Guide-Book of the Lehigh Valley Railroad And
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December 20, 2003 (Pages 6197-6396)
Pennsylvania Bulletin Volume 33 (2003) Repository 12-20-2003 December 20, 2003 (Pages 6197-6396) Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/pabulletin_2003 Recommended Citation Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau, "December 20, 2003 (Pages 6197-6396)" (2003). Volume 33 (2003). 51. https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/pabulletin_2003/51 This December is brought to you for free and open access by the Pennsylvania Bulletin Repository at Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Volume 33 (2003) by an authorized administrator of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Volume 33 Number 51 Saturday, December 20, 2003 • Harrisburg, Pa. Pages 6197—6396 Agencies in this issue: The Governor The Courts Department of Aging Department of Agriculture Department of Banking Department of Education Department of Environmental Protection Department of General Services Department of Health Department of Labor and Industry Department of Revenue Fish and Boat Commission Independent Regulatory Review Commission Insurance Department Legislative Reference Bureau Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority Pennsylvania Municipal Retirement Board Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission Public School Employees’ Retirement Board State Board of Education State Board of Nursing State Employee’s Retirement Board State Police Detailed list of contents appears inside. PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER Latest Pennsylvania Code Reporter (Master Transmittal Sheet): No. 349, December 2003 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Legislative Reference Bu- PENNSYLVANIA BULLETIN reau, 647 Main Capitol Building, State & Third Streets, (ISSN 0162-2137) Harrisburg, Pa. 17120, under the policy supervision and direction of the Joint Committee on Documents pursuant to Part II of Title 45 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (relating to publication and effectiveness of Com- monwealth Documents). -
ANTHRACITE Downloaded from COAL CANALS and the ROOTS of AMERICAN FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENCE, 1820–1860 Envhis.Oxfordjournals.Org
CHRISTOPHER F. JONES a landscape of energy abundance: ANTHRACITE Downloaded from COAL CANALS AND THE ROOTS OF AMERICAN FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENCE, 1820–1860 envhis.oxfordjournals.org ABSTRACT Between 1820 and 1860, the construction of a network of coal-carrying canals transformed the society, economy, and environment of the eastern mid- Atlantic. Artificial waterways created a new built environment for the region, an energy landscape in which anthracite coal could be transported cheaply, reliably, at Harvard University Library on October 26, 2010 and in ever-increasing quantities. Flush with fossil fuel energy for the first time, mid-Atlantic residents experimented with new uses of coal in homes, iron forges, steam engines, and factories. Their efforts exceeded practically all expec- tations. Over the course of four decades, shipments of anthracite coal increased exponentially, helping turn a rural and commercial economy into an urban and industrial one. This article examines the development of coal canals in the ante- bellum period to provide new insights into how and why Americans came to adopt fossil fuels, when and where this happened, and the social consequences of these developments. IN THE FIRST DECADES of the nineteenth century, Philadelphians had little use for anthracite coal.1 It was expensive, difficult to light, and considered more trouble than it was worth. When William Turnbull sold a few tons of anthracite to the city’s waterworks in 1806, the coal was tossed into the streets to be used as gravel because it would not ignite.2 In 1820, the delivery © 2010 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society. -
4.3.2 Dam and Levee Failure
Schuylkill County Hazard Mitigation Plan Month 2019 4.3.2 DAM AND LEVEE FAILURE PROFILE This section discusses both the dam and levee failure hazard in Schuylkill County. Dam Failure A dam is an artificial barrier that has the ability to store water, wastewater, or liquid-borne materials for many reasons (flood control, human water supply, irrigation, livestock water supply, energy generation, containment of mine tailings, recreation, or pollution control). Many dams fulfill a combination of these stated functions (Association of State Dam Safety Officials 2013). Man-made dams can be classified according to the type of construction material used, the methods used in construction, the slope or cross-section of the dam, the way the dam resists the forces of the water pressure behind it, the means used for controlling seepage, and, occasionally, the purpose of the dam. The materials used for construction of dams include earth, rock, tailings from mining or milling, concrete, masonry, steel, timber, miscellaneous materials (plastic or rubber), and any combination of these materials (Association of State Dam Safety Officials 2013). Dams typically fail when spillway capacity is inadequate and excess flow overtops the dam, or when internal erosion (piping) through the dam or foundation occurs. Complete failure occurs if internal erosion or overtopping results in a complete structural breach, releasing a high-velocity wall of debris-filled waters that rush downstream, damaging or destroying anything in its path (Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] 2005). Dam failures can result from one or a combination of the following reasons: . Overtopping caused by floods that exceed the capacity of the dam . -
Lehigh Valley Railroad Company Records 1917
Lehigh Valley Railroad Company records 1917 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 26, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Manuscripts and Archives PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Lehigh Valley Railroad Company records 1917 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 5 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 6 - Page 2 - Lehigh Valley Railroad Company records 1917 Summary Information Repository: -
Samuel Wetherill, Joseph Wharton, and the Founding of the ^American Zinc Industry
Samuel Wetherill, Joseph Wharton, and the Founding of the ^American Zinc Industry HE TWO people most closely associated with the founding of the zinc industry in the United States were the Philadel- Tphians Samuel Wetherill (i821-1890) and Joseph Wharton (1826-1909). From 1853 to about i860 they variously cooperated and competed with each other in setting up commercially successful plants for making zinc oxide and metallic zinc for the Pennsylvania and Lehigh Zinc Company at South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Both did their work in the face of an established and successful zinc industry in Europe. Accordingly, they looked to Europe for standards governing efficiency of production, quality of product, and the arts of management and marketing. They had to surpass at least some of these standards in order to establish the domestic industry on a firm basis. Zinc is a blue to grey metal found in deposits throughout the world. It is used for thousands of products, for example, in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, die casting alloys, galvanizing of iron, paint, rubber, ceramics, plastics, chemicals, and heavy metals. It ranks "only behind aluminum and copper in order of consumption among the nonferrous metals."1 In short, it has from an early stage in the Industrial Revolution been essential to the maintenance and progress of a technological society. The industry has two main branches. One is the manufacture of zinc oxide. The other is the making of metallic zinc or spelter, as it is called in the trade. These industries are relatively new in the western world. Portuguese and Dutch traders brought spelter to Europe from the Orient about the seventeenth century. -
NOTICES Funds Will Be Spent to Reimburse These Qualified Land DEPARTMENT of Trusts for a Portion of Their Costs in Acquiring Agricultural Conservation Easements
39 NOTICES funds will be spent to reimburse these qualified land DEPARTMENT OF trusts for a portion of their costs in acquiring agricultural conservation easements. AGRICULTURE The statutory language establishing the Program is Land Trust Reimbursement Grant Program essentially self-executing. The following restates the statutory procedures and standards published at 29 Pa.B. 6342, with the exception of Paragraph (8) (State Board The Department of Agriculture (Department) amends Review), which has been revised to reflect the current the procedures and standards for the Land Trust Reim- statutory authority for the Program and to delete the bursement Grant Program (Program). referenced minimum-acreage requirements. It also pro- vides references to sources of further information or These procedures and standards were originally pub- assistance. lished at 29 Pa.B. 6342 (December 18, 1999). The under- lying statutory authority for the Program has changed 1. Eligible Land Trust. To be eligible to register with since this original publication date. The original authority the State Board and to receive reimbursement grants for the Program was section 1716 of The Administrative under the Program, a land trust must be a tax-exempt Code of 1929 (71 P. S. § 456). That provision was re- institution under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Rev- pealed by the act of May 30, 2001 (P. L. 103, No. 14) (3 enue Code (26 U.S.C.A. § 501(c)(3)) and include the P. S. § 914.5), which effected a continuation of the Pro- acquisition of agricultural conservation easements or gram under the Agricultural Area Security Law (act) (3 other conservation easements in its stated purpose. -
THE READING TODAY - 1942 Huge, Short-Haul Coal Drags Keep This System’S Wheels Rolling
1935 - 2016 VOLUME 47 NUMBER 8 D ISTRICT 2 - CHAPTER WEBSITE : WWW .NRHS 1. ORG AUGUST 2016 THE READING TODAY - 1942 Huge, Short-Haul Coal Drags Keep This System’s Wheels Rolling BY BERT PENNYPACKER - COURTESY OF CHAPTER FRIEND PAUL KUTTA Fast passenger trains may be exciting, but it’s freight that brings home the bacon - over 90% of it for Reading Company. More revenue is received from transporting freight of types other than coal, but the “black diamond” traffic provides reliable and steady income that keeps the road on its feet financially. Importance of Reading as a coal-carrier may be shown by the fact that nearly half of its freight cars are coal hoppers (15,500 hoppers out of a total of 32,500 freight cars). Practically all anthracite (hard) coal transported originates on Reading lines. What’s more, the system hauls over POWER PLUS ! NO. 2017 SOUTHBOUND FROM ST. CLAIR YARDS AT PORT CARBON , PA., 80% as much bituminous (soft) coal as anthracite, . WITH A HEAVY COAL DRAG although little originates in its territory. This traffic is obtained principally from the Western Maryland and Pennsylvania railroads at Harrisburg, and New York Central at Newberry Junction. Black diamonds, which are of inestimable value to the railroad today, almost ruined the system years ago. Between 1869 and 1881, the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company (P&RC&I), an associated coal organization, bought many thousands of acres of anthracite coal lands in Pennsylvania. This imposed a tremendous financial burden on the then Philadelphia & Reading Railway, and threw it into receivership several times. -
Births, Marriages & Deaths from the Carbon Advocate 1886-1887
Births, Marriages & Deaths From The Carbon Advocate, 1886-1887 This is the seventh in a series of vital records extracted from the Lehighton Newpaper, The Carbon Advocate. Like the previous parts, in extracting the births, marriages & deaths, I have not included the following types of items: 1. Items that did not pertain to Carbon or the surrounding counties. I excluded anything west and south of Berks County, and south of Lehigh & Northampton Counties. I generally included anything north of Carbon county. 2. Estate notices. 3. Murder trials. 4. Coroner inquests when they are not part of the original death notice. In extracting these records, I have copied items as completely and exactly as possible. I have not attempted to correct any spelling errors. If I felt a need to add any text, I did so in brackets. Although most of the papers on microfilm were easy to read, there were some times where the image quality made things difficult. Because of this, researchers are advised to consult the original records. Volume 14, Number 7, Saturday, January 2, 1886 Our Neighborhood in Brief. George Judge, of Luzerne county, who died in Pittstown township on Thursday evening, 22nd ult., served in the Legislature in 1877 and held several local offices. He was a Democrat. Our Neighborhood in Brief. Charles Saeger, aged sixteen, son of one of Allentown's prominent citizens, died Tuesday morning. He fell off a wall six feet high on Monday and struck on his head, producing concussion and fracture of the skull. Our Neighborhood in Brief. Elias Morgan was killed on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, near Chain Dam, on Wednesday night of last week. -
American Iron and Steel Institute Photographs and Audiovisual Materials 1986.268
American Iron and Steel Institute photographs and audiovisual materials 1986.268 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library American Iron and Steel Institute photographs and audiovisual materials 1986.268 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 8 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 9 Collection -
The Myth of Etienne Brule
THE MYTH OF ETIENNE BRULE BY DONALD H. KENT' THE French interpreter and Indian agent Etienne Brul6 has been given a place in Pennsylvania history on very unsubstantial evi- dence, with a claim that he descended the Susquehanna River from its headwaters to the sea during the winter of 1615-1616. Sometimes he is even described as the first white man to tread the soil of Pennsylvania. Clement F. Heverly in his History and Geography of Bradford County wrote of "this event, 113 years after the discovery of America by Columbus" as "the first in the history of the state and county," and a recent Guide to Central Pennsylvania described Etienne Brule as "the first European to view the site of the future state capital." It expressed regret that he left no "description of central Pennsylvania as it was nine years after the first English set- tlers landed at Jamestown. ." I These local writers were in distinguished company. Similar, if less positive and less glowing, references to Brul6's descent of the Sus- quehanna were made by Francis Parkman, Justin Winsor, and Reuben Gold Thwaites.2 Under the patronage of the Western Reserve Historical Society, Consul Willshire Butterfield published a History of Brult's Discoveries and Explorations, 1610-1626, Being a Narrative of the Discovery by Stephen BruM, of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Superior; and of His Explorations (the First Made by Civilized Man) of Pennsylvania and Western New York, also of the Province of Ontario, Canada.3 Howard M. Jenkins had the story in The substance of this article was part of a talk at the Friday luncheon of the an- nual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association, October 10-11, 1975, when the author completed his term as its president. -
Feasibility Study on a Potential Susquehanna Connector Trail for the John Smith Historic Trail
Feasibility Study on a Potential Susquehanna Connector Trail for the John Smith Historic Trail Prepared for The Friends of the John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail November 16, 2009 Coordinated by The Bucknell University Environmental Center’sNature and Human Communities Initiative The Susquehanna Colloquium for Nature and Human Communities The Susquehanna River Heartland Coalition for Environmental Studies In partnership with Bucknell University The Eastern Delaware Nations The Haudenosaunee Confederacy The Susquehanna Greenway Partnership Pennsylvania Environmental Council Funded by the Conservation Fund/R.K. Mellon Foundation 2 Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 3 Recommended Susquehanna River Connecting Trail................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 Staff ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Criteria used for Study................................................................................................................. 6 2. Description of Study Area, Team Areas, and Smith Map Analysis ...................................... 8 a. Master Map of Sites and Trails from Smith Era in Study Area........................................... 8 b. Study -
Pullman Company Archives
PULLMAN COMPANY ARCHIVES THE NEWBERRY LIBRARY Guide to the Pullman Company Archives by Martha T. Briggs and Cynthia H. Peters Funded in Part by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Chicago The Newberry Library 1995 ISBN 0-911028-55-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................. v - xii ... Access Statement ............................................ xiii Record Group Structure ..................................... xiv-xx Record Group No . 01 President .............................................. 1 - 42 Subgroup No . 01 Office of the President ...................... 2 - 34 Subgroup No . 02 Office of the Vice President .................. 35 - 39 Subgroup No . 03 Personal Papers ......................... 40 - 42 Record Group No . 02 Secretary and Treasurer ........................................ 43 - 153 Subgroup No . 01 Office of the Secretary and Treasurer ............ 44 - 151 Subgroup No . 02 Personal Papers ........................... 152 - 153 Record Group No . 03 Office of Finance and Accounts .................................. 155 - 197 Subgroup No . 01 Vice President and Comptroller . 156 - 158 Subgroup No. 02 General Auditor ............................ 159 - 191 Subgroup No . 03 Auditor of Disbursements ........................ 192 Subgroup No . 04 Auditor of Receipts ......................... 193 - 197 Record Group No . 04 Law Department ........................................ 199 - 237 Subgroup No . 01 General Counsel .......................... 200 - 225 Subgroup No . 02