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Tar Heel Junior Historian North Carolina History for Students Fall 2006 Volume 46, Number 1

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Tar Heel Junior Historian North Carolina History for Students Fall 2006 Volume 46, Number 1 ( f .' *„ t a. [ j ^aWP^Bi s?* '. / ■ . j Tar Heel Junior Historian North Carolina History for Students Fall 2006 Volume 46, Number 1 On the cover: Dr. Wesley Doggett (left) and Dr. Willard Bennett at work in a North Carolina State Contents University laboratory in the 1950s. Image courtesy of University Archives Photograph Collection, College of Engineering, Special Collections Research Center, North 1 Introduction: Turning 22 The Box That Changed Carolina State University Libraries. At right: This Ideas into Reality pale green Cheerwine bottle dates from about the World 1920. Cheerwine is one of several popular soft by Dr. Lenwood Davis by Dr. Tom Hanchett drinks invented in North Carolina. L. D. Peeler cre¬ ated the dark red, bubbly concoction in 1917 in the basement of his Salisbury wholesale grocery store. The Man Who Helped the Lest We Forget: Women Image courtesy of the North Carolina Museum of 6 24 History. World Breathe Easier Inventors by Lindsey Hinds-Brown by Dr. Lenwood Davis State of North Carolina Michael F. Easley, Governor Beverly E. Perdue, Lieutenant Governor 9 Caleb Bradham and the 25 African American Invention of Pepsi-Cola Brilliance Department of Cultural Resources by Patricia Carter Sluby Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary Staci T. Meyer, Chief Deputy Secretary 10 A Life-saving Team: The House That Harriet Built Office of Archives and History Gertrude Elion and 26 Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary Dr. George Hitching by Kathy Neill Henan by Lisa Coston Hall Division of State History Museums North Carolina Museum of History 28 The Gatling Gun Elizabeth F. Buford, Director by E. Frank Stephenson Jr. Heyward H. McKinney Jr., Chief Operations Officer 12 Inventions in the Tobacco William J. McCrea, Associate Director Industry David “Carbine ’ Williams by Ben Roberts 31 Education Section and the Invention of Michelle L. Carr, Curator of Internal Programs and Acting Section Chief the Ml Carbine Charlotte Sullivan, Curator of 14 John Blue, Inventor Outreach Programs and Media Coordinator by Sara M. Stewart 32 Elisha Mitchell and Tar Heel Junior Historian Association His Mountain Suzanne Mewbom, Program Coordinator Solving Modern Problems Paula Creech, Subscription Coordinator 16 by Suzanne Mewbom in Agriculture Tar Heel Junior Historian by Dee Shore Collecting Nature: The Doris McLean Bates, Editor in Chief 34 Lisa Coston Hall, Editor/Designer Beginning of the N.C. 18 ACTIVITIES Museum of Natural Sciences Tar Heel Junior Historian Association Advisory Board by Jonathan Pishney Annette Ayers, Mary Bonnett, Cris Crissman, Tar Heel Junior Historian from work by Margaret Martin Elaine Forman, Vince Greene, Lisa Coston Hall, 20 Jim Hartsell, Jackson Marshall, Suzanne Essay Contest Winners Mewbom, Charlotte Sullivan by David High and 36 North Carolina and the Birth Emily Camplejohn of Radio Broadcasting Do you need to contact the THJH editor? Send an e-mail to [email protected]. by Dr. Gaty L. Frost THE PURPOSE of Tar Heel Junior Historian magazine (ISSN 0496-8913) is to present the history of North Carolina to the students of this state through a well- balanced selection of scholarly articles, photographs, and illustrations. It is published two times per year for the Tar Heel Junior Historian Association by the North Carolina Museum of History, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-4650. Copies are provided free to association advisers. Members receive other benefits, as well Individual and library subscriptions may be purchased at the rate of $8.00 per year. © 2006, North Carolina Museum of History. PHOTOGRAPHS: North Carolina Museum of History photography is by Eric N. Blevins and D. Kent Thompson. EDITORIAL POLICY: Tar Heel Junior Historian solicits manuscripts from expert scholars for each issue. Articles are selected for publication by the editor in consultation with the conceptual editor and other experts. The editor reserves the right to make changes in articles accepted for publication but will consult the author should substantive questions arise. Published articles do not necessarily rep¬ resent the views of the North Carolina Museum of History, the Department of Cultural Resources, or any other state agency. The text of this journal is available on magnetic recording tape from the State Library, Services to the Blind and Physically Handicapped Branch. For information, call 1-888-388-2460. NINE THOUSAND copies of this public document were printed at an approximate cost of $5,865.00, or $.65 per copy. NORTH CAHOUNA DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL RESOURCES O INTRODUCTION ing Ideas into Reality by Dr. Lenwood Davis* Your life in 2006 is very different from the ties to our state. But lives of North Carolina students who lived hundreds of scien¬ two hundred years ago. You may ride in a tists and inventors bus, car, or other motor vehicle almost every day. have worked here, You may spend time watching television, working whether on their on a computer, talking on a telephone, or listening own or for a busi¬ to a radio or iPod. None of those activities—or ness, university, or other organization. even doing your homework by electric light— First Day Covers honor would have been possible for students in the There are several reasons why the issue of stamps not¬ ing the seventy-fifth 1800s. And none of them would have been an inventor may not be widely anniversary of the possible without inventors and scientists. known. He or she may have cre¬ Wright brothers' 1903 airplane flight in Ki tty Inventors and scientists change the world in big ated something intended for per¬ Hawk. Images courtesy of and small ways. Some find cures for diseases. sonal or local use, only. He or she the North Carolina Museum of History. Some invent brand-new products or technologies, might be employed by an indus¬ {Below) This historical try in which inventions are kept marker on U.S. 258 in which are ways to apply scientific knowledge to Hertford County honors daily life. Others come up with better ways to do as trade secrets, helping one inventor Richard Jordan Gatling. Image courtesy or make common things, building on the work of business, or be part of ongoing of E. Frank Stephenson Jr. earlier scientists and inventors. All of them face work involving so many people problems, challenges, or needs. They analyze, that we do not know all of their brainstorm, and experiment with, or try out, solu¬ names. An inventor might be unable to afford the tions. They turn imagination into reality. Can you complicated and sometimes lengthy process of get think of any famous inventors? ting a patent. Many people are unaware of the numerous A patent is an official, legal docu¬ inventions and scientific breakthroughs that have ment giving its holder the sole right happened in North Carolina. They probably have to make, use, and sell an invention heard of for a set amount of time. There are Wilbur and several kinds of patents, which the Orville Wright United States government first and the first offered in 1790 as a way to protect sustained, people's ideas from being used powered air¬ without their permission. Even if plane flight. an inventor secures a patent, he or she might be Some may unable to find anyone to manufacture the inven¬ have heard of tion, or it might not prove popular. Caleb Patent records, however, can tell us about many Bradham inventions. In the 1800s, for example. North (Pepsi-Cola), Carolinians often created devices and machines to Nothing So Good for the Children Richard Jordan improve agriculture and farming. These inven¬ in hoi weather as cool, delicious, sparkling Pepsi¬ Gatling (the tions, like many others, made life easier for people Cola. They love its delightful flavor of fresh fruit juices. And you can give them plenty of it, Gatling gun), or saved time. Early patent records list such items for it's just full of good health-giving properties. Refreshing in hot weather—invigorating at any Lunsford as corn shellers, cotton thinners, threshing time. Guaranteed under the Pure Food Law. machines, seed planters, and gristmills as being At All Fountains and in Bottles Richardson (Vicks invented by people from the Tar Heel State. Other Early posters (ca. 1900-1910) for Pepsi-Cola, which VapoRub), and individuals patented inventions such as improve¬ was invented in a New Bern drugstore in 1898, pushed its health benefits. Image courtesy of the North a few other ments in steam engines, washing machines, Carolina Museum of History. inventors with sawmills, and cigarette-making machines. *Dr. Lenwood Davis is an adjunct professor in the Department of English and Foreign THJH, Fall 2006 Languages at Winston-Salem State University and the author of an upcoming book on North Carolina inventors. r r _ _ T 7’y-.».uw Lesser-known North Carolina inven¬ tors include Fenton Foster, creator of What are patents, trade¬ goods. They can be marks, copyrights, and renewed forever, as the first practical typesetting apparatus trade secrets? All of long as a business (1875), a forerunner of the linotype these terms fall under the catego¬ is using them. ry of intellectual property—prod¬ Examples include machine. John C. Steel invented a light, ucts that come from the creative the roar of the hand-operated brick truck in 1888; by mind. Intellectual property is MGM movie lion; 1900 J. C. Steel Brick Company was one imagination made real. It is an the pink color of asset like a home, car, or bank Owens-Coming of the state's leading brick-producing account. Like all property, intellec¬ insulation; names companies. Carl R. Livermon invented tual property needs to be protect¬ like Velcro, an improved peanut picker in 1912. ed from theft and misuse. Kleenex, Play- Many North Carolinians have eot- Doh, and Nike; Livermon patented that device and oth¬ Patents give the people who hold and a Coca-Cola ers but also invented things for which he them the sole rights to make, use, bottle's shape.
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