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Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation

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Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation Chapter 6 Communicating with Other Hams • 6.1 Contact Basics • 6.2 Band Plans • 6.3 Making Contacts • 6.4 Using Repeaters • 6.5 Nets • 6.6 Emergency Communications • 6.7 Special Activities, Modes and Techniques 1 Chapter 6.1 Contact Basics Ham Contact (QSO) Structure • Greeting. • CQ CQ CQ this is KD0RIU … kilo, delta, zero, romeo, italy, uniform • Identify who is participating. • KD0RIU this is K0NK Jim in Colorado enjoying 4 feet of new snow. Over. • Exchange information, generally taking turns. • Hi Jim the name here is Larry. • Your RST is 59. • My QTH is Olathe, Ks. • You can keep the snow, give me summer. Over. • Oh, no winter is best. No bugs, no bears, no tourist. Over. • Salutations. • Well Jim, I’d better get some chores done. Hope to hear you down the log. • End the conversation. • Okay, I understand. 73 and good DXing. This is K0NK. • Enjoyed the QSO Jim. Take 2care. KD0RIU clear. Chapter 6.1 Identify Regularly An amateur station is required to transmit its assigned call sign at least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a contact. 3 Chapter 6.1 Phonetic Alphabet Use of a phonetic alphabet is the method encouraged by the FCC when identifying your station when using phone. A Alpha H Hotel O Oscar V Victor B Bravo I India P Papa W Whiskey C Charlie J Juliet Q Quebec X X-ray D Delta K Kilo R Romeo Y Yankee E Echo L Lima S Sierra Z Zulu F Foxtrot M Mike T Tango G Golf N November U Uniform 4 4 Chapter 6.1 Procedural Signals Use of procedural signals to let the other station know your intentions. Over, “K” – The other party’s turn to talk. Clear, “SK” - The frequency is available for a contact. Say again – I didn’t hear everything you said, please repeat. Stand-by one – I need to do something off the air, I’ll be right back. I Spell … - I’m going to spell the following using phonics. 5 5 Chapter 6.1 Using a Frequency No body “owns” a frequency – be polite and share. Schedules – a time/frequency on a repeating basis. “Frequency is in use” – be prepared to move to another frequency. Plan-B: Move “up” or “down” 5 KHz to avoid interference. 6 6 Chapter 6.1 Signal Reports Table 6-2 The RST System Readability 1-Poor … 5-Perfectly readable. Signal Strength 1-Poor … 9-Strong signal Tone (CW) 1-Poor … 9-Perfect tone Use RST system to let the other station know how well their signal is being received. 7 7 Chapter 6.1 Power Level Most radios have power level adjustment. Running “QRP” – 5 watts or less. Running “Barefoot” – 100 watts with no additional amplifier. Running “legal limits” – of the band and within FCC rules. FCC Rule: Use the “minimum amount of power needed to make the contact.” 8 8 Chapter 6.1 Locators T8C05 – p6-4 A grid locator is a letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location. 9 9 Chapter 6.1 Appropriate Topics Do not use indecent and obscene language Do not use racial or ethnic references. Stay clear of: politics, religion and sexual topics. Use good sense and an extra helping of manners to avoid offending other hams. Ham radio is for developing communication expertise and goodwill. Hams pride themselves on professional, high-quality procedures and conduct. 10 10 Chapter 6.1 Signing Off Final – the last transmission, as in “I will be clear on your final.” QRU – Q-signal that means, “I have nothing more for you” Down the log – “I’ll see you later” 73 – “Best Regards,” an almost universal closing motif. 88 – added for a female operator, originally “Love and Kisses” Clear – to let every one know11 you are though. 11 Chapter 6.1 Q Signals Table-6.3 p6-5 QRM Man-made interference (another stn) QRN Nature interference (static/noise) QRP I am running low power. QRT I am going off the air. QRZ Who is calling me? QSB Your signal is fading. QSL I received the message. QSO I will communicate with ________ directly. QSY I am changing frequency to _____. QTH My location is _______. 12 12 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts p6-7 Logging and logbooks not required any more but are a excellent idea to do so. Logbooks (paper, software) QSL cards are used to confirm a contact. 13 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts QSL Card 14 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts Special Event QSL Card 15 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts ARRL HEADQUARTERS 16 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts QSL Card 17 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts QSL Card – Radio Club 18 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts QSL Card – Radio Club 19 Chapter 6.1 Logging and Confirming Contacts Field Day Logging 20 Chapter 6.2 Bands Valid Amateur Radio bands are different from ‘Band Plans’ which are a voluntary guidance over and above the bands authorized by the FCC. 21 Chapter 6.2 Band Plans 6.2 – p6-9 DEFINITIONS & FINDING BAND PLANS Beyond FCC rules. Additional structure. Voluntary agreements by hams. Good amateur practice. Table 6-4 (pg 6-9) 2 meter band plan. 22 Chapter 6.2 Band Plans A band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC, is a voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band. 50.000-50.100: CW - No voice modes allowed per FCC section §97.305 50.060-50.080: CW/Beacon Sub band 50.100-50.300: Phone (SSB), etc. (no FM voice) 50.100-50.125: DX Window 50.300-50.600: All modes (simplex) 50.600-50.800: Digital modes (e.g. Packet) 50.800-51.000: Radio Control (R/C) 51.000-51.100: "Pacific DX window" (SSB/CW) 51.120-51.480: 6 Meter FM Repeater Inputs (areas w/500 KHz split) 51.500-51.600: Simplex FM, 6 channels: 51.500, 51.520, 51.540, 51.560, 51.580, and 51.600 51.620-51.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs (areas w/500 KHz split) 52.000-52.480: 6 Meter FM Repeater Inputs (for 500 KHz and 1 MHz split) Note: 52.525, 52.400, 52.040, and 52.020 are widely used for simplex operation with 52.525 being the "national simplex" frequency. 52.500-52.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs 53.000-53.480: 6 Meter 23FM Repeater Inputs and Repeater Outputs23 53.500-53.980: 6 Meter FM Repeater Outputs Chapter 6.2 Band Plans Simplex Frequency Simplex Frequency Non-Repeater use TX and RX on same frequency Point-to-Point communication using simplex frequencies. Simplex frequency reside between repeater’s input/output frequencies – use same antenna. 24 Chapter 6.3 Making Contact Listen (to make sure frequency isn’t in use) SSB (use phonetics on call) CQ CQ CQ this is KD0RIU KD0RIU KD0RIU And Standing-by. (or Listening) CW OR DIGITAL CQ CQ CQ DE KD0RIU KD0RIU K REPEATER This is KD0RIU. Listening K0NK this is KD0RIU 25 Chapter 6.3 Making Contact via Repeater ARRL Repeater Directory REPEATER CONTACTS Listen Keep transmissions short Identify your station legally Pause briefly between transmissions Signal Report on the Repeater Courtesy beep 26 Chapter 6.3 Making Contact TAKING TURNS AND BREAKING IN Ragchew – long conversation Contesting – short, quick, get to next contact as soon as possible Roundtable – like ragchew but taking turns Nets – Under control of a leader, net control, used to pass information to a group Doubling – two hams transmitting at the same time Breaking in – joining the QSO by saying their call, your call, and being invited to join the group 27 Chapter 6.3 Making Contact SIMPLEX CHANNELS Sending/Receiving stations close Uses single tx/rcv frequency Uses simplex frequency Simplex calling freq on 2 meters is 146.52 MHz Simplex calling freq on 70cm is 446.00 MHz Uses same antenna for simplex as you do for repeater 28 Chapter 6.4 Using Repeaters 29 Chapter 6.4 Using Repeaters Santa Fe Trail ARC Repeaters 30 Chapter 6.4 Using Repeaters Santa Fe Trail ARC Repeaters What repeaters really look like. 220 Repeater (homebrew) 2M31 Repeater 440 Repeater 31 Chapter 6.4 Using Repeaters REPEATER OFFSET OR SHIFT Offset or shift (positive, negative) 147.240 MHz +600 KHz = 147.84000 MHz 145.290 MHz -600 KHz = 144.690 MHz 145.470 MHz -600 KHz = 144.870 MHz 442.200 MHz +5 MHz = 447.200 MHz 448.775 MHz -5 MHz = 443.775 MHz 32 Chapter 6.4 Using Repeaters REPEATER ACCESS TONES (keys to the repeater’s lock) CTCSS is the term used to describe the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver. (CTCSS – Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System) Also called a PL tone. 67.0 Hz 94.8 Hz 131.8 Hz 171.3 Hz 203.5 Hz 69.3 Hz 97.4 Hz 136.5 Hz 173.8 Hz 206.5 Hz 71.9 Hz 100.0 Hz 141.3 Hz 177.3 Hz 210.7 Hz 74.4 Hz 103.5 Hz 146.2 Hz 179.9 Hz 218.1 Hz 77.0 Hz 107.2 Hz 151.4 Hz 183.5 Hz 225.7 Hz 79.7 Hz 110.9 Hz 156.7 Hz 186.2 Hz 229.1 Hz 82.5 Hz 114.8 Hz 159.8 Hz 189.9 Hz 233.6 Hz 85.4 Hz 118.8 Hz 162.2 Hz 192.8 Hz 241.8 Hz 88.5 Hz 123.0 Hz 165.5 Hz 196.6 Hz 250.3 Hz 91.5 Hz 127.3 Hz 167.9 Hz 199.5 Hz 254.1 Hz A brief statement of saying your call sign to indicate that you are listening on a repeater.
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