World Heritage Status, Governance and Perception in the Pitons Management Area, St.Lucia Vernice Camilla Hippolyte University of South Florida, [email protected]
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University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2013 World Heritage Status, Governance and Perception in the Pitons Management Area, St.Lucia Vernice Camilla Hippolyte University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Geography Commons Scholar Commons Citation Hippolyte, Vernice Camilla, "World Heritage Status, Governance and Perception in the Pitons Management Area, St.Lucia" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4904 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. World Heritage Status, Governance and Perception in the Pitons Management Area, St. Lucia by Vernice Camilla Hippolyte A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography, Environment and Planning College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Fenda A. Akiwumi, Ph.D. Kamal Alsharif, Ph.D. Philip Reeder, Ph.D. Date of Approval November 15th, 2013 Keywords: Heritage, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), UNESCO, Tourism, Natural Resources, Political Ecology Copyright © 2013, Vernice Camilla Hippolyte ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Akiwumi, Dr. Reeder and Dr. Alsharif for all your suggestions and guidance during my thesis writing process and the completing of this manuscript. Special thanks to my advisor Dr. Akiwumi for your understanding and encouragement during difficult phases in this process and the bouts of coffee and nuggets of wisdom that kept me going. I also want to extend gratitude to Dr. Zarger and Dr.Reeder for their guidance in my qualitative analysis and to USF staff, the late Dr.Rod Hale and to Ms. Carolyn Riviera. I am grateful for the editing assistance and encouragement of many of my graduate peers: Manoucheka Celeste, Nicole Ceasar, Trina Halfhide, Justin Heller, Becky Lorham, Erick Ananga and Vimbai Mudimu. I would like to thank my twin sister Dr. Bernice Hippolyte for her assistance with my presentation, free rent and office space in the last few months of this process. I cannot forget Mr. Henix Joseph of the Pitons Management Area St. Lucia for his sincere commitment to facilitating my field work in Soufrière, St. Lucia including the documents provided that were helpful in completing this study. By extension, I want to thank all those who agreed to participate in the project’s interview process, without which, my research inquiry would not be sated. Last but not least, to my family for their constant support and generosity: my sisters Karen Edward, Louise Hippolyte and Sharon Prudent, my brother Philip Hippolyte Jr. who was instrumental to this process, my mother Maria Hippolyte and my late father Philip Hippolyte Sr. who has been with me throughout. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................8 Research Questions ..................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................10 Introduction ............................................................................................................10 World Heritage.......................................................................................................10 The Caribbean Small Island Developing State (SIDS) ..........................................22 Community Perceptions .........................................................................................24 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ..........................................................................29 Introduction ............................................................................................................29 Political Ecology ....................................................................................................29 Conceptualizing Development Alternatives ..........................................................34 Framework Summary.............................................................................................39 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................41 Introduction ............................................................................................................41 Sampling Design ....................................................................................................41 Survey Development and Implementation ............................................................44 Qualitative Analysis ...................................................................................45 Content Analysis of Web-based Archival Research ..............................................46 Data Preparation.........................................................................................48 Pre-Processing............................................................................................48 Crawdad Analysis .................................................................................................49 Limitations ............................................................................................................51 CHAPTER 5: STUDY AREA .......................................................................................................55 Introduction ............................................................................................................55 St.Lucia ..................................................................................................................55 Soufrière .................................................................................................................55 The Pitons Management Area (PMA) ...................................................................56 i Population and Social Context ...............................................................................57 Economy ................................................................................................................57 Tourism Economy ..................................................................................................58 Land Use ................................................................................................................59 Geology ..................................................................................................................59 Climate ...................................................................................................................60 Map of St.Lucia .....................................................................................................61 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS ...............................................................................................................65 Introduction ............................................................................................................65 Profile of Respondents ...........................................................................................65 Education Levels ........................................................................................66 Occupation .................................................................................................66 Gender ........................................................................................................67 Age .............................................................................................................69 Key Informant Findings .........................................................................................70 Research Question 1 ..............................................................................................70 Research Questions 2 .............................................................................................75 Research Questios 3 ...............................................................................................79 Web-based Archival Research Findings ................................................................85 Corpus Sample: National Government ..................................................................85 Corpus Sample:UNESCO ......................................................................................88 CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION .........................................................................................................91 Introduction ............................................................................................................91