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The Cape Fold Belt
STORIES IN STONE FURTHER AFIELD: THE CAPE FOLD BELT Duncan Miller This document is copyright protected. Safety None of it may be altered, duplicated or Some locations can be dangerous because of disseminated without the author’s permission. opportunistic criminals. Preferably travel in a group with at least two vehicles. When It may be printed for private use. inspecting a road-cut, park well off the road, your vehicle clearly visible, with hazard lights switched on. Be aware of passing traffic, particularly if you step back towards the road Parts of the text have been reworked from the to photograph a cutting. Keep children under following articles published previously: control and out of the road. Miller, D. 2005. The Sutherland and Robertson Fossils olivine melilitites. South African Lapidary Magazine 37(3): 21–25. It is illegal to collect fossils in South Africa Miller, D. 2006. The history of the mountains without a permit from the South African that shape the Cape. Village Life 19: 38–41. Miller, D. 2007. A brief history of the Heritage Resources Agency. Descriptions of Malmesbury Group and the intrusive Cape fossil occurrences do not encourage illegal Granite Suite. South African Lapidary collection. Magazine 39(3): 24–30. Miller, D. 2008. Granite – signature rock of the Cape. Village Life 30: 42–47. Previous page: Hermitage Kloof in the Langeberg, Copyright 2020 Duncan Miller Swellendam, Western Cape THE CAPE FOLD BELT on beaches which flanked a shallow sea; that the dark shales were originally mud; and that The Western Cape owes its scenic splendour granite is the frozen relic of once molten rock to its mountains. -
Freshwater Fishes
WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage. -
In the Little Karoo, South Africa
ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF LEOPARDS (PANTHERA PARDUS) IN THE LITTLE KAROO, SOUTH AFRICA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF RHODES UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY BY GARETH MANN FEBRUARY 2014 i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Leopards (Panthera pardus) are the most common large predators, free roaming outside of protected areas across most of South Africa. Leopard persistence is attributed to their tolerance of rugged terrain that is subject to less development pressure, as well as their cryptic behaviour. Nevertheless, existing leopard populations are threatened indirectly by ongoing transformation of natural habitat and directly through hunting and conflict with livestock farmers. Together these threats may further isolate leopards to fragmented areas of core natural habitat. I studied leopard habitat preferences, population density, diet and the attitudes of landowners towards leopards in the Little Karoo, Western Cape, South Africa, an area of mixed land-use that contains elements of three overlapping global biodiversity hotspots. Data were gathered between 2010 and 2012 using camera traps set up at 141 sites over an area of ~3100km2, GPS tracking collars fitted to three male leopards, scat samples (n=76), interviews with landowners (n=53) analysed in combination with geographical information system (GIS) layers. My results reveal that leopards preferred rugged, mountainous terrain of intermediate elevation, avoiding low-lying, open areas where human disturbance was generally greater. Despite relatively un-fragmented habitat within my study area, the leopard population density (0.75 leopards/100km2) was one of the lowest yet recorded in South Africa. This may reflect low prey densities in mountain refuges in addition to historical human persecution in the area. -
Assessment of the Groot River, Meiringspoort Following Diesel Contamination Final Report
Client Envirosure ASSESSMENT OF THE GROOT RIVER, MEIRINGSPOORT FOLLOWING DIESEL CONTAMINATION FINAL REPORT Prepared by Justine Ewart-Smith November 2017 Freshwater Consulting cc Unit F6, Prime Park Mocke Road Diep River, 7800 Email: [email protected] Phone: 082 3738380 Meirings River Monitoring: Baseline Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Terms of Reference ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Limitations ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Use of this Report.............................................................................................................................. 3 2 CLEAN-UP OPERATIONS UNDERTAKEN TO DATE ...................................................................... 3 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED RIVER ECOSYSTEM ................................................................. 4 3.1 The Groot River Catchment .............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 A description of the Meirings River within the study area .............................................................. -
7. Water Quality
Western Cape IWRM Action Plan: Status Quo Report Final Draft 7. WATER QUALITY 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1.1 What is water quality? “Water quality” is a term used to express the suitability of water to sustain various uses, such as agricultural, domestic, recreational, and industrial, or aquatic ecosystem processes. A particular use or process will have certain requirements for the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water; for example limits on the concentrations of toxic substances for drinking water use, or restrictions on temperature and pH ranges for water supporting invertebrate communities. Consequently, water quality can be defined by a range of variables which limit water use by comparing the physical and chemical characteristics of a water sample with water quality guidelines or standards. Although many uses have some common requirements for certain variables, each use will have its own demands and influences on water quality. Water quality is neither a static condition of a system, nor can it be defined by the measurement of only one parameter. Rather, it is variable in both time and space and requires routine monitoring to detect spatial patterns and changes over time. The composition of surface and groundwater is dependent on natural factors (geological, topographical, meteorological, hydrological, and biological) in the drainage basin and varies with seasonal differences in runoff volumes, weather conditions, and water levels. Large natural variations in water quality may, therefore, be observed even where only a single water resource is involved. Human intervention also has significant effects on water quality. Some of these effects are the result of hydrological changes, such as the building of dams, draining of wetlands, and diversion of flow. -
Cape Fold Belt
PRE 11 Cape Fold Belt FIELD TRIP LEADERS: Coenie de Beer and Gideon Brunsdon The field trip will cover the Permo-Triassic CFB, with stops along the lesser deformed western branch on the first day, across the syntaxis and then along the stronger deformed, northerly overturned southern branch. On the first day, we will initially follow the N7 and turn towards the east into the Cederberg Mountains between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam, then drive south to overnight at Mount Cedar. The second day will be spent to view the relationships between folds of the western branch and the southern branch in the syntaxis between Ceres and Montagu. Stops are scheduled to discuss flexural slip fold interference and syntaxial structure, the Mesozoic Worcester fault, seismicity and hot springs. We then travel into the southern branch via R62 from Montagu to Oudtshoorn to see northward overturning, kink folds, cleavage, Miocene geomorphology, and the hot spring at Warmwaterberg, the Mesozoic rift fill sequence and the Kango fault. The third day will be spent travelling to Willowmore, stopping to view Holocene fault reactivation along the Kango fault system, Cretaceous rocks of the Oudtshoorn Basin, the inlier of basement rocks (Kango Group). Folding is spectacularly displayed in sections at Meiringspoort, whereas low angle faulting will be viewed at Uniondale. On the fourth day we travel via Steytlerville to overnight in Port Elizabeth. Folded and thrust-faulted rocks of the upper Cape Supergroup will be examined and we cross the Algoa Basin (Cretaceous) at Uitenhage on the way. On the final day of the excursion we will drive back from Port Elizabeth to Cape Town and experience the spectacular scenery along the Garden Route. -
History of the Oudtshoorn Research Farm 50 Years
Oudtshoorn Research Farm: Oudtshoorn Research Oudtshoorn Research Farm: Celebrating 50 years of the world’s firstOstrich Research Farm (1964 – 2014) Celebrating 50 years (1964 – 2014) ISBN: 978-0-9922409-2-9 PRINT | DIGITAL | MOBILE | RADIO | EVENTS | BRANDED CONTENT Your communications partner in the agricultural industry Oudtshoorn Research Farm: Celebrating 50 years of the world’s first Ostrich Research Farm (1964 – 2014) Editors: Schalk Cloete, Anel Engelbrecht, Pavarni Jorgensen List of contributors: Minnie Abrahams Ters Brand Zanell Brand Willem Burger Schalk Cloete Anel Engelbrecht Derick Engelbrecht Attie Erasmus Ernst Guder Samuel Jelander Pavarni Jorgensen Kobus Nel Phyllis Pienaar Andre Roux Piet Roux Ansie Scholtz Jan Smit Charnine Sobey Derick Swart Jan Theron Johan van der Merwe Koot van Schalkwyk Bennie Visser Toni Xaba Oudtshoorn Research Farm: Celebrating 50 years of the world’s first Ostrich Research Farm (1964 – 2014) Limited print run of 250 copies. Copyright © 2014 – Western Cape Department of Agriculture [email protected] www.elsenburg.com Private Bag X1 Elsenburg 7607 Oudtshoorn Research Farm Old Kammanassie Road Rooiheuwel Oudtshoorn 6620 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any other information storage or retrieval system, without the written permission from the author. Reproduction: Agri Connect (Pty) Ltd PO Box 1284 Pretoria, 0001 South Africa www.agriconnect.co.za Publisher Leza Putter Executive editor Pavarni Jorgensen Copy editor Milton Webber Creative design Michélle van der Walt ISBN: 978-0-9922409-2-9 Printed and bound by Fishwicks Printers, Durban, South Africa. -
Dragonflies and Damselflies of the Western Cape
BIODIVERSITY OBSERVATIONS RESEARCH PAPER (CITIZEN SCIENCE) Dragonflies and damselflies of the Western Cape - OdonataMAP report, August 2018 Author(s): Journal editor: Underhill LG, Loftie-Eaton M and Pete Laver Navarro R Manuscript editor: Pete Laver Received: August 30, 2018; Accepted: September 6, 2018; Published: September 06, 2018 Citation: Underhill LG, Loftie-Eaton M and Navarro R. 2018. Dragonflies and damselflies of the Western Cape - OdonataMAP report, August 2018. Biodiversity Observations 9.7:1-21 Journal: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/ Manuscript: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/article/view/643 PDF: https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/article/view/643/554 HTML: http://thebdi.org/blog/2018/09/06/odonata-of-the-western-cape Biodiversity Observations is an open access electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town, available at https://journals.uct.ac.za/index.php/BO/ The scope of Biodiversity Observations includes papers describing observations about biodiversity in general, including animals, plants, algae and fungi. This includes observations of behaviour, breeding and flowering patterns, distributions and range extensions, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and colouration/plumage variations. Biotic interactions such as pollination, fruit dispersal, herbivory and predation fall within the scope, as well as the use of indigenous and exotic species by humans. Observations of naturalised plants and animals will also be considered. Biodiversity Observations will also publish a variety of other interesting or relevant biodiversity material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist bibliographies, book reviews and any other appropriate material. -
South Africa Motorcycle Tour
+49 (0)40 468 992 48 Mo-Fr. 10:00h to 19.00h Good Hope: South Africa Motorcycle Tour (M-ID: 2658) https://www.motourismo.com/en/listings/2658-good-hope-south-africa-motorcycle-tour from €4,890.00 Dates and duration (days) On request 16 days 01/28/2022 - 02/11/2022 15 days Pure Cape region - a pure South Africa tour to enjoy: 2,500 kilometres with fantastic passes between coastal, nature and wine-growing landscapes. Starting with the world famous "Chapmans Peak" it takes as a start or end point on our other South Africa tours. It is us past the "Cape of Good Hope" along the beautiful bays situated directly on Beach Road in Sea Point. Today it is and beaches around Cape Town. Afterwards the tour runs time to relax and discover Cape Town. We have dinner through the heart of the wine growing areas via together in an interesting restaurant in the city centre. Franschhoek to Paarl. Via picturesque Wellington and Tulbagh we pass through the fruit growing areas of Ceres Day 3: to the Cape of Good Hope (Winchester Mansions to the enchanted Cederberg Mountains. The vastness of Hotel) the Klein Karoo offers simply fantastic views on various Today's stage, which we start right after the handover and passes towards Montagu and Oudtshoorn. Over the briefing on GPS and motorcycles, takes us once around the famous Swartberg Pass we continue to the dreamy Prince entire Cape Peninsula. Although the round is only about Albert, which was also the home of singer Brian Finch 140 km long, there are already some highlights today. -
The Growth of Population in the Province of the Western Cape
Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit A Tapestry of People: The Growth of Population in the Province of the Western Cape by Dudley Horner and Francis Wilson WORKING PAPER SERIES Number 21 About the Authors and Acknowledgments Professor Francis Wilson and Dudley Horner are both SALDRU Honorary Research Fellows and were previously respectively director and deputy-director of the research unit. We acknowledge with thanks the Directorate for Social Research & Provincial Population in the Department of Social Development within the Provincial Government of the Western Cape, and particularly Mr Gavin Miller and Dr Ravayi Marindo, who commissioned this study as part of the project on the state of population in the Western Cape Province. We thank, too, Mrs Brenda Adams and Mrs Alison Siljeur for all their assistance with the production of this report. While we have endeavoured to make this historical overview as accurate as possible we would welcome any comments suggesting appropriate amendments or corrections. Recommended citation Horner, D. and Wilson, F. (2008) E A Tapestry of People: The Growth of Population in the Province of the Western Cape. A Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit Working Paper Number 21. Cape Town: SALDRU, University of Cape Town ISBN: 978-0-9814123-2-0 © Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, UCT, 2008 Working Papers can be downloaded in Adobe Acrobat format from www.saldru.uct.ac.za. Printed copies of Working Papers are available for R15.00 each plus vat and postage charges. Contact: Francis Wilson - [email protected] Dudley Horner - [email protected] Orders may be directed to: The Administrative Officer, SALDRU, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, Tel: (021) 650 5696, Fax: (021) 650 5697, Email: [email protected] A Tapestry of People: The Growth of Population in the Province of the Western Cape by Dudley Horner & Francis Wilson Long Before Van Riebeeck. -
Provincial Gazette Extraordinary Buitengewone Provinsiale Koerant
PROVINCE OF WESTERN CAPE PROVINSIE WES-KAAP Provincial Gazette Buitengewone Extraordinary Provinsiale Koerant 6930 6930 Friday, 23 December 2011 Vrydag, 23 Desember 2011 Registered at the Post Offıce as a Newspaper CONTENTS (*Reprints are obtainable at Room M21, Provincial Legislature Building, 7 Wale Street, Cape Town 8001.) No. Page Provincial Notice 333 Consolidated Annual Municipal Performance Report: 2009/10 .............................................................................. 2 2 Province of the Western Cape: Provincial Gazette Extraordinary 6930 23 December 2011 PROVINCIAL NOTICE PROVINSIALE KENNISGEWING The following Provincial Notice is published for general informa- Die volgende Provinsiale Kennisgewing word vir algemene inligting tion. gepubliseer. ADV. B. GERBER, ADV. B. GERBER, DIRECTOR-GENERAL DIREKTEUR-GENERAAL Provincial Building, Provinsiale-gebou, Wale Street, Waalstraat, Cape Town. Kaapstad. P.N. 333/2011 23 December 2011 Provincial Notice CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL MUNICIPAL PERFORMANCE REPORT 2009/10 23 Desember 2011 Provinsie Wes-Kaap: Buitengewone Provinsiale Koerant 6930 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD BY MEC vi LIST OF TABLES viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY x LEGISLATIVE OVERVIEW xiii RESEARCH METHODOLOGY xvi CHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC PROFILES OF MUNICIPALITIES 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Geographic information 1 1.3 Demographic information 3 1.4 Socio-economic information 4 1.5 Political composition 5 1.6 Classification of municipal capacity by the National Treasury 6 1.7 Assessment of demographic and socio-economic -
Tourism Remains a Key Driver of South Africa's National Economy And
Tourism remains a key driver of South Africa’s national economy and contributes to job creation. The tourism industry is a major contributor to the South African economy and employment of citizens. The sector contributes about 9% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) seeks to increase tourism’s total direct and indirect contribution to the economy from R189,4 billion in 2009 to R318,2 billion in 2015 and R499 billion in 2020. During 2016, 2 893 268 tourists arrived in South through air, 7 139 580 used road transport and 11 315 used sea transport. The majority of tourists, 9 706 602 (96,6%) were on holiday compared to 255 932 (2,5%) and 81 629 (0,8%) who came for business and study purposes respectively. The highest increase, 38,1% was for tourists from China (from 84 691 in 2015 to 116 946 in 2016), followed by India, 21,7% (from 78 385 in 2015 to 95 377 in 2016) and Germany, 21,5% (from 256 646 in 2015 to 311 832 in 2016). Tourists from Southern African Development Community Community countries (7 313 684) increased by 11,2%, from 6 575 244 in 2016. The highest increase, 26,0% was for tourists from Lesotho (from 1 394 913 in 2015 to 1 757 058 in 2016), followed by Botswana, 14,5% (from 593 514 in 2015 to 679 828 in 2016). The number of tourists from ‘other’ African countries (increased by 9,9% from 170 870 in 2015 to 187 828 in 2016.