Guide to Starting a Community-scale Urine Diversion Program T O N R A T I N C S E P L O L R O T C T N R O E I A T T A M C I E L N P T P A PUBLISHED BY VersionVersion 1.1 1 CREDITS Lead Author Jennifer Atlee Contributing Authors Abraham Noe-Hays Kim Nace Tatiana Schreiber Arthur Davis Conor Lally Stephen Dotson Reviewers Nadav Malin David Cedarholm Nancy Love Rebecca Reuter Graphic Design and Illustration Briony Morrow-Cribbs Any opinions, findings,and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation Published By: RichEarthInstitute.org
[email protected] Rich Earth Institute 44 Fuller Drive Brattleboro, VT 05301 Copyright © 2019 Rich Earth Institute. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW 1 TREATMENT 25 Why divert urine? 2 Overview and considerations 25 The science of urine 2 Pathogen reduction 27 What happens when urine leaves your body 2 Long term storage 27 Acidifying urine to preserve urea 2 Pasteurization 28 What’s required for safe urine reuse (aka ‘pee-cycling’) 3 High pH adjustment 31 Pharmaceutical removal 31 STARTING A COMMUNITY URINE DIVERSION PROGRAM 5 Nitrogen stabilization 33 Biological nitrification 33 Educate your community and potential partners 5 pH adjustment – acid and alkali 33 Farmers 6 Volume reduction 34 Donors 6 Evaporation/distillation 34 Haulers 6 Freeze concentration 36 Regulatory and public health officials 7 Plumbers, architects, tradespeople 7 Solid urine-derived fertilizer products 36 Town officials