't overlook suburban. weekly the recognition one getsfrom beingon the some; helpful techniquesand practices: the campaign in Ohio to invitiate an ''in­ newspapersas a sourceof support. , job, Mr. Douglas added. stant registration" law passed by the / TheC for Church in the Ohio area stands Design handouts for individual neigh­ legislature, explained to the teachers the Tryto arrangedebates on theissue. for the Catholic Church, according to Mr: borhoodskeyed to area issues. procedures for winning an initiative or Douglas. "When two candidates have referendum. Use a mailing to raise funds and get relatively equal qualifications, Catholic Don't expect to meet voters at political There are many pitfalls between taking messagesspread around. voters tend to support a Catholic can­ partyfunctions. Go where the peopleare­ out a petition and getting the measure on didate," he said. This gives the Catholic bowling alleys, sports events, festivals, the ballot for peopleto vote on it. Andafter candidatea slight edge. etc. it is on the ballot there are political pr:_oblemsof getting the people to vote for Fremont Mayor Meets . Councilman Douglas, who participated Get your name--lmownwith yam signs. it,He-Sliid. - • inthe first Taft Seminarat 'lbeUniversity Check traffic flow charts in the traffic The mechanics of direct legislation are Seminar In Park of Toledo ten years ago; developed his engineer's office so your sigds will be importantand everydetail must beclosely formula for that session. Since that time placedon busy routes. watched. A legal counsel should be The mayor of Fremont, Richard D. the formula has become part of Ohio's engaged to monitor all the activities. Maier, greeted the Taft Fellows at Bir­ politicalfolkiore. Have cars withroof signs travel up and He advised the participants: chard Park where the seminar convened down the busyexpressways. before going to the Rutherford B. Hayes Taft Fellows were -urged to try the Be certain those who sign petitions are Memorial Library. . formula with their students before the Give campaign �cks that people registered voters and write their names When the Seminarmet at Fremont the Novemberelection and substitute some of will keep such as pencils,1 matches,emery clearly. previous year, the park had beenravaged their own factors for P.P.L.I.C. that may boards,coin purses, sewing kits, etc. by a tornado. Mayor Maier provided have special application in. areas where Take a pollto get thepublic's attitude on special work crews to clean up the park they teach. · It is important to research your op­ the proposal to insure you're not wasting area so theseminar could hold itsmeeting. -----• ponent, he said, for facts that are un­ time and effort on a non-popular issue. A This year the mayor explained thepolitics covered may put your opponent on the poll will also identify the groups that are involved in getting state aid and federal defensive and this is where you want him. withyou. aid in emergency situations. , Lobbyists Discuss Influencing Role . Lobbying is an important part of the political scene, according to two prac­ titioners who addressed the Taft Seminar. Election La"7s Hard To Enforce Joseph Rutherford,administrative aide in the Toledo school system, and Edward Ohio's post-Watergate election cam­ prosecutor, aqd by that time the damage still loopholes. An individual can give Schulte, director of legislation and paign laws are goodin theory,but difficult done to a reputationis beyondrepair. assistance in kind, which can be as research for the Toledo Chamber of to enforce, state AttorneyGeneral William The state's chief law enforcement of­ valuable as a direct contribution, but is not Commerce, told the group that lobbyists J. Brown told Taft Fellows. ficial also explained the campaign reported in . the financial disclosure serve a vital function in the legislative Most of the statutes concerning smear financing law to the group, which con­ statements. process. statements and so-called "dirty tricks" centrated on the practical aspects of the He acknowledged that where you draw are worded so that a prosecutor must political process during the two-week the line in a political race betweenslander "There are several ways a lobbyist can prove the person accused of such acts did seminar. and campaign rhetoric-is often difficult to effectively influence legislators," ac- , them willfully, Mr. Brown said. He ex­ The Ohio Attorney General feels the judge. The Supreme Court has been very cording to Mr. Rutherford. "There must plained various campaign laws during a state has moved in the right direction by careful to safeguard First Amendment be soundness in the cause you are luncheon speechat the Taft Seminar. requiring financial disclosure, ut thereare rights, often at the expense of tarnished promoting and you must be sincere about The attorney general said a candidate candidates. it. You must build friendship with can avoid prosecution under the act by legislators and develop a rapport with attributing untrue statements to another them that is based on solid inforination. source. . And even if the campaign You should help legislators who have statements were made by the candidate problems in ways thatyou can." himself, the candidate must have known V they were false at the time in order to bein Mr. Schulte sees his job as a specialist in violation of the law. three areas. • He is · an information A candidate who has been defamed· often specialist for the legislators. Since they will have no recourse but to issue a denial, can't be experts in all fields,· he will Mr. Brown said. provide them with sources of tt;chnical He told the teachers at the Seminar that information. Mr. Schulte says heis also an the law must balance candidates' interest information specialist for the p�ople he, · in fairness against the right of political works for, He keeps them informed as to free speech,which he termed as "probably what is happening in the legislature that the most protected of our constitutional affects them and suggests · what· they rights." 1 should do about it. Mr. Brown also noted that it takes 30 to Finally, he tries to build firm personal SO days before a charge of campaign law · County chairman James Brennan holds �n informal sess'ion to relationships with legislators- for that is violati.ons even gets to a county explain further how he plans to revitalizethe Republican party. important in getting a message acrJSS.

; , , 1978 Taft Fellows, front row (left to right) John Gillespie. Back row: David Fry, Richard Beatrice Greenberg, Sr. MaryTresa Toll, Twyla Rulon,· James Raudabaugh, Robert Swinehart, Wheaton, Paula Schaf�er,, Bethel Lorenzen, Ellen Orlandi, Rick Haddix, Shirley Sandelands, Ella Lichtenwald, Valena Myers, Carol Shaw, James King, Lewis Miller, John Carden, John BruceBarnes, Harold Ten Broek, Jean Ryan and Booth, MarvinFeilbardt and MaryMondville. Newspaper� Support 'Political Advantage Former Fellow Returns As Mayor The mayor of Rossford, Ohio, and for­ of how Senator Glenn votes on issues, Newspapers, unlike television, are not mer Taft Fellow Louis Bauer returned to according to Mayor Bauer, the public covered by the fairness doctrine nor do the seminar to lecture on "Serving Con­ remembers best how they were treated they have to give equal treatment to stituents."In addition to beinga small city· when they called about a problem. The political candidates, William Pay, mayor, Lou Bauer is a legislative aide for mayor emphasized that constituents with assistant to the publishers of The Blade, United States Sen. John Glenn. In both a problem mainly want someone to listen told the seminar teachers. A newspaper roles he has to handle problems and to them. Having a goodstaff that is of help can be as biased as it wishes and its only complaints of the public. to constituents can build a strong loyal real threat is a libelsuit, which is difficult base for an incumbent, according to As an aide to a United States senator, Mayor Bauer. for a candidate to win. Mr. Bauer said he is paid by the taxpayers However, newspapers do try to be and·he is there to.serve them. Regardless responsible, he said. The Blade is Most small towns such a� Rossford'are meticulous in giving opposing candidates faced with several problems,according to equal space and uses a ruler to measure Mr. Bauer. There are many private news stories to make certain that each lawsuits now being brought against contestant gets the same I)umber -0f Polls show that only 18 percent of the elected officials who in most cases are columninches. population read1 the editorial page, but unpaid or paid a very small stipend. those who do are, active and involved Lawsuitstake time and money and tend to Endorsemept of The Blade is considered citizens who make up more than 18 percent discourage people from holding office. a significant advantage in a race, so of the voters. Mr. Day feels The Blade's Another problem is conflictof interest. If candidates seek its approval, accordingto endorsement and support is worth 5,000 the mayor works for a company that sells Mr; Day. Each candidate is invited to votes to a candidate in a local election. He goods to the city, he may be accused of discuss bis candidacy with the publisher said the Toledo newspaper is not tied to having a conflict of interest. This, ac­ and the editorial board. Once The Blade, one political party and over the years it cording to Mayor Bauer, is a very touchy endorses a candidate, it supports him on has. endorsed 179 Democrats and 176 question as most small-town mayors must the editorialpage. Republicans. hold a job in additionto beingmayor.

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