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Jenis-Jenis Ikan Yang Tertangkap Di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya

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Jenis-Jenis Ikan Yang Tertangkap Di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya JENIS-JENIS IKAN YANG TERTANGKAP DI SUNGAI BATANGHARI NAGARI SITIUNG KECAMATAN SITIUNG KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA Dilla Cahyani, Ismed Wahidi, Rizki Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat Email : [email protected] ABSTRACT The river is etched surface of the earth which is a cross-section and natural channeling water and minerals which were taken from the upstream to the downstream part of a drainage area to a lower place. One of the major rivers that flow in the river Batanghari Dharmasraya ie passing through villages Sitiung Sitiung districts. Sitiung Batanghari river villages have experienced contamination by people’s activities and may affect the types of fish and to know the state of physical and chemical factors of water in the river villages Batanghari Sitiung. This research was conducted in September 2016 in the District of Batang Hari River Nagari Sitiung Sitiung Dharmasraya. The method used is descriptive survey. Identification of samples conducted at the Laboratory of Zoology STKIP PGRI West Sumatra. The result shower 15 species of fish from the 5 ordo and 7 familia. Physical and chemical factors of water in the river Batanghari villages Sitiung still optimal to support life of fish. Key Word: Fish Biodiversity, River, Dharmasraya. PENDAHULUAN Sungai merupakan sumber air untuk yang mengalir disepanjang pemukiman dan berbagai aktivitas kehidupan dan habitat dari perkebunan penduduk. Berdasarkan hasil hidrobiota. Sungai memiliki fungsi utama wawancara dengan masyarakat setempat yang diberikan oleh alam yaitu untuk bahwa sungai ini dimanfaatkan untuk mengalirkan air dan untuk mengangkut kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti mencari ikan sedimen hasil erosi pada daerah aliran untuk dijual dan dikonsumsi, untuk sungai. Selain itu sungai memiliki manfaat transportasi, tempat aktivitas penambangan yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia batu, penambangan pasir dan penambangan seperti transportasi, irigasi dan kepentingan emas. Penambangan emas yang dilakukan rumah tangga lainnya (Mulyanto, 2006). masyarakat menggunakan air raksa untuk Salah satu sungai utama yang mengikat dan pemisah biji emas dengan mengalir di Kabupaten Dharmasraya yaitu pasir. Hasil pemisahan biji emas biasanya Sungai Batanghari. Sungai Batanghari dibuang begitu saja di badan sungai tanpa merupakan sungai terpanjang di Pulau memperhatikan dampaknya bagi lingkungan. Sumatera dengan panjang ± 775 km. Aktivitas yang dilakukan masyarakat Hulunya berada di Provinsi Sumatera Barat disekitar perairan, dapat mengganggu dan mengalir ke Timur bermuara ke laut kehidupan organisme yang ada didalamnya, melalui Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur seperti kehidupan ikan. Menurut Nurudin, Provinsi Jambi. Sedangkan Sungai Nana dan Andin (2013), ikan merupakan Batanghari pada cluster Kabupaten fauna yang mudah terganggu dengan Dharmasraya dengan panjang ± 77 km perubahan lingkungan dan berperan penting (Dian, Purwanto dan Sudarno, 2015). bagi ekosistem sungai. Kekayaan jenis suatu Informasi dari kantor Wali Nagari satwa didukung oleh kondisi lingkungan Sitiung bahwa sungai yang melewati yang baik dan kualitas perairan air tawar kenagarian Sitiung dengan panjang ± 4 km 1 yang baik akan mengakibatkan kekayaan sarung tangan, dan alat tangkap ikan berupa jenis yang tinggi. jala, jaring, pancing, bubu dan tangguk. Berdasarkan informasi dari Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan adalah masyarakat, ikan-ikan yang ada di Sungai sampel ikan dan formalin 10% dan alkohol Batanghari mengalami penurunan jenis dan 70%. jumlah, hal ini karena penambangan yang dilakukan masyarakat. Akibat dari Metode penambangan tersebut dapat merubah Metode yang digunakan adalah struktur suatu perairan sehingga berubahnya metode survey deskriptif , sedangkan teknik faktor-faktor abiotik dari perairan tersebut. pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan Penelitian tentang jenis ikan telah menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. dilakukan Iistianah (2014) tentang Jenis- jenis Ikan Yang Ditemukan di Sungai Tabir Prosedur Kerja Kecamatan Tabir Kabupaten Merangin Sampel diambil dari kedua stasiun Provinsi Jambi memperoleh hasil 5 familia pada hari yang berbeda dengan dari 16 species. Armalinda (2016) tentang menggunakan beberapa jenis alat tangkap Jenis-jenis Ikan di Sungai Batang Tebo berupa jala, jaring, pancing, bubu dan Pelabuhan Baru Kecamatan Pasar Muara tangguk. Bungo Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi Jambi Sampel ikan yang didapatkan memperoleh hasil 5 familia dari 15 species. dimasukkan ke dalam plastik, kemudian Romlah (2015) tentang Jenis-jenis Ikan yang sampel dibawa ke rumah lalu diletakkan Tertangkap di Batang Momong Desa Silago diatas styrofoam dan difoto. Selanjutnya Kecamatan IX Koto Kabupaten sampel ikan disuntik dengan larutan Dharmasraya memperoleh hasil 10 familia formalin 10% dibagian abdomen dan diberi dari 13 species. label. Sampel yang telah dikoleksi langsung Berdasarkan uraian di atas, Sungai dari lapangan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk Batanghari Nagari Sitiung merupakan salah pengukuran morfologi, meristik dan satu sungai yang belum diketahui jenis-jenis identifikasi lanjutan. Sebelum dilakukan ikannya, padahal data tentang jenis-jenis pengukuran untuk identifikasi terlebih ikan merupakan salah satu komponen dahulu sampel dicuci dengan alkohol 70%. penting dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya Identifikasi dilakukan dengan perikanan di perairan. Berdasarkan masalah menggunakan buku Kottelat at.al., 1993, diatas penulis telah melakukan penelitian Saanin,1984 dan website fishbase.org. tentang Jenis-jenis Ikan Yang Tertangkap Di Pengukuran faktor fisika dan kimia Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung air meliputi pengukuran suhu air, kecepatan Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya. arus, kecerahan air, kekeruhan air, derajat keasaman air, dan oksigen terlarut. BAHAN DAN METODE Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2016. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Alat dan Bahan Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari jangka sorong, loupe, pinset, kamera, plastik dengan ukuran bervariasi, toples, styrofoam, kain hitam, jarum suntik, jarum pentul, thermometer Hg, pH meter, keeping Secchi, meteran, stopwatch, bola pingpong, tali rafia, kertas label, alat tulis, 2 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan tentang jenis-jenis ikan di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung didapatkan hasil seperti pada Tabel 1. Tabel 1. Jenis-Jenis Ikan yang Tertangkap di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Stasiun Jumlah Nama Ordo Familia Species (ekor) Lokal 1 2 1. Cypriniformes 1.Cyprinidae 1. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii Lampam 1 0 1 (Bleeker, 1854) 2. Barbonymus gonionotus Lampam 1 0 1 (Bleeker, 1849) 3. Labiobarbus festivus Malih 5 3 8 (Heckel, 1843) 4. Mystacoleucus padangensis Masai 6 2 8 (Bleeker, 1852) 5. Osteochilus vittatus Paweh 3 1 4 (Valenciennes, 1842) 6. Puntioplites waandersi Kapiek 5 1 6 (Bleeker, 1859) 7. Rasbora lateristriata Pantau 1 0 1 (Bleeker, 1854) 2. Perciformes 2.A 2.Anabantidae 8. Anabas testudineus Puyuh 0 1 1 (Bloch, 1792) 3.Channidae 9. Channa lucius Gabus 1 0 1 (Cuvier, 1831) 10. Channa striata Gabus 0 1 1 (Bloch, 1793) 4.Mastacembelidae 11. Mastacembelus Tilan 4 2 6 notophthalmus (Roberts, 1989) 3. Pleuronectiformes 5.Cynoglossidae 12. Cynoglossus waandersii Lidah- 1 0 1 (Bleeker, 1854) Lidah 4. Siluriformes 6.Bagridae 13. Hemibagrus nemurus Baung 3 0 3 (Valenciennes, 1840) 14. Mystus nigriceps Ingir- 0 6 6 (Valenciennes, 1840) Ingir 5. Tetraodontiformes 7.Tetraodontidae 15. Tetraodon nigroviridis Buntal 1 0 1 (Mario de Proce, 1822) Jumlah individu 32 17 49 Hasil pengukuran faktor fisika dan kimia air di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Tabel 2. Pengukuran Faktor Fisika dan Kimia Air di Sungai Batanghari Nagari Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Parameter Stasiun I Stasiun II Suhu (°C) 29 30 Kecepatan Arus (m/dtk) 0,50 0,37 Kecerahan Air (cm) 16,48 10,08 Kekeruhan (NTU) 9,16 24,67 pH 7,5 8,2 DO (mg/L) 7,6 7,1 3 Pembahasan dan kerikil mengakibatkan air menjadi keruh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang Kekeruhan air mempengaruhi cahaya masuk jenis-jenis ikan di Sungai Batanghari Nagari ke sungai, hal ini membuat ikan-ikan memilih Sitiung Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten ke tempat yang lebih terang. Menurut Fujaya Dharmasraya didapatkan 15 species. Jenis (2004), cahaya berpengaruh pada pergerakan ikan yang tertangkap pada masing-masing dan tingkah laku ikan, ikan menyenangi stasiun bervariasi. Jumlah individu dari kedua cahaya disebabkan ikan melihat makanan di stasiun ditemukan sebanyak 49 ekor. sekitar cahaya. Pada stasiun I jenis ikan yang Jenis Barbonymus gonionotus tertangkap sebanyak 12 jenis dengan jumlah ditemukan 1 ekor, ini dikarenakan tingginya individu 32 ekor. Jumlah jenis ikan yang aktivitas masyarakat di sungai seperti didapat pada stasiun I lebih banyak kegiatan penambangan batu,pasir dan emas. dibandingkan stasiun II. Hal ini dikarenakan Menurut Khairuman dan Amri (2011), banyak terdapat pohon-pohon besar yang Barbonymus gonionotus lebih menyukai menutupi pinggiran sungai sehingga ikan perairan yang bersih, jernih, sedikit mengalir dapat berlindung di bawah naungan tersebut. dan membutuhkan pasokan oksigen terlarut Menurut Djuhanda (1981), adanya naungan yang relatif lebih banyak. Barbonymus berupa pohon dan semak yang ada di gonionotus akan mati jika perairan tempatnya pinggiran sungai dapat menghambat naiknya hidup keruh dan minim
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