During May, WFP delivered 5,474 MT of food aid via aircraft flying out of Lokichoggio. A fleet of five C-130s flew an average of three rotations per day, enabling WFP to dispatch between 190 and 250 MT daily. Unfortunately, the planes were plagued with numerous technical problems, and at times, two of the five planes were grounded simultaneously to undergo repairs. Overall, 30 rotations were lost in the month. Some planned activities had to be postponed, while other beneficiaries were forced to wait for long hours or even days for their food to be delivered.

WFP also delivered 1,035 MT of CSB to Southern Sector areas via aircraft flying out of El Obeid. Unfortunately, CSB was the only commodity available from El Obeid. However, the pipeline is expected to improve in June as some cereals have started arriving in Port Sudan.

On 29 May, the Government of Sudan gave flight clearance for all locations requested for June with the exception of Ganyiel, Leer, Nhialdiu, Duar, Mankien, Toy, Gumriak, Akop, Yei, Lokutok, Thiet, Mapel, Tonj, Baw and Beneshowa, and south of the line Kapoeta, Torit, Juba and Yei. There were no changes from the clearances given for May.

2.2 Road Operations

Five convoys departed for South Sudan with 2,041 MT of food. Some 58% of this tonnage was carried by three convoys from Koboko through the western corridor. Although the use of road transport is less expensive than by air, efforts to maximise use of convoys were hampered by worsening road conditions caused by heavy rains in Western Equatoria and Gogrial County.

3 WFP DELIVERIES BY MODE OF TRANPSORT (MT) MAY 2001

2041

290

6218

Airdrop Airlift Road

One of the largest trucking companies operating from Lokichoggio has pulled out of that location and relocated to Koboko. The company had a capacity of 96MT, and handled about 40% of WFP road deliveries in the eastern corridor. No other companies have moved in to fill the void thus created, so the remaining companies must be used in two rotations, thereby doubling the time it takes to complete road deliveries of food in the area.

2.3 Field Bases

An anti-personnel mine was found by de-miners who are inspecting the Rumbek base compound and its surrounding areas. The de-mining work was still in progress at the time of this report. Nevertheless, construction of the base is continuing smoothly.

3. PROGRAMME

3.1 Overview

A total of 8,550 MT of food was delivered for just over 1.3 million beneficiaries throughout the S. Sector as a whole in the month of May. This amounts to 80% of needs as estimated by the ANA. After having limited deliveries from January through April to only 50% because of weak commodity pipelines, WFP was able to distribute this large quantity in May thanks to the rapid dispatch from Mombasa to Lokichoggio and Koboko of the 23,000 MT of cereals that arrived in late April, coupled with the timely prepositioning of additional C-130 aircraft in Lokichoggio. The slight under-delivery is attributed to the technical problems with the C-130 aircraft mentioned above,

4 deteriorating road conditions in the Western corridor due to heavy rains, and reduced trucking capacity in both corridors.

2001 - ACTUAL DELIVERIES VS PLANNED AS PER ANA

12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 MT 4,000 2,000 0

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov MT ACTUAL MONTH MT PLANNED

SPLA attacks on strategic outposts around Wau town and along the road towards Raga town are expected to result in massive displacement of people, especially if any big towns are hit. Recent attacks took place in the outposts of Ngongba, Yobula and Deim Zubeir. Over 12,000 persons have already been displaced from Wau Town and Aluk into the Bararud, Acumcum and Mapel areas. The OLS Emergency Response team has concluded that agencies should keep strategic stocks in the field, especially near airstrips where people might flee, as experience has shown that, in order to seek assistance, IDPs will head for airstrips used by humanitarian agencies. WFP is already building up food stocks near two airstrips, and WFP Koboko is reorganizing resources in preparation for possible convoys from there.

3.2. Pipeline

In May, Lokichoggio continued to deliver food to southern sector locations normally serviced from the north, and this will continue into July, when the Northern Sector pipeline is expected to improve. Fortunately, the cereals and pulses pipelines for South Sudan are strong for the remainder of the year. However, the vegetable oil pipeline is expected to rupture in June, with no new shipments anticipated until August at the earliest. Current supplies of CSB, including over 300 MT which will be delivered from the northern sector, plus a shipment of some 580 MT expected in in the month, will only cover expected needs through June. June is the month of the year with the highest estimated food aid needs, as that month is the peak of the Hunger Gap period. Additional CSB is expected no earlier than August.

5 WFP Southern Sector stocks and expected deliveries as at 30th May 2001

TOTAL AVAILABLE OR EXPECTED Cereals Pulses Oil Salt CSB Biscuits TOTAL STOCKS at 31 May 2001 17,920 2,000 497 44 738 12 21,211 EXPECTED SHIPMENTS/PURCHASES 15,000 0 0 0 907 0 15,907 EXPECTED - VESSEL TBI 0 457 1,474 0 0 0 1,931 TOTAL 32,920 2,457 1,971 44 1,645 12 39,050

3.3 Upper Nile and Jonglei

Security Continuous air bombardments and ground attacks in Padit (Ruweng County) caused major unrest among the local population and were a security threat for humanitarian agencies. As a result, WFP and MedAir teams were relocated to Lokichoggio. Nevertheless, WFP managed to deliver in Padit part of the Ruweng County May food allocation for beneficiaries of Gumriak,Tagiel, and Biem.

Seven aid workers, including two from WFP, had to be relocated to Lokichoggio due to fighting in in Udier, Latjor State. Fortunately, the WFP team had already completed the distribution a few hours before the fighting borke out..

The WFP team waiting for food deliveries in Lankien, Bieh State, had to suspend operations and relocate following reports of military movements due to tribal cattle raiding in the area. OLS security has reviewed the situation and cleared the location for operations. WFP will return in early June.

Six humanitarian workers, including one from WFP, were relocated from Ganyiel (Pulmok) in Leech State to Lokichoggio following reports of fighting near Nyal town. All intended interventions for both Nyal and Pulmok have been affected and the security situation in the area remains tense.

Kiechkuon (Latjor), Yuai (Bieh) and Paboung (Leech) remain insecure, thereby preventing WFP from carrying out planned interventions in those areas.

Food Distribution In the Upper Nile and Jonglei regions, WFP distributed 3,263 MT of food aid, or 82% of the planned distributions, to just under 269,000 targeted beneficiaries in May.

All planned interventions were completed in Bor County and Phou State, as WFP was able to access most locations there. Inaccessibility due to insecurity prevented distributions at a few locations in Leech, Latjor and Bieh States. In addition, the C-130 aircraft conducted fewer rotations per day due to technical problems, which forced staff to remain on the ground for more days than planned

The WFP team in Kuernyang, Phou State, reported that about 700 displaced persons and 300 returnees were in the area. The IDPs reportedly came from Leech State and Ruweng County due to fighting in the oil field areas.

6 The populations that had migrated from their homes in Bieh State, whether to follow a traditional prophet or as part of the annual seasonal migration in search of water and grazing for cattle, are returning back to their home areas. Estimates are that as much as 80% of the population have returned. A WFP assessment team confirmed that the population was attacked by the Murles while en route. Clan fighting was also reported south of the Sobat River. As a result, an estimated 6,000 IDPs moved from the area through Lankien. To support returnees, WFP intervention teams were in most parts of Bieh State distributing food aid and monitoring population movements in Pieri, Motot, Pading, Pultruk, Tangyang, Pajut and Akob.

Relief committee selection, training and follow-ups continued with all WFP teams in most parts of Upper Nile and Jonglei region.

Assessments WFP conducted an assessment of the food security situation in Phou State during a food aid distribution that took place there from 09 – 24 May. Two sites, Toch and Old Fangak, were visited, but key informant interviews enabled the collection of information about the general situation in the whole state.

At the time of the assessment, all of the population was busy with land clearing in preparation for the coming cultivation season. Their efforts were facilitated by the seeds and tools that Action Against Hunger had distributed in the area. Cattle were returning from the toic. Fishing was ongoing, again facilitated by a distribution of fishing equipment by Action Against Hunger, and it is anticipated that fish will contribute a larger amount to peoples' diet because of this.

In terms of crop production, the findings of the ANA were largely confirmed, with the exception that many households ran out of their own grain supplies by the end of March rather than in early May as predicted. This was primarily due to sharing with IDPs. Inter-factional fighting in Leech State and inter-clan conflict in Atar has displaced an estimated 14,000 people to Zeraph Island since October 2000. More displaced are likely to come to this are in the future due to the prevailing peaceful conditions.

3.4 Lakes

Food Distribution In May, WFP distributed 903 MT of food aid to just under 95,000 targeted beneficiaries in the Lakes region. This was only 68% of the tonnage planned for distribution according to the ANA, due to heavy rains that disrupted interventions. One convoy from Koboko to Mapear was forced to off-load its food some 18 km from their destination due to poor weather conditions.

Throughout the month, there were reports of sporadic arrivals of Nuer IDPs into Rumbek town from the Upper Nile region. WFP is following up on the situation. A distribution for 10,000 people in Mapear (Rumbek County) included 1,250 Nuer IDPs among the beneficiaries.

7 In western Yirol County, WFP completed a distribution in Dor, serving 10,000 beneficiaries, which included vegetable oil for the first time. The oil could be delivered to the location after the community extended their airstrip.

Food was distributed to 20,000 people in Wuncuei (Tonj County). Of these beneficiaries, almost 13,000 were Nuer IDPs. In Akop (Marial 2) a total of 4,800 IDPs and 4,000 residents were served. Tracking of the IDPs moving in and out of Upper Nile still remains a concern in this county. The WFP team working in Wuncuei reported that both IDPs and residents were accessing wild foods and fish, which they sell or exchange for grain in the market. The team met together with SRRA representatives, community leaders, relief committees and IDP representatives to discuss the influx of IDPs in the county and to resolve issues regarding distribution figures for IDPs and residents in the location. This forum recommended that a population analysis be conducted to get better information on the IDPs who had settled in the area and were cultivating versus the new groups who require assistance from WFP.

3.5 Equatoria

Security On 09 May, an ICRC aircraft was hit by gunfire near the Didinga Hills, and the co-pilot was killed. The plane, en route from Lokichokio to Juba, was reportedly hit twice. At the time of the incident, the aircraft was climbing over the mountains after having pressure problems that had kept it under 10,000 feet AGL.

Several other security incidents were reported in this region, including the bombing of the village of Tali Post in Mundri County. No incidents had direct affect on WFP operations.

Food Distribution In May, WFP distributed 854 MT of food aid to approximately 86,500 people in Equatoria. This was only 30% of the tonnage planned for distribution according to the ANA, due in large part to the suspension of operations in Kapoeta following numerous incidents of looting and unauthorised distributions. Distributions are continuing in the Narus and Natinga IDP camps, however. In addition, heavy rains disrupted distributions in the region, teams faced difficulties with counterparts in the field, and some vehicles had mechanical With the onset of the rains, it become increasingly problems. difficult for WFP Aid Convoys to move. WFP teams in Torit County reported that interventions were proceeding extremely slowly due to heavy rains and ongoing cultivation activities. Relief committee training was similarly hindered. The teams observed that food security remained poor in the area, as

8 the medium and better off groups are trading their livestock for grain in Isoke and Ikotos, while relief food and kinship are currently the main source of food for the poor and very poor groups. However, they noted that, due to timely and consistent rains during the month, cultivation was proceeding well.

Following difficulties with counterparts and chiefs in Budi County, it was decided that WFP teams will spend more time in the area to train relief committees and counterparts. Distributions in Cuiebet County were delayed for several days due to breakdown of a vehicle based in the area, while due to weather conditions, a Koboko convoy could not reach Mapear.

3.6 Northern Bahr el Ghazal

Security Acumcum in Wau County was reportedly bombed on 02 May, but there were no reports of casualties. WFP has plans for populations of both Acumcum and Bararud to receive food, but both locations have been “red no go” since the end of February, so no interventions can take place in the area.

Early in the month, OLS Security advised agencies not to operate in Adet, Ajiep, Malualwut and Atukuel in Gogrial County, due to the heavy presence of SPLA and GOS forces around Wau and Aweil town. This affected road deliveries to Atukuel and Malualwut, with the food subsequently offloaded in Lunyaker, forcing the beneficiaries to walk for over eight hours to access it.

Four GOS trains that have been in southern Sudan started moving towards the north from Aweil town by the second week of the month. They were reported to have stopped somewhere between Aweil town and Wedwill (a GOS military garrison), forcing OLS security to limit activities in Malualwut, Nyamlell, Mayom Akol and Maker. In addition, there have been reports of an increase of IDPs from these locations to Akuem and Malualkon (Aweil East) and Marial Bai in Aweil West. WFP had to postpone planned operations in Nyamlell until the security situation improves.

Food Distribution In May 2000,WFP distributed 3,530 MT of food, or 138% of the ANA plan, to just under 369,000 targeted beneficiaries in the Northern Bahr el Ghazel region. This over-delivery is primarily due to the fact that two-months’ rations were delivered for over 78,000 beneficiaries at Akuem, due to concerns that insecurity could prevent future distributions. Food for the populations of several locations was distributed at Akuem. Security permitting, a further distribution may be necessary in June to serve the large number of new IDPs arriving in the Akuem area.

At Marial Bai (Aweil West), food was distributed to almost 60,000 people from Marial Bai, Nyamlell and Nine Boli. WFP had not been able to reach these populations earlier this year due to security concerns regarding possible attacks by the Popular Defense

9 Forces that normally accompany the GOS trains. The WFP team reported that 5,000 to 6,000 returnees had arrived in Marial Bai from the North.

The distribution team in Mangar Angui (Aweil East) reported the arrival of 450 IDPs from Aweil town, Aluk ad Kuom as the fighting intensified around Aweil and Wau. The number is expected to increase.

Assessments At the end of the month, the Technical Support Unit began a Post Distribution Monitoring in Aweil East. The results were not yet available.

MSF France carried out nutrition survey in Kuajok Payam, Gogrial County, from May 10-14. They found a global malnutrition rate of 15.5% (2.2% severe), and described the situation as precarious. WFP will follow up on the situation.

4. MICRO PROJECTS During May, WFP delivered 393 MT of food for NGO-implemented Micro Projects. The majority of these projects involved Food for Training in the areas of health, livestock, ox plough technology, and wildlife. One of these projects is conducted by an indigenous organisation, the New Sudan Wildlife Society, which is training rangers and increasing wildlife conservation awareness in Boma of Pibor County. In another project, the NGO ACROSS is training women to maintain vegetable gardens in Paboung (Leech County). The purpose of the gardens is to increase household food security throughout the year. Other major projects included FFW activities for road rehabilitation, health and agriculture. The bulk of road rehabilitation is taking place in Kapoeta County where WFP normally delivers food by road convoy. The project is implemented by Diocese of Torit (DOT).

WFP also supports In-patient Feeding programs in hospitals run by MSF-Belgium in Akobo (Bieh State), Mapel (Wau County) and Ajiep (Gogrial County). Proposals for ESFP continue to be submitted and WFP is reviewing them to with an aim to make a selection for pilot projects in June.

WFP supports a number of community projects in Cuiebet county, such as the construction of several schools, clinics and an ox-plough training center, as well as clearance of several feeder roads into interior areas.

5. OTHER The TSU conducted two workshops in Nairobi on 22 May and 29 May for NGO Country Programme Directors and Programme Managers respectively. They aimed to provide an understanding of the Household Food Economy Approach as used in southern Sudan with the idea that the information generated by them could help to improve other (besides food aid) interventions. The use of wild food plants in southern Sudan was highlighted as a special area of study with numerous possible applications. Over 40 people from NGOs, UN agencies and others working in southern Sudan and/or the region attended the workshops.

6. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ANA Annual Needs Assessment COSV Coordinating Committee for Voluntary Service CRS Catholic Relief Services CSB Corn-soya blend EMOP Emergency operation FRRA Fashoda Relief and Rehabilitation Association GoS Government of Sudan IDP Internally displaced person LWF Lutheran World Federation MDM Médecins du Monde MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSF Médecins sans Frontières MSF-B Médecins sans Frontières-Belgium MSF-H Médecins sans Frontières-Holland MT metric tonne MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference NGO Non-governmental organisation NCA Norwegian Church Aid NPA Norwegian Peoples Aid OLS Operation Lifeline Sudan PDM post-distribution monitoring RASS Relief Association of southern Sudan RDC Relief and Development Co-operation RLO Regional Liaison Officer SCF-UK Save the Children Fund - United Kingdom SFP supplementary feeding programme SPDF Sudan People’s Democratic Front/Sudan People’s Defence Force SPLA Sudan People’s Liberation Army SPLM Sudan People’s Liberation Movement SRRA Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Association SSLM South Sudan Liberation Movement TFP therapeutic feeding programme UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WFP World Food Programme WVI WorldVisionInternational

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