Whitianga Heritage Area Heritage Report

Whitianga Heritage Area

Location:

The Whitianga Heritage Area includes a portion of the town centre bounded by The Esplanade, Monk and Albert Streets, as well as Thomas Peacock’s 1882 subdivision of Victoria, Isabella, Owen, Campbell and Coghill Streets. The area incorporates the esplanade reserve south of the Whitianga Wharf.

Introduction:

Whitianga owes its colonial genesis to the timber industry. The catalyst for the European settlement of Mercury Bay from the 1830s was the timber export trade, which gave rise to timber camps at Ferry Landing and further inland on the Whitianga Harbour. It was not until the early 1880s, however, that the western flats across the harbour mouth from Ferry Landing were the scene of burgeoning settlement and economic activity. Known as both Whitianga and Mercury Bay, the new settlement was dominated by the Mercury Bay Timber Company’s mill (built 1882-83) and dependent on shipping for its connection to the outside world. The town of Whitianga initially developed to the south and west of the timber mill, which operated until 1922.

Thomas Peacock’s 1882 subdivision south of the timber mill, which he called ‘Campbell Town’, introduced a tidy colonial grid into an environment where the roads were predicated on the dimensions of the timber mill and the need to provide access to both Whitianga Harbour and Buffalo Beach. The Whitianga Heritage Area features a variety of building types, including a number of late 19th and early 20th century structures that embody the pioneering period of the town’s history. Commercial, residential, civic, governmental, and religious buildings are to be found in close proximity to one another.

The former Mercury Bay Dairy Factory and St Andrew’s Undenominational Church are significant heritage resources within the area, which is also notable for its open spaces, civic amenities, harbour setting, and the mixture of small-scale colonial and modern multi-unit residential development.

Fig. 1. Detail from the 1882 survey plan of Campbell Town prepared for Thomas Peacock. DP 95. Source: Land Information New Zealand.

1 Distinctive Physical Characteristics: a) The Esplanade, Albert, Victoria and Isabella Streets run roughly parallel to the harbour foreshore. Owen, Campbell, Coghill Streets, Blacksmith Lane and Monk Street run at right angles to the foreshore. b) Carina’s Creek runs perpendicular to Albert Street and The Esplanade, north of Blacksmith Lane. It is crossed by a footbridge and drains into Whitianga Harbour, via a pipe under the roadway and esplanade reserve. c) Near views of Ferry Landing and Whitianga Rock are available from The Esplanade, thanks to the narrowness of the Whitianga Harbour mouth. The Whitianga Marina is immediately adjacent to the heritage area in the vicinity of the Whitianga Hotel. d) The size and shape of both residential and non-residential properties varies throughout the area, arising from historic survey patterns and land ownership. e) Commercial premises and residential buildings may be either built to the street front boundary or set back from it to accommodate parking areas, or fencing and gardens. Both building types are typically one or two storeys in height. f) Building materials include timber, corrugated iron, concrete and brick. Generally buildings erected before c.1950 are of timber frame and weatherboard construction. g) Residential, civic, religious, financial, light industrial and commercial uses co-exist in close proximity to one another. h) Residential buildings within Campbell Town are typically stand-alone, single-family dwellings, ranging in style from Victorian cottages through to post-war bungalows. Higher density apartment buildings may be found in Victoria Street and The Esplanade. Notable non- residential buildings embody residual Classical and Gothic Revival architectural motifs. i) Soldiers’ Memorial Park and The Esplanade Reserve provide historic open-space amenities for residents and visitors. Palm trees, pohutukawa and stone retaining walls are key features within the public realm.

Fig. 2. Foreshore retaining wall south of the Whitianga Hotel, adjacent to 5 Victoria Street. Source: A McEwan, 21 July 2010.

2 Surroundings & Contribution to Context

The roading pattern within the area is derived from the standard colonial grid, with some accommodation made for the curvilinear foreshore and the size and scale of the former Mercury Bay Timber Company site. The proximity of the town centre to the harbour reflects the settlement’s early reliance on shipping for transport and communication, as well as its historic relationship with Ferry Landing.

Carina’s Creek [aka Carini’s] is a minor natural feature within the area, which appears to have had relatively little impact upon the development of the built environment. The bush-clad hills of Ferry Landing and Whitianga Rock, in addition to the harbour itself, are significant landscape features within the town centre, especially when seen from The Esplanade and as the terminating vista of Monk Street, Blacksmith Lane and Campbell Street.

The palms planted along The Esplanade and the pohutukawa in Sleeman’s Park are defining features of the Whitianga foreshore. Gardens belonging to the area’s residential properties are generally informal, bordered by hedges or low-level fencing.

The combination of asphalt or concrete footpaths with grass berms throughout the area signals the mixed-use commercial/residential character of the town centre.

Fig. 3. View south along the Whitianga foreshore with the Whitianga Hotel and passenger wharf in the distance. December 1950. Source: Whites Aviation Ltd, Alexander Turnbull Library, WA-26250-F.

3 History of Area:

An 1852 survey map of Mercury Bay indicates the location of Hukihuki pa and a neighbouring urupa (burial ground) on the site of modern-day Whitianga (Auckland City Libraries, NZ Map 881). By this date European extraction of the local kauri timber resource was well established at Ferry Landing, where Gordon Davis Browne had built a timber mill, with the aid of local Maori, in 1836.

Fig. 4. Plan of Mr Browne’s wharf, stores and settlement, Mercury Bay. Map also shows the wreck of HMS Buffalo and an encampment on the present-day site of Whitianga. Dated 28 July 1840 and signed by J Laslett. Copyright Trustees of the Royal Naval Museum (Portsmouth, England), Admiralty Library Manuscript, Portfolio A/26.

By the 1860s timber milling was becoming widespread throughout the district and by the early 1870s there were at least two hotels located on the town site, both serviced by and servicing a wharf. Hotelier Thomas Carina had a large land holding on which stood, at the time of his death in 1888, Carina’s Whitianga Hotel, two stores, a public hall, a house, cottage, engine house, stables, a blacksmith’s shop and harness room (Auckland Star 3 September 1888, p. 8). In November 1874 the Mercury Bay population was reported to be 500, including local Maori (Daily Southern Cross 3 November 1874 p. 2).

The most significant impetus for promoting the growth of Whitianga was the relocation of the Mercury Bay Timber Company’s mill from Ferry Landing in the early 1880s. The company’s new mill opened in the autumn of 1883 and it was to dominate the physical environs of Whitianga, as well as its economic and social life, until its closure in 1922. The mill occupied a large parcel of land bordered by what are now Albert Street, Monk Street and The Esplanade. In addition to the mill buildings, the timber company built a wharf and workers’ housing and, at the height of the bay’s timber boom, reputedly employed 70 men on each of the two daily shifts. In 1888 the Mercury Bay Timber Company was taken over by the Kauri Timber Company, who rebuilt the mill after it was destroyed by fire in February 1904.

Fig. 5. Detail of SO 3920, dated July 1885, showing Carina’s Whitianga Hotel and wharf. The two buildings shown in outline between the ‘I’ and ‘N’ of Carina are the music hall (top) and a store (bottom). Source: Land Information New Zealand.

Fig. 6. ‘The Kauri Timber Company’s Mill, Mercury Bay’ Auckland Weekly News 14 July 1899, p. 6. Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, AWNS-18990714-6-3.

5 Boat building and the district’s kauri gum industry also created employment and a demand for services in Whitianga, which was widely known as Mercury Bay until the 1930s. Increasing population on the town site led to the establishment of the Mercury Bay School in 1883. The school was built northwest of the new timber mill overlooking Buffalo Beach. In 1898 the Mercury Bay Hospital was also given a Buffalo Beach aspect, west of the school property. The school and hospital proved to be exceptions, however, to the general pattern of development in the 1880s and 1890s, which saw the consolidation of the town centre south of the mill.

Fig. 7. Whitianga Hotel seen here in the 1900s. Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A14241.

By 1880 Carina’s Whitianga Hotel was a well-established hub within the embryonic settlement. After Auckland optician and Mercury Bay Timber Company shareholder Thomas Peacock acquired a long rectangular parcel of land immediately adjacent to Carina’s holding this became the southern limit of the township until the 1950s. Peacock subdivided and sold off lots through the 1880s and 1890s, having laid out a neat block pattern framed by streets named after members of his family. While it was largely residential in character until the second half of the 20th century, Peacock’s Campbell Town also accommodated the Mercury Bay Police Station (c.1880), Courthouse and Post Office (c.1886), the Catholic (1898, replaced 1978-79) and Undenominational churches (1898), and a cluster of commercial premises along Albert Street.

Fig. 8. Portrait of Thomas Peacock reproduced in the Cyclopedia of New Zealand – Auckland Provincial District 1902. Source: www.nzetc.org

Fig. 9. Frean’s barbershop and house, corner of Albert and Coghill Streets, before 1913. Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A6460.

Land records and historic photographs show that as a mill town Whitianga did not attract settlers with the wealth and desire for architectural display that is evident in late 19th century Thames and Coromandel. The combined courthouse and post office in Campbell Street displayed some of the elements of colonial classicism, which was typical of 1880s government architecture. Generally, however, workers’ cottages and even the two churches were built for utility and economy. Combination commercial-residential buildings appear to have been common, as can be seen in the photograph of George Frean’s barbershop and house (Fig. 9). Commercial activity not directly associated with the timber mill became focussed upon the intersection of Albert and Coghill Streets and social gatherings could be held in one of several music halls in the settlement, including the Athenaeum Hall in Monk Street across the road from the mill site and Carina’s Music Hall near his hotel.

Fig. 10. A social at the Mercury Bay Hall, Whitianga, c.1900-09. Source: Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A6468.

7 Photographs taken in the early 20th century show Whitianga to be focused on the Whitianga Harbour foreshore with the greatest concentration of buildings in Campbell Town. The mill building the Kauri Timber Company erected after the fire of 1904 was considerably smaller than its predecessor and the advent of the Mercury Bay Co-operative Dairy Company in 1911 must have been welcomed by both the district’s farmers and local workers. The dairy company built its first factory, a timber weatherboard structure, in Albert Street near the intersection with Monk Street.

Fig. 11. ‘A Panoramic View of Whitianga’ Auckland Weekly News 8 June 1905 p. 8. Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, AWNS-19050608-8-1.

New Zealand’s kauri timber industry peaked in 1905 but the Mercury Bay mill survived until 1922. With the mill’s closure the large block of land it had occupied in Whitianga since 1883 became available for new uses and it was duly subdivided for housing in 1930. In January 1931 the Mercury Bay Dairy Co-op bought a large lot on The Esplanade within the former mill site. Here the company built a modern factory, which was in production by 1936. The second factory now houses the Mercury Bay District Museum, which acquired the building several years after the dairy factory closed in 1972.

Fig. 12. ‘New Mercury Bay Butter Factory in Operation’ Auckland Weekly News 10 February 1937 p. 48. Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, AWNS-19370210-48-5.

8 The 1920s not only saw Whitianga’s mill town era come to an end but also the beginning of the big game and commercial fishing for which it is still known. American writer Zane Grey helped to popularise Mercury Bay as a fisherman’s paradise between the world wars, as did the Mercury Bay Game Fishing Club (est. 1923). Commercial fishing at Whitianga also dates from the mid-1920s and today the town wharf (rebuilt in 1991), which was once used to load timber and dairy products, serves local fishers and is the western terminus of the Whitianga to Ferry Landing ferry service.

Fig. 13. ‘Portrait of Mr AD Campbell of Scotland with the first swordfish caught with rod and reel in New Zealand waters, at Whitianga’. Dated 1925. Source: Sir George grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, 7-A6532.

With the removal of the timber mill the amenity value of the Whitianga foreshore could be appreciated and enhanced. Local members of the Women’s Institute are credited with planting the Phoenix palms along the Esplanade in 1933. Palms enjoyed considerable popularity throughout New Zealand in the 1920s and 1930s as seaside street trees. A number of photographs taken on the Whitianga shoreline by Whites Aviation Ltd in 1950 show how the palms quickly became part of the town’s seaside resort image.

In addition to The Esplanade, Soldiers’ Memorial Park, which was vested with the local council in 1942, was developed over a number of years as an important civic space. A number of memorial objects are located in the park, first among them the World War I and II Memorial obelisk (c.1920). A cannon from the HMS Buffalo, presented by Captain Albert Duder, is associated with the 1840 sinking which gave Buffalo Beach its name. Most recently

9 an in-ground plaque commemorating the 75th anniversary of the end of World War I was installed in 1993. Where a bandstand or soundshell once stood ( c.1960?), the new Whitianga Library opened in 1989. The Women’s Rest on the edge of the park opened in August 1949 and is now used as the Whitianga iSite.

Fig. 14. Former Women’s Rest / Whitianga iSite. Source: Anne Challinor, July 2009.

Tourism has long been a key element of the local economy. In common with a number of other settlements on the Coromandel Peninsula’s eastern seaboard Whitianga became a popular place to build a holiday home after World War II. In 1965 the resident population was said to swell from 700 to 10,000 over the Christmas holiday. Fishing and pleasure boating still play their part in the local community and the Whitianga Scallop Festival held each spring is a major visitor attraction. As the largest population centre in Mercury Bay, Whitianga continues to operate as a service centre, just as it has since the late 19th century.

Historic Names

Whitianga is a contraction of the name Te Whitianga-a-Kupe, meaning the great crossing place of Kupe. Captain James Cook’s observation of the Transit of Mercury in 1769 gave the bay its European name. Mercury Bay is also known as Te Whanganui-o-Hei, in reference to Ngati Hei’s eponymous ancestor.

The Esplanade is a descriptive name commonly given to coastal roads of a long level nature along which people can promenade. Esplanade Road is noted on a 1930 survey map that shows the subdivision of the former timber mill site. Before the road was formed it was likely simply referred to as ‘the esplanade’, which then became its formal name.

Monk Street is named for Richard Monk (1833-1912), one-time manager of the Mercury Bay Timber Company (1881-87) and the Member of Parliament for Waitemata for a number of terms beginning in 1887. Monk arrived in New Zealand as a child, then spent time in California and Australia before returning to Auckland and going into business as a carpenter and timber miller. Monk and Morgan operated a mill in Upper Queen Street in the mid-1860s; thereafter Monk was manager of the Union Sash and Door Company until 1881, in which year he first stood unsuccessfully for Parliament. He was the Vice-President of the Mercury Bay Regatta in 1885 and in 1900 he wrote an ‘Ode to the Flag’ that was distributed to New Zealand schools by the Government Printing Office.

Fig. 15. Portrait of Richard Monk reproduced in the Cyclopedia of New Zealand – Auckland Provincial District 1902. Source: www.nzetc.org

Albert Street is likely named for Queen Victoria’s consort, Prince Albert (1819-61). Local historian Jenny Bithell records that it was earlier known as Coromandel Road and Back Road.

Blacksmith Lane was formed in 1954 (SO 37998). Its name derives from the area’s association with WR (Bill) Keane’s smithy. Keane (c.1875-1934) is said to have arrived in Whitianga in 1907 and moved his smith from Kenneth Avenue to a site across from the Whitianga Hotel in c.1911 (Bithell, p. 33). The Blacksmith Bar at the hotel also evokes this historic association.

Victoria Street, in common with many roads throughout the British Empire, was likely named in honour of Queen Victoria (reigned 1837-1901).

Fig. 16. DP 95 showing Campbell Town, surveyed for Thomas Peacock Esq. in 1882. Source: Land Information NZ.

11 Owen Street is said to have been named for one of Thomas Peacock’s sons. That cannot be confirmed at this time.

Campbell Street was likely named after Mary Campbell, who married Thomas Peacock in 1871. An 1882 survey map of Peacock’s subdivision gives its name as ‘Campbell Town’.

Coghill Street is said to have been named by Thomas Peacock after his hometown in Scotland. While there does not appear to be a place of that name in Scotland, and Thomas is recorded as having been born in Glasgow, Coghill is a Scottish family name. Thomas’ first wife was Jessie Coghill, who died in 1867 and was buried in the family grave in Symonds Street Cemetery, Auckland.

Isabella Street was likely named for Isabella Peacock, who may have been Thomas Peacock’s mother. His tombstone in Symonds Street Cemetery includes the inscription ‘In affectionate remembrance of Isabella Peacock who died 12th December 1869 aged 76 years’.

Mary Street is likely named for Thomas Peacock’s second wife Mary (c.1836-1879).

Sleeman’s Park is believed to be named after a local identity who tended the reserve as a community service.

The Significance of the Area:

The heritage significance of this area lies in its history of industrial, commercial, civic and residential development since the late 1860s and its cultural value as a place of commemoration and community. The area’s modest architectural value is largely derived from its late 19th and early 20th century buildings. The technological values of the building types in the area are generally typical of the period in which they were constructed. Significant archaeological values may be present given pre-1900 Maori occupation and the later development of Whitianga as a mill town. Potential scientific heritage values exist in the area of social history research.

Archaeological Significance:

As the core of a late-19th century colonial settlement, the Whitianga Heritage Area has potential archaeological significance relating to the township’s early growth and development. The roading and pattern of building development within the area results from the marriage of functional routes, connecting waterborne traffic with local industry and amenities, with standard colonial survey practices. Where modern buildings have replaced 19th century structures it is possible that archaeological material has survived from pre-1900.

There is one recorded archaeological site located within the area, a midden site at the rear of 8 The Esplanade (T11/313). The relevant NZAA Site Record Form notes that the archaeological resource would be destroyed with the erection of an apartment building on the property (c.2005), which was once a mill house site. T11/927 and T11/997 are located immediately to the south and north of the heritage area, respectively. Investigations of T11/313 and T11/927 have revealed evidence of both Maori and European occupation. The Site Record Form for T11/997 includes the following Brief Description: ‘Early prehistoric occupation site. The site has been partly investigated and the remaining extent of the site is unknown, but any surviving features are potentially of high significance.’

A range of archaeological finds may therefore be expected throughout the heritage area in view of the survival of 19th century structures and the mixed-use history of the area.

Note: The cultural heritage values of tangata whenua in relation to this part of Coromandel Peninsula are outside the scope of this report. The 1852 survey map previously referred to identifies the location of a pa (Hukihuki) and an urupa on the site of modern-day Whitianga.

12 Architectural Significance:

The area embodies architectural values typical of a colonial settlement, wherein buildings of all types have been designed principally for utility and economy, rather than architectural display. The two architecturally designed churches, the former Dairy Factory and the former Women’s Rest have more notable architectural values, as do the Bank of New Zealand and NZ Post buildings on Albert Street, which embody a 1970s neo-colonial aesthetic.

Fig. 17. Detail of former Mercury Bay Dairy Co-operative building. Source: A Challinor, July 2009.

Houses in the Whitianga Heritage Area span a range of styles from colonial cottages to post- war bungalows. A number of multi-unit apartments, particularly along Victoria Street, stand in contrast to the small-scale residential buildings in Owen, Campbell and Coghill Streets that contribute to the area’s historic character.

Cultural Significance:

The Whitianga War Memorial (c.1920), the canon from the HMS Buffalo, and the plaque marking the 75th anniversary of the end of World War I (1993) have cultural significance as memorial structures set within Soldiers’ Memorial Park. The Park is the setting for Mercury Bay’s ANZAC Day commemorations each year.

Buildings such as St Andrew’s Undenominational Church, the Whitianga Hotel, the former Mercury Bay Dairy Factory, and the Whitianga Town Hall (late 1940s), contribute to the township’s sense of identity. St Patrick’s Catholic Church (1979), the former Women’s Rest turned Information Centre (1949), and the Mercury Bay Library (1989) also have cultural significance as they embody community values and identity. The publications of local historians Jenny Bithell, Janet Riddle and others, as well as the ongoing work of the Mercury Bay Museum, is an indication of the historic significance ascribed to the town by members of the community.

Fig. 18. World War I & II Memorial, Soldiers’ Memorial Park. Source: A McEwan, 5 May 2009.

Historic Significance

The township of Whitianga has historic significance as a late-19th century colonial mill town, which became, in the 20th century, a centre for farming and fishing and a popular holiday destination. The Whitianga Heritage Area incorporates the Mercury Bay Timber Company mill site and Thomas Peacock’s Campbell Town subdivision, both of which date from the early 1880s. Up until the late 1940s most of Whitianga’s built environment, with the notable exception of the school and hospital, was confined within this area.

Fig. 19. Detail from January 1953 aerial view of Whitianga, showing Soldiers’ Memorial Park with the Women’s Rest, War Memorial and Whitianga Hotel. Whites Aviation Ltd, Alexander Turnbull Library, WA-31957-F.

The area’s association with Thomas Peacock and Richard Monk is also of some historic significance. Peacock was Mayor of Auckland (1878-80) and represented various Auckland constituencies as a Member of the House of Representatives from 1881 until 1890. His Campbell Town subdivision had a significant impact on the urban form of Whitianga and as

14 Chairman of the Mercury Bay Timber Company he contributed to the economic development of the district, albeit from a distance. Richard Monk also contributed to the Timber Company’s fortunes and, like Peacock, became involved in controversy when some commentators questioned both men’s commitment to the company in light of their political aspirations [see Auckland Star 14 July 1884 p. 3 & 1 August 1887 p. 2).

Scientific Significance

The area has potential scientific research value as it provides an opportunity to study the social history of a colonial timber town. Whitianga’s maritime and recreational history also offers research potential.

Technological Significance

The area’s technological significance is generally modest, given the typical rather than exceptional nature of the buildings within the area. The former Mercury Bay Dairy Company building may have some significance pertaining to 1930s dairy processing technology.

Fig. 20. Whitianga Wharf. Source: A Challinor, July 2009.

Historic Heritage Management Comment

There are a number of buildings within the Heritage Area, including the Whitianga Hotel, Whitianga Town Hall and St Patrick’s Catholic Church that have historic significance and therefore support the heritage value of the area as a whole. The extent to which these buildings have been modified over time or are of recent vintage is the reason why they have not been proposed for scheduling as individual heritage items. Similarly the structures on Soldiers’ Memorial Reserve enhance the heritage value of the Whitianga Heritage Area, even though they have not been proposed for individual scheduling at this time.

15 Principal References

Papers Past Digitised Newspaper Archive http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand www.teara.govt.nz

The Cyclopedia of New Zealand www.nzetc.org

TW Rhodes Coromandel County Diamond Jubilee Souvenir (Paeroa, 1937)

E & V Grayland Coromandel Coast (Wellington, 1965)

Jenny Bithell Guide to the History of Whitianga (Thames, 1986)

Janet Riddle Saltspray & Sawdust – One Thousand Years of History in Mercury Bay, Te- Whanganui-A-Hei (Whitianga, 1996)

Gerald Lawson Of Kauri and Gold (Whenuapai, 1993)

Sonia Edwards A Time to Build (Whakatane, 1990)

AL Lee Whitianga: Auckland Province, New Zealand (Coromandel, 1979)

Mercury Bay Museum & Mercury Bay Library Walk Whitianga – A Walking Trail Highlighting the Historical Sights, Places of Interest and Written Records of Our Town (Whitianga, undated)

Authorship

Dr Ann McEwan, Heritage Consultancy Services 30 March 2012

16 Image Gallery

Fig. 21. DP 95A, dated 4 April 1880. Plan surveyed for T Peacock Esq. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 22. Deed H21 – Campbell Town subdivision, part 1. Dated 1882. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 23. DP 462, Campbell Town subdivision, part 2. Plan surveyed for T Peacock Esq. Dated January 1887. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 24. DP 1901, Campbell Town subdivision, part 2. Plan surveyed for T Peacock Esq. Dated December 1897. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 25. DP 3430. Surveyed for the Kauri Timber Company, dated March 1899 / deposited July 1905. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 26. Whitianga Hotel Passenger Wharf, 1911. WA Price, Alexander Turnbull Library, !-001038-G.

Fig. 27. DP 22686, surveyed July 1929, showing former mill site. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 28. DP 23068, surveyed January 1930, showing subdivision of former mill site and including future dairy factory site fronting The Esplanade. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 29. Aerial view of Whitianga, dated 6 July 1948. Whites Aviation Ltd, Alexander Turnbull Library, WA-13202-G.

Fig. 30. SO 35652, dated December 1950. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 31. SO 37998, dated August 1954, showing road to be proclaimed [Blacksmith Lane]. Source: Land Information NZ.

Fig. 32. View of mill store and other buildings, looking south towards the Whitianga Hotel wharf. 1913. Alexander Turnbull Library, !-021549-G.

Fig. 33. View of Albert Street looking north from just south of Coghill Street intersection. January 1950. Whites Aviation Ltd, Alexander Turnbull Library, WA-23726-F.

27 Appendix: Item Record Forms for Whitianga Heritage Area