Cipemab Citogenética De Pequenos Mamíferos Do Brasil
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Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their Symbionts
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts. Theresa Ann Spradling Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Spradling, Theresa Ann, "Relative Rates of Molecular Evolution in Rodents and Their yS mbionts." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6527. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6527 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. hi the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Cipemab Cytogenetics of Small Mammals from Brazil
CIPEMAB CYTOGENETICS OF SMALL MAMMALS FROM BRAZIL TABLE OF CITOGENETIC DATA OF EQUIMIDAE RODENTS GENUS SPECIE 2N FN X Y REFERENCE Callistomys pictus 42 76 Medium acrocentric Small acrocentric Ventura et al., 2008 Clyomys laticeps 32 54 Medium submetacentric Medium acrocentric Bezerra et al., 2012 Dactylomys boliviensis 118 168 Large submetacentric Medium metacentric Dunnum & Salazar-Bravo, 2004 Dactylomys dactylinus 94 144 Unknown Unknown Nagamachi et al., 2015 Euryzygomatomys guiara 46 80 Large submetacentric Medium acrocentric Yonenaga, 1975 Euryzygomatomys spinosus 45 78 Unknown Unknown Gentile & Fernandes 1999 apud Rossi, 2011; Yonenaga, 1975 Euryzygomatomys spinosus 46 88 Unknown Unknown Gentile & Fernandes 1999 apud Rossi, 2011; Yonenaga, 1975 Isothrix bistriata 60 116 Large acrocentric Small metacentric Patton et al., 2000 Isothrix negrensis 60 112 Medium acrocentric Unknown Bonvicino et al., 2003 Isothrix pagurus 22 38 Medium metacentric Small metacentric Patton & Emmons, 1985 Kannabateomys amblyonyx 98 124 Large submetacentric Large acrocentric Testoni, 2006 Kannabateomys amblyonyx 98 126 Large submetacentric Large acrocentric Paresque et al., 2004 Makalata didelphoides 66 106 Unknown Unknown Ventura et al., 2008 CIPEMAB CYTOGENETICS OF SMALL MAMMALS FROM BRAZIL Mesomys hispidus 60 116 Large submetacentric Small subtelocentric Patton et al., 2000 Mesomys occultus 42 54 Large submetacentric Small subtelocentric Patton et al., 2000 Myocastor coypus 42 80 Unknown Unknown George & Weir, 1974 apud Bonvicino et al., 2000 Phyllomys -
Ecology of Small Mammals in a Brazilian Rural Area
Ecology of small mammals in a Brazilian rural area Paulo Sergio D'Andrea 1 Rosana Gentile 2 Rui Cerqueira 2 Carlos Eduardo V. Grelle 2 Claudia Horta 1 Luis Rey 1 ABSTRACT. Asmall mammal study was carried out in Pampanao valley, Sumidouro, State ofRio de Janeiro, Brazil,from June 1991 to July 1996. The area was characterised by small rmal propelties with vegetable plantations, pasture lands and small forest fragments. Small mammals were captured in seven line transects along the valley. Eleven small mammal species were captured: the didelphid marsupials Didelphis aurita, Philander !renata and Monodelphis americana, and the rodents Nectomys squamipes, Akodol/ cursor, OligOlyzomys nigripes, Bolomys lasiurus, Oecomys con color (Sigmodontinae), Rattus rattus (Murinae), Proechimys iheringi and Euryzygo matomys guiara (Echimyidae). The heterogeneous habitat configuration probably allowed the occurrence of marsupials and more rodent species when compared to studies in monocu!ture areas. KEY WORDS. marsupials, rodents, cultivated areas, Brazil The replacement of natural habitats by cultivated areas has been changing the structure ofanimal and plant communities, chiefly in relation to the composition and abundance ofspecies. Mammals playa special role in these disturbed areas and are considered good indicators of the degree of disturbance (SOULE & WILCOX 1980). Also some opportunistic species, such as herbivore and graminivorous rodents, might become agricultural plagues with extreme population peaks (MUTZE 1990; GALANTE & CASSINI 1994). Furthermore, in rural areas, many small mammals are involved in the cycles of human parasites acting as natural reservoirs (MELLO 1991; REY 1993; DIOUTAIUTI el of. 1995). The ability to understand changes in natural populations due to human disturbance is hampered by the absence of long-term studies. -
Echimyidae): a Multigene Phylogenetic Approach
Zoologica Scripta Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach PIERRE-HENRI FABRE,THOMAS GALEWSKI,MARIE-KA TILAK &EMMANUEL J. P. DOUZERY Submitted: 31 March 2012 Fabre, P.-H., Galewski, T., Tilak, M.-k. & Douzery, E.J.P. (2012) Diversification of South Accepted: 15 September 2012 American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach. —Zoologica Scripta, doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x 42, 117–134. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of 14 Echimyidae (spiny rats), one Myocas- toridae (nutrias) and one Capromyidae (hutias) genera based on three newly sequenced nuclear genes (APOB, GHR and RBP3) and five previously published markers (the nuclear RAG1 and vWF, and the mitochondrial cytochrome b, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA). We recovered a well-supported phylogeny within the Echimyidae, although the evolutionary relationships among arboreal echimyid taxa remain unresolved. Molecular divergence times estimated using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock suggest a Middle Miocene origin for most of the extant echimyid genera. Echimyidae seems to constitute an example of evolu- tionary radiation with high species diversity, yet they exhibit only narrow skull morpholog- ical changes, and the arboreal and terrestrial taxa are shown to retain numerous plesiomorphic features. The most recent common ancestor of spiny rats is inferred to be a ground-dwelling taxon that has subsequently diverged into fossorial, semiaquatic and arbo- real habitats. The arboreal clade polytomy and ancestral character estimations suggest that the colonization of the arboreal niche constituted the keystone event of the echimyid radia- tion. However, biogeographical patterns suggest a strong influence of allopatric speciation in addition to ecology-driven diversification among South American spiny rats. -
Abramov A.V., Baranova G.I
Russian J. Theriol. 7 (1): 4150 © RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY, 2008 The Langsdorffs expedition to Brazil and its mammal collection kept in the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg, Russia Alexei V. Abramov & Galina I. Baranova ABSTRACT. All the available collecting data on the mammal collection made during the 18221829 Brazil expedition under the leadership by G.I. Langsdorff are provided. The collection is kept in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg and at present contains 184 specimens of 74 species and 26 families of the orders Didelphimorphia, Cingulata, Pilosa, Primates, Lagomorpha, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia. KEY WORDS: Brazil, Langsdorff, mammals. Alexei V. Abramov [[email protected]] and Galina I. Baranova, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. Êîëëåêöèÿ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ, ñîáðàííûõ ýêñïåäèöèåé Ëàíãñäîðôà â Áðàçèëèè, õðàíÿùàÿñÿ â Çîîëîãè÷åñêîì èíñòèòóòå ÐÀÍ (Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã) À.Â. Àáðàìîâ, Ã.È. Áàðàíîâà ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Ïðèâåäåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ, ñîáðàííûõ â 18221829 ãã. ýêñïåäèöèåé Ã.È. Ëàíãñäîðôà â Áðàçèëèè.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â Çîîëîãè÷åñêîì èíñòèòóòå ÐÀÍ (Ñàíêò-Ïåòåð- áóðã) õðàíÿòñÿ 184 ýêçåìïëÿðà (74 âèäîâ, 26 ñåìåéñòâ) èç áðàçèëüñêèõ ñáîðîâ Ã.È. Ëàíãñäîðôà.  êîëëåêöèè ïðåäñòàâëåíû âèäû, îòíîñÿùèåñÿ ê îòðÿäàì Didelphimorphia, Cingulata, Pilosa, Primates, Lagomorpha, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla è Rodentia. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Áðàçèëèÿ, Ëàíãñäîðô, ìëåêîïèòàþùèå. Introduction Johann Baptist von Spix, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Augustin Saint-Hilaire, and others. In 1821, Langsdorff suggested the Russian Acade- The famous naturalist Baron de Langsdorff, Georg my of Sciences to organize a large scientific expedition Heinrich von Langsdorff (17741852), was born in to unexplored Brazilian inland areas. -
PNABD486.Pdf
+++++i++. - An annotated bibliogniphy on rodent research in Latin America, 1960=1985 i-jv I A 'W I I. 44- An annotated PRODUCTIONPLANT AND PROTECTION bibliography PAPER on rodent research 98 in Latin America, 1960-1985 by G. Clay Mitchell, Florence L. Powe, Myrna L. Seller and Hope N. Mitchell Denver Wildlife Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Science and Technology Building 16, P.O. Box 25266 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0266 F FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1989 The designations employed and the presentation of material Inthis publication do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or areaor ofItsauthorties, orconcerning thedelimitationof its frontiers or boundaries. M-14 ISBN 92-5-102830- All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored Irsa retrieval system, or transmitted inany form or by any means, electronic, mechani cal, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission ofthe copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statemont of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations, Via delle Terme dl Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1989 INTRODUCTION From 1950 through 1973, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) published three bibliographies on rodent research. This present bibliography is to update the Latin American portion of these bibliographies from 1960 through 1985. -
Biogeography and Evolution of Neotropical Small Mammals, with Emphasis on Hystricognath Spiny Rats of the Genus Proechimys (Fami
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2013-07-05 Biogeography and Evolution of Neotropical Small Mammals, with Emphasis on Hystricognath Spiny Rats of the Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae) Rafael do Nascimento Leite Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Leite, Rafael do Nascimento, "Biogeography and Evolution of Neotropical Small Mammals, with Emphasis on Hystricognath Spiny Rats of the Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae)" (2013). All Theses and Dissertations. 3992. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3992 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Biogeography and Evolution of Neotropical Small Mammals, with Emphasis on Hystricognath Spiny Rats of the Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae) Rafael do Nascimento Leite A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Duke S. Rogers, Chair Byron J. Adams Bryan C. Carstens Leigh A. Johnson Jack W. Sites, Jr. Department of Biology Brigham Young University July 2013 Copyright © 2013 Rafael do Nascimento Leite All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Biogeography and Evolution of Neotropical Small Mammals, with Emphasis on Hystricognath Spiny Rats of the Genus Proechimys (Family Echimyidae) Rafael do Nascimento Leite Department of Biology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy The Neotropical region is the most biologically diverse region on the planet. The region encompasses a variety of ecosystems and has long been the target of researchers interested in patterns of species diversity and distribution. -
Euryzygomatomys Spinosus (RODENTIA, ECHIMYIDAE) in MISIONES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA
Mastozoología Neotropical, en prensa, Mendoza, 2012 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2012 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar NEW RECORDS OF NEMATODE PARASITES FROM Euryzygomatomys spinosus (RODENTIA, ECHIMYIDAE) IN MISIONES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA María del Rosario Robles, Carlos Galliari, and Graciela T. Navone Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores CEPAVE (CCT- CONICET- La Plata - UNLP), Calle 2 # 584, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina [Correspondence: María del Rosario Robles <[email protected]>]. ABSTRACT: Although three species of nematodes have been recorded from the spiny rat Euryzygomatomys spinosus in Brazil, no helminthes have been recorded from this host in Argentina. Three taxa of nematodes from E. spinosus from Misiones province, Argentina, were identified from the helminthological collection of Museo de La Plata. Host voucher specimens refered to this material were found in the Colección Elio Massoia. The present survey contributes to the knowledge of nematode species from Echimyidae and illustrates the importance of integrating data from helminth and mammal collections. RESUMEN: Nuevos registros de nematodes parásitos de Euryzygomatomys spinosus (Rodentia, Echimyidae) en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. La rata espinosa Euryzygomatomys spinosus ha sido registrada como hospedador de tres especies de nematodes en Brasil. Hasta el momento, ningún helminto ha sido registrado parasitando a E. spinosus de Argentina. Nematodes no estudiados procedentes de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina fueron hallados en la colección helmintológica del Museo de La Plata. En esta nota, esos nematodes fueron identificados y tres taxa fueron registrados. Los voucher de los hospedadores fueron encontrados en la Colección Elio Massoia. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento sobre los nematodes de Echimyidae e invita a estudiar e integrar los datos registrados en las colecciones de helmintos y mamíferos. -
Terrestrial Herbivorous Mammals in a Mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Land-Use Changes Cyntia Cavalcante Santos
Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and land-use changes Cyntia Cavalcante Santos To cite this version: Cyntia Cavalcante Santos. Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and land-use changes. Biodiversity and Ecology. Université d’Angers; Universidade federal de Mato Grosso, 2019. English. NNT : 2019ANGE0057. tel-03227685 HAL Id: tel-03227685 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03227685 Submitted on 17 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE D'ANGERS COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N ° 604 Sociétés, Temps, Territoires Spécialité : Environnement Par Cyntia Cavalcante SANTOS « Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and land-use changes Thèse présentée et soutenue à Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, le 05/06/2019 Unité de recherche : UMR 6554 CNRS, LETG-Angers, Université d'Angers, Angers, France Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Composition du Jury : Attention, en cas d’absence d’un des membres -
Redalyc.NEW RECORDS of NEMATODE PARASITES FROM
Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Robles, María del Rosario; Galliari, Carlos; Navone, Graciela T. NEW RECORDS OF NEMATODE PARASITES FROM Euryzygomatomys spinosus (RODENTIA, ECHIMYIDAE) IN MISIONES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 19, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 353-358 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45725085031 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 19(2):353-358, Mendoza, 2012 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2012 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar NEW RECORDS OF NEMATODE PARASITES FROM Euryzygomatomys spinosus (RODENTIA, ECHIMYIDAE) IN MISIONES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA María del Rosario Robles, Carlos Galliari, and Graciela T. Navone Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores CEPAVE (CCT- CONICET- La Plata - UNLP), Calle 2 # 584, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina [Correspondence: María del Rosario Robles <[email protected]>]. ABSTRACT: Although three species of nematodes have been recorded from the spiny rat Euryzygomatomys spinosus in Brazil, no helminthes have been recorded from this host in Argentina. Three taxa of nematodes from E. spinosus from Misiones province, Argentina, were identified from the helminthological collection of Museo de La Plata. Host voucher specimens refered to this material were found in the Colección Elio Massoia. The present survey contributes to the knowledge of nematode species from Echimyidae and illustrates the importance of integrating data from helminth and mammal collections. -
Lista Anotada Dos Mamíferos Do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2Nd Edition
OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2nd Edition Adriano P. Paglia, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Anthony B. Rylands, Gisela Herrmann, Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar, Adriano G. Chiarello, Yuri L. R. Leite, Leonora P. Costa, Salvatore Siciliano, Maria Cecília M. Kierulff, Sérgio L. Mendes, Valéria da C. Tavares, Russell A. Mittermeier & James L. Patton Occasional Paper No. 6 April, 2012 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2nd Edition Adriano P. Paglia, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Anthony B. Rylands, Gisela Herrmann, Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar, Adriano G. Chiarello, Yuri L. R. Leite, Leonora P. Costa, Salvatore Siciliano, Maria Cecília M. Kierulff, Sérgio L. Mendes, Valéria da C. Tavares, Russell A. Mittermeier & James L. Patton CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 6 APRIL 2012 Published by Conservation International CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 USA Tel: +1 703 341 2400 CONSERVAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DO BRASIL Avenida Getúlio Vargas, 1300, 7o. Andar Savassi Belo Horizonte 30112-021 Minas Gerais, Brasil Tel: +55 31 3261 3889 Layout: Paula K. Rylands Cover illustration: Stephen D. Nash Reference citation: Paglia, A.P., Fonseca, G.A.B. da, Rylands, A. B., Herrmann, G., Aguiar, L. M. S., Chiarello, A. G., Leite, Y. L. R., Costa, L. P., Siciliano, S., Kierulff, M. C. M., Mendes, S. L., Tavares, V. da C., Mittermeier, R. A. & Patton J. L. 2012. Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil / Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals. -
Terrestrial Herbivorous Mammals in a Mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Land-Use Changes
Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and land-use changes Cyntia Cavalcante Santos 2019 Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and land-use changes Cyntia Cavalcante Santos Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ecologia, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, em Cotutela pela Universidade de Angers, França. Orientadores: Dr. Fabio de Oliveira Roque Dr. Olivier Pays Dr. Pierre-Cyril Renaud 2019 2 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE D'ANGERS COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 604 Sociétés, Temps, Territoires Spécialité : « (Environmment) » Par « Cyntia Cavalcante SANTOS » « Terrestrial herbivorous mammals in a mosaic of Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and land-use changes » Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Campo Grande, MS, Brazil », le « 05/06/2019 » Unité de recherche : Thèse N° : Composition du Jury : BALTZINGER, Christophe | Rapporteur DA SILVA PINTO JORGE, Maria Luisa | Examinateur FISCHER, Erich Arnold | Rapporteur LEANDRO DE SOUZA, Franco | Examinateur MORAES TOMAS, Walfrido | Examinateur PAYS-VOLARD, Olivier | Directeur RENAUD, Pierre-Cyril | Co-directeur ROQUE, Fabio de Oliviera | Co-directeur KEUROGHLIAN, Alexine | Membre invité 3 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS À VIDA com tudo o que ela nos traz! Aos meus orientadores, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Olivier Pays Volard and Pierre-Cyril Renaud, pelo apoio e tempo dedicado ao meu projeto (e à sua evolução! rs). Gratidão a cada um de vocês pelo privilégio de tê-los ao meu lado e por se tornarem meus conselheiros e amigos ao longo destes anos. Vocês me mostraram como ser uma profissional melhor.