Mars Frontier

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mars Frontier THE MARS FRONTIER Vol. 12 Voyage of Discovery Copyright © 2009 Robert H. Stockman All rights reserved Contents 1. Ball Game 2 2. Stamford 20 3. Washington 40 4. Houston 51 5. Beijing 73 6. Paris 81 7. Kourou 94 8. Outbreak 105 9. Tie Your Camel 126 10. Conflagration 142 11. Arrival 157 12. Welcomes 173 13. Looking to the Future 193 14. The Prize 208 15. Dawes 219 16. Trials 230 17. Crises 248 18. Uzboi 267 19. Dedication 287 20. Equinox 296 1 1. Ball Game early Jan. 2059 “La vostra partecipazione a Progetto del Nuovo Mondo porterà grandi benefici a tutta l'umanità. Grazzi.” Will Elliott repeated the last sentence of the Italian version of his “stump speech” slowly, carefully, deliberately. Reading the speech at about one third his usual speed, his accent really wasn’t bad. Computerized editing would take his ploddings, squeeze out the extra time, add rhythms and intonations from his English version, and produce something that made him sound almost like a native speaker. Such was the power of mid twenty-first century computer technology and the cultural expectations that drove it. He paused to look at the 3-d screen on the wall near his desk. It was set on “porthole” mode; he could see Earth in the middle, about a third the diameter of the moon as it appeared from Earth. They were still a million kilometers out, a day from aerocapture into an elliptical orbit around the home world. The image looked real; the half that was illumined by the sun was even so bright that it made his eyes water slightly. He wasn’t in the mood to tape the German version of his speech. It all felt slightly dishonest to him; never mind it was now standard procedure. As someone had recently quipped, even the President of the United States now had to look like he could make speeches in perfect French, and the President of France reciprocated with speeches in excellent English, usually without computer assistance. The Commissioner of Mars, representing most of the cultures of the world, could do no less. 2 But instead he glanced around his small room that had been the Commissioner’s bedroom and office for the last 184 days. It wasn’t much to look at; it was three meters deep and four wide. On the voyage home he’d have even less space because the vehicle would have five times as many passengers. It had a bed over the desk, which had drawers for his clothes as well as for office items; in addition to his chair, the room had a folding chair for a guest. A tiny closet held his six changes of clothes. That was it. The videophone beeped, indicating an incoming call from Earth. Now that they had passed the million kilometer mark, round trip communications had dropped to six seconds, allowing easy, spontaneous calls. He activated the videophone and could see that Louisa Turner, the Mars Commission’s Director of Media Relations, was calling. She was perfectly quaffed, as always, looking much younger than her 70 years. “Hi Louisa,” he began. “Hi Will. Boy, the time delay is almost something one can ignore. But I had better continue to talk in big blocks, so we don’t interrupt each other. We’ve added three more sentences to your standard speech based on your comments yesterday. Don’t worry if you’ve taped one or more language versions; you can tape the addition and we’ll edit it in. Most of the time the press will only select a few sound bites anyway; you’ll deliver your speech in English and they’ll play your translation of the pieces they want. “The interview with Ted Chappel has been delayed; he’ll be calling you at 6 tonight. This is a major late-night news analysis and interview program with about thirty million viewers in the U.S. and Canada, with another million in South Africa over a cable station. It’ll be broadcast the night after you land at Kennedy. I sent him the suggested questions and he was touchy about them, but a friend of mine who arranged for an 3 interview with a political candidate told me he’ll end up using a lot of the questions anyway. A lot of reporters, even good ones, are lazy. It makes my job easier. “We have three requests for interviews with Marshall. I’ve explained that you don’t want him interviewed, but that hasn’t worked; the media smells a big human interest story. We’re talking about a handsome, articulate 19 year old who was the first child born on Mars, especially when you consider that practically every sleezy tabloid on Earth ran a story about his birth that implied he was genetically deformed or the offspring of an alien. Marshall’s stuck; he has name recognition. So you need to tell me how we’ll manage that. “As for diplomatic meetings, it appears the White House invitation will fall in the middle of your vacation in Stamford and there’s nothing we can do about it. The President’s schedule is less flexible than yours. “Over to you now.” Will had to smile at her “over.” “Thanks, Louisa, but with a six second round trip, let’s not use ‘over’! I’ll tape the additional sentences. I completed the French and Italian versions. Okay with the Ted Chappell interview and the meeting with the President. But I really want to protect Marshall as much as possible. He has no idea what to expect. I’m willing to have him in some interviews with me, but not separately. Maybe that will work. I know MIT has agreed to protect him from the media as much as possible, and I hope that will be good enough. “Do I have to tape these silly multilingual versions of my speech? This entire effort has the feel of a political campaign. Can you be sure to label the French, Italian, German, and Spanish versions as ‘computer edited’ or something? It just feels wrong. 4 I’ve been watching foreign leaders speak in clear English for several years and never noticed that it wasn’t spontaneous. Back to you.” He waited a few seconds, then she replied with a laugh. “Will, you and a few old people and everyone under age 5 think the English is real! Everyone else on Earth knows it isn’t. There’s no need to tell people. We have to collect together all these cultural differences between the worlds and publicize them; they’re great human interest material. “As for this sounding like a political campaign, that’s how publicity trips are arranged. The coordinator of your trip was an assistant director of the Democratic Presidential campaign some time ago; a campaign they won. Everyone has a standard speech that they use and reuse, a speech that reiterates the basic points they want to make. Your standard speech does exactly that: Mars is humanity’s future, Mars will take us to the stars, Mars is a family-friendly, moral and just place with no poverty or war, Mars has vast natural resources, Mars will teach us how to live together as a species, Mars will usher in a new civilization, every nation must send a proportional number of colonists; it’s a great, upbeat, optimistic message, and like a typical political speech it has elements of truth in it. Yes, it practically makes you sound like you’re running for President of Earth, but don’t worry, they won’t create the position for you, and meanwhile Mars will end up with billions of dollars of more support long term. And that’s the point. You’re meeting at least twelve heads of state, several hundred government officials, representatives of twenty space agencies, you’re attending a special Mars Exploration Society conference, you’re convening the Mars Landowners Assembly in Houston, you’re hosting a Mars Development Conference in Berlin. all to sell Mars. 5 “As for Marshall appearing in interviews with you, that has a lot of potential. I’ll work with it. It’s a reasonable compromise and will give him some experience if the public interest continues after you leave. “That’s all I had for you. Anything else for me?” “No. Thanks, Louisa. You’re a million.” “Thanks Will. I’m looking forward to meeting you for the first time in about forty-eight hours. Bye.” “Bye.” Will closed the circuit and paused to reflect about how money was an unfortunate necessity for everything. At least the optimistic, almost utopian speech reflected his own vision of Mars’s future; it was the reason he could sell the place. Marshall popped into the doorway suddenly after jogging down the hallway. “Dad, the last zero-gee volleyball game of the voyage starts in ten minutes. The gym closes at 4 p.m. so that it can be stowed for aerocapture.” “Oh?” Will glanced at his chronometer; it was 1:49 p.m. “Okay, I’m on my way. I can’t pass up that opportunity.” He rose from his chair, closed the door, and quickly changed into gym shorts and a t-shirt, put on sneakers with velcro soles, then took the elevator up to the hub of the rotating spacecraft. The elevator moved slowly so that he could adjust to the waning gravity. When the door opened he was virtually weightless. He leaped along the wall to the docking module, where he could enter the zero-gravity gym.
Recommended publications
  • Volcanism on Mars
    Author's personal copy Chapter 41 Volcanism on Mars James R. Zimbelman Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA William Brent Garry and Jacob Elvin Bleacher Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Code 600, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA David A. Crown Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA Chapter Outline 1. Introduction 717 7. Volcanic Plains 724 2. Background 718 8. Medusae Fossae Formation 725 3. Large Central Volcanoes 720 9. Compositional Constraints 726 4. Paterae and Tholi 721 10. Volcanic History of Mars 727 5. Hellas Highland Volcanoes 722 11. Future Studies 728 6. Small Constructs 723 Further Reading 728 GLOSSARY shield volcano A broad volcanic construct consisting of a multitude of individual lava flows. Flank slopes are typically w5, or less AMAZONIAN The youngest geologic time period on Mars identi- than half as steep as the flanks on a typical composite volcano. fied through geologic mapping of superposition relations and the SNC meteorites A group of igneous meteorites that originated on areal density of impact craters. Mars, as indicated by a relatively young age for most of these caldera An irregular collapse feature formed over the evacuated meteorites, but most importantly because gases trapped within magma chamber within a volcano, which includes the potential glassy parts of the meteorite are identical to the atmosphere of for a significant role for explosive volcanism. Mars. The abbreviation is derived from the names of the three central volcano Edifice created by the emplacement of volcanic meteorites that define major subdivisions identified within the materials from a centralized source vent rather than from along a group: S, Shergotty; N, Nakhla; C, Chassigny.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    RELATIVE AGES AND THE GEOLOGIC EVOLUTION OF MARTIAN TERRAIN UNITS (MARS, CRATERS). Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors BARLOW, NADINE GAIL. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 23:02:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184013 INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. o Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17"x 23" black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm.
    [Show full text]
  • Another Giant Caldera Volcano?
    www.MantlePlumes.org McCall (2008) http://www.mantleplumes.org/Mercury.html Mercury’s “spider” – another giant caldera volcano? G.J.H. McCall 44 Robert Franklin Way, South Cerney, Glos. GL7 5UD [email protected] Dr Joe McCall, retired, is a former Reader (Associate Professor) of Geology at the University of Western Australia. He also curated the meteorites at the Western Australian Museum during his time in Perth. Besides his professional work on terrestrial geology he has long had an interest in the extraterrestrial extensions of geology, to the Moon, Mars, Mercury and other bodies in the Solar System. He was recently leading editor of a history of Meteoritics and key collections, published by the Geological Society of London, of which he is a Senior Fellow. He was awarded its prestigious Coke medal in 1994. This letter reports the discovery, by means of comparison of a MESSENGER image of part of the Caloris Basin, Mercury, with images of Martian caldera volcanoes, of a very large caldera volcano. The structure, which has been called "the spider" informally by the MESSENGER team, and has hitherto been unexplained, is ~330 km in diameter and shows remarkable similarities to the giant Martian caldera volcanoes Ceraunius Tholus, Uranius Tholus and Tyrrhenia Patera. I have long had an interest in Mercury and regretted its long neglect without follow-ups to the Mariner 10 visit1. I have also written about the giant caldera volcano of Olympus Mons on Mars2. Mercury’s newly revealed and surprising image of a structure within the Caloris Basin, informally named "the spider" by the MESSENGER team, was recently discussed in Science Daily, as downloaded from the Web on 13.3.083 (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Relative Ages of Olympus Mons, Uranius Tholus, Euripus Mons, and Hecates Tholus
    A Study of the Relative Ages of Olympus Mons, Uranius Tholus, Euripus Mons, and Hecates Tholus Supai Middle School 7th Grade Science Investigations Class May, 2011 Introduction & Hypotheses Science Question: What is the difference in the relative ages of Olympus Mons, Uranius Tholus, Euripus Mons, and Hecates Tholus and their respective cones, calderas, and flanks? Our science question is important because, by finding an answer, we will be able to piece together some of the history of the formation of Martian landscape, which could help us understand if there is a cycle in the formation of volcanoes over time, and if this would also apply to Earth, as well as Mars. This query intrigues us, because its answer will allow us to gain further knowledge of Mars and its geological properties, which will possibly aid further studies into this topic, or pertaining to, these four volcanoes. From previous research, we hypothesize that Uranius Tholus is the oldest volcano. Also, based on the amount of craters that we have found on its surface, we believe that Olympus Mons is the youngest. Background First, we will state all what we learned while we were collecting data for our experimental design. We learned that a volcano is a formation made of the planet’s crust which contains lava and releases out of a caldera (the top part of the volcano). The lava then flows down the cone, or the rising part between the caldera and flank. The flank would be the outer most rim where lava stopped flowing. Magma is lava that has yet to reach a planets surface and is in the mantle.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGY of URANIUS THOLUS, MARS. J. B. Plescia, U. S. Geological Survey, 2255 N
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXX 1648.pdf GEOLOGY OF URANIUS THOLUS, MARS. J. B. Plescia, U. S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001. The Uranius group of volcanoes in the northeast some ejecta can be traced a short distance onto the part of Tharsis includes Uranius Patera, Uranius northern flank. Tholus, and Ceraunius Tholus; these are among the Numerous closed depressions occur on the flank; smaller and older tholi and paterae. Analysis of they appear rimless and are interpreted to be collapse these constructs is important for understanding the features. In several cases troughs occur down slope nature and style of early volcanism in Tharsis. Pre- from the depressions, but the troughs are not physi- vious studies have considered these volcanoes only in cally connected to the depressions at the surface. a general manner (1, 2). Here the geology of Ura- Several troughs are clearly observed on the flank nius Tholus is presented; Ceraunius Tholus and and additional unresolved troughs are suggested by Uranius Patera are described elsewhere (3). the flank texture. Most troughs begin just below the Uranius Tholus (Table 1) is the smallest and caldera rim; none breach the rim. The heads of most poorly imaged construct of the Uranius group, some troughs are marked by a wider, shallow depres- making geologic analysis difficult. The flanks are sion; others by simple theater-headed end. Troughs characterized by troughs and several large craters; are 600 - 1200 m wide. The southern side of the the summit region by a caldera complex. flank lacks obvious troughs and has a texture sug- gesting the flank is covered with lava flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanism on Mars
    Papers Presented to the NASA MEVI'V Program Working Group Meeting: Volcanism on Mars Oahu, Hawaii June 27-30, 1988 Sponsored by Lunar and Planetary Institute Hosted by University of Hawaii at Manoa LPI Contrihutinn No. 660 Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires written permission from the author as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Preface Welcome to Hawaii! Contained within are the abstracts that were received in response to our announcement of the working group meeting. As you know, the purpose of the MEVTV program is to further the understanding of volcanism, tectonism, and volatiles on Mars, and to explore the interactions among these processes. The purpose of this working group meeting is to focus predominantly on volcanism on Mars, prior to considering the more complex Issues of interactions between volcanism and tectonism or between volcanism and global or regional volatile evolution. We also hope to identify the topical areas of research that will aid the planetary geology community in understanding volcanism on Mars and its relationship to other physical processes. We wish you a stimulating and enjoyable stay in Hawaii! The Working Group Committee TABLE OF CONTENTS Eruptive Viscosity and Volcano Morphology S. B. Posin and R. Greeley ............................................................................. 1 Faulting and its Relation to Volcanism: Mars' Western Equatorial Region D. H. Scott and J. Dohm ................................................................................. 5 Lava Thicknesses: Implications for Rheological and Crustal Development C. R. J. Kilburn and R. M. C. Lopes ............................................................. 9 Mars: Volcanism in the Valles Marineris Overlooked? B.
    [Show full text]
  • 15. Volcanic Activity on Mars
    15. Volcanic Activity on Mars Martian volcanism, preserved at the surface, composition), (2) domes and composite cones, is extensive but not uniformly distributed (Fig. (3) highland paterae, and related (4) volcano- 15.1). It includes a diversity of volcanic land- tectonic features. Many plains units like Lu- forms such as central volcanoes, tholi, paterae, nae Planum and Hesperia Planum are thought small domes as well as vast volcanic plains. to be of volcanic origin, fed by clearly defined This diversity implies different eruption styles volcanoes or by huge fissure volcanism. Many and possible changes in the style of volcanism small volcanic cone fields in the northern plains with time as well as the interaction with the are interpreted as cinder cones (Wood, 1979), Martian cryosphere and atmosphere during the formed by lava and ice interaction (Allen, evolution of Mars. Many volcanic constructs 1979), or as the product of phreatic eruptions are associated with regional tectonic or local (Frey et al., 1979). deformational features. An overview of the temporal distribution of Two topographically dominating and mor- processes, including the volcanic activity as phologically distinct volcanic provinces on Mars well as the erosional processes manifested by are the Tharsis and Elysium regions. Both are large outflow channels ending in the northern situated close to the equator on the dichotomy lowlands and sculpting large units of the vol- boundary between the cratered (older) high- canic flood plains has been given by Neukum lands and the northern lowlands and are ap- and Hiller (1981). This will be discussed in proximately 120◦ apart. They are characterized this work together with new findings.
    [Show full text]
  • PORTADA NO BORRAR.Indd
    SUFREN ATENTADO ALISTA SENADO RATIFICACIÓN OFICINAS DE LE QUITA CHIVAS EL DE MORALES LA ONU EN OXÍGENO A NECAXA EN LA PGR AFGANISTÁN NACIONAL A 10 DEPORTES C 1 INTERNACIONAL C 6 Año 58. No. 19,313 $6.00 Colima, CoIima Sábado 2 de Abril de 2011 www.diariodecolima.com Informan PGR y PGJE: Identifi can a los asesinos de Silverio Cinco de ellos están detenidos y otros cinco prófugos; pertenecen a una organización criminal que opera en varios estados del país, entre ellos Colima; aún no se sabe el móvil del crimen Jesús TREJO MONTELÓN titucionales, está consignando la presunta responsabilidad de 10 personas, entre ellos Cinco individuos que están relacionados el autor material, por los delitos de homi- con el asesinato del exgobernador Silverio cidio califi cado y asociación delictuosa, Cavazos Ceballos están detenidos, mientras en agravio de Silverio Cavazos”, señaló la que cinco más están prófugos de la justi- procuradora. cia, informaron la procuradora Yolanda Ignacio Peralta apuntó que la Marina Verduzco Guzmán y el director general llevó a cabo la detención de 24 personas de Control y Vinculación Estratégica de la por los delitos de delincuencia organizada, PGR, Ignacio Peralta. contra la salud y por posesión ilegal de En conferencia de prensa en Palacio de armas de uso exclusivo del Ejército y las Gobierno, la funcionaria estatal informó Fuerzas Armadas. que, a partir de una denuncia ciudadana Explicó que la PGR está consignando anónima, se logró identifi car la casa de ante el juez competente por delitos del fue- seguridad ubicada en Río Coahuayana ro federal a cinco probables responsables número 472, de la colonia Placetas Estadio, relacionados con los hechos que privaron en Colima, misma que fue intervenida por de la vida a Silverio Cavazos.
    [Show full text]
  • Martian Parent Craters for the SNC Meteorites
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 97, NO. E6, PAGES 10,213-10,225, JUNE 25, 1992 Martian Parent Craters For The SNC Meteorites P. J. MOUGINIS-MARK, T. J. McCoY, G. J. TAYLOR, AND K. KEIL Planetary Geosciences,Department of Geology and Geopttysics,School of Ocean and Earth Scienceand Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu The young ages (~1.3 Ga) and the basalticto ultramafic compositionsof the shergottites, nakhlites,and chassignitesmeteorites severely restrict their potentialsource regions on Mars. We have usedthis age and compositionalinformation, together with geologicdata derivedfrom Viking Orbiterimages, to identify25 candidateimpact craters in the Tharsisregion of Mars that couldbe the source crater for these meteorites. None of these craters are close to the size (~100 km diameter)implied by the dynamicalstudy of SNC ejectiondeveloped by Vickery and Melosh (1987). The craters in our study were selectedbecause they are >10 km in diameter, have morphologiesindicative of youngcraters, and satisfyboth the petrologiccriteria of the SNCs and the proposed1.3 Ga crystallizationages. Of these 25 craters,only nine are found on geologic unitsbelieved to be young(crater density is lessthan 570 cratersof greaterthan 1 km diameterper 106km2). No crater exists to satisfywell the criteria of samplingboth a 1.3Ga surface (nakhlites and Chassigny)and a 180 Ma surface(shergottites) without at the sametime imposingsignificant constraintson the chronologyof Mars as inferredfrom the cumulativecrater cur•es. The relatively young age (based
    [Show full text]
  • Setting the Scene Image Description
    Geologic Scene Investigators: Part 1 – Scratching the Surface Setting the Scene Image Information Please look carefully at the images and select those appropriate to the age of the children in your program. The images with the lower numbers should be the most easy for the children to identify. Mix and match to your audience needs! Ways to identify features • Flowing water erodes – or carves – ribbon-like channels across the surface. The flow pattern may be “dendritic," looking like a tree that branches out into progressively finer limbs. The term comes from the Greek, dendrites: tree-like. • Very rapidly flowing water carves wider, deeper channels, often made of several channels "braided" together. Tear-drop shaped islands and large scattered blocks of material are sometimes present. • Volcanos create "cones" or "domes" on the surface. These rise above the surface, and often have a circular bowl at the peak. Note that the sides may be steep, like Mount Rainier or Mount St. Helens, found in the Northwest of the United States. Other volcanos are more gentle, made from runny lava, like the volcanos of Hawaii or many of the volcanos on Mars. The base of a volcano forms a rough circle, but often it's edges are scallop-shaped because volcanos form from many lava flows over a long time. Depending on the angle of the Sun, volcanos will cast a shadow on the surface of the planet beyond the volcano. • Craters are holes, or depressions, in the surface. They often have a very sharp, circular rim. The rim may be raised a little above the surface, and it is surrounded by material that was thrown out of the crater when the impactor hit.
    [Show full text]
  • Mars: an Introduction to Its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere
    MARS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ITS INTERIOR, SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE Our knowledge of Mars has changed dramatically in the past 40 years due to the wealth of information provided by Earth-based and orbiting telescopes, and spacecraft investiga- tions. Recent observations suggest that water has played a major role in the climatic and geologic history of the planet. This book covers our current understanding of the planet’s formation, geology, atmosphere, interior, surface properties, and potential for life. This interdisciplinary text encompasses the fields of geology, chemistry, atmospheric sciences, geophysics, and astronomy. Each chapter introduces the necessary background information to help the non-specialist understand the topics explored. It includes results from missions through 2006, including the latest insights from Mars Express and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Containing the most up-to-date information on Mars, this book is an important reference for graduate students and researchers. Nadine Barlow is Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Northern Arizona University. Her research focuses on Martian impact craters and what they can tell us about the distribution of subsurface water and ice reservoirs. CAMBRIDGE PLANETARY SCIENCE Series Editors Fran Bagenal, David Jewitt, Carl Murray, Jim Bell, Ralph Lorenz, Francis Nimmo, Sara Russell Books in the series 1. Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere Edited by Bagenal, Dowling and McKinnon 978 0 521 81808 7 2. Meteorites: A Petrologic, Chemical and Isotopic Synthesis Hutchison 978 0 521 47010 0 3. The Origin of Chondrules and Chondrites Sears 978 0 521 83603 6 4. Planetary Rings Esposito 978 0 521 36222 1 5.
    [Show full text]
  • LARGEST THARSIS VOLCANOES KEEP GROWING and MARK >4-GA-LASTING MARTIAN HOT SPOTS. J. Ciazela1, D. Mège1, B. Pieterek2, M
    50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2132) 1364.pdf LARGEST THARSIS VOLCANOES KEEP GROWING AND MARK >4-GA-LASTING MARTIAN HOT SPOTS. J. Ciazela1, D. Mège1, B. Pieterek2, M. Ciazela1, J. Gurgurewicz1, A. Lagain3, and P.-A. Tesson1, 1Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland ([email protected]), 2Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Bogumila Krygowskiego 12, 60-680 Poznan, Poland, 3Space Science and Technology Centre, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. Introduction: Due to the lack of plate tectonics The volumes were calculated with ArcMap using and magnetic field, the Martian core was long inter- the digital elevation model (DEM) from MOLA/MGS preted to be entirely solid and volcanism on Mars ex- (128 pixels/degree). In order to estimate a realistic tinct. This has been recently questioned by several error on the method, we have also computed simplified works suggesting existence of a liquid outermost layer volumes from the right conical frustums approximating at the Martian core [1–3]. The liquid core would ex- volcano shapes. The error bars in Fig. 1 represent the plain the growing body of evidence for recent (2-250 average relative volume difference between the DEM- Ma) Martian volcanism [4–10], and volcanic gases derived and simplified volumes. (i.e., CH4, H2S, SO2, and HCl) are currently tracked Results and Discussion: Our results indicate a sig- down by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) [11, nificant inverse correlation (R2 = 0.83) between volca- 12]. Two million years make up <0.1% of the Mars no volume and youngest summit caldera age, con- age (4567 myr) indicating timespan of volcano erup- sistent with earlier studies [4, 6] (Fig.
    [Show full text]