CHRISTIAN MUSIC EXPERIENCES in the FAITH DEVELOPMENT of ADOLESCENTS: a PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY Winnie Gray White Liberty University School of Education
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CHRISTIAN MUSIC EXPERIENCES IN THE FAITH DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY by Winnie Gray White Liberty University A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University June, 2014 CHRISTIAN MUSIC EXPERIENCES IN THE FAITH DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY by Winnie Rebecca Gray White A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA June, 2014 APPROVED BY: James Swezey, Ed.D., Committee Chair Meredith Furrow, Ed.D., Committee Member Lin Wheeler, Ed.D., Committee Member Scott Watson, Ph.D., Associate Dean, Advanced Programs 2 CHRISTIAN MUSIC EXPERIENCES IN THE FAITH DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenology study was to discover how Christian music experiences affect the faith development of adolescents. The lived experiences are the on-going process in which adolescents develop through the stages of faith and how Christian music fits into that process. The participants were adolescents who participated in a youth group with an active music experience on a weekly basis. I used the transcendental phenomenology model which included the epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis of texture and structure to collect, gather, and analyze the data. Data were collected from 11 adolescents utilizing observations, Fowler’s Life Tapestry Journal, Fowler’s Faith Development Instrument, and Christian music experiences interview questions. I analyzed the data using systematic phenomenology procedures by developing individual textural and structural descriptions, compositing textural and structural descriptions, and synthesizing textural and structural meanings and essences of the Christian music experience in the faith development of adolescents. This study resulted in compelling and insightful phenomenological descriptions about the faith development of adolescents and how Christian music affects their development. Keywords: music, faith development, Christianity, youth, singing, phenomenology 3 Dedication Page I dedicate this paper to Jesus Christ. I am thankful that He called me to get this degree, provided a way financially for my tuition, and gave me a family that supported me each step of the way. I owe my husband the most gratitude. He has provided me an office in our home, taken care of children at night in order for me to work, and coached me to work past my bedtime to “get it done.” Without his sacrifices, I would never have gotten this far. I want to thank my three children, Emma, Sarah, and Jake, for allowing me quiet time to work. They have sacrificed also so that I could get this degree. I also want to acknowledge my parents’ role in my dissertation process. They have provided moral support and also financial support. Without them, this would have been a lot more stressful. I want to thank Dr. Lucinda Spaulding for her guidance in EDUC 919, and Dr. James Swezey for his encouraging emails and expert attention to details in my work. Last but not least, I want to thank my principal, Joy McDowell. She has been incredibly supportive during these four years I have been working diligently on this degree. She has understood on the days I have run out of the school building right after the last bell. I am thankful for her support and listening ear. 4 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 3 Dedication Page .................................................................................................................. 4 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 10 Background ....................................................................................................................... 11 Historical ....................................................................................................................... 11 Social ............................................................................................................................ 12 Physical ......................................................................................................................... 14 Fowler’s Stages of Faith ............................................................................................... 15 Situation to Self................................................................................................................. 16 Philosophical Assumptions and Paradigm .................................................................... 16 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................ 19 Purpose Statement ............................................................................................................. 19 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................. 20 Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 20 Research Plan .................................................................................................................... 21 Delimitations ..................................................................................................................... 22 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 24 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................... 25 Review of the Literature ................................................................................................... 32 Faith .............................................................................................................................. 33 5 Youth Ministries ........................................................................................................... 35 Adolescence .................................................................................................................. 37 Music ............................................................................................................................ 40 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 54 Research Design................................................................................................................ 56 Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 59 Participants ........................................................................................................................ 60 Setting ............................................................................................................................... 61 Procedures ......................................................................................................................... 62 Researcher's Role .............................................................................................................. 63 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 64 Observations ................................................................................................................. 64 Life Tapestry Journals .................................................................................................. 66 Interviews ...................................................................................................................... 66 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................... 70 Faith Development Instrument ..................................................................................... 71 Horizonalization ............................................................................................................ 72 Clustering ...................................................................................................................... 72 Textural and Structural Descriptions ............................................................................ 73 Synthesis ....................................................................................................................... 73 Trustworthiness ................................................................................................................. 74 Member Checks and Feedback ..................................................................................... 74 6 Triangulation ................................................................................................................. 74 Thick Descriptions ........................................................................................................ 75 Ethical Considerations