Making Industrial Policy Work for Growth, Jobs and Development
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EU-LAC COOPERATION in the 21St CENTURY: COMBINING EFFORTS in a GLOBALISED WORLD IFAIR Impact Group ‘Lacalytics’ Policy Paper Series, Vol.1
EU-LAC COOPERATION IN THE 21st CENTURY: COMBINING EFFORTS IN A GLOBALISED WORLD IFAIR Impact Group ‘LACalytics’ Policy Paper Series, vol.1 The caribbean EUROPE LATIN AMERICA EDITORS : T. Lieb, L. Fried, J. Klein, J. Klever, F. Scheifele ENGLISH IN COOPERATION WITH: IFAIR Impact Group ‘LACalytics’ Policy Paper Series, vol.1 EU-LAC COOPERATION IN THE 21st CENTURY: COMBINING EFFORTS IN A GLOBALISED WORLD Editors T. Lieb, L. Fried, J. Klein, J. Klever, F. Scheifele ENGLISH Berlin, 2016 Published by Young Initiative on Foreign Affairs and International Relations (IFAIR) e.V. District Court Berlin Charlottenburg | Register of Associations: VR 30447 B | www.ifair.eu Authors Sheena Ali, Christian Alvarez, Stefanie Beßler, Morna Cannon, Collin Constantine, Renato Constantino, Maria Cuellar, Emilie D’Amico, Danielle Edwards, Marina Diefenbach Goulart, Lilla Hajdu, Manuel Jung, Lily Cornelia van der Loeff, Agnes Medinacelli, Katharina Moers, Juliana de Moraes Pinheiro, Alice Pease, Johanna Renz, Bérengère Sim, Juliana Tappe, Juana Karelia Tercero Ubau, Ana Martha Trueba de Buen, Maria Cristina Vargas, Claudia Wiese Text Revision Leo Fried, Johannes Klein, Joanna Klever, Theresa Lieb, Fabian Scheifele, EU-LAC Foundation Graphic Design Ana-Maria Ghinita | behance.net/anamariaghinita Print Scharlau GmbH | Hühnerposten 14 , 20097 Hamburg Special Acknowledgements IFAIR expresses its gratitude to the EU-LAC Foundation for funding this publication and supporting the technical revision process of its contents. IFAIR also thanks the Federal Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany for assuming the patronage of LACalytics. Disclaimer The opinions expressed by the authors are a representation of their personal views and should not in any way be ascribed to their organisations of affiliation or to the publishers of this publication. -
The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD
The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, an understanding of the social and political context is crucial. The Institute attempts to provide governments, development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries. Current research programmes include: Civil Society and Social Movements; Democracy, Governance and Human Rights; Identities, Conflict and Cohesion; Social Policy and Development; and Technology, Business and Society. A list of the Institute’s free and priced publications can be obtained by contacting the Reference Centre. UNRISD, Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Tel: (41 22) 9173020 Fax: (41 22) 9170650 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unrisd.org Copyright © United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. This is not a formal UNRISD publication. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed studies rests solely with their author(s), and availability on the UNRISD Web site (http://www.unrisd.org) does not constitute an endorsement by UNRISD of the opinions expressed in them. 1 Enclavity and Constrained Labour Absorptive Capacity in Southern African Economies* Guy C Z MHONE Draft paper prepared for the discussion at the UNRISD meeting on “The Need to Rethink Development Economics”, 7-8 September 2001, Cape Town, South Africa. -
The Role of Complex Analysis in Modeling Economic Growth
The role of complex analysis in modeling economic growth Angelica Sbardella1;2, Emanuele Pugliese3, Andrea Zaccaria2, and Pasquale Scaramozzino1;4*1 1 Department of Economics and Finance, Universit`adegli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy 2 ISC-CNR { Institute of Complex Systems, Rome, Italy 3 JRC, European Commission, Seville, Spain 4 School of Finance and Management, SOAS University of London, London, UK, *[email protected] ABSTRACT Development and growth are complex and tumultuous processes. Modern economic growth theories identify some key determinants of economic growth. However, the relative importance of the deter- minants remains unknown, and additional variables may help clarify the directions and dimensions of the interactions. The novel stream of literature on economic complexity goes beyond aggregate measures of productive inputs, and considers instead a more granular and structural view of the pro- ductive possibilities of countries, i.e. their capabilities. Different endowments of capabilities are crucial ingredients in explaining differences in economic performances. In this paper we employ economic fit- ness, a measure of productive capabilities obtained through complex network techniques. Focusing on the combined roles of fitness and some more traditional drivers of growth, we build a bridge between economic growth theories and the economic complexity literature. Our findings, in agreement with other recent empirical studies, show that fitness plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth and, when it is included in the analysis, can be either complementary to traditional drivers of growth or can completely overshadow them. Keywords: Economic Fitness; Complexity; Capabilities; Economic Growth. 1. INTRODUCTION Why are some countries wealthier than others? And why do some countries exhibit sustained rates of growth over long periods, whereas others appear to be stuck in a low-income, low-growth path? These questions have been central to economics ever since its origin as a science, following Adam Smiths [1] original enquiry. -
The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers
Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee Volume 9 Issue 1 Article 7 July 2019 The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers Jenna Demeter The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, Economic History Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Income Distribution Commons, Industrial Organization Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, International and Comparative Labor Relations Commons, International Economics Commons, International Relations Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Labor Economics Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Macroeconomics Commons, Political Economy Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Economics Commons, Regional Economics Commons, Rural Sociology Commons, Unions Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Demeter, Jenna (2019) "The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers," Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee: Vol. 9 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit/vol9/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by -
A Biographical Note in Honour of Sanjaya Lall Larry Westphal
14 Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 36, Nos. 1/2/3, 2006 A biographical note in honour of Sanjaya Lall Larry Westphal J. Archer and Helen C. Turner Professor of Economics Department of Economics Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA Department of Economics Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue Swarthmore, PA 19081–1390, USA E-mail: [email protected] Sanjaya Lall was Professor of Development Economics at Oxford University and a global authority on industrial development. He died unexpectedly in Oxford on 18 June 2005. Over a career that spanned more than 350 major publications, with others in process at the time of his death, Sanjaya contributed fundamentally to understanding the dynamics of the manufacturing sector’s growth in developing countries. Multinational corporations and direct foreign investment were the initial foci of his attention. His first major work, with Paul Streeten, was Foreign Investment, Transnationals, and Developing Countries (Lall and Streeten, 1977), which conclusively demonstrated that multinationals and direct foreign investment were a strongly positive force in economic development, contrary to the tenets of dependency theory, then a major influence in the development field. Shortly thereafter, Sanjaya turned his main attention to the multiple ways in which technological capabilities are developed and deployed in accomplishing technological changes. Few at that time recognised the critical importance of capability building. It was then thought by most that the assimilation of technology could be taken for granted. In Learning to Industrialize: The Acquisition of Technological Capability by India (Lall, 1987), he conclusively demonstrated otherwise. His research on India proved to have a significant impact on Sanjaya’s comprehension of industrialisation, from which he drew a profound understanding of the consequences of policy choices, factor accumulation and institutional development. -
Econ 8747: Industrial Organization Theory Fall 2018
Econ 8747: Industrial Organization Theory Fall 2018 Professor Yongmin Chen Office: Econ 112 Class Time/Location: 9:30-10:45 AM. TTH; ECON 5 Office Hours: 3:30-5:00pm, TTH; 10:00-11:30am, Wednesday Course Description: Industrial organization studies the behavior of firms and markets under imperfect competition. The course will cover selected topics in industrial organization theory. Recommended textbooks include: (1) The Theory of Industrial Organization by Jean Tirole, MIT Press, and (2) Industrial Organization: Contemporary Theory and Practice by Pepall, Richards, and Norman. A good source for references is the Handbook of Industrial Organization, Vol. 1, 2, and 3. HIO3 (2007, Mark Armstrong and Robert Porter edits) surveys the major developments in IO since Tirole. Grading: Grades are based on homework and class participation (30%), presentation (30%), and a term paper (40%). You are encouraged to form study groups to discuss homework and lecture materials. Requirements for the term paper will be discussed later. The course materials are arranged by topics (the topics are listed below), and each topic is usually covered in several classes. Tirole remains the classic graduate IO textbook, and you are encouraged to read the entire book and work out the exercise problems there (even though we only cover a few parts of the book in the course). You will also be asked to write short reviews/discussions (each review/discussion is 2-3 pages long, double spaced). A tentative course schedule is attached. There can be changes to this schedule during the semester, which will be announced in class. You are responsible for updating course information according to announcements made in class. -
Product Differentiation
Product differentiation Industrial Organization Bernard Caillaud Master APE - Paris School of Economics September 22, 2016 Bernard Caillaud Product differentiation Motivation The Bertrand paradox relies on the fact buyers choose the cheap- est firm, even for very small price differences. In practice, some buyers may continue to buy from the most expensive firms because they have an intrinsic preference for the product sold by that firm: Notion of differentiation. Indeed, assuming an homogeneous product is not realistic: rarely exist two identical goods in this sense For objective reasons: products differ in their physical char- acteristics, in their design, ... For subjective reasons: even when physical differences are hard to see for consumers, branding may well make two prod- ucts appear differently in the consumers' eyes Bernard Caillaud Product differentiation Motivation Differentiation among products is above all a property of con- sumers' preferences: Taste for diversity Heterogeneity of consumers' taste But it has major consequences in terms of imperfectly competi- tive behavior: so, the analysis of differentiation allows for a richer discussion and comparison of price competition models vs quan- tity competition models. Also related to the practical question (for competition authori- ties) of market definition: set of goods highly substitutable among themselves and poorly substitutable with goods outside this set Bernard Caillaud Product differentiation Motivation Firms have in general an incentive to affect the degree of differ- entiation of their products compared to rivals'. Hence, differen- tiation is related to other aspects of firms’ strategies. Choice of products: firms choose how to differentiate from rivals, this impacts the type of products that they choose to offer and the diversity of products that consumers face. -
History in the Study of Industrial Organization
History in the Study of Industrial Organization David Genesove Hebrew University of Jerusalem and C.E.P.R. May 13 2016 Preliminary Draft *I am grateful for comments by discussants Konrad Stahl, Chaim Fershtman, John Sutton and Bob Feinberg, and others in presentations at the 2012 Nordic IO Conference, the IDC, Herzlya, the MAACI Summer Institute on Competition Policy, Israel IO Day and the 2015 EARIE Conference. I. Introduction In studying Industrial Organization, economists have at times turned to the past to illustrate and test its theories. This includes some of the seminal papers of the new empiricism (e.g., Porter, 1983). This readiness to cull from the historical record has neither been examined critically, nor accompanied by much of an attempt to follow the industrial organization of markets over time. This paper asks how history can help us understand markets, by posing the following dual questions: (a) what are the advantages and disadvantages of using old markets to illuminate our understanding of current ones, and (b) is a historical approach to the study of Industrial Organization possible and worth pursuing? We are talking about history in two different ways: as the past, and as an analytical approach. History as the past means using old markets in empirical work in the same way one uses contemporary markets, whether that is inductively learning about markets in the “theory-development role of applied econometrics” (Morgan, cited by Snooks, 1993), estimating parameters of interest, or “using historical episodes to test economic models for their generality” (Kindleberger, 1990, p. 3). History as an analytic approach means describing a sequence of events as a logical progression informed by economic theory but unencumbered by it, with room for personalities and errors, and perhaps emphasis on certain events with overwhelming importance. -
Oligopolistic Competition
Lecture 3: Oligopolistic competition EC 105. Industrial Organization Mattt Shum HSS, California Institute of Technology EC 105. Industrial Organization (Mattt Shum HSS,Lecture California 3: Oligopolistic Institute of competition Technology) 1 / 38 Oligopoly Models Oligopoly: interaction among small number of firms Conflict of interest: Each firm maximizes its own profits, but... Firm j's actions affect firm i's profits PC: firms are small, so no single firm’s actions affect other firms’ profits Monopoly: only one firm EC 105. Industrial Organization (Mattt Shum HSS,Lecture California 3: Oligopolistic Institute of competition Technology) 2 / 38 Oligopoly Models Oligopoly: interaction among small number of firms Conflict of interest: Each firm maximizes its own profits, but... Firm j's actions affect firm i's profits PC: firms are small, so no single firm’s actions affect other firms’ profits Monopoly: only one firm EC 105. Industrial Organization (Mattt Shum HSS,Lecture California 3: Oligopolistic Institute of competition Technology) 2 / 38 Oligopoly Models Oligopoly: interaction among small number of firms Conflict of interest: Each firm maximizes its own profits, but... Firm j's actions affect firm i's profits PC: firms are small, so no single firm’s actions affect other firms’ profits Monopoly: only one firm EC 105. Industrial Organization (Mattt Shum HSS,Lecture California 3: Oligopolistic Institute of competition Technology) 2 / 38 Oligopoly Models Oligopoly: interaction among small number of firms Conflict of interest: Each firm maximizes its own profits, but... Firm j's actions affect firm i's profits PC: firms are small, so no single firm’s actions affect other firms’ profits Monopoly: only one firm EC 105. -
Schumpeterian Political Economy
ISSN 1680-8754 PRODUCTION SERIES DEVELOPMENT Micro-macro interactions, growth and income distribution revisited Mario Cimoli Gabriel Porcile ECLAC - Production Development Series No. 212 Micro-macro interactions, growth and income... CEPAL 212 - Serie Xxxxx N° xxx N° Xxxxx Serie Título documento... documento... Título Micro-macro interactions, growth and income distribution revisited (Dejar 2 cm de separación mínima con nombre de serie a izquierda) la serie de nombre con mínima separación de cm 2 (Dejar Mario Cimoli Gabriel Porcile 1 ECLAC - Production Development Series No. 212 Micro-macro interactions, growth and income... CEPAL - Se rie Xxxxx N° xxx N° Xxxxx rie Título documento... documento... Título This document has been prepared by Mario Cimoli, Chief of the Division of Production, Productivity and a izquierda) la serie de nombre con mínima separación de cm 2 (Dejar Management of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and Gabriel Porcile, Economic Affairs Officer from the same Division. We are very grateful to Danilo Spinola, Antonio Soares Neto, Tomas Saieg, Nunzia Saporito, Felipe Correa, Luis Cáceres, Martin Fernandez and Reto Bertoni, who made useful comments on previous versions of the paper. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations publication ISSN: 1680-8754 (Electronic version) ISSN: 1020-5179 (Print version) LC/TS.2017/55 Distribution: Limited Copyright © United Nations, June 2017. All rights reserved. Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.17-00522 Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. -
Asia Pacific's Time, 2020
Asia Pacific's Time We must act now November 2020 www.pwc.com/asiapacific Contents Executive Summary 5 Time to act Chapter one 11 Shifting paradigms in Asia Pacific Chapter two 18 Growth pillars for success Pillar one Advancing the digital economy 21 Pillar two Enabling regional enterprise growth 32 Pillar three Rebalancing supply chains and fostering innovation 40 Pillar four Expanding and future-proofing the labour force 49 Pillar five Building climate change resilience towards a net-zero future 60 Chapter three 70 New ways of building a collective future Asia Pacific's Time | 2 Foreword Note from PwC Asia Pacific Chairman and Senior Partners Asia Pacific is at an important juncture in its journey. The fundamentals Raymund Chao that underpinned the region’s dramatic growth and prosperity over the PwC Asia Pacific Chairman past three decades are not sufficient to carry us through this era of Chairman, PwC China continuous disruption. Governments, businesses and society all need to Tom Seymour take a more proactive approach to secure the region’s future and fulfil its Chief Executive Officer, PwC Australia potential towards greater and more inclusive development and prosperity. Eddy Rintis Territory Senior Partner, PwC Indonesia We have heard from business leaders across the region, the severity of the challenges they now face, and the importance of reshaping the Koichiro Kimura direction of their organisations. However, many have feelings of caution Group Chairman, PwC Japan and apprehension in making decisions in this time of uncertainty. As we all Soo Hoo Khoon Yean look beyond COVID-19, PwC aspires to alleviate some of this anxiety and Territory Senior Partner, PwC Malaysia/Vietnam ambiguity, and ultimately help our clients build trust and confidence with Mark Averill their stakeholders. -
World Bank Document
TRADE, INVESTMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized TRADE, INVESTMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS EQUITABLE GROWTH, FINANCE & INSTITUTIONS INSIGHT Public Disclosure Authorized Th Eff cts of Comptition on Jobs nd Economic Trnsformtion Public Disclosure Authorized Seidu Dauda This note was prepared by Seidu Dauda (Economist). The author is grateful to Jose Signoret (Senior Economist), Mariana Iooty (Senior Economist), and Yue Li (Senior Economist) for valuable comments and insights and to Georgiana Pop (Competition Policy Global Lead) and Christine Qiang (Practice Manager) for overall advice. ABSTRACT Fostering sustainable productivity growth to achieve economic transformation that creates better earning opportunities for more people—the jobs and economic transformation (JET) agenda—is a key priority for the World Bank Group and its client countries. Several types of policies are critical to achieving JET, including competition- enhancing policies. This paper reviews the literature to document the channels through which competition impact key dimensions of productivity and jobs, the main outcomes measured under the JET agenda. The evidence suggests that competition foster productivity gains and job creation. Competition induces firms to be more productive and innovative, fosters a better allocation of resources across economic activities, and forces less-efficient firms to exit the market while inducing more-efficient firms to enter and gain more market share. Not only can competition directly create better and inclusive jobs for more people, but also, in the medium to long term, it can indirectly create more and better jobs when the cost savings from productivity gains are either passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices or invested by firms in business expansion activities that create higher demand for goods and services.