APPENDIX E Special Status Plant Species Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Malosma Laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. Ex Abrams
I. SPECIES Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Abrams NRCS CODE: Family: Anacardiaceae MALA6 Subfamily: Anacardiodeae Order: Sapindales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida Immature fruits are green to red in mid-summer. Plants tend to flower in May to June. A. Subspecific taxa none B. Synonyms Rhus laurina Nutt. (USDA PLANTS 2017) C. Common name laurel sumac (McMinn 1939, Calflora 2016) There is only one species of Malosma. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data and a combination of D. Taxonomic relationships molecular and structural data place Malosma as distinct but related to both Toxicodendron and Rhus (Miller et al. 2001, Yi et al. 2004, Andrés-Hernández et al. 2014). E. Related taxa in region Rhus ovata and Rhus integrifolia may be the closest relatives and laurel sumac co-occurs with both species. Very early, Malosma was separated out of the genus Rhus in part because it has smaller fruits and lacks the following traits possessed by all species of Rhus : red-glandular hairs on the fruits and axis of the inflorescence, hairs on sepal margins, and glands on the leaf blades (Barkley 1937, Andrés-Hernández et al. 2014). F. Taxonomic issues none G. Other The name Malosma refers to the strong odor of the plant (Miller & Wilken 2017). The odor of the crushed leaves has been described as apple-like, but some think the smell is more like bitter almonds (Allen & Roberts 2013). The leaves are similar to those of the laurel tree and many others in family Lauraceae, hence the specific epithet "laurina." Montgomery & Cheo (1971) found time to ignition for dried leaf blades of laurel sumac to be intermediate and similar to scrub oak, Prunus ilicifolia, and Rhamnus crocea; faster than Heteromeles arbutifolia, Arctostaphylos densiflora, and Rhus ovata; and slower than Salvia mellifera. -
CACTUS COURIER Newsletter of the Palomar Cactus and Succulent Society
BULLETIN NOVEMBER 2014 CACTUS COURIER Newsletter of the Palomar Cactus and Succulent Society Volume 60, Number 11 November 2014 The Meeting is the 4th Saturday NOVEMBER 22, 2014 Park Avenue Community Center 210 Park Ave Escondido, CA 92025 Noon!! Coffee!! Photo by Robert Pickett “Ethiopia – Plants, History, and Cultures” • • Gary James • • Gary James has been interested in succulent In recent years he has been traveling to succulent-rich plants for many years – both his grandmother and his parts of the world to observe plants in habitat. Seeing parents had large succulent gardens. Growing up in South them growing in their natural areas gives an observer a Pasadena allowed him to spend many days visiting the better idea of how to care for the plants in one’s Huntington Botanic Gardens – back when admission was collection. free! In 2000 he organized a tour of Ethiopia for a group of friends. They traveled all over the country and observed a number of wonderful plant habitats. Ethiopia is a fascinating country with a long history of having never been colonized by a European power. The country includes many interesting tribes in the Omo River Valley, intriguing monuments in the north, and unusual Christian churches in the Lalibela area. Theirs is a rich Moslem culture as well. The talk will be a general introduction to the variety of cultures, tribes, historic monuments, as well as a look at many of the unusual plants that are found throughout the country. vvvvvvvv Board Meeting • Plant Sales • Brag Plants • Exchange Table REFRESHMENTS Lorie Johansen Martha Hansen • • • YOUR NAME HERE! • • • Please think about bringing something to share – it makes the day more fun! And we have a reputation to uphold!! Plant of the Month • • Tylecodon • • Tylecodon is a genus of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae. -
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico -
How to Look at Oaks
How to Look at Oaks Species name: __________________________________________ Growth habit: tree or shrub Bark type on mature trees: scaly and papery or smooth and furrowed gray or black Foliage: Evergreen or deciduous Leaves Leaf margins: entire (smooth) lobed toothed Leaf edges from the side: wavy fat concave Lobe tips: rounded (not spiny) or spine-tipped Leaf underside: hairless or with small tufs of hairs or covered with hairs color: _______________ Leaf upper surface: dull or shiny hairless or covered with hairs color: _______________ Acorns Time to maturity: one year or two years Acorn shape: oblong elongated round tip: pointed or rounded Acorn size: length: ___________ width: ___________ Acorn cup: deep or shallow % of mature acorn covered by cup: Acorn cup shape: cap saucer bowl cup Acorn cup scales: thin, papery, leafike or thick, knobby, warty Scale tips: loose or pressed tightly to each other Acorn inner surface: densely fuzzy or hairless Based on the features above, is this a: Red/Black Oak White Oak Intermediate Oak Other Notable Features: Characteristics and Taxonomy of Quercus in California Genus Quercus = ~400-600 species Original publication: Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 994. 1753 Sections in the subgenus Quercus: Red Oaks or Black Oaks 1. Foliage evergreen or deciduous (Quercus section Lobatae syn. 2. Mature bark gray to dark brown or black, smooth or Erythrobalanus) deeply furrowed, not scaly or papery ~195 species 3. Leaf blade lobes with bristles 4. Acorn requiring 2 seasons to mature (except Q. Example native species: agrifolia) kelloggii, agrifolia, wislizeni, parvula 5. Cup scales fattened, never knobby or warty, never var. -
And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1
Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. -
Coastal Cactus Wren & California Gnatcatcher Habitat Restoration Project
Coastal Cactus Wren & California Gnatcatcher Habitat Restoration Project Encanto and Radio Canyons San Diego, CA Final Report AECOM and GROUNDWORK SAN DIEGO-CHOLLAS CREEK for SANDAG April 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................... 1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................................. 2 Project Boundary Definition ................................................................................................................ 2 Vegetation Mapping and Species Inventory ....................................................................................... 2 Coastal Cactus Wren and California Gnatcatcher Surveys .................................................................. 8 Cholla Harvesting .............................................................................................................................. 11 Plant Nursery Site Selection and Preparation ................................................................................... 12 Cholla Propagation ............................................................................................................................ 12 ON-SITE IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................ 12 Site Preparation................................................................................................................................ -
Paper Version of Palos Verdes
Selected Plants Native to Palos Verdes Peninsula (C.M. Rodrigue, 07/26/11) http://www.csulb.edu/geography/PV/ Succulents (plants with fleshy, often liquid-saturated leaves and/or stems. These features can be found in a variety of life forms, including annual herbaceous plants, vines, shrubs, and trees, as well as cacti) Herbaceous plants (non-woody, though there may be a woody caudex or basal stem and root -- annual growth dies back each year, resprouting in perennial or biennial plants, or the plant dies and is replaced by a new generation each year in the case of annual plants) Extremely tiny plant. Stems only about 2-6 cm tall, occasionally as much as 10 cm, leaves only 1-3 mm long (can get up to 6 mm long), fleshy, found at the plant's base or on the stems, shape generally ovate (egg-shaped), may have a blunt rounded end or a fine acute tip. The leaves are arranged oppositely, not alternately. The plant is green when new but ages to red or pink. Tiny flower (0.5- 2 mm) borne in leaf axils, usually just one per leaf pair on a pedicel (floral stem) less than 6 mm long. Two or 3 petals and 3 or 4 sepals. Flowers February to May. Annual herb. Found in open areas, in rocky nooks and crannies, and sometimes in vernal ponds (temporary pools that form after a rain and then slowly evaporate). Crassula connata (Crassulaceae): pygmy stonecrop or pygmy-weed or sand pygmyweed Leaves converted into scales along stems, which are arranged alternately and overlap. -
Engelmann Oak Survey Report 2018
Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Biological Monitoring Program 2018 Engelmann Oak (Quercus engelmannii) Recruitment Survey Report 25 February 2019 2018 Engelmann Oak Recruitment Survey Report TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 2 PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................ 2 STUDY SITE SELECTION ..................................................................................................................... 2 SURVEY METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 3 TRAINING ........................................................................................................................................... 4 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................ 5 RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 5 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................... -
Additional Details on Select Pollinator Plants Sugar Bush (Rhus Ovata
Additional Details on Select Pollinator Plants Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata) • Native to dry canyons/slopes of California • Flower colors are white and pink • Blooms during spring, winter • When established, needs only occasional watering and is easy to take care of • Prefers low moisture, is drought tolerant • Attracts butterflies and insects, bird friendly • Often used for firescaping (surrounding area with fire-resistant plants to create barrier) and slope stabilization (minimizing erosion) • Grows best in south facing chaparral slopes and hot/dry environments Pomegranate Trees • Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) maximum height is 30 feet tall in ideal conditions, but commonly grow 12 to 16 feet tall as a round shrub or small tree. • The fruit is typically in season from September to February. • Prefer full sun exposure. • Once established, pomegranates can take considerable drought, but for good fruit production they must be irrigated Toyon Berry • Often grow to about 8 feet tall. • Its leaves are evergreen, alternate, sharply toothed, and are 5 cm in length and 2 cm wide. • The flowers are visited by butterflies and other insects, and have a mild, hawthorn-like scent. • They like sun or part shade, though they tend to do better in part shade in the southern, drier part of their geographic range. Canyon Sunflower (Venegasia carpesioides) • A great choice for a dry shady part of the garden as it tolerates full shade or part shade/sun. • Its yellow flowers are nearly always blooming. • They are fairly drought tolerant and they require little or no care and it’s tolerant of a variety of different garden soils. -
SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS in the 1830S
SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS IN THE 1830s The Collections of Thomas Coulter, Thomas Nuttall, and H.M.S. Sulphur with George Barclay and Richard Hinds James Lightner San Diego Flora San Diego, California 2013 SAN DIEGO COUNTY NATIVE PLANTS IN THE 1830s Preface The Collections of Thomas Coulter, Thomas Nuttall, and Our knowledge of the natural environment of the San Diego region H.M.S. Sulphur with George Barclay and Richard Hinds in the first half of the 19th century is understandably vague. Referenc- es in historical sources are limited and anecdotal. As prosperity peaked Copyright © 2013 James Lightner around 1830, probably no more than 200 inhabitants in the region could read and write. At most one or two were trained in natural sciences or All rights reserved medicine. The best insights we have into the landscape come from nar- No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form ratives of travelers and the periodic reports of the missions’ lands. They without permission in writing from the publisher. provide some idea of the extent of agriculture and the general vegeta- tion covering surrounding land. ISBN: 978-0-9749981-4-5 The stories of the visits of United Kingdom naturalists who came in Library of Congress Control Number: 2013907489 the 1830s illuminate the subject. They were educated men who came to the territory intentionally to examine the flora. They took notes and col- Cover photograph: lected specimens as botanists do today. Reviewing their contributions Matilija Poppy (Romneya trichocalyx), Barrett Lake, San Diego County now, we can imagine what they saw as they discovered plants we know. -
Previously Unrecorded Damage to Oak, Quercus Spp., in Southern California by the Goldspotted Oak Borer, Agrilus Coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) 1 2 TOM W
THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 84(4):288–300, (2008) Previously unrecorded damage to oak, Quercus spp., in southern California by the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) 1 2 TOM W. COLEMAN AND STEVEN J. SEYBOLD 1USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Protection, 602 S. Tippecanoe Ave., San Bernardino, California 92408 Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] 2USDA Forest Service-Pacific Southwest Research Station, Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, 720 Olive Dr., Suite D, Davis, California 95616 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A new and potentially devastating pest of oaks, Quercus spp., has been discovered in southern California. The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), colonizes the sapwood surface and phloem of the main stem and larger branches of at least three species of Quercus in San Diego Co., California. Larval feeding kills patches and strips of the phloem and cambium resulting in crown die back followed by mortality. In a survey of forest stand conditions at three sites in this area, 67% of the Quercus trees were found with external or internal evidence of A. coxalis attack. The literature and known distribution of A. coxalis are reviewed, and similarities in the behavior and impact of this species with other tree-killing Agrilus spp. are discussed. Key Words. Agrilus coxalis, California, flatheaded borer, introduced species, oak mortality, Quercus agrifolia, Quercus chrysolepis, Quercus kelloggii, range expansion. INTRODUCTION Extensive mortality of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Ne´e (Fagaceae), Engelmann oak, Quercus engelmannii Greene, and California black oak, Q. kelloggii Newb., has occurred since 2002 on the Cleveland National Forest (CNF) in San Diego Co., California. -
1 Final Report Saratoga Horticultural Research Endowment 2013-2015
Final Report Saratoga Horticultural Research Endowment 2013-2015 Ornamental plant trials for the new California landscape: Evaluating industry introductions for sustainable characteristics on reduced water Principal Investigator: Karrie Reid, UCCE Environmental Horticulture Advisor, San Joaquin County 2101 E. Earhart Ave., Ste 200 Stockton, CA 95206-3949 (209) 953-6109 office (209) 953-6128 fax [email protected] Co-Investigators: David W. Fujino, Ph.D., Director, California Center for Urban Horticulture, UC Davis Lorence (Loren) R. Oki, Ph.D., CE Specialist, Dept. of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Jared Sisneroz, Staff Research Associate, Dept. of Plant Sciences, UC Davis Executive Summary In these trials 16 perennial landscape plant species, (9 new cultivars and 7 underutilized species/cultivars), were evaluated for overall performance on a range of reduced irrigation levels in clay loam soil in the hot interior Central Valley of California. All plants were grown in- ground for 2 years; 12 of the species in full sun and 4 under 50% shade. Planting in October 2013 was followed by an establishment period of irrigation at 80%-100% of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and 25% management allowable depletion through April 2015. Plants were then subjected to 1 of 4 different levels of reduced irrigation at 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% of ET0 during the dry season through the first week of October 2015. During the deficit irrigation season they were evaluated across treatments for growth, health and vigor, overall appearance, flowering, pest tolerance, and disease resistance. From these assessments, irrigation recommendations are made for their use in the landscape. Introduction Plant performance trials are a critical step in the introduction and promotion of new or unfamiliar ornamental plants.