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Oklahoma Today Autumn 1967 Volume 17 No. 4

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Oklahoma Today Autumn 1967 Volume 17 No. 4 pening words of a 59'30 klahoma, at first might have emed preposterous to rkders of the ~lclabmCity newspaper in which they appeared. Whkh w&r7 after all, did not know that the surround- fng latnbp 'could claim nothing higher than an oc- &%&ma1hill? I;: Dr, GudB's next words, however, clarified the point, "bat thb mantain is buried under 6,500 feet of sand- *B & &ale." THE Tb "~momtainl'is there. today. It is a ridge of fan- htie length, extending underground from southeastern N&r& through Kansas to Central Oklah011~8.A few dl= tram its southern end, it created conditions for om af the world's greatest oilfields-the Oklahoma City Field, N& "Nemaha" for a northern Kansas county, the mountbtinous granite mass was formed during the LOST dim reaches of an ancient geologic era. It then stood IWBthe land surface. But came the tidal seas- wbm that "covered the face of the deep" and their Immemenb deposited layer after layer of earth sedi- mmQ, Oklahoma City today sits atop 6,500 feet of *has &enternore than a mile above Nemaha. The receding waters that had slowly deposited those layers of earth also left animal and plolrvt red.M &me of these, in "nature's refinery," became t*hy oil particles. Becaw of their light weight, they moved up ward along Nernaha's granite slopes until stappd by a did layer of shale. Similar "traps" at intervals along Nemaha's length , f~rmedsuch huge oil fields as Eldorado and Augista and $8 ttcret treasure in Kansas and, in Oklahoma, the Garber, Tonkawa, Gushing, Seminole, and Oklahoma City Fields. Of these, the Oklahoma City Field is the largest, having produced 729 million barrels of oil up to January 1, 1967. The in- dustry officially ranks a field whieh has produced a mil- lion barrels as a "giant" field. The Oklahoma City Field is 729 times a giant. It dozed for many a eentury befom its preeenw was guessed; until about fifty years ago-2'yatardaf in geological time. Then man first began to suspect there was a veritable ocean of oil below his feet in tha Okla- homa City area. The discovery, when it came, was less the reward of intensive search than a turn of olrame, First to learn the truth were young practitioners of a science then still in its infancy-petroleum gwbgy, Several geologists thought they sniffed cmde dl at Oklahoma City, some as many as ten years before the opening of the field. First, perhaps, was George Morgan* a young geologist for the Empire Gas and Fuel Corn- in Oklahoma City. While visiting his girl frien4 & Oklahoma City during World War I, Morm s$&id an interesting fact. What happened is tald bp Eweref& Carpenter, now, fifty years later, living i~ rethement i Oklahoma City: 'The story George related to me the & day WM B Y DAvfD CRAIGWEAD TWO of his place. He kept a keg of wine down there, and George's girl had taken him down there to offer him a drink. George observed an east dip in the dirt wall I of the cellar. In those days, the thinking of geologists ran to anticlines as the placea to look for oil and gas, and an east dip here in Oklahoma was tantamount to an Mclny a wild well has blown in during a "trip"(running drill I i anticline- George worked up a map of sorts and brought pipe out or back into the hole). So it was with Wild Mary Sudik. I When drill stem was being pulled, in she blew-200 million it to the office the next day." cubic feet of gas and 20 thousand barrels of oil per day. For Morgan's map fascinated the Empire Oil Company's eleven days she roared wild, while news commentators broadcast executives but they feared that the oil - if indeed it to the world the epic struggle that brought her under control. existed -was too far down. Carpenter guessed its depth at 15,000 feet. Drilling eventually proved that it was not half that deep, but Empire was better off not trying any- way. Cable tools, the only drilling devices then, were useless at such depths. Another young geologist, Jerry Newby, sweyed the land surface in northeast Oklahoma City for the chamber of commerce in 1917. Newby found evidence of an oil structure and drew a map which "showed a large plung- ing nose with axis east of the capitol building and north- east dips toward Eastern Avenue and Lincoln Park." Other geologists came upon clues to Nemaha's secret treasure. These included L. E. Trout, in about 1920; and E. A. Paschal1 and John R. Bunn in 1926. Bunn's work led to the drilling of a test well north of the city which found both oil and gas, but not in commercial quantities. Despite the efforts of professional geologists, it was the work of a college professor which led to drilling of the )first oil well. Dr. G. E. Anderson, a mild-mannered pro- fessor of geology at the University of Oklahoma, liked to spend his summers in the outdoors. It was while doing I field reconnaissance for the Indian Territory Illuminat- Thirty years ago derrick lights and gas flares illuminated residences near the Capitol in Oklahoma City. A bit noisy, but <ing Oil Company that Dr. Anderson determined the almost anyone would happily tolerate such inconvenience in presence of a "southward projecting nose" extending exchange for an oil well in the back yard. through Oklahoma City. A team of geologists verified the details and the I.T.I.O. prepared to drill. The Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Company al- ready had the reputation of being a bold, exploration- minded firm. Within the previous two years it had drilled the premier wells in three oil fields--Seminole City, Bow- legs, and Little River. Now, leasing a block of 10,000 acres at the southeast edge of Oklahoma City, it set out 'after even bigger game. r wells, driUed in one of the world's most ictive oiljielda, produce income for the :tion of the State of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma bl Building, as seen here, stands on the rhoulder of the '%st mountain" which lrues to produce ibfortune in black gold. photo by Paul E. Lefebvre FlVF A gusher spewing oil at the rate of 6,000 barrels a day, as did the No. 1Oklahoma City heralds great things. Frenzied drilling followed. The derricks marched north into the heart of the city. For the next decade the metropolis grappled with the joys and agonies of being straddled by spindly steel monarchs that clanked inces- The Oklahoma City assignment meant drilling to new, santly and seemed to blacken everything around them. greater depths. The heavy steel bits, pounding their way The wells also pumped an economic infusion into the deep into the earth, struck gas under such pressure that city during the worst days of the Depression, providing it bounced them like toys. The drillers said they had high salaried jobs and money in the form of royalty struck "rubber rocks." Drillers usually welcome a show payments. of gas but here, said I.T.I.O. drilling supervisor Pat Arguments over restricting drilling in the city reached Sutton, was "more gas than we wanted." a storybook climax when oilmen announced that there Finally the drilling tools came loose in the hole and was oil beneath the state capitol building. In the gov- the crew spent a week "fishing" for them. The hardships ernor's chair was E. W. Marland, himself an oilman and were forgotten, however, on Dec. 4, 1928, when the No. a patron of the arts. He faced a crisis of decision. Should 1Oklahoma City "blew itself in" at a depth of 6,355 feet. he hold that the sanctity of Oklahoma's state capitol They had confirmed the existence of Nemaha's treasure. grounds prohibited the invasion of oil derricks, as some insisted, or allow drilling and boost state revenues?- --- ---. Marland pondered. Then he acted. Down went the drilling bit--down to strike oil all along Lincoln Boulevard, and beneath the very capitol building itself. Now, a genera- tion later, many of these wells are still pro- ducing, including the whipstocked well which pumps oil from the dome structure beneath the capitol building. This has given rise to the truism that Oklahoma's domeless capitol build- ing, "has the dome underground." And, to the envy of other states with money problems, it produces oil. The Oklahoma City Field had more than its share of "wild wells." The most famous of these was "Wild Mary Sudik" which, in March, 1930, spouted oil like a huge subterranean whale and roared its defiance for eleven hectic days before being subdued. It is claimed that particles of "Wild Mary's" oil, wafted by the wind, were carried as far as Norman, twenty miles south. The flood of oil from Oklahoma, added to that from the huge East Texas field and other smaller fields, caused serious over-production. A remedy became imperative and so something new, a system of "pro-rating" oil production, was devised. It curbed waste and saved many an oilman from failure. The corrective, devel- oped with the help of strong Oklahoma lead- ership, led the state to be called the "mother of oil conservation." The Oklahoma City Field still produces a large amount of oil. Hundreds of derricks yet 1 dot the skyline and draw from the ground1 needed lubricants, while affording tourists a most unusual sight. The Wilcox Sand, Nature sometimes ia lavish and sometimes stingy with in which the Mary Sudik well struck her gifts.
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