PR3 Supplement: WSFS Constitution and Hugo Nominating Ballot

WSFS CONSTITUTION and HUGO NOMINATING BALLOT WSFS Constitution

CONSTITUTION The Membership of WSFS shall consist of all of the World Science Fiction Society, people who have paid membership dues to as of August 21, 2018 the Committee of the current Worldcon. Section 1.5: Memberships. SECRETARY’S NOTE: Material in red has 1.5.1: Each Worldcon shall offer supporting been deleted from the current Constitution; and and attending memberships. material in blue is newly added. Items in green 1.5.2: The rights of supporting members of a are hyperlinked cross-references. Worldcon include the right to receive all of its generally distributed publications. Article 1 – Name, Objectives, Membership, 1.5.3: The rights of attending members of and Organization a Worldcon include the rights of supporting Section 1.1: Name. The name of this members plus the right of general attendance organization shall be the World Science at said Worldcon and at the WSFS Business Fiction Society, hereinafter referred to as Meeting held thereat. WSFS or the Society. 1.5.4: Members of WSFS who cast a site- Section 1.2: Objectives. WSFS is an selection ballot with the required fee shall unincorporated literary society whose be supporting members of the selected functions are: Worldcon. (1) To choose the recipients of the annual 1.5.5: Voters have the right to convert to Hugo Awards (Science Fiction Achievement attending membership in the selected Awards). Worldcon within ninety (90) days of its (2) To choose the locations and Committees selection, for an additional fee set by its for the annual World Science Fiction committee. This fee must not exceed four Conventions (hereinafter referred to as (4) times the site-selection fee and must Worldcons). not exceed the difference between the site- (3) To attend those Worldcons. selection fee and the fee for new attending (4) To choose the locations and Committees members. for the occasional North American Science 1.5.6: The Worldcon Committee shall make Fiction Conventions (hereinafter referred to as provision for persons to become supporting NASFiCs). members for no more than one hundred (5) To perform such other activities as may and twenty-five percent (125%) of the site- be necessary or incidental to the above selection fee, or such higher amount as has purposes. been approved by the Business Meeting, until Section 1.3: Restrictions. a cutoff date no earlier than ninety (90) days No part of the Society’s net earnings shall be before their Worldcon. paid to its members, officers, or other private 1.5.7: Other memberships and fees shall be persons except in furtherance of the Society’s at the discretion of the Worldcon Committee. purposes. The Society shall not attempt to 1.5.8: No convention committee shall sell a influence legislation or any political campaign membership that includes any WSFS voting for public office. Should the Society dissolve, rights for less than the cost of the Supporting its assets shall be distributed by the current Membership required by Article 4 in the Worldcon Committee or the appropriate court selection of that convention. having jurisdiction, exclusively for charitable 1.5.9: No convention committee shall sell purposes. In this section, references to a membership that is available to persons the Society include the Mark Protection of the age of majority at the time of the Committee and all other agencies of the convention (as defined by the laws of Society but not convention bidding or the country and other jurisdictions where operating committees. the convention is being held), that allows Section 1.4: Membership. attendance and full participation for the entire duration of the convention and that does not memberships in the Committee, the include all WSFS voting rights. Should no law remainder of the position’s term may be of the country and other jurisdictions where filled by the Business Meeting, and until then the convention is being held define an age temporarily filled by the Committee of majority, the convention shall consider all Article 2 – Powers and Duties of Worldcon persons 18 years of age or older as being of Committees age of majority. Section 2.1: Duties. Section 1.6: Authority. Each Worldcon Committee shall, in Authority and responsibility for all matters accordance with this Constitution, provide for concerning the Worldcon, except those (1) administering the Hugo Awards, reserved herein to WSFS, shall rest with the (2) administering any future Worldcon or Worldcon Committee, which shall act in its NASFIC site selection required, and own name and not in that of WSFS. (3) holding a WSFS Business Meeting. Section 1.7: The Mark Protection Section 2.2: Marks. Every Worldcon and Committee. NASFIC Committee shall include the following 1.7.1: There shall be a Mark Protection notice in each of its publications: Committee of WSFS, which shall be “World Science Fiction Society”, “WSFS”, responsible for registration and protection of “World Science Fiction Convention”, the marks used by or under the authority of “Worldcon”, “NASFiC” “Hugo Award”, the WSFS. Hugo Award Logo, and the distinctive design 1.7.2: The Mark Protection Committee shall of the Hugo Award Trophy Rocket are service submit to the Business Meeting at each marks of the World Science Fiction Society, Worldcon a report of its activities since the an unincorporated literary society. Every previous Worldcon, including a statement of Worldcon and NASFIC Committee shall income and expense. include a notice in each of its publications 1.7.3: The Mark Protection Committee shall that clearly acknowledges the service hold a meeting at each Worldcon after the marks of the Society. The Mark Protection end of the Business Meeting, at a time and Committee shall supply each Worldcon place announced at the Business Meeting. committee with the correct form of such 1.7.4: The Mark Protection Committee shall notice. determine and elect its own officers. Section 2.3: Official Representative. Section 1.8: Membership of the Mark Each future selected Worldcon Committee Protection Committee. shall designate an official representative to 1.8.1: The Mark Protection Committee shall the Business Meeting to answer questions consist of: about their Worldcon. (1) One (1) member appointed to serve Section 2.4: Distribution of Rules. at the pleasure of each future selected The current Worldcon Committee shall Worldcon Committee and each of the two (2) publish the WSFS Constitution and Standing immediately preceding Worldcon Committees Rules, together with an explanation of (2) One (1) member appointed to serve at proposed changes approved but not yet the pleasure of each future selected NASFiC ratified. The Committee shall distribute these Committee and for each Committee of a documents to all WSFS members at a point NASFIC held in the previous two years, and between nine and three months prior to the (3) Nine (9) members elected three (3) each Worldcon, and shall also distribute them on year to staggered three-year terms by the paper to all WSFS members in attendance at Business Meeting. the Worldcon upon registration. 1.8.2: Newly elected members take their Section 2.5: Bid Presentations. seats, and the term of office ends for elected Each Worldcon Committee shall provide a and appointed members whose terms expire reasonable opportunity for bona fide bidding that year, at the end of the Business Meeting. committees for the Worldcon to be selected 1.8.3: If vacancies occur in elected the following year to make presentations. WSFS Constitution

Section 2.6: Incapacity of Committees. or NASFiC Committee, or any alternative With sites being selected two (2) years in organizational entity established to oversee advance, there are at least two selected and disburse that surplus, shall file annual current or future Worldcon Committees at financial reports regarding the disbursement all times. If one of these should be unable of that surplus at each year’s Business to perform its duties, the other selected Meeting, until the surplus is totally expended current or future Worldcon Committee shall or an amount equal to the original surplus has determine what action to take, by consulting been disbursed. the Business Meeting or by mail poll of WSFS 2.9.5: All financial reports shall include the if there is sufficient time, or by decision convention’s name, mailing address and of the Committee if there is not sufficient other contact information, including the name time. Where a site and Committee are of the person certifying and submitting the chosen by a Business Meeting or Worldcon report and, if applicable, the name of the Committee pursuant to this section, they convention’s parent organization, its tax- are not restricted by exclusion zone or other exempt status, the location of incorporation, qualifications. its address, website, email and other contact Section 2.7: Membership Pass-along. information, and the names and titles of its Within ninety (90) days after a Worldcon, current officers. the administering Committee shall, except Article 3 – Hugo Awards where prohibited by local law, forward its Section 3.1: Introduction. best information as to the names and postal Selection of the Hugo Awards shall be made addresses of all of its Worldcon members to as provided in this Article. the Committee of the next Worldcon. Section 3.2: General. Section 2.8: Financial Openness. Any 3.2.1: Unless otherwise specified, Hugo member of WSFS shall have the right, under Awards are given for work in the field of reasonable conditions, to examine the science fiction or fantasy appearing for the financial records and books of account of first time during the previous calendar year. the current Worldcon or NASFiC Committee, 3.2.2: A work shall not be eligible if in a prior all future selected Worldcon or NASFiC year it received sufficient nominations to Committees, the two immediately preceding appear on the final award ballot. Worldcon Committees, and the Committees 3.2.3: Publication date, or cover date in the of any NASFiCs held in the previous two case of a dated periodical, takes precedence years. over copyright date. Section 2.9: Financial Reports. 3.2.4: Works appearing in a series are eligible 2.9.1: Each future selected Worldcon or as individual works, but the series as a whole NASFiC Committee shall submit an annual is not eligible, except under Section 3.3.5. financial report, including a statement However, a work appearing in a number of of income and expenses, to each WSFS parts shall be eligible for the year of the final Business Meeting after the Committee’s part. selection. 3.2.5: In the story categories (3.3.1-3.3.5 and 2.9.2: Each Worldcon or NASFiC Committee 3.3.7), an author may withdraw a version of shall submit a report on its cumulative a work from consideration if the author feels surplus/loss at the next Business Meeting that the version is not representative of what after its convention. that author wrote. 2.9.3: Each Worldcon or NASFiC Committee 3.2.6: The categories of Best Novel, Novella, should dispose of surplus funds remaining Novelette, and Short Story shall be open to after accounts are settled for its convention works in which the text is the primary form of for the benefit of WSFS as a whole. communication, regardless of the publication 2.9.4: In the event of a surplus, the Worldcon medium, including but not limited to physical print, audiobook, and ebook. (3) installments consisting in total of at least 3.2.7: The Worldcon Committee shall not 240,000 words by the close of the previous consider previews, promotional trailers, calendar year, at least one (1) installment of commercials, public service announcements, which was published in the previous calendar or other extraneous material when year, and which has not previously won under determining the length of a work. Running 3.3.5. times of dramatic presentations shall be 3.3.5.1: Previous losing finalists in the Best based on their first general release. Series category shall be eligible only upon 3.2.8: The Worldcon Committee may relocate the publication of at least two (2) additional a story into a more appropriate category if it installments consisting in total of at least feels that it is necessary, provided that the 240,000 words after they qualified for their length of the story is within the lesser of five last appearance on the final ballot and by the thousand (5,000) words or twenty percent close of the previous calendar year. (20%) of the new category limits. 3.3.6: Best Related Work. Any work related 3.2.9: No work shall appear in more than one to the field of science fiction, fantasy, or category on the final Award ballot. fandom, appearing for the first time during 3.2.10: The Worldcon Committee may the previous calendar year or which has been relocate a dramatic presentation work into substantially modified during the previous a more appropriate category if it feels that it calendar year, and which is either non-fiction is necessary, provided that the length of the or, if fictional, is noteworthy primarily for work is within twenty percent (20%) of the aspects other than the fictional text, and new category boundary. which is not eligible in any other category. 3.2.11: A Professional Publication is one 3.3.7: Best Graphic Story. Any science which meets at least one of the following two fiction or fantasy story told in graphic form criteria: appearing for the first time in the previous (1) it provided at least a quarter the income of calendar year. any one person or, 3.3.8: Best Dramatic Presentation, Long (2) was owned or published by any entity Form. Any theatrical feature or other which provided at least a quarter the income production, with a complete running time of any of its staff and/or owner. of more than 90 minutes, in any medium of 3.2.12: The Worldcon Committee is dramatized science fiction, fantasy or related responsible for all matters concerning the subjects that has been publicly presented Awards. for the first time in its present dramatic form Section 3.3: Categories. during the previous calendar year. 3.3.1: Best Novel. A science fiction or fantasy 3.3.9: Best Dramatic Presentation, Short story of forty thousand (40,000) words or Form. Any television program or other more. production, with a complete running time 3.3.2: Best Novella. A science fiction or of 90 minutes or less, in any medium of fantasy story of between seventeen thousand dramatized science fiction, fantasy or related five hundred (17,500) and forty thousand subjects that has been publicly presented (40,000) words. for the first time in its present dramatic form 3.3.3: Best Novelette. A science fiction or during the previous calendar year. fantasy story of between seven thousand five 3.3.10: Best Editor Short Form. The editor hundred (7,500) and seventeen thousand five of at least four (4) anthologies, collections or hundred (17,500) words. magazine issues (or their equivalent in other 3.3.4: Best Short Story. A science fiction or media) primarily devoted to science fiction fantasy story of less than seven thousand five and / or fantasy, at least one of which was hundred (7,500) words. published in the previous calendar year. 3.3.5: Best Series. A multi-installment 3.3.11: Best Editor Long Form. The editor of science fiction or fantasy story, unified by at least four (4) novel-length works primarily elements such as plot, characters, setting, devoted to science fiction and / or fantasy and presentation, appearing in at least three published in the previous calendar year that do not qualify as works under 3.3.10. previous calendar year. 3.3.12: Best Professional Artist. An illustrator 3.3.18: Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult whose work has appeared in a professional Book. The Lodestar Award for Best Young publication in the field of science fiction or Adult Book is given for a book published for fantasy during the previous calendar year. young adult readers in the field of science 3.3.13: Best Semiprozine. Any generally fiction or fantasy appearing for the first time available non-professional periodical during the previous calendar year, with such publication devoted to science fiction or exceptions as are listed in Section 3.4. fantasy, or related subjects which by the close of the previous calendar year has published Provided that unless this amendment is re- four (4) or more issues (or the equivalent ratified by the 2021 Business Meeting, Section in other media), at least one (1) of which 3.3.18 shall be repealed and the modifications appeared in the previous calendar year, which to 3.7.3 and 3.11.2 reversed; and does not qualify as a fancast, and which in the Provided further that the question of re- previous calendar year met at least one (1) of ratification shall automatically be placed on the the following criteria: agenda of the 2021 Business Meeting. (1) paid its contributors and/or staff in other than copies of the publication, 3.3.19: Additional Category. Not more (2) was generally available only for paid than one special category may be created purchase, by the current Worldcon Committee with 3.3.14: Best Fanzine. Any generally available nomination and voting to be the same as non-professional periodical publication for the permanent categories. The Worldcon devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related Committee is not required to create any subjects that by the close of the previous such category; such action by a Worldcon calendar year has published four (4) or more Committee should be under exceptional issues (or the equivalent in other media), circumstances only; and the special category at least one (1) of which appeared in the created by one Worldcon Committee shall previous calendar year, that does not qualify not be binding on following Committees. as a semiprozine or a fancast, and that in Awards created under this paragraph shall be the previous calendar year met neither of the considered to be Hugo Awards. following criteria: Section 3.4: Extended Eligibility. (1) paid its contributors or staff monetarily in 3.4.1: A work originally appearing in a other than copies of the publication, language other than English shall also be (2) was generally available only for paid eligible for the year in which it is first issued in purchase. English translation. 3.3.15: Best Fancast. Any generally available 3.4.2: Works originally published outside the non-professional audio or video periodical United States of America and first published devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related in the United States of America in the subjects that by the close of the previous previous calendar year shall also be eligible calendar year has released four (4) or more for Hugo Awards. episodes, at least one (1) of which appeared 3.4.3: In the event that a potential Hugo in the previous calendar year, and that does Award nominee receives extremely limited not qualify as a dramatic presentation. distribution in the year of its first publication 3.3.16: Best Fan Writer. Any person whose or presentation, its eligibility may be extended writing has appeared in semiprozines or for an additional year by a two-thirds (2/3) fanzines or in generally available electronic vote of the intervening Business Meeting of media during the previous calendar year. WSFS. 3.3.17: Best Fan Artist. An artist or cartoonist Section 3.5: Name and Design. The Hugo whose work has appeared through publication Award shall continue to be standardized on in semiprozines or fanzines or through other the rocket ship design of Jack McKnight public, non-professional, display (including at a convention or conventions), during the The WSFS Constitution continues after the Hugo Nominating Ballot section.... Hugo Nominating Ballot

Please Read These Instructions Carefully Before Casting Your Ballot

Eligibility to Nominate ● You may nominate up to five persons or works in each category. However, if you You may nominate for the 2019 Hugo Awards, are not familiar with the works that fall the Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult into that category, you are permitted (and Book, the John W. Campbell Award for Best encouraged) to make fewer nominations New Writer and the 1944 Retro Hugo Awards, or none at all. Your nominations are if, on or before 31 December 2018, 11:59 PM equally weighted – the order in which you PST: list them has no effect on the outcome. ● “No Award” will appear automatically in ● you are an attending or supporting every single category on the final ballot – member of Dublin 2019: An Irish there is no need to include that choice on Worldcon (the 2019 World Science Fiction the nomination form. Convention). ● If your nominee is not well known, please ● you were an attending or supporting provide a source where their 2018 work in member of Worldcon 76 in San Jose (the that category may be found. This 2018 World Science Fiction Convention). information makes it easier for us to identify the work you intend to nominate. Note: Young Adult and (for Worldcon 76) ● If you make nominations for Best Series, it military memberships count as attending will help us if you also list a volume in the memberships and are eligible to nominate. series that was published in 2018 (or 1943 Child memberships, one-day memberships respectively). and hall passes do not. ● Please type or print clearly. We cannot count illegible ballots. Deadline ● Please note that nominations in the All ballots must be received by Friday 15 written fiction and dramatic presentation March 2019, 11:59 PDT. categories may be relocated to a different category by the Hugo Awards Please mail as early as possible to ensure your Administrator if close in length to the ballot will be counted. Paper ballots should category boundary. be mailed to: ● You can also nominate online via the Dublin 2019 website. You will receive an Dublin 2019 Hugo Administration e-mail to your registered e-mail address P. O. Box 314 with your customized login link. Click on Annapolis Junction, MD 20701-0314 USA the link and you will be able to begin your nominations ballot. We recommend placing your ballot in a sealed ● If you have not received that email, or envelope for mailing. This will ensure proper have any other questions about the delivery. You can also email a scanned ballot process or need assistance with to [email protected], but we nominating, please contact us at prefer if you use the online form. [email protected].

How to Nominate – either by Mail or Online The Hugo Ballot containing the nominees in each category that qualified for the final If you are nominating by mail, please ballot will be published by Dublin 2019 in April complete the eligibility section on the first 2019. Only members of Dublin 2019 (including page of the ballot. Do not forget to sign the those who join after 31 December, 2018) will ballot – we will not count unsigned ballots. be eligible to vote on the final ballot. Please contact [email protected] if you have questions. contact [email protected] if you have made for eligibility for the 2019 Hugos or questions. the 1944 Retro Hugos.

Eligibility for Nominations Other eligibility rules are included with the specific categories. The full rules for the Hugo Works published in 2018 for the first time Awards are contained in the WSFS constitution anywhere are eligible for the Hugo Awards available at http://www.wsfs.org/wp- being awarded in 2019. So are works published content/uploads/2018/09/WSFS-Constitution- for the first time in English translation in 2018, as-of-August-21-2018.pdf. or for the first time in the United States in 2018, unless they have already appeared on a Hugo Exclusions Award final ballot. The Dublin 2019 Committee has irrevocably Works published in 1943 for the first time delegated all Hugo Administration authority to anywhere are eligible for the 1944 Retro Hugo a subcommittee. Therefore, Nicholas Whyte, Awards being awarded in 2019. So are works Vince Docherty. Mark Meenan, Sanna-Kreeta published the first time in English translation in Lopperi and Colette H. Fozard are ineligible for 1943, or for the first time in the United States in 2019 Hugo Awards. 1943, unless they have already appeared on a Hugo Award final ballot. Reproduction

Books are considered to have been published in Reproduction and distribution of this ballot is the year of the publication date, which usually permitted and encouraged, provided that it is appears with the copyright information on the reproduced verbatim (including voting back of the title page. If there is no stated instructions), with no additional materials other publication date, the copyright date will be used than the name of the person or publication instead. A dated periodical is considered to responsible for the reproduction. have been published on the cover date, regardless of when it was placed on sale or This ballot must be received by Friday 15 copyrighted. Serialized stories or dramatic March, 2019 11:59 PM PST. presentations are eligible in the year in which the last installment appears. "World Science Fiction Society", "WSFS", "World Science Fiction Convention", Nominations may be relocated to a diﬀerent "Worldcon", "NASFiC", "Hugo Award", the Hugo category by the Hugo administrator if they are Award Logo, and the distinctive design of the within 20% of the category boundary (such as in Hugo Award Trophy Rocket are service marks of the case of Novel/Novella, Novella/Novelette, the World Science Fiction Society, an Novelette/Short Story, and Dramatic unincorporated literary society. Presentation, Long Form/Dramatic Presentation, Short Form).

Extended Eligibility: In past years, a potential Hugo Award nominee with extremely limited distribution in the year of its ﬁrst publication or presentation has had its eligibility extended for an additional year by the WSFS Buisness Meeting. No such determination has been Nominating Ballot for the 2019 Hugo Awards, Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult Book and John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, and for the 1944 Retro Hugo Awards: Eligibility to Vote

Name ______

Address ______

City ______State/Province ______

ZIP/Postal Code ______Country ______

Email ______

Signature ______(Ballot is invalid without a signature and will not be counted.)

I am a member of Dublin 2019, who joined before 31 December 2018; my membership number (if known) is ______.

I was a member of Worldcon 76 in San Jose; my membership number (if known) was _____.

This ballot must be received by Friday 15 March, 2019, 11:59 PDT. Nominating Ballot for the 2019 Hugo Awards, Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult Book and John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer

NB: The categories of Best Novel, Novella, Novelette, and Short Story are open to works in which the text is the primary form of communication, regardless of the publication medium, including but not limited to physical print, audiobook, and ebook.

Best Novel: A science fiction or fantasy story of 40,000 words or more, published for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Publisher ______

Best Novella: A science fiction or fantasy story between 17,500 and 40,000 words, which appeared for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Best Novelette: A science fiction or fantasy story between 7,500 and 17,500 words, which appeared for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Title & Author ______Where Published ______Best Short Story: A science fiction or fantasy story of fewer than 7,500 words, which appeared for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Best Series: A multi-volume science fiction or fantasy story, unified by elements such as plot, characters, setting, and presentation, which has appeared in at least three (3) volumes consisting of a total of at least 240,000 words by the close of the calendar year 2018, at least one of which was published in 2018, and which has not previously won under §3.3.5 of the WSFS Constitution. Previous losing finalists in the Best Series category shall be eligible only upon the publication of at least two (2) additional installments consisting in total of at least 240,000 words after they qualified for their last appearance on the final ballot and by the close of 2018. If any series and a subset series thereof both receive sufficient nominations to appear on the final ballot, only the version which received more nominations shall appear.

Series Name & Author______2018 Example from Series______

Note regarding Best Series eligibility

The World of the Five Gods, by Lois McMaster Bujold, is a previous winner of the Hugo for Best Series under §3.3.5 of the WSFS Constitution, and is therefore not eligible in the Best Series category.

The following were losing finalists for the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2017, and therefore will not be eligible in 2019 unless they have published at least two (2) additional installments consisting in total of at least 240,000 words between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018:  The Craft Sequence, by Max Gladstone  The Expanse, by James S. A. Corey  The October Daye Books, by Seanan McGuire  The Peter Grant / Rivers of London series, by Ben Aaronovitch  The Temeraire series, by Naomi Novik

The following were losing finalists for the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018, and therefore will not be eligible in 2019 unless they have published at least two (2) additional installments consisting in total of at least 240,000 words between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018:  The Books of the Raksura, by Martha Wells  The Divine Cities, by Robert Jackson Bennett  InCryptid, by Seanan McGuire  The Memoirs of Lady Trent, by Marie Brennan  The Stormlight Archive, Brandon Sanderson Best Related Work: Any work related to the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom, appearing for the first time in 2018, or which has been substantially modified during 2018, and which is either non-fiction or, if fictional, is noteworthy primarily for aspects other than the fictional text, and which is not eligible in any other category.

Title & Author/Editor ______Publisher ______

Best Graphic Story: Any science fiction or fantasy story told in graphic form, appearing for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Publisher ______

Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form: Any theatrical feature or other production with a complete running time of more than 90 minutes, in any medium of dramatized science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that has been publicly presented for the first time in its present dramatic form during 2018.

Title ______Studio/Network______

Title ______Studio/Network______Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form: Any television program or other production with a complete running time of 90 minutes or less, in any medium of dramatized science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that has been publicly presented for the first time in its present dramatic form during 2018.

Title (& Series) ______Studio/Network______

Best Professional Editor, Short Form: The editor of at least four (4) anthologies, collections, or magazine issues (or their equivalent in other media) primarily devoted to science fiction and/or fantasy, at least one of which was published in 2018.

Editor ______

Best Professional Editor, Long Form The editor of at least four (4) novel-length works primarily devoted to science fiction and/or fantasy published in 2018, which do not qualify under Best Editor, Short Form.

Editor ______

Editor ______Best Professional Artist An illustrator whose work has appeared in a professional publication in the field of science fiction or fantasy during 2018. A professional publication is one that meets at least one (1) of the following criteria: 1. It provided at least a quarter of the income of any one person; or 2. It was owned or published by any entity which provided at least a quarter of the income of any of its staff and/or owner. If possible, please cite an example of the nominee’s work. (Failure to provide such references will not invalidate a nomination.)

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______

Best Semiprozine Any generally available non-professional periodical publication devoted to science fiction or fantasy or related subjects which by the close of 2018 had published at least four (4) issues (or the equivalent in other media), and at least one (1) of which appeared in 2018, which does not qualify as a fancast, and which in 2018 has met at least one (1) of the following criteria: 1. Paid its contributors or staff in other than copies of the publication. 2. Was generally available only for paid purchase.

Title______

Best Fanzine Any generally available non-professional periodical publication devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects which, by the close of 2018, had published at least four (4) issues (or the equivalent in other media), at least one (1) of which appeared in 2018, and which does not qualify as a semiprozine or a fancast, and which in 2018 met neither of the following criteria: 1. Paid its contributors or staff in other than copies of the publication. 2. Was generally available only for paid purchase. Title______

Title______

Title______Best Fancast Any generally available non-professional audio or video periodical devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that by the close of 2018 has released four (4) or more episodes, at least one (1) of which appeared in 2018, and that does not qualify as a dramatic presentation.

Title______

Best Fan Writer A person whose writing has appeared in fanzines or semiprozines, or in generally available electronic media in 2018.

Author ______Example ______

Best Fan Artist An artist or cartoonist whose work has appeared through publication in fanzines, semiprozines, or through any other public non-professional display (including at a convention or conventions) in 2018.

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______Best Art Book Any art book in the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom, appearing for the first time in 2018 or which has been substantially modified in 2018, and which is not eligible in Best Graphic Story.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult Book (not a Hugo) A book published for young adult readers in the field of science fiction or fantasy appearing for the first time in 2018.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

John W. Campbell Award for the best new science fiction writer, sponsored by Dell Magazines (not a Hugo) A new writer is one whose first work of science fiction or fantasy appeared in 2017 or 2018 in a professional publication. For Campbell Award purposes, a professional publication is one for which more than a nominal amount was paid, any publication that had an average press run of at least 10,000 copies, or any other criteria that the Award sponsors may designate.

Author ______Example ______

Author ______Example ______Nominating Ballot for the 1944 Retro Hugo Awards

Best Novel: A science fiction or fantasy story of 40,000 words or more, published for the first time in 1943.

Title & Author ______Publisher ______

Best Novella: A science fiction or fantasy story between 17,500 and 40,000 words, which appeared for the first time in 1943.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Best Novelette: A science fiction or fantasy story between 7,500 and 17,500 words, which appeared for the first time in 1943.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Title & Author ______Where Published ______Best Short Story: A science fiction or fantasy story of fewer than 7,500 words, which appeared for the first time in 1943.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Series Name & Author______1943 Example from Series______

Best Related Work: Any work related to the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom, appearing for the first time in 1943, or which was substantially modified during 1943, and which is either non- fiction or, if fictional, is noteworthy primarily for aspects other than the fictional text, and which is not eligible in any other category.

Title & Author/Editor ______Publisher ______

Title & Author/Editor ______Publisher ______Best Graphic Story: Any science fiction or fantasy story told in graphic form, appearing for the first time in 1943.

Title & Author ______Publisher ______

Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form: Any theatrical feature or other production with a complete running time of more than 90 minutes, in any medium of dramatized science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that was publicly presented for the first time in its then dramatic form during 1943.

Title ______Studio/Network______

Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form: Any television program or other production with a complete running time of 90 minutes or less, in any medium of dramatized science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that was publicly presented for the first time in its then dramatic form during 1943.

Title (& Series) ______Studio/Network______

Title (& Series) ______Studio/Network______Best Professional Editor, Short Form: The editor of at least four (4) anthologies, collections, or magazine issues (or their equivalent in other media) primarily devoted to science fiction and/or fantasy, at least one of which was published in 1943.

Editor ______

Best Professional Editor, Long Form The editor of at least four (4) novel-length works primarily devoted to science fiction and/or fantasy published in 1943, which do not qualify under Best Editor, Short Form.

Editor ______

Best Professional Artist An illustrator whose work has appeared in a professional publication in the field of science fiction or fantasy during 1943. A professional publication is one that meets at least one (1) of the following criteria: 1. It provided at least a quarter of the income of any one person; or 2. It was owned or published by any entity which provided at least a quarter of the income of any of its staff and/or owner. If possible, please cite an example of the nominee’s work. (Failure to provide such references will not invalidate a nomination.)

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______Best Semiprozine Any generally available non-professional periodical publication devoted to science fiction or fantasy or related subjects which by the close of 1943 had published at least four (4) issues (or the equivalent in other media), and at least one (1) of which appeared in 1943, which does not qualify as a fancast, and which in 1943 met at least one (1) of the following criteria: 1. Paid its contributors or staff in other than copies of the publication. 2. Was generally available only for paid purchase.

Title______

Best Fanzine Any generally available non-professional periodical publication devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects which, by the close of 1943, had published at least four (4) issues (or the equivalent in other media), at least one (1) of which appeared in 1943, and which does not qualify as a semiprozine or a fancast, and which in 1943 met neither of the following criteria: 1. Paid its contributors or staff in other than copies of the publication. 2. Was generally available only for paid purchase. Title______

Title______

Best Fancast Any generally available non-professional audio or video periodical devoted to science fiction, fantasy, or related subjects that by the close of 1943 had released four (4) or more episodes, at least one (1) of which appeared in 1943, and that does not qualify as a dramatic presentation.

Title______

Title______Best Fan Writer A person whose writing appeared in fanzines or semiprozines, or in generally available electronic media in 1943.

Author ______Example ______

Best Fan Artist An artist or cartoonist whose work appeared through publication in fanzines, semiprozines, or through any other public non-professional display (including at a convention or conventions) in 1943.

Artist/Illustrator ______Example ______

Best Art Book Any art book in the field of science fiction, fantasy, or fandom, appearing for the first time in 1943 or which was substantially modified in 1943, and which is not eligible in Best Graphic Story.

Title & Author ______Where Published ______

Title & Author ______Where Published ______WSFS Constitution

and Ben Jason as refined by Peter Weston. changes introduced by 5 and 6 for the following Each Worldcon Committee may select its year’s Hugo Award nominations (only). own choice of base design. The name (Hugo Award) and the design shall not be extended 3.8.2: The Worldcon Committee shall to any other award. determine the eligibility of nominees and Section 3.6: “No Award”. At the discretion assignment to the proper category of works of an individual Worldcon Committee, if the nominated in more than one category. lack of nominations or final votes in a specific 3.8.3: If any series and a subset series thereof category shows a marked lack of interest in both receive sufficient nominations to appear that category on the part of the voters, the on the final ballot, only the version which Award in that category shall be canceled for received more nominations shall appear. that year. Provided that unless this amendment is re- Section 3.7: Nominations. ratified by the 2021 Business Meeting, this 3.7.1: The Worldcon Committee shall conduct provision shall be repealed, and a poll to select the finalists for the Award Provided that the question of re-ratification shall voting. Each member of the administering automatically be placed on the agenda of the Worldcon or the immediately preceding 2021 Business Meeting, along with any other Worldcon as of the end of the previous constitutional amendments awaiting ratification. calendar year shall be allowed to make up to 3.8.4: Any nominations for “No Award” shall five (5) equally weighted nominations in every be disregarded. category. 3.8.5: If a nominee appears on a nomination Provided that members of the 2019 Worldcon ballot more than once in any one category, will retain their nominating rights in the 2018 only one nomination shall be counted in that Hugo Awards. category. 3.8.6: If there are more than two works in 3.7.2: The Committee shall include with the same category that are episodes of the each nomination ballot a copy of Article 3 of same dramatic presentation series or that are the WSFS Constitution and any applicable written works that have an author for single extensions of eligibility under Section 3.4. author works, or two or more authors for 3.7.3: Nominations shall be solicited only co-authored works, in common, only the two for the Hugo Awards, the John W. Campbell works in each category that have the most Award for Best New Writer, and the Lodestar nominations shall appear on the final ballot. Award for Best Young Adult Book. The Worldcon Committee shall make best Section 3.8: Tallying of Nominations. reasonable efforts to notify those who would 3.8.1: Except as provided below, the final have been finalists in the absence of this Award ballots shall list in each category the subsection to provide them an opportunity to six eligible nominees receiving the most withdraw. For the purpose of this exclusion, nominations as determined by the process works withdrawn shall be ignored. described in Section 3.9. 3.8.7: The Committee shall move a Provided that unless this amendment is re- nomination from another category to the ratified by the 2022 Business Meeting, the work’s default category only if the member changes to Section 3.8.1 shall be repealed, and has made fewer than five (5) nominations in Provided that the question of re-ratification the default category. shall be automatically be placed on the 3.8.8: If a work is eligible in more than one agenda of the 2022 Business Meeting with any category, and if the work receives sufficient constitutional amendments awaiting ratification; nominations to appear in more than one and category, the Worldcon Committee shall Provided further that any business meeting determine in which category the work shall prior to 2022 may move to suspend the appear, based on the category in which it WSFS Constitution Continued

receives the most nominations. all such nominees shall be selected for the 3.8.9: If a work receives a nomination in Elimination Phase. its default category, and if the Committee (2) During the Selection Phase, if one relocates the work under its authority nominee has the lowest point total and two or under subsection 3.2.8 or 3.2.10, the more nominees are tied for the second-lowest Committee shall count the nomination point total, then all such nominees shall be even if the member already has made five selected for the Elimination Phase. (5) nominations in the more-appropriate (3) During the Elimination Phase, if two category. or more nominees are tied for the fewest Section 3.9: Finalist Selection Process number of nominations, the nominee with 3.9.1: For each category, the finalist selection the lowest point total at that round shall be process shall be conducted as elimination eliminated. rounds consisting of three phases: (4) During the Elimination Phase, if two or (1) Calculation Phase: First, the total number more nominees are tied for both fewest of nominations (the number of ballots on number of nominations and lowest point total, which each nominee appears) from all eligible then all such nominees tied at that round shall ballots shall be tallied for each remaining be eliminated. nominee. Next, a single “point” shall be 3.9.4: After the initial Award ballot is assigned to each nomination ballot. That generated, if any finalist(s) are removed for point shall be divided equally among all any reason, they will be replaced by other remaining nominees on that ballot. Finally, works in reverse order of elimination. all points from all nomination ballots shall be Provided that unless this amendment is re- totaled for each nominee in that category. ratified by the 2022 Business Meeting, Section These two numbers, point total and number 3.9 shall be repealed, and of nominations, shall be used in the Selection Provided that the question of re-ratification and Elimination Phases. shall be automatically be placed on the (2) Selection Phase: The two nominees with agenda of the 2022 Business Meeting with any the lowest point totals shall be selected for constitutional amendments awaiting ratification; comparison in the Elimination Phase. (See and. 3.9.3 for ties.) Provided further that any Business Meeting (3) Elimination Phase: Nominees chosen prior to 2022 may move to suspend the in the Selection Phase shall be compared, changes introduced by E Pluribus Hugo for the and the nominee with the fewest number of following year’s Hugo Award nominations (only). nominations shall be eliminated and removed from all ballots for the Calculation Phase of all Section 3.10: Notification and Acceptance. subsequent rounds. (See 3.9.3 for ties.) 3.10.1 Worldcon Committees shall use 3.9.2: The phases described in 3.9.1 are reasonable efforts to notify the finalists, or repeated in order for each category until the in the case of deceased or incapacitated number of finalists specified in 3.8.1 remain. persons, their heirs, assigns, or legal If elimination would reduce the number of guardians, in each category prior to the finalists to fewer than the number specified release of such information. Each person in section 3.8.1, then instead no nominees notified shall be asked at that time to either will be eliminated during that round, and all accept or decline the nomination. If the remaining nominees shall appear on the final person notified declines nomination, that ballot, extending it if necessary. finalist(s) shall not appear on the final ballot. 3.9.3: Ties shall be handled as described The procedure for replacement of such below: finalist(s) is described in subsection 3.9.4. (1) During the Selection Phase, if two or more 3.10.2 In the Best Professional Artist nominees are tied for the lowest point total, category, the acceptance should include citations of at least three (3) works first than ten) shall also be published. published in the eligible year. Section 3.13: Exclusions. 3.10.3 Each finalist in the categories of No member of the current Worldcon Best Fanzine and Best Semiprozine shall be Committee or any publications closely required to provide information confirming connected with a member of the Committee that they meet the qualifications of their shall be eligible for an Award. However, category. should the Committee delegate all authority Section 3.11: Voting. under this Article to a Subcommittee whose 3.11.1: Final Award voting shall be by decisions are irrevocable by the Worldcon balloting in advance of the Worldcon. Postal Committee, then this exclusion shall apply to mail shall always be acceptable. Only WSFS members of the Subcommittee only. members may vote. Final Award ballots Section 3.14: Retrospective Hugo Awards. shall include name, signature, address, and 3.14.1: A Worldcon held in a year that is membership-number spaces to be filled in by an exact multiple of 25 years after a year the voter. in which no Hugo Awards were awarded 3.11.2: Final Award ballots shall list only the may conduct nominations and elections Hugo Awards, the John W. Campbell Award for retrospective year Hugo Awards for that for Best New Writer, and the Lodestar Award year with procedures as for the current Hugo for Best Young Adult Book. Awards, provided that year was 1939 or later 3.11.3: “No Award” shall be listed in each and that no previous Worldcon has awarded category of Hugo Award on the final ballot. retrospective year Hugo Awards for that year. 3.11.4: The Committee shall, on or with the 3.14.2: In any listing of Hugo Award winners final ballot, designate, for each finalist in the published by a Worldcon committee or printed fiction categories, one or more books, WSFS, retrospective Hugo Awards shall be anthologies, or magazines in which the finalist distinguished and annotated with the year in appeared (including the book publisher or which such retrospective Hugo Awards were magazine issue date(s)). voted. 3.11.5: Voters shall indicate the order of their Article 4 – Future Worldcon Selection preference for the finalists in each category. Section 4.1: Voting. Section 3.12: Tallying of Votes. 4.1.1: WSFS shall choose the location and 3.12.1: In each category, tallying shall be as Committee of the Worldcon to be held two (2) described in Section 6.4. “No Award” shall be years from the date of the current Worldcon. treated as a finalist. If all remaining finalists 4.1.2: Voting shall be by written ballot cast are tied, no tie-breaking shall be done and either by mail or at the current Worldcon with the finalists excluding “No Award” shall be tallying as described in Section 6.4. declared joint winners. 4.1.3: The current Worldcon Committee shall 3.12.2: “No Award” shall be given whenever administer the voting, collect the advance the total number of valid ballots cast for a membership fees, and turn over those funds specific category (excluding those cast for to the winning Committee before the end of “No Award” in first place) is less than twenty- the current Worldcon. five percent (25%) of the total number of final 4.1.4: The site-selection voting totals shall Award ballots received. be announced at the Business Meeting and 3.12.3: “No Award” shall be the run-off published in the first or second Progress candidate for the purposes of Section 6.5. Report of the winning Committee, with 3.12.4: The complete numerical vote totals, the by-mail and at-convention votes including all preliminary tallies for first, distinguished. second, . . . places, shall be made public by Section 4.2: Voter Eligibility. the Worldcon Committee within ninety (90) 4.2.1: Voting shall be limited to WSFS days after the Worldcon. During the same members who have purchased at least a period, the results of the last ten rounds supporting membership in the Worldcon of the finalist selection process for each whose site is being selected. category (or all the rounds if there are fewer 4.2.2: The supporting membership rate WSFS Constitution

shall be set by unanimous agreement of the choice for “No Preference” shall be ignored current Worldcon Committee and all bidding if all higher choices on the ballot have been committees who have filed before the ballot eliminated in preferential tallying. deadline. If agreement is not reached, the 4.5.3: “None of the Above” shall be treated default fee shall be the median (middle value) as a bid for tallying, and shall be the run-off of the US dollar fees used in the previous candidate for the purposes of Section 6.5. three (3) Worldcon site selections. 4.5.4: All ballots shall be initially tallied by Section 4.3: Non-Natural Persons. their first preferences, even if cast for a bid Corporations, associations, and other non- that the administering Committee has ruled human or artificial entities may cast ballots, ineligible. If no eligible bid achieves a majority but only for “No Preference”. “Guest of” on the first round of tallying, then on the memberships may only cast “No Preference” second round all ballots for ineligible bids ballots. Memberships transferred to individual shall be redistributed to their first eligible natural persons may cast preferential ballots, choices, and tallying shall proceed according provided that the transfer is accepted by the to Section 6.4. administering convention. 4.5.5: If “None of the Above” wins, or if two Section 4.4: Ballots. or more bids are tied for first place at the 4.4.1: Site-selection ballots shall include end of tallying, the duty of site selection name, signature, address, and membership- shall devolve on the Business Meeting of the number spaces to be filled in by the voter. current Worldcon. If the Business Meeting is Each site-selection ballot shall list the options unable to decide by the end of the Worldcon, “None of the Above” and “No Preference” the Committee for the following Worldcon and provide for write-in votes, after the shall make the selection without undue delay. bidders and with equal prominence. The 4.5.6: Where a site and Committee are supporting membership rate shall be listed on chosen by a Business Meeting or Worldcon all site-selection ballots. Committee following a win by “None of the 4.4.2: Worldcons may, with the agreement Above,” they are not restricted by exclusion of all active bids, choose to offer any zone or other qualifications. electronic signature means legal in the seated 4.5.7: Where a site and Committee are Worldcon’s home jurisdiction. chosen by a Business Meeting or Worldcon 4.4.3: Worldcons must offer the option Committee following a tie in tallying, they to receive a paper site selection ballot must select one of the tied bids. regardless of that member’s selection for Section 4.6: Bid Eligibility. other publications. Should they choose to 4.6.1: To be eligible for site selection, a include other material (such as an addressed bidding committee must file the following envelope and stamp or International Reply documents with the Committee that will Coupon), they may charge a reasonable fee administer the voting: for such materials. (1) an announcement of intent to bid; Section 4.5: Tallying. (2) adequate evidence of an agreement 4.5.1: The name and address information with its proposed site’s facilities, such as a shall be separated from the ballots and the conditional contract or a letter of agreement; ballots counted only at the Worldcon. Each (3) the rules under which the Worldcon bidding committee should provide at least Committee will operate, including a two (2) tellers. Each bidding committee may specification of the term of office of their make a record of the name and address of chief executive officer or officers and the every voter. conditions and procedures for the selection 4.5.2: A ballot voted with first or only choice and replacement of such officer or officers. for “No Preference” shall be ignored for site 4.6.2: The bidding committee must supply selection. A ballot voted with lower than first written copies of these documents to any member of WSFS on request. North America is defined as: Canada, the 4.6.3: For a bid to be allowed on the printed United States of America (including Hawaii, ballot, the bidding committee must file the Alaska, and the District of Columbia), Mexico, documents specified above no later than Central America, the islands of the Caribbean, 180 days prior to the official opening of the St. Pierre et Miquelon, Bermuda, and the administering convention. Bahamas. 4.6.4: To be eligible as a write-in, the bidding Article 5 – Powers of the Business Meeting committee must file the documents specified Section 5.1: WSFS Business Meetings. above by the close of the voting. 5.1.1: Business Meetings of WSFS shall be 4.6.5: If no bids meet these qualifications, the held at advertised times at each Worldcon. selection shall proceed as though “None of 5.1.2: The current Worldcon Committee shall the Above” had won. provide the Presiding Officer and Staff for Section 4.7: Site Eligibility. each Meeting. A site shall be ineligible if it is within five 5.1.3: Standing Rules for the Governance of hundred (500) miles or eight hundred (800) the Business Meeting and related activities kilometres of the site at which selection may be adopted or amended by a majority occurs. vote at any Business Meeting. Amendments Section 4.8: NASFiC. to Standing Rules shall take effect at the If the selected Worldcon site is not in North close of the Worldcon where they are America, there shall be a NASFiC in North adopted; this rule may be suspended by a America that year. Selection of the NASFiC two-thirds (2/3) vote. shall be by the identical procedure to the 5.1.4: Meetings shall be conducted in Worldcon selection except as provided below accordance with the provisions of (in or elsewhere in this Constitution: descending order of precedence) the WSFS 4.8.1: Voting shall be by written ballot Constitution; the Standing Rules; such other administered by the following year’s rules as may be published in advance by Worldcon, if there is no NASFiC in that year, the current Committee (which rules may be or by the following year’s NASFiC, if there is suspended by the Business Meeting by the one, with ballots cast at the administering same procedure as a Standing Rule); the convention or by mail, and with only members customs and usages of WSFS (including the of the administering convention allowed to resolutions and rulings of continuing effect); vote. and the current edition of Robert’s Rules of 4.8.2: NASFiC Committees shall make all Order, Newly Revised. reasonable efforts to avoid conflicts with 5.1.5: The quorum for the Business Meeting Worldcon dates. shall be twelve members of the Society 4.8.3: The proposed NASFiC supporting physically present. membership rate can be set by unanimous Section 5.2: Continuation of Committees. agreement of the administering Committee Except as otherwise provided in this and all bidding committees who have filed Constitution, any committee or other position before the ballot deadline. If agreement is created by a Business Meeting shall lapse not reached, the default fee shall be the at the end of the next following Business median (middle value) of the US dollar fees Meeting that does not vote to continue it. used in the previous three (3) Worldcon site Section 5.3: Constitutional Pass-along. selections. Within two (2) months after the end of each 4.8.4: If “None of the Above” wins, or if no Worldcon, the Business Meeting staff shall eligible bid files by the deadline, then no send a copy of all changes to the Constitution NASFiC shall be held and any supporting and Standing Rules, and all items awaiting membership payments collected for the ratification, to the next Worldcon Committee NASFiC site selection shall be refunded by Article 6 – Constitution the administering convention without undue Section 6.1: Conduct. delay. The conduct of the affairs of WSFS shall be 4.8.5: For the purposes of this Constitution, determined by this Constitution together WSFS Constitution

with all ratified amendments hereto and such run-off candidate to the tentative winner is Standing Rules as the Business Meeting shall greater than the number of ballots preferring adopt for its own governance. the tentative winner to the run-off candidate, Section 6.2: Natural Persons. then the run-off candidate shall be declared In all matters arising under this Constitution, the winner of the election. only natural persons may introduce business, Section 6.6: Amendment. nominate, or vote, except as specifically The WSFS Constitution may be amended by provided otherwise in this Constitution. No a motion passed by a simple majority at any person may cast more than one vote on any Business Meeting but only to the extent that issue or more than one ballot in any election. such motion is ratified by a simple majority This shall not be interpreted to prohibit at the Business Meeting of the subsequent delivery of ballots cast by other eligible Worldcon. voters. Section 6.7: Commencement. Section 6.3: Electronic Voting. Any change to the Constitution of WSFS Nothing in this Constitution shall be shall take effect at the end of the Worldcon at interpreted to prohibit conducting Hugo which such change is ratified, except that no Awards nominating and voting and Site change imposing additional costs or financial Selection voting by electronic means, except obligations upon Worldcon Committees shall that conducting Site Selection by electronic be binding upon any Committee already means shall require the unanimous agreement selected at the time when it takes effect. of the current Worldcon committee and all ***** bidding committees who have filed before the The above copy of the World Science Fiction ballot deadline. Valid paper ballots delivered Society’s Constitution is hereby Certified to be by any means shall always be acceptable. True, Correct, and Complete: This section shall not be interpreted to Tim Illingworth, Presiding Officer require that such elections be conducted Linda Deneroff, Secretary electronically, nor shall it be interpreted to 2018 WSFS Business Meeting allow remote participation or proxy voting at the Business Meeting. Section 6.4: Tallying of Votes. Votes shall first be tallied by the voter’s first choices. If no majority is then obtained, the candidate who places last in the initial tallying shall be eliminated and the ballots listing it as first choice shall be redistributed on the basis of those ballots’ second choices. This process shall be repeated until a majority- vote winner is obtained. If two or more candidates are tied for elimination during this process, the candidate that received fewer first-place votes shall be eliminated. If they are still tied, all the tied candidates shall be eliminated together. Section 6.5: Run-off. After a tentative winner is determined, then unless the run-off candidate shall be the sole winner, the following additional test shall be made. If the number of ballots preferring the